兒少人權監督平台

來源 PDF: 84_20240217120040_3596051.pdf

Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on

the involvement

of children in armed conflict

Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly

resolution A/RES/54/263 of 25 May 2000

entry into force 12 February 2002

The States Parties to the present Protocol,

Encouraged by the overwhelming support for the Convention on the Rights

of the Child, demonstrating the widespread commitment that exists to strive

for the promotion and protection of the rights of the child,

Reaffirming that the rights of children require special protection, and calling

for continuous improvement of the situation of children without distinction,

as well as for their development and education in conditions of peace and

security,

Disturbed by the harmful and widespread impact of armed conflict on

children and the long-term consequences it has for durable peace, security

and development,

Condemning the targeting of children in situations of armed conflict and

direct attacks on objects protected under international law, including places

that generally have a significant presence of children, such as schools and

hospitals,

Noting the adoption of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court,

in particular, the inclusion therein as a war crime, of conscripting or enlisting

children under the age of 15 years or using them to participate actively in

hostilities in both international and non-international armed conflict,

Considering therefore that to strengthen further the implementation of

rights recognized in the Convention on the Rights of the Child there is a need

to increase the protection of children from involvement in armed conflict,

Noting that article 1 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child specifies

that, for the purposes of that Convention, a child means every human being

below the age of 18 years unless, under the law applicable to the child,

majority is attained earlier,

Convinced that an optional protocol to the Convention that raises the age of

possible recruitment of persons into armed forces and their participation in

hostilities will contribute effectively to the implementation of the principle

that the best interests of the child are to be a primary consideration in all

actions concerning children,

Noting that the twenty-sixth International Conference of the Red Cross and

Red Crescent in December 1995 recommended, inter alia, that parties to

conflict take every feasible step to ensure that children below the age of 18

years do not take part in hostilities,

Welcoming the unanimous adoption, in June 1999, of International Labour

Organization Convention No. 182 on the Prohibition and Immediate Action

for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour, which prohibits, inter

alia, forced or compulsory recruitment of children for use in armed conflict,

Condemning with the gravest concern the recruitment, training and use

within and across national borders of children in hostilities by armed groups

distinct from the armed forces of a State, and recognizing the responsibility

of those who recruit, train and use children in this regard,

Recalling the obligation of each party to an armed conflict to abide by the

provisions of international humanitarian law,

Stressing that the present Protocol is without prejudice to the purposes and

principles contained in the Charter of the United Nations, including Article 51,

and relevant norms of humanitarian law,

Bearing in mind that conditions of peace and security based on full respect of

the purposes and principles contained in the Charter and observance of

applicable human rights instruments are indispensable for the full protection

of children, in particular during armed conflict and foreign occupation,

Recognizing the special needs of those children who are particularly

vulnerable to recruitment or use in hostilities contrary to the present

Protocol owing to their economic or social status or gender,

Mindful of the necessity of taking into consideration the economic, social and

political root causes of the involvement of children in armed conflict,

Convinced of the need to strengthen international cooperation in the

implementation of the present Protocol, as well as the physical and

psychosocial rehabilitation and social reintegration of children who are

victims of armed conflict,

Encouraging the participation of the community and, in particular, children

and child victims in the dissemination of informational and educational

programmes concerning the implementation of the Protocol,

Have agreed as follows:

Article 1

States Parties shall take all feasible measures to ensure that members of

their armed forces who have not attained the age of 18 years do not take a

direct part in hostilities.

Article 2

States Parties shall ensure that persons who have not attained the age of 18

years are not compulsorily recruited into their armed forces.

Article 3

1. States Parties shall raise the minimum age for the voluntary recruitment

of persons into their national armed forces from that set out in article 38,

paragraph 3, of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, taking account of

the principles contained in that article and recognizing that under the

Convention persons under the age of 18 years are entitled to special

protection.

2. Each State Party shall deposit a binding declaration upon ratification of or

accession to the present Protocol that sets forth the minimum age at which

it will permit voluntary recruitment into its national armed forces and a

description of the safeguards it has adopted to ensure that such recruitment

is not forced or coerced.

3. States Parties that permit voluntary recruitment into their national armed

forces under the age of 18 years shall maintain safeguards to ensure, as a

minimum, that:

(a) Such recruitment is genuinely voluntary;

(b) Such recruitment is carried out with the informed consent of the person's

parents or legal guardians;

(c) Such persons are fully informed of the duties involved in such military

service;

(d) Such persons provide reliable proof of age prior to acceptance into

national military service.

4. Each State Party may strengthen its declaration at any time by

notification to that effect addressed to the Secretary-General of the United

Nations, who shall inform all States Parties. Such notification shall take

effect on the date on which it is received by the Secretary-General.

5. The requirement to raise the age in paragraph 1 of the present article

does not apply to schools operated by or under the control of the armed

forces of the States Parties, in keeping with articles 28 and 29 of the

Convention on the Rights of the Child.

Article 4

1. Armed groups that are distinct from the armed forces of a State should

not, under any circumstances, recruit or use in hostilities persons under the

age of 18 years.

2. States Parties shall take all feasible measures to prevent such recruitment

and use, including the adoption of legal measures necessary to prohibit and

criminalize such practices.

3. The application of the present article shall not affect the legal status of

any party to an armed conflict.

Article 5

Nothing in the present Protocol shall be construed as precluding provisions

in the law of a State Party or in international instruments and international

humanitarian law that are more conducive to the realization of the rights of

the child.

Article 6

1. Each State Party shall take all necessary legal, administrative and other

measures to ensure the effective implementation and enforcement of the

provisions of the present Protocol within its jurisdiction.

2. States Parties undertake to make the principles and provisions of the

present Protocol widely known and promoted by appropriate means, to

adults and children alike.

3. States Parties shall take all feasible measures to ensure that persons

within their jurisdiction recruited or used in hostilities contrary to the

present Protocol are demobilized or otherwise released from service. States

Parties shall, when necessary, accord to such persons all appropriate

assistance for their physical and psychological recovery and their social

reintegration.

Article 7

1. States Parties shall cooperate in the implementation of the present

Protocol, including in the prevention of any activity contrary thereto and in

the rehabilitation and social reintegration of persons who are victims of acts

contrary thereto, including through technical cooperation and financial

assistance. Such assistance and cooperation will be undertaken in

consultation with the States Parties concerned and the relevant

international organizations.

2. States Parties in a position to do so shall provide such assistance through

existing multilateral, bilateral or other programmes or, inter alia, through a

voluntary fund established in accordance with the rules of the General

Assembly.

Article 8

1. Each State Party shall, within two years following the entry into force of

the present Protocol for that State Party, submit a report to the Committee

on the Rights of the Child providing comprehensive information on the

measures it has taken to implement the provisions of the Protocol, including

the measures taken to implement the provisions on participation and

recruitment.

2. Following the submission of the comprehensive report, each State Party

shall include in the reports it submits to the Committee on the Rights of the

Child, in accordance with article 44 of the Convention, any further

information with respect to the implementation of the Protocol. Other States

Parties to the Protocol shall submit a report every five years.

3. The Committee on the Rights of the Child may request from States Parties

further information relevant to the implementation of the present Protocol.

Article 9

1. The present Protocol is open for signature by any State that is a party to

the Convention or has signed it.

2. The present Protocol is subject to ratification and is open to accession by

any State. Instruments of ratification or accession shall be deposited with

the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

3. The Secretary-General, in his capacity as depositary of the Convention

and the Protocol, shall inform all States Parties to the Convention and all

States that have signed the Convention of each instrument of declaration

pursuant to article 3.

Article 10

1. The present Protocol shall enter into force three months after the deposit

of the tenth instrument of ratification or accession.

2. For each State ratifying the present Protocol or acceding to it after its

entry into force, the Protocol shall enter into force one month after the date

of the deposit of its own instrument of ratification or accession.

Article 11

1. Any State Party may denounce the present Protocol at any time by written

notification to the Secretary- General of the United Nations, who shall

thereafter inform the other States Parties to the Convention and all States

that have signed the Convention. The denunciation shall take effect one year

after the date of receipt of the notification by the Secretary-General. If,

however, on the expiry of that year the denouncing State Party is engaged

in armed conflict, the denunciation shall not take effect before the end of the

armed conflict.

2. Such a denunciation shall not have the effect of releasing the State Party

from its obligations under the present Protocol in regard to any act that

occurs prior to the date on which the denunciation becomes effective. Nor

shall such a denunciation prejudice in any way the continued consideration

of any matter that is already under consideration by the Committee on the

Rights of the Child prior to the date on which the denunciation becomes

effective.

Article 12

1. Any State Party may propose an amendment and file it with the

Secretary-General of the United Nations. The Secretary-General shall

thereupon communicate the proposed amendment to States Parties with a

request that they indicate whether they favour a conference of States

Parties for the purpose of considering and voting upon the proposals. In the

event that, within four months from the date of such communication, at

least one third of the States Parties favour such a conference, the

Secretary-General shall convene the conference under the auspices of the

United Nations. Any amendment adopted by a majority of States Parties

present and voting at the conference shall be submitted to the General

Assembly of the United Nations for approval.

2. An amendment adopted in accordance with paragraph 1 of the present

article shall enter into force when it has been approved by the General

Assembly and accepted by a two-thirds majority of States Parties.

3. When an amendment enters into force, it shall be binding on those States

Parties that have accepted it, other States Parties still being bound by the

provisions of the present Protocol and any earlier amendments they have

accepted.

Article 13

1. The present Protocol, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French,

Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited in the

archives of the United Nations.

2. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall transmit certified

copies of the present Protocol to all States Parties to the Convention and all

States that have signed the Convention.

來源 PDF: 84_20240217120055_1572709.pdf

關於兒童捲入武裝衝突問題之兒童權利公約任擇議定書

本議定書締約國，

在兒童權利公約獲得極大支持的鼓舞下，足見各方決心致力於促進及保護兒童權

利；

重申必須特別保護兒童權利，要求毫無歧視不斷改善兒童之情況，使兒童在和平

與安全之條件下成長及接受教育；

因恐武裝衝突對兒童造成有害與廣泛影響，並對持久和平、安全及發展造成長期

後果；

譴責在武裝衝突情況中以兒童為目標，以及直接攻擊受國際法保護之目標，包括

學校及醫院等一般有大量兒童之場所的行為；

注意到羅馬「國際刑事法院規約」獲得通過，特別是將徵集或招募未滿十五歲之

兒童實際參加國際性及非國際性武裝衝突的戰鬥行為列為戰爭罪行；

考慮進一步加強落實兒童權利公約所確認之權利，需要加強保護兒童，使其不捲

入武裝衝突；

注意到兒童權利公約第 1 條規定，為該公約之目的，兒童係指未滿十八歲之人，

但其所適用之法律規定未滿十八歲為成年者，不在此限；

深信藉由公約任擇議定書提高可被徵集或招募加入武裝部隊及參加戰鬥行為者

之年齡，將有效促進落實有關兒童之一切行動均應以兒童最佳利益為優先考量之

原則；

注意到一九九五年十二月第二十六屆紅十字會與紅新月會國際會議之建議，其中

包括，衝突各當事方採取一切可行之措施，確保未滿十八歲之兒童不參加戰鬥行

為；

歡迎國際勞工組織於一九九九年六月一致通過第一百八十二號「最惡劣形式兒童

勞動公約」，其中也禁止強迫或強制徵集兒童參加武裝衝突；

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亟至關切下譴責非國家武裝部隊之武裝團體在國境內外徵集或招募、訓練及使用

兒童參加戰鬥行為，並確認在這方面徵集或招募、訓練及使用兒童的人所負之責

任；

回顧武裝衝突各當事方均有義務遵守國際人道法之規定；

強調本議定書不損害聯合國憲章所載之宗旨與原則，包括第 51 條以及相關之人

道法規範；

銘記以充分尊重聯合國憲章所載之宗旨與原則，以及遵守適用之人權文書為基礎

之和平與安全是充分保護兒童之必要條件，特別是在武裝衝突及外國佔領期間；

體認因經濟或社會狀況或其性別而特別容易遭受以違反本議定書之方式徵集或

招募或用於戰鬥行為之兒童之特殊需要；

注意到必須考慮兒童捲入武裝衝突之經濟、社會及政治成因，

深信需要加強國際合作執行本議定書，幫助受武裝衝突迫害之兒童恢復身心健康

並重返社會；

鼓勵社區，尤其是兒童及被害兒童，參與散播有關執行本議定書之宣傳與教育方

案；

茲協議如下：

第1條

締約國應採取一切可行措施，確保未滿十八歲之武裝部隊成員不直接參加戰鬥行

為。

第2條

締約國不應強制徵集未滿十八歲者加入其武裝部隊。

第3條

1.考慮到兒童權利公約第 38 條所載之原則，並確認公約規定未滿十八歲者有權

獲 得特別之保護，締約國應提高該條第 3 項所定個人志願受招募加入本國武

裝 部隊之最低年齡。

2.各締約國在批准或加入本議定書時，應存放一份具有約束力之聲明，規定其允

許志願受招募加入本國武裝部隊之最低年齡，並說明其為確保不強迫或脅迫進

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 行該等招募而採取之保障措施。

3.如締約國允許未滿十八歲者志願受招募加入本國武裝部隊，則應設置保障措施

並至少確保以下事項：

(a)該等招募確實係屬志願；

(b)該等招募得到本人父母或法定監護人之知情同意；

(c)該等志願者被充分告知此類兵役所涉之責任；

(d)在接納該等志願者服本國兵役之前，應由其提供可靠之年齡證明；

4.各締約國得隨時加強其聲明，並通知聯合國秘書長，由秘書長通知所有締約

國。前開通知於秘書長收到之日起生效。

5.符合兒童權利公約第 28 條及第 29 條，提高本條第 1 項入伍年齡之規定不適用

於由締約國武裝部隊所轄之學校。

第4條

1.於任何情況下，非國家武裝部隊之武裝團體不應徵集或招募未滿十八歲之人或

在戰鬥行為中利用未滿十八歲之人。

2.締約國應採取一切可行措施防止該等招募及利用，包括採取必要之立法措施予

以禁止並依刑事法規論處。

3.本條之適用不影響武裝衝突任何當事者之法律地位。

第5條

本議定書之解釋適用不得排除更有利於實現兒童權利之締約國法律、國際文書或

國際人道法之規定。

第6條

1.各締約國應採取一切必要之法律、行政與其他措施，確保在其管轄範圍內有效

執行及實施本議定書之規定。

2.締約國承諾透過適當方式對成人與兒童廣泛宣導及推廣本議定書之各項原則

及規定。

3.締約國應採取一切可行措施，確保本國管轄範圍之人在違反本議定書之情況

下，遭徵集、招募或利用於戰鬥行為時，應令其退伍或退出。締約國在必要時

應對其提供一切適當之協助，使其身心康復及重返社會。

第7條

1.締約國應透過技術合作與財政協助等方式合作執行本議定書，包括防止違反本

議定書之任何活動，協助受違反本議定書行為所迫害者之康復與重返社會。提

供此類協助及合作時，應與有關締約國及有關國際組織磋商。

2.具備採取行動地位之締約國，應透過現有之多邊、雙邊或其他方案，或透過按

聯合國大會規則所設立之自願基金提供此類協助。

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第8條

1.各締約國應於本議定書對該締約國生效後二年內向兒童權利委員會提交一份

報告，並提供詳盡資料說明本國為執行議定書之規定而採取之措施，包括為執

行關於參加與招募相關條款而採取之措施。

2.提交前項報告後，各締約國應於根據公約第 44 條所提交兒童權利委員會之報

告中，提供與執行本議定書有關之任何資料。僅簽訂本議定書之其他締約國應

每五年提交一份報告。

3.兒童權利委員會得要求締約國進一步提供與執行本議定書有關之資料。

第9條

1.本議定書開放供公約任何締約國或已簽署公約之任何國家簽署。

2.本議定書須經批准並開放供任何國家加入。批准書或加入書應存放於聯合國秘

書長。

3.秘書長應本其依公約及議定書所定存放人之職權，對公約所有締約國及簽署國

通報根據第 3 條送交之每一份聲明。

第 10 條

1.本議定書於第十份批准書或加入書存放後三個月生效。

2.對於在本議定書生效後批准或加入之國家，議定書在其批准書或加入書存放之

次日起一個月後生效。

第 11 條

1.各締約國得隨時以書面通知聯合國秘書長退出本議定書，秘書長應立即通知公

約其他締約國及所有已簽署公約之國家。退約應於秘書長收到通知之次日起一

年後生效。惟於前開生效日締約國正處於武裝衝突者，則在武裝衝突結束前退

約應屬尚未生效。

2.前項退約並不解除締約國依本議定書對退約生效日期前發生之任何行為所承

擔之義務。退約並無礙於兒童權利委員會繼續審議在退約生效日期前業已開始

審議之任何事項。

第 12 條

1.各締約國均得提出修正案，提交聯合國秘書長。秘書長應立即將提案通知締約

國，並請其表明是否贊成召開締約國會議進行審議及表決。如於此類通知發出

後四個月內，至少有三分之一締約國贊成召開前開會議，秘書長應在聯合國主

辦下召開會議。經出席會議並參加表決之締約國過半數通過之任何修正案應提

交聯合國大會同意。

2.根據本條第 1 項通過之修正案如獲大會同意並為締約國三分之二多數接受，即

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行生效。

3.修正案生效後，即對接受該項修正案之締約國具有約束力，其他締約國仍受本

議定書各項條款及其已接受任何原修正案之約束。

第 13 條

1.本議定書之阿拉伯文、中文、英文、法文、俄文及西班牙文文本，同一作準，

應存放聯合國檔案庫。

2.聯合國秘書長應將本議定書經證明無誤之副本分送公約所有締約國及已簽署

公約之所有國家。

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