推動CRC
第15次諮詢會議紀錄
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「推動兒童權利公約施行法」
第 15 次諮詢會議（結論性意見分工研商會議）紀錄
時間：107 年 2 月 5 日（星期一）上午 9 時 30 分
地點：本部 301 會議室
主席：簡署長慧娟 記錄：蕭珮姍
出（列）席人員：詳如簽到表
壹、主席致詞：略
貳、業務單位報告：略
參、報告事項：略
肆、討論事項：
案由：CRC 首次國家報告國際審查結論性意見權責分工，提請討
論。
說明：
一、 旨揭結論性意見分為三部分，包括前言（6 點）、承認之
國際人權公約（1 點）
、關切重點與建議（91 點）
，本部暫
譯並建議分工如附件，提請逐點確認分工及中文翻譯。
二、 續請各權責機關依「各權責機關落實結論性意見後續行動
回應表」填表說明填寫，於 107 年 4 月 13 日前函復本部。
決議：
一、 結論性意見第 37 點至第 98 點分工修正如下，餘照案通過：
（一） 家庭環境與替代性照顧
1. 第 39 點：協辦機關增列教育部，回應學校與社政體系橫
向聯繫。
2. 第 40 點及第 41 點：協辦機關增列外交部，回應非法移
置兒少相關協助。
3. 第 44 點：主辦機關增列衛生福利部（保護服務司）
，補
充親屬照顧相關培訓和支持服務。
1
4. 第 45 點：主辦機關增列衛生福利部（保護服務司）
，回
應親屬照顧規劃部分。
5. 第 46 點：主辦機關增列司法院及衛生福利部（保護服務
司）
，請司法院協助回應由法院進行安置裁定，請衛生福
利部（保護服務司）回應實務上兒少保護疏忽案件轉由
監護人委託安置案件部分。
（二） 暴力侵害兒童
1. 第 52 點及第 53 點：主辦機關增列教育部、衛生福利部
（社會及家庭署）
、勞動部、法務部及內政部。請分就防
範暴力侵害兒童措施（校園體罰與霸凌、高風險家庭服
務、職場霸凌、矯正機關內之暴力、警政單位偵訊）回
應。
2. 第 55 點：協辦機關增列衛生福利部（保護服務司）
、內
政部、教育部、法務部，回應有關網路霸凌預防及申訴。
（三） 身心障礙、基本健康與福利
1. 第 58 點：協辦機關增列內政部、文化部、經濟部、衛生
福利部（食品藥物管理署、醫事司）
、交通部、行政院農
業委員會、國軍退除役官兵輔導委員會，回應共融遊樂
場及各場域遊戲場相關規劃。
2. 第 60 點及第 61 點：協辦機關增列衛生福利部（心理及
口腔健康司、國民健康署）
，回應牙齒診療及優生保健行
為中的兒少醫療同意權。
3. 第 62 點及第 63 點：主辦機關增列教育部，回應校內相
關輔導服務；協辦機關增列衛生福利部（保護服務司、
國民健康署、疾病管制署），回應相關熱線服務、心理
及性健康服務措施。
4. 第 65 點至第 67 點：主辦機關增列衛生福利部（國民健
康署），回應性教育及青少年性健康部分；協辦機關增
2
列法務部、內政部、衛生福利部（社會及家庭署、疾病
管制署），回應矯正機構內性教育、警政人員培訓、未
成年懷孕、性傳染病相關服務措施。
5. 第 68 點：主辦機關增列衛生福利部（國民健康署）
，回
應保護兒少健康相關服務措施。
（四） 教育休閒與文化活動
1. 第 75 點：協辦機關增列法務部，回應矯正機構內人權
教育部分。
2. 第 78 點：協辦機關增列衛生福利部（保護服務司）
，回
應中輟生社區相關資源服務。
3. 第 80 點：協辦機關增列國防部，回應軍訓教官退出校
園部分。
4. 第 82 點：協辦機關增列勞動部及衛生福利部（保護服
務司），回應建教生及合作式中途學校申訴機制。
5. 第 85 點：協辦機關增列教育部、經濟部、衛生福利部
（食品藥物管理署、醫事司）、交通部、行政院農業委
員會、國軍退除役官兵輔導委員會，回應遊戲場規劃事
宜。
6. 第 86 點：主辦機關增列文化部、原住民族委員會、客
家委員會，回應推廣多元文化相關措施。
（五） 特別保護措施
1. 第 87 點及第 88 點：協辦機關增列衛生福利部（國民健
康署）及教育部，回應死亡率及合格師資相關措施。
2. 第 90 點及第 91 點：主辦機關增列衛生福利部（保護服
務司）、內政部、司法院，回應防止兒少藥物濫用相關
措施及成效。
3. 第 94 點：協辦機關增列衛生福利部（保護服務司）
，回
應兒虐通報案件與兒少在拘留期間遭受不當對待之資
3
料比對。
4. 第 96 點：主辦機關增列衛生福利部（心理及口腔健康
司、社會及家庭署）、教育部、內政部及法務部，回應
少年虞犯、觸法兒童等相關服務措施。
二、 有關各點次之彙整機關，倘為跨機關且涉有衛生福利部社
會及家庭署，由幕僚單位統一彙整；其餘點次彙整機關如
下：
（一） 一般執行措施：
1. 第 10 點：衛生福利部（保護服務司）
。
2. 第 14 點及第 15 點：法務部。
3. 第 23 點及第 24 點：經濟部。
（二） 一般性原則：
第 30 點：衛生福利部（心理及口腔健康司）。
（三） 身心障礙、基本健康與福利：
1. 第 62 點及第 63 點：衛生福利部（心理及口腔健康司）。
2. 第 64 點：衛生福利部（國民健康署）
。
3. 第 65 點至第 67 點：教育部。
4. 第 68 點：行政院環境保護署。
（四） 教育休閒與文化活動：
1. 第 82 點：教育部。
2. 第 86 點：教育部。
（五） 特別保護措施：
1. 第 90 點及第 91 點：法務部。
2. 第 94 點：法務部。
三、 權責分工表依上開決議修正（如附件 1），由各主辦機關
填報「各權責機關落實結論性意見後續行動回應表」
（附
件 2）
，並請主辦（彙整）機關於 4 月 13 日前函復本部，
爰請各主辦機關配合彙整機關依限提供資料。
4
四、 各點次主辦機關得依實際規劃需要召開相關會議及蒐整
資料，可逕請各相關機關為協辦機關，請各部會本於行政
互助原則配合辦理。
伍、臨時動議：無。
陸、散會（下午 1 時 20 分）
5
附件 1
中華民國（臺灣）兒童權利公約首次國家報告結論性意見各點次權責機關分工
點 結論性意見內容(中文參考翻譯，請確認) 可參考國際
權責機關
次 中文 英文 文書/其他資料
壹 前言 I. Introduction
1 中華民國（臺灣）立法院於 2014 年 6 月 In June 2014, the Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China 無
通過《兒童權利公約施行法》 （下稱《CRC (Taiwan) passed the Implementation Act of the Convention
施行法》 ），並於同年 11 月 20 日開始施 on the Rights of the Child (‘Implementation Act’). The Act
came into force on 20 November 2014 and provides the
行，係臺灣實施《CRC》之法律架構；2016
framework for domestic harmonization of the CRC. On 22
年 4 月 22 日立法院通過加入《CRC》條 April 2016 Taiwan’s Legislative Yuan passed a Bill to
約案，總統於 2016 年 5 月簽署加入書。 support the adoption of the CRC paving the way for the
President to sign the Instrument of Accession to the CRC in
May 2016.
2 行政院依據《CRC 施行法》，於 2016 年 The Executive Yuan, according to the Implementation Act, 無
11 月發表首次國家報告，並於 2017 年 3 published the initial State report in November 2016 and its
月提供英文版。為審查首次國家報告，中 English version was made available in March 2017. In order
to review its initial State report, the Government of Taiwan
華民國（臺灣）政府邀請 5 位獨立國際兒
invited five independent international children’s rights
權專家組成國際審查委員會（下稱委員 experts to form an International Review Committee
會）。5 位專家分別為 Jaap Doek（主席） (‘Review Committee’). They were Jaap Doek (Chairperson)
（荷蘭），Judith Karp（以色列），Nigel (The Netherlands), Judith Karp (Israel), Nigel Cantwell
Cantwell（英國/瑞士）；Laura Lundy（北 (United Kingdom/Switzerland); Laura Lundy (Northern
愛爾蘭）以及 John Tobin（澳洲）。 Ireland) and John Tobin (Australia).
3 委員會審查臺灣於 2017 年 3 月提交之首 The Review Committee examined the initial report of 無
次國家報告，並收到非政府組織（下稱 Taiwan which was submitted to the Review Committee in
NGO）的替代報告及兒少報告。委員會於 March 2017. The Review Committee received reports from
2017 年 6 月向臺灣提出問題清單，復於同 civil society organizations including children’s organizations
and groups of children. The Review Committee submitted a
年 9 月收到詳細回應資料。委員會亦收到 List of Issues to Taiwan in June 2017 and received detailed
NGO 對於政府問題清單回應資料的平行 written replies in September 2017. The Review Committee
1
點 結論性意見內容(中文參考翻譯，請確認) 可參考國際
權責機關
次 中文 英文 文書/其他資料
回復意見。 also received a number of additional reports from civil
society in response to the List of Issues and the State’s
replies to the List of Issues.
4 作為審查會議之一部分，委員會於 2017 As part of the review on 20 November 2017, the Review 無
年 11 月 20 日與 NGO 及兒少舉行不公開 Committee held private meetings with children and
會議，於 2017 年 11 月 21 日及 22 日與政 members from civil society. On 21 and 22 November 2017,
the Review Committee engaged in a public dialogue with
府代表舉行公開會議，於 2017 年 11 月 24
the Government delegation. The Review Committee
日通過並發表本結論性意見。 adopted the present Concluding Observations and presented
them on 24 November 2017.
5 委員會了解臺灣政府認真且努力的實踐 The Review Committee acknowledges the serious and 無
《CRC》，並相當感謝相關部會及政府機 sincere efforts of the Government of Taiwan to implement
構派員出席會議，與委員會進行建設性對 the CRC. The Review Committee greatly appreciates the
話。NGO 之積極參與，尤其是兒少參與， constructive dialogue with the Government during the
review, which was attended by representatives from all
亦對審查過程至關重要。 relevant Ministries and government bodies. The active
participation of civil society and in particular children was
also essential to the review process.
6 委員會感謝衛生福利部（特別是《CRC》 The Review Committee expresses its appreciation to the 無
幕僚單位）提供實質協助與後援。 Ministry of Health and Welfare, and particularly its CRC
team, for providing the Review Committee with substantive
and logistical support.
II. Recognition of International Human
貳 承認之國際人權公約
Rights Treaties
7 委員會樂見臺灣除《CRC》外，亦接受下 The Review Committee welcomes the decision of Taiwan to 無
列國際人權公約： adopt not only the CRC but also the following international
（1）《經濟社會文化權利國際公約》； human rights treaties:
(a) International Covenant on Economic, Social and
（2）《公民與政治權利國際公約》；
Cultural Rights;
（3）《消除對婦女一切形式歧視公約》； (b) International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights;
2
點 結論性意見內容(中文參考翻譯，請確認) 可參考國際
權責機關
次 中文 英文 文書/其他資料
（4）《身心障礙者權利公約》。 (c) Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination against Women; and
(d) Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
III. Main areas of concern and
參 關切重點與建議
recommendations
一、一般執行措施（第 4、42、44 A. General measures of implementation (arts. 4,
（6）條） 42 and 44 (6))
立法 Legislation
8 委員會表達讚賞並注意到中華民國（臺 The Review Committee notes with appreciation that the 衛福部（社家 兒少權利影響評
灣）毫無保留接受《CRC》，且為施行 CRC was accepted without reservations and that a special 署） 估（Children’s
《CRC》制定特別法。委員會建議政府於 Act was adopted for the implementation of the CRC. The Rights in Impact
Review Committee recommends that the Government Assessments）
檢視國內法律以符合《CRC》規定時，進
undertake a process of child rights impact assessment as it
行兒少權利影響評估。 continues to review its domestic laws with a view to
harmonizing them with the provisions of the CRC.
9 委員會建議應修正《CRC 施行法》，明定 The Review Committee recommends that the 衛福部（社家 第 5 號一般性意
國內法律與《CRC》牴觸時，優先適用 Implementation Act should be amended to provide a clear 署） 見
《CRC》
。 statement that the provisions of the CRC prevail in the case
of a conflict with domestic legal provisions.
10 委員會鼓勵政府接受《關於兒童捲入武裝 The Review Committee encourages the Government to 1. 國防部 兩任擇議定書
衝突問題之兒童權利公約任擇議定書》及 adopt the Optional Protocols to the CRC on the Involvement 2. 衛福部（保
《關於買賣兒童、兒童賣淫和兒童色情問 of Children in Armed Conflict and on the Sale of Children, 護司）（彙
Child Prostitution and Child Pornography.
題之兒童權利公約任擇議定書》。 整）
3. 內政部
3
點 結論性意見內容(中文參考翻譯，請確認) 可參考國際
權責機關
次 中文 英文 文書/其他資料
全面性國家行動計劃 Comprehensive national plan of action
11 委員會建議政府制定並實施全面性國家 The Review Committee recommends that the Government 衛福部（社家 第 5 號一般性意
行動計畫以實踐《CRC》，且納入地方政 develop and implement a national and comprehensive plan 署） 見
府、公民社會組織、相關專家、兒少及家 of action for the implementation of the CRC, with the
involvement of regional and local authorities, civil society
長之參與。
organisations, relevant professionals, children and parents.
協調 Coordination
12 委員會樂見行政院、衛生福利部及地方政 The Review Committee welcomes the establishment of the 衛福部（社家
府均設有兒童及少年福利與權益促進小 Promotional Team for Children and Youth Welfare and 署）
組，負責協調與推動兒少福利及權益保障 Rights tasked with coordination and promotion of policies
regarding the rights and welfare of children and youth, and
政策。委員會建議政府確保上開小組具充
of the Executive Yuan’s promotional group for Child and
分職權執行任務，並提供足夠的人力和財 Youth Welfare and Rights. The Review Committee
力資源。 recommends that the Government ensure that these groups
have sufficient power to execute their tasks and are provided
with adequate human and financial resources.
13 委員會建議立法院應成立兒童委員會，於 The Review Committee recommends that a children’s 立法院
制定影響兒少及其人權之法案時，該委員 committee be established in the Legislative Yuan. This
會應諮詢兒少、相關專業機構和公民社會 committee should consult with children, relevant
professional bodies and civil society in the development of
的意見。
proposals for legislation that affects children and their
human rights.
獨立監督 Independent monitoring
14 委員會注意到且關心中華民國（臺灣）尚 The Review Committee notes with concern that Taiwan has 1. 法務部（彙 1. 第 2 號一般性
未成立獨立國家人權機構。 not yet established an independent National Human Rights
整） 意見
Institution (‘NHRI’).
4
點 結論性意見內容(中文參考翻譯，請確認) 可參考國際
權責機關
次 中文 英文 文書/其他資料
15 委員會建議無論是成立國家人權機構，內 The Review Committee recommends the establishment 2. 監察院 2. 巴黎原則
設監督兒童權利的專責單位；或是成立兒 without delay of either an NHRI with a dedicated division 3. 第 5 號一般性
童監察使辦公室；或是設置兒童權利委 for the monitoring of the rights of the child or a children’s
ombudsman’s office or children’s rights commissioner, in 意見
員，都不宜再延遲，以遵循聯合國兒童權
accordance with the recommendations made by the CRC
利委員會在其第 2 號一般性（2002）意見 Committee in its General Comment No 2 (2002). This body
中提出的建議。國家人權機構的體制應依 should comply with the Paris Principles and, in particular,
循巴黎原則，尤應以對兒童有敏感度的方 be able to receive, investigate and address complaints
式接受、調查和處理由兒童或代表兒童提 notified by or on behalf of children, relating to the public
出之有關公私部門的申訴，並確保申訴人 and private sector, in a child-sensitive manner, ensuring the
的隱私和保護。 privacy and protection of complainants.
申訴程序 Complaints procedures
16 委員會表達讚賞並注意到相關單位於教 The Review Committee notes with appreciation the 1. 教育部
育、社會福利、醫療及少年司法領域，提 information provided on the opportunities for children to 2. 衛福部（醫
供兒少申訴資訊。 make complaints in the settings of education, social welfare,
health and juvenile justice. 事司、國健
17 委員會建議讓所有兒少都能獲得申訴管 The Review Committee recommends that all children 署、疾管
道以及申訴程序的相關資訊。政府應確保 receive information about the opportunities and procedures 署、社家
該程序對兒少友善，提供兒少充分支持 for making complaints. The Government should ensure that 署）
the procedures are child-friendly, that the child is provided
（在適當情形下包括家長或 NGO 的支
with adequate support (including where appropriate by 3. 司法院
持），並保護兒少隱私。委員會進一步建 parents or competent NGOs) and that the privacy of the
4. 法務部
議，政府應採取必要措施，保護提出申訴 child is protected. Furthermore, it recommends that the
之兒少或代表兒少申訴者，免於報復、恐 Government take the necessary measures to protect children
嚇或其他負面影響。申訴程序應為獨立審 who make complaints, and those who do so on behalf of a
查。 child, from retaliation, intimidation or other negative
repercussions. The complaints procedure must be subject to
independent review.
5
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資源分配 Resource allocation
18 委員會讚揚政府提出第一份兒少預算，建 The Review Committee commends the Government for 主計總處 第 19 號一般性意
議政府依據聯合國兒童權利委員會關於 introducing its first Child Budget. It recommends that, in 見
公共預算的第 19 號一般性意見（2016）， line with the Committee on the Rights of the Child’s
General Comment No. 19 on Public Budgeting (2016), the
透過包括兒少參與的公開對話，確保透明
Government ensure transparent and participatory budgeting
和參與式的預算編制，並建立相關機制， through public dialogue, including with children, and
監督與評估各級政府資源分配及使用的 establishes mechanisms to monitor and evaluate the
適切性、有效性和公平性。 adequacy, efficacy and equitability of the distribution and
use of resources, including at the level of local authorities.
數據蒐集 Data collection
19 委員會感謝政府提供在家庭環境與替代 The Review Committee appreciates the provision of 主計總處 第 5 號一般性意
性照顧、健康與福利、教育及特別保護措 statistical information regarding the implementation of the 見
施等方面落實兒童權利的統計資料。 rights of the child in areas such as family environment and （協辦：衛福
alternative care, health and welfare, education and special 部（統計處））
protective measures.
20 依據聯合國兒童權利委員會關於一般執 In the light of the Committee on the Rights of the Child’s
行措施的第 5 號一般性意見，委員會建議 General Comment No. 5 on General Measures of
政府進一步改善數據蒐集系統，並考慮增 Implementation, the Review Committee recommends that
the Government further improves its system of data
設中央數據蒐集單位。所蒐集的資料應涵
collection and considers establishing a central data
蓋公約所有層面，依性別、年齡、城鄉、 collection unit. The information collected should cover all
原住民及種族背景分組分析，在相關及適 areas of the Convention and be disaggregated by gender,
當的情形下，並依身心障礙、國籍和性取 age, urban/rural, and indigenous and ethnic backgrounds, as
向分類。 well as, where relevant and appropriate, disability,
nationality and sexual orientation.
認知提升與教育訓練 Awareness-raising and training
21 委員會注意到中央政府各部會和地方政 The Review Committee notes the training on children’s 1. 衛福部（社
府均有辦理兒童權利教育訓練。然而，委 rights provided at the central level by various ministries and 家署）
at the local level. However, the Review Committee is
6
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員會關切缺乏訓練品質及成效的資訊，且 concerned at the lack of information on the quality and 2. 教育部
訓練似乎主要集中於公務人員。 effectiveness of training and that the focus appears to be
mainly on civil servants. （協辦：司法
22 委員會建議政府確保從事兒少工作的所 The Review Committee recommends that the Government 院、內政部、
有專業人員，均應接受兒童權利教育訓 ensure training in children’s rights for all professionals 法務部、人事
練，如教師、社會工作人員、醫療專業人 working with or for children such as teachers, social 總處、衛福部
workers, medical professionals, professionals working in
員、住宿型單位與寄養照顧專業人員，以 （社工司、醫
residential and foster care and in the field of special
及兒少特別保護措施領域的警察、法官、 protective measures for children, police, judges and 事司、照護
檢察官及其他少年司法工作人員。提供訓 prosecutors and others working in the field of juvenile 司、保護司）
練時，應特別著重《CRC》的一般性原則， justice. In all training, special attention should be given to
包括禁止歧視、優先考量兒少最佳利益、 the general principles of the CRC, the right to
生命、生存及發展權、尊重兒少表意權， non-discrimination, the best interests of the child as a
以及符合兒少各發展階段能力原則。所有 primary consideration, the right to life, survival and
訓練均應持續予以監測及評估，父母亦應 development, and the right to be heard, as well as the
principle of evolving capacities. All training should be
透過學校、地方政府、福利機構、醫療院
monitored and evaluated on an ongoing basis. Parents
所及媒體，獲得兒童權利相關資訊。 should also receive information about children’s rights
through schools, local government, welfare and health
services, and through the media.
Cooperation with civil society and the business
與公民社會及商業部門合作
sector
23 委員會讚揚政府與公民社會組織的正向 The Review Committee commends the positive 1. 勞動部 1. 第 16 號一般
關係和開放式對話，並鼓勵此種合作，以 relationships and open dialogue between the government 2. 通傳會 性意見
做為進一步實現臺灣兒少權利的方法。 and civil society organisations. It encourages this
cooperation as a means of furthering the realisation of 3. 行 政 院 環 2. 兒少權利影響
children’s rights in Taiwan. 保署 評估
24 參考聯合國兒童權利委員會第 16 號一般 With reference to the CRC Committee’s General Comment 4. 經濟部（彙
性意見（2013，商業部門對兒童權利之影 No. 16 (2013) on State Obligations Regarding the Impact of
整）
響及國家義務），委員會建議政府制定和 Business on Children’s Rights, the Review Committee
7
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實施相關規定，確保商業部門遵守兒童權 recommends that the Government establish and implement
利，特別是在兒少就業和工作條件、媒體 regulations to ensure that the business sector complies with （協辦：教育
（包括社群媒體與網路）以及環境保護方 the rights of the child, particularly in the area of children’s
employment and working conditions, media (including 部、文化部、
面。
social media and the internet) and protection of the 衛福部（保護
environment. 司）、內政部）
二、兒少之定義 B. The definition of the child
25 委員會注意到臺灣的成年年齡是 20 歲， The Review Committee notes that the age of majority in 法務部 第 4 號一般性意
而委員會審查對象僅限於未滿 18 歲之兒 Taiwan is 20. The Review Committee’s mandate is restricted 見
少。惟仍需提醒，實施《CRC》可能會對 to persons under the age of 18. However, it wishes to
highlight the fact that the implementation of the CRC in
18 歲或 19 歲青年的權利適用，產生一些
Taiwan may generate some inconsistencies and confusion on
不一致和混淆的問題。 the applicability of rights to youth 18 or 19 years old.
26 委員會表達讚賞並注意到，政府承諾啟動 The Review Committee notes with appreciation that the
修法，使目前的最低結婚年齡一致，並依 Government has committed to enacting legislation which
據國際條約機構的建議，男女均以 18 歲 will harmonize the current minimum ages for marriage,
setting them for both boys and girls at 18 in accordance with
為準。
the recommendations of international treaty bodies.
三、一般性原則 C. General Principles
禁止歧視（第 2 條） Non-discrimination (art. 2)
27 委員會表達讚賞並注意到，政府針對弱勢 The Review Committee notes with appreciation the 1. 教育部 1. 第 6 號一般性
兒少，如原住民兒少、LGBTI 兒少、身心 information provided on various legal provisions for the
2. 原民會 意見
障礙兒少和無國籍兒少，已訂有預防及保 prevention and protection against discrimination of
especially vulnerable children such as indigenous children, 3. 衛福部（社 2. 第 9 號一般性
護其不受歧視的相關法規。然而，委員會
LGBTI children, children with disabilities and stateless 家署） 意見
關注到，有關確保上述法規落實及解決 children. However, the Review Committee is concerned at
《性別平等教育法》執行阻力之政策、方 3. 第 11 號一般
the lack of information on the effectiveness of the policies
案的成效資訊是缺乏的。 and programmes to ensure the implementation of these 性意見
provisions and to address resistance to the implementation
8
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of the Gender Equity Education Act. 4. 第 20 號一般
性意見
28 委員會建議政府持續諮詢兒少、從事兒少 The Review Committee recommends that the State continue,
in on-going consultation with children, professionals 5. 第 22 號一般
工作之專業人員及民間社會，以促進和支
持禁止歧視特別弱勢兒少的認知提升活 working with or for children and civil society, to promote 性意見
and support awareness-raising campaigns on the right to 6. 第 23 號一般
動，並採取必要措施，確保全面落實各項
non-discrimination of especially vulnerable children, and to
禁止歧視兒少的法規。 性意見
take the necessary measures to ensure the full
implementation of the various legal provisions prohibiting 7. 兒少報告（台
discrimination of children. 少盟）
-跨性別學生
與教育
-我們在校園
中受到的權利
侵犯
兒少最佳利益為優先考量（第 3 條 The best interests of the child as a primary
第 1 項） consideration (art. 3, para.1)
29 委員會注意到，有關保護兒少之立法和民 The Review Committee notes that legislation related to the 衛福部（社家 第 14 號一般性意
法，皆要求法院或其他單位的決定應以兒 protection of children and the Civil Code requires that 署） 見
少最佳利益為基礎。委員會建議政府確保 decisions by courts or other authorities should be based on
the best interests of the child. The Review Committee
該權利：
recommends that the Government ensure that this right is: （協辦：司法
（1）符合聯合國兒童權利委員會第 14 號 (a) interpreted consistently with the Committee’s General 院、法務部、
一般性意見有關兒少最佳利益的解 Comment No 14 on the best interests of the child; and 內政部、衛福
釋； (b) integrated and applied consistently in all legislative, 部（保護司）
（2）在所有立法、行政和司法訴訟程序與 administrative and judicial proceedings and decisions
決定，以及和兒童相關並對其產生 and in all policies, programmes and projects that are
影響的所有政策、方案和計畫，包 relevant to and have an impact on children, including
9
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括移民和少 年司法的 法律、法規 immigration and juvenile justice laws and regulations.
中，一致地貫徹執行。
The right to life, survival and development
生命、生存及發展權（第 6 條）
(art.6)
30 委員會注意到國家承認兒少的高自殺率 The Review Committee notes that the State acknowledges 1. 衛福部（心 1. 第 4 號一般性
及自殺企圖，並建議政府評估及處理導致 the high rate of suicides and attempted suicides among 口司）（彙 意見
兒少自殺的因素，並加強現行降低高自殺 children and recommends that it assess and address the 整）
causes of suicide among children and youth and extend its 2. 教育部 2. 第 15 號一般
率的措施。
current efforts to reduce the very high levels of child 性意見
suicide. 3. 第 20 號一般
性意見
兒少表意權（第 12 條） The right of the child to be heard (art. 12)
31 委員會樂見學校及地方政府委員會納入 The Review Committee welcomes the steps that have been 1. 衛福部（社 第 12 號一般性意
兒少代表，尤其讚賞課綱審議會納入兒少 taken to include children as members of school and local 家署） 見
參與，然而，委員會關注社會文化態度會 government committees and commends in particular the
inclusion of children in the review of the National 2. 教育部
持續限制兒少在家庭、學校及社區自由、
Curriculum guidelines. However, the Review Committee 3. 司法院
安全的發聲。 expresses its concern that sociocultural attitudes continue to
restrict children from freely and safely expressing their
views in the home, in schools and in the wider community. （協辦：人事
32 委員會引導政府關注聯合國兒童權利委 The Review Committee draws the Government’s attention to 總處、法務
員會第 12 號一般性意見有關兒少意見應 the CRC Committee’s General Comment No. 12 on the right 部、內政部、
被聽到的權利，並建議政府依據公約第 12 of the child to be heard and recommends that it take
衛福部（社工
measures to strengthen the implementation of this right in
條採取措施強化該權利之落實。委員會建 司、心口司、
accordance with article 12 of the Convention. It
議政府： recommends that the Government: 醫事司、照護
（1）進行研究，以找出兒少認為最重要之 (a) undertake research to identify the issues that are most
議題，以及在各種場合如何使兒少 司、保護司））
important to children and how their views might be best
意見被聽取； heard on those issues in all settings;
10
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（2）針對父母、教師、社工、法官及其他 (b) undertake training programmes and awareness-raising
從事兒少工作者，辦理教育訓練及 activities with parents, teachers, social workers, judges
認知提升活動，以有效促進兒少在 and others working with or for children, to promote the
meaningful and empowered participation of all children
家庭、學校及社區的參與；
within the family, schools and community;
（3）建立並加強國家層級的兒少參與機 (c) strengthen the participation of children at the national
制，使兒少意見得於法制及決策階 level by establishing a mechanism that will allow for
段被聽取； the views of children to be heard in the legislative and
（4）採取措施以確保法規履行，確保兒少 policy making process; and
享有於相關行政及法律程序表示意 (d) take measures to ensure the effective implementation of
見之權利，包括確保兒少被告知其 legislation, recognizing the right of the child to be heard
享有權利，且支持兒少行使其權利。 in relevant administrative and legal proceedings,
including by ensuring that children are informed of their
right to be heard and are supported to exercise it
meaningfully.
四、公民權與自由 D. Civil rights and freedoms
取得國籍權（第 7 條第 1 項） The right to acquire a nationality (art. 7, para.1)
33 委員會樂見政府作出努力，讓更多未被收 The Review Committee welcomes the efforts of the 1. 內政部 1. 第 6 號一般性
養的無國籍兒童取得中華民國（臺灣）國 government to enable more stateless children who are not 2. 教育部 意見
籍。委員會關注到在特定報告中，提及生 adopted to acquire the nationality of the Republic of
China/Taiwan. The Review Committee has noted in 3. 勞動部 2. 第 22 號一般
父不詳且外籍生母已返回原屬國之兒少
particular reports of problems associated with the 4. 衛福部（國 性意見
的權利及身分問題，並建議政府採取適當 entitlements and status of children born to migrant mothers
措施，確保這些兒少不會淪為無國籍或無 健署、健保 3. 第 23 號一般
and unknown fathers when the mother returns to her home
法取得與臺灣兒童相同的服務及福利。 country without the child. The Review Committee 署、疾管 性意見
recommends that the Government take all appropriate 署、社家
measures to ensure that these children are not left stateless 署）
or deprived of any services and benefits to which other
children in Taiwan are entitled.
11
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表現自由（第 13 條） The right to freedom of expression (art. 13)
34 委員會關注部分報告提及表現自由實際 The Review Committee is concerned at reports that exercise 教育部 1. 第 12 號一般
上可能受到限制，尤其在校園中，因為成 of the right to freedom of expression may be restricted in 性意見
人對此抱持負面態度以及兒少害怕受到 practice, particularly in schools, due to negative attitudes on
the part of adults and the children’s fear of punishment. It 2. 第 20 號一般
懲罰。委員會建議政府確保兒少在所有環
recommends that the Government ensure that children can 性意見
境下都能享有表現自由的權利，並促進且 enjoy their right to freedom of expression in all settings, and
支持校報、學生刊物或其他出版品在校 promote and support e.g. the production and distribution of
內、外的發行及流通。 student newspapers or bulletins or other publications in and
outside schools.
The right to freedom of association and to
集會結社及和平集會自由（第 15 條）
freedom of peaceful assembly (art.15)
35 委員會關切未滿 20 歲的兒少及青年無法 The Review Committee notes with concern that children and 內政部 1. 第 12 號一般
自行成立團體，只能在父母或監護人同意 young people below the age of 20 cannot establish their own 性意見
下加入既定團體。這種情況不符合兒少的 association and can only become a member of an existing （協辦：教育
association if they have the permission of their parents or 部） 2. 第 17 號一般
結社自由，亦不尊重兒少逐漸發展的能
guardians. This position is not consistent with the child’s 性意見
力。 right to freedom of association and fails to respect the 3. 第 20 號一般
evolving capacities of the child.
委員會建議政府採取必要的立法及其他 The Review Committee recommends that the Government 性意見
36
措施，確保兒少依據其年齡、成熟度及逐 take the necessary legislative and other measures to ensure
漸發展的能力，能夠不受任何歧視、完全 that children, in accordance with their age, maturity and
evolving capacities, can fully enjoy, without any
享有集會結社及和平集會自由的權利，包
discrimination, their right to freedom of association and to
括和平抗議的權利。 freedom of peaceful assembly, including the right to
peaceful protest
隱私權（第 16 條） The right to privacy (art. 16)
37 委員會關切部分報告提及老師基於非法 The Review Committee notes with concern reports that 教育部 兒少報告（台少
律規範的理由，搜查學生個人物品，並洩 teachers have carried out searches of students’ personal 盟）兒少觀點-我
belongings for reasons other than those stipulated by law,
12
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漏學生的秘密資訊。委員會建議政府採取 and have released children’s confidential information. The 們在校園中受到
一切必要措施，避免學生隱私受到非法、 Review Committee recommends that the Government take 的權利侵犯
恣意的侵犯。老師須了解相關法令規範， all necessary measures to protect children from such
unlawful and arbitrary interference with their right to
並於違反法令時，接受懲處。
privacy. Teachers should be informed of the relevant
regulations and be subject to disciplinary proceedings when
they violate these regulations.
不受酷刑或其他形式殘忍、不人道 The right not to be subjected to torture or other
或有辱人格待遇或處罰之權利（第 cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment (art. 37
37 條第 1 項（a）款） (a))
38 委員會亦關切在矯正機構及其他住宿型 The Review Committee also expresses concern about the 1. 法務部 聯合國保護被剝
單位中，使用單獨監禁和身體約束措施， use of solitary confinement and restraints in correctional and 2. 教育部 奪自由少年規則
並建議政府確保使用單獨監禁的法令及 other residential facilities. It recommends that the
Government ensure that the regulations governing the use of 3. 衛福部（社 （《哈瓦那規則》）
其實施條件，符合公約第 37 條及《聯合
solitary confinement and the conditions under which it is 家署）
國保護被剝奪自由少年規則》 （《哈瓦那規 carried out are in full conformity with article 37 of the
則》）
（第 67 段）
，並採取一切必要措施保 Convention and the UN Rules on the Protection of Juveniles
證遵守這些規範。此外，委員會建議政府 Deprived of Liberty (‘Havana Rules’) (para 67) and to take
審查使用身體約束措施的相關法令，以確 all necessary measures to guarantee respect for those
保符合《哈瓦那規則》（第 63 段和第 64 regulations. Furthermore, it recommends that the
段）的標準。 Government review the regulations governing use of
restraints to ensure that they correspond to standards set out
in the Havana Rules (paras 63 & 64).
五、家庭環境與替代性照顧(第 5
條、第 9 至第 11 條、第 18 條 E. Family environment and alternative care
(arts. 5, 9 – 11, 18, para 1 and 2. 20, 21, 25 and
第 1 及 2 項、第 20 條、第 21
27 b, para 6)
條、第 25 條及第 27 條第 4 項)
家庭支持 Family support
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39 委員會樂見有各種支持父母履行扶養責 While welcoming the various measures in place to support 1. 衛福部（社 1. 台灣兒童權利
任的措施，包括經濟及其他面向的支持， parents in their childrearing responsibilities, financially and 家署） 公約聯盟報告
但也注意到報告指出，單親家庭（包括離 otherwise, the Review Committee notes reports that
single-parent households (including following a divorce) 2. 衛福部（社 2. 財團法人台灣
婚後）和一些低收入、高風險家庭可能無
and some low-income, high-risk households may not be able 工司） 兒童暨家庭扶
法獲得足夠支持。委員會敦促政府採取一 to access adequate support. The Review Committee urges
切可行措施，擴大這些家庭取得適當和必 助基金會報告
the Government to take all feasible measures to widen
要支持服務的管道。 access to appropriate and necessary support to include all （協辦：教育 3. 兒童權利公約
such households. 部） 民間監督聯報
告
非法移置兒少或使其無法返國返家
Illicit transfer and non-return (art. 11)
（第 11 條）
40 委員會指出關於非法移置兒少的通報並 The Review Committee notes the information that reporting 衛福部（社家 1. 台灣兒童權利
非強制性，且通報數量可能只反映非法移 of illicit transfer of a child is not mandatory and that the 署） 公約聯盟報告
置受害兒少的一部分。此外，現行相關法 number of reports may reflect only part of the number of
children who are victims of illicit transfer. Furthermore, the 2. 國際兒童拐帶
條似乎不足以防止這種移置。
legislative provisions seem insufficient for preventing such （協辦：司法 公約
transfers. 院、內政部、
41 委員會建議臺灣政府接受 1980 年《國際 The Review Committee recommends that Taiwan adopt The
法務部、外交
兒童拐帶公約》，作為處理非法移置和 Hague Convention on Civil Aspects of International Child
（不）返回兒少案件的約束性文件。 Abduction (1980) as a binding document for dealing with 部）
cases of illicit transfer and (non-) return of children.
無法在家庭環境中成長的兒少及替 Children deprived of family environment and
代性照顧（第 9 條第 1 項及第 20 條） alternative care (art. 9, para.1 and 20)
42 委員會對於機構安置的使用及其組織方 The Review Committee is concerned about the use of 1. 衛福部（社 1. 聯合國兒童替
式表達關切，並注意到政府已採取措施， residential care and the way it is organised. It notes that 家署）
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降低需與父母/家人分開，被安置在機構之 measures have been taken by the Government to reduce the 2. 衛福部（保 代性照顧準則
人數。委員會同時注意到，雖然安置在非 placement in residential care facilities of children who are or 護司） 2. 兒童權利公約
公立機構的人數繼續增長，但接受機構安 have to be separated from their parents/family. It also notes
that the number of children in residential care is not falling 民間監督聯盟
置的兒少人數並沒有顯著下降。委員會擔
significantly while the number of non-State residential care 報告
心，根據目前的設立許可、查核及評鑑制 providers continues to grow. The Review Committee is 3. 台灣兒童權利
度，可能無法有效保障服務品質。委員會 concerned that quality assurance may not be effectively 公約聯盟報告
了解目前提供給私立機構的資源，可能無 carried out under the present system of authorisation,
法使其招聘和保留足夠數量的合格工作 inspection and audits. The Review Committee understands
人員。委員會擔心，機構數過多可能會促 that resources currently made available to private facilities
使兒少安置在機構，而不是以家庭為基礎 may not enable the latter to recruit and retain qualified staff
的照顧。委員會建議政府檢視其原因，並 in adequate numbers. The Review Committee is concerned
that overcapacity may create an incentive to place children
確保資源有效分配，並依據《聯合國兒童
in residential care facilities instead of family based care. The
替代性照顧準則》，給予需要替代性照顧 Review Committee recommends that the Government
之兒少最適當的安置。 examine the reasons for this overcapacity and allocate
resources in ways that ensure the most appropriate
placement of children in need of alternative care, consistent
with the UN Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children.
43 委員會樂見政府設定目標，提高兒少接受 The Review Committee welcomes the Government’s target
正式親屬照顧之比率。委員會建議政府評 of increasing the proportion of children in formal kinship
估能否透過放寬親屬照顧者的申請資格 care. The Review Committee suggests that the Government
examine the extent to which an ongoing increase in kinship
及補助門檻，促進親屬照顧持續增加。
care can be facilitated by alleviating certain onerous
requirements regarding eligibility and access to subsidies for
potential kinship carers.
44 委員會樂見政府促進寄養的政策，包括對 The Review Committee also welcomes the Government’s 1. 衛福部（社 聯合國兒童替代
有特殊需求兒少的照顧，以及對寄養家庭 policy to promote foster care, including in relation to caring 家署） 性照顧準則
的培訓和支持，並建議政府持續及加強這 for children with special needs and the increased training 2. 衛福部（保
and support for foster carers that this implies. The Review
項政策。 護司）
Committee recommends that the Government continue and
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strengthen this policy.
45 委員會建議政府依據《聯合國兒童替代性 The Review Committee recommends that, in line with the 1. 衛福部（社 聯合國兒童替代
照顧準則》，制定全面且具成本效益的策 UN Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children, the 家署） 性照顧準則
略，透過支持及強化家庭功能，避免安置 Government draw up a comprehensive and costed strategy
to deinstitutionalise the alternative care system by, among 2. 衛福部（保
需求產生，並為兒少推動及提倡以家庭環
other things, supporting and strengthening families in order 護司）
境為主的替代性照顧，特別是親屬照顧，
to prevent the need for placements, and promoting and
以將替代性照顧去機構化。 facilitating the use of family-based alternative care, in
particular kinship care, for these children.
46 委員會並建議政府採取必要的立法措 Furthermore, the Review Committee recommends that the 1. 衛福部（社 1. 聯合國兒童替
施，確保所有替代性照顧的兒少安置，均 Government take the necessary legislative measures to 家署） 代性照顧準則
係依據家事法庭的裁定，此種安置期限是 ensure that all placements of children in alternative care are 2. 司法院 2. 財團法人台灣
based on a decision of the family court, that the term of such
由法律規範，且延長安置應由法院裁定並 3. 衛福部（保 兒童暨家庭扶
placement is set by law and that extending the duration of
符合法定標準。委員會特別關注父母可自 護司） 助基金會報告
the placement should be a decision of the court and meet
行委託政府或機構安置子女，而不需法院 criteria set by law. A particular concern of the Review
介入評估此種安置是否必要及是否符合 Committee is that parents can arrange the placement of their
兒少最佳利益。 children without any involvement of the court in assessing
whether the placement is necessary and in the best interests
of the child.
47 委員會指出，受到不當對待、立即面臨嚴 The Review Committee notes that children who are 衛福部（保護 1. 聯合國兒童替
重風險的兒少可以進行長達 72 小時的保 maltreated and face imminent and serious risk can be put in 司） 代性照顧準則
護安置，且可經法院裁定，重複延長 3 個 protective placement for up to 72 hours, and that this 2. 兒童權利公約
placement can be extended repeatedly for 3 months by a
月。委員會也關切主管機關只有在兒少於 民間監督聯盟
decision of the court. The Review Committee is concerned
緊急安置機構停留 2 年仍無法返家時，才 that only after a stay of 2 years in an emergency residential 報告
會制訂長期處遇計畫。 facility are the authorities required to make a long-term
treatment plan if the child cannot return to her/his family.
48 委員會建議政府依據《CRC》第 25 條及 The Review Committee recommends the Government 1. 衛福部（社 1. 聯合國兒童替
establish an effective system of regular review of all
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《聯合國兒童替代性照顧準則》，建立有 placements of children in alternative care in accordance with 家署） 代性照顧準則
效體系，定期審查所有替代性照顧之兒少 article 25 of the CRC and the UN Guidelines for the 2. 衛福部（保 2. 兒童權利公約
安置。應該特別注意對緊急安置和機構安 Alternative Care for Children. Special attention should be
護司） 民間監督聯盟
given to the review of placements in emergency centres and
置情況進行評估，至少每年以兒少最佳利 報告
residential facilities by assessing, at least every year,
益為考量，評估兒少是否仍有安置需求， whether the placement is still necessary in the best interests
及/或能否將兒少安置於以家庭環境為主 of the child and/or whether the child can be placed in a
的替代性照顧。政府也應採取必要措施， family-based form of alternative care. The Government
防止兒少頻繁轉換安置處所。 should also take the necessary measures to prevent the
frequent moving of children from one alternative care
setting to another.
49 最後，依據《聯合國兒童替代性照顧準 Finally, in line with the UN Guidelines for the Alternative 1. 衛福部（社 1. 聯合國兒童替
則》，委員會強調為離開替代性照顧系統 Care of Children, the Review Committee emphasises the 家署） 代性照顧準則
的兒少制定有效且適當的政策及方案至 importance of having in place an effective and suitable 2. 衛福部（保 2. 財團法人台灣
policy and programme for children leaving the alternative
關重要，協助兒少做好準備（適當情況 護司） 兒童暨家庭扶
care system, preparing them (and, where applicable, their
下，包含家屬），且在兒少離開後，為其 families) for the leaving care process and providing all 助基金會報告
在一定及適當的期間內提供所有必要的 necessary after-care support for an appropriate period.
支持性服務。
國內及跨國境收養（第 21 條） Domestic and intercountry adoption (art. 21)
50 委員會指出，每年國內收養兒少人數低於 The Review Committee notes that the annual number of 衛福部（社家 1. 跨國收養方面
海外收養臺灣兒少之人數，但也關切近親 domestic adoptions is lower than that of adoptions of 署） 保護兒童及合
及繼親收養終止收養比率偏高。委員會建 Taiwanese children abroad, but notes with concern the high 作公約
rate of terminations of intra-familial and step-parent
議政府分析上述終止收養的原因，以採取 2. 兒童權利公約
adoptions. The Review Committee recommends that the
補救措施降低其比率，並作出一切必要的 民間監督聯盟
causes of these terminations be analysed, that remedial
努力，確保所有相關兒少獲得適當照顧。 action be taken so as to reduce their rate, and that all 報告
委員會瞭解國內收養人通常可能較不願 necessary efforts be made to ensure appropriate care for any
意收養有特殊需要的兒少（包括身心障礙 child involved. While the Review Committee recognises
兒少和年齡較大的兒少），跨國境收養可 that domestic adopters may often be unwilling to take
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能因而被視為唯一的解決之道，但敦促政 responsibility for children with special needs (including
府提升社會大眾意識，促進國內收養特殊 those with disabilities and older children) and that
需求兒少。 intercountry adoption may therefore be seen as the only
solution for the latter, it urges the Government to raise
awareness and promote the adoption of these children
domestically.
51 委員會關切政府監督跨國境收養程序的 The Review Committee is concerned about the level and
層級及成效，包括對私立收出養媒合服務 effectiveness of the Government’s oversight of the
機構的授權和監督。委員會建議臺灣採用 intercountry adoption procedure, including the authorisation
and monitoring of private adoption agencies. It recommends
《跨國收養方面保護兒童及合作公約》
that Taiwan adopt The Hague Convention on Protection of
（1993 年）作為具法律效力之文件，以處 Children and Cooperation in Intercountry Adoption (1993)
理臺灣跨國境收養案件。 as a binding document for dealing with cases of intercountry
adoption from and into Taiwan.
六、暴力侵害兒童（第 19 條，第 24
條第 3 項，第 28 條第 2 項，第 F. Violence against children (art. 19, 24, para. 3,
34 條，第 37 條（a）項和第 39 28 para. 2, 34, 37 (a) and 39)
條）
52 委員會樂見政府為防範對兒少施暴採取 The Review Committee welcomes the various actions taken 1. 衛福部（保 第 13 號一般性意
的各種措施，特別是針對體罰和霸凌的相 by the Government to address violence against children, in 護司） 見
關措施，以及提供給高風險兒少及 6 歲以 particular related to corporal punishment and bullying, and 2. 教育部
18
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下弱勢兒童之服務方案。 the programmes providing service to high-risk children and 3. 衛福部（社
youth and to disadvantaged children aged 6 or under. 家署）
53 委員會建議政府： The Review Committee recommends that the Government: 4. 勞動部
（1）參考聯合國兒童權利委員會在其第 (a) continue and strengthen these and other activities and 5. 法務部
develop and implement, taking into account the
13 號一般性意見（2011 年）中提出 6. 內政部
guidance and recommendations of the CRC Committee
的意見和建議，繼續加強現行及其 in its General Comment No 13 (2011), a multi-year
他措施，並制定及施行多年國家行 comprehensive national plan of action for the
動綜合計畫，以預防及保護兒少在 prevention of and the protection of children against all
所有環境（包含家庭）均免遭一切 forms of violence in all settings, including the family;
形式暴力； and
（2）為執行上開行動計畫（包含國家、 (b) provide the necessary human and financial resources for
the implementation of this plan of action which include
地方及 NGO 採取之行動）提供必要
national and local and NGO activities that contribute to
的人力和財力資源，以在 2030 年前 ending all forms of violence against children by 2030, a
結束對兒少一切形式的暴力侵害行 goal of the Sustainable Development Goals (target
為，這也是聯合國永續發展目標（目 16.2.).
標 16.2）之一。
54 委員會樂見政府施行《校園霸凌防制準 The Review Committee welcomes the Guidelines for 教育部
則》，但對於缺乏其實施情形的具體資 Prevention of Bullying on Campus, however it is concerned
訊、受害者或其他人的通報成效不彰及後 at the lack of concrete information about their
implementation and the ineffective reporting by victims or
續處理機制感到關切。委員會建議政府：
others and follow-up mechanisms. The Review Committee
（1）徵詢兒少意見，檢視監督機制和通 recommends that the Government:
報程序，確保其成效； (a) review its monitoring and reporting processes in
（2）提高師生對「霸凌對受害兒少及學 consultation with children to ensure they are effective;
校社區之負面影響」的認識和意識； (b) enhance the understanding and awareness of both
teachers and students of the negative impact of bullying
（3）加強教師能力，以打造安全教室， on the child victim and the school community;
鼓勵被害人和證人通報霸凌案件； (c) reinforce teachers’ ability to create safe classrooms and
（4）為霸凌案件的被害人、加害人及其 encourage victims and witnesses to report incidents of
19
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他受霸凌影響的兒少，提供輔導和 bullying; and
修復的有效做法。 (d) provide effective counselling and restorative practices
for children who are victims, perpetrators, and other
children who may be affected by bullying.
55 在網路霸凌方面，委員會建議政府應督促 In relation to cyberbullying the Review Committee 通傳會
平台供應商發展及強化合宜的服務及機 recommends that the Government urge platform operators to
制，以預防及處理網路霸凌之申訴。 develop and strengthen appropriate services and （協辦：衛福
mechanisms for handling prevention and cyberbullying 部（保護司）、
complaints.
內政部、教育
部、法務部）
56 委員會樂見法律禁止學校和機構體罰兒 The Review Committee welcomes the information that 1. 法務部 第 8 號一般性意
少，然而家內體罰並未被禁止，且學校仍 corporal punishment has been prohibited by law in schools 2. 教育部 見
持續使用體罰。 and institutions. However corporal punishment in the family
setting has not been prohibited and the use of corporal 3. 衛福部（社
punishment in schools continues. 家署）
57 委員會建議政府： The Review Committee recommends that the Government: 4. 衛福部（保
（1）依據《CRC》第 8 號一般性意見， (a) adopt an explicit prohibition on corporal punishment in 護司）
the home, consistent with the CRC Committee’s
明確禁止家內體罰；
General Comment No 8;
（2）針對體罰和其他形式有辱人格待遇 (b) conduct awareness-raising and educational campaigns
的 負面影響 ，規劃 宣 傳和教育活 on the negative impact of corporal punishment and
動，並提供替代方法之資訊，以提 other forms of degrading and humiliating treatment and
倡正向行為； provide information on alternative methods for
（3）採取一切適當措施，確保公私立學 promoting positive behaviour;
(c) take all appropriate measures to ensure that all people
校及機構所有的工作人員不使用體
working in public and private schools and institutions
罰； refrain from the use of corporal punishment; and
（4）教 育 所有 從事 兒 少 服務 的 專業 人 (d) educate all professionals working with or for children
員，使其了解向主管機關通報疑似 on the importance of reporting all suspected incidents of
對兒少施暴案件的重要性。 violence against children to the appropriate authorities.
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七、身心障礙、基本健康與福利（第
6 條、第 18 條第 3 項、第 23 G. Disability, basic health and welfare (arts. 6,
條、第 24 條、第 26 條、第 27 18, para.3, 23, 24, 26, 27, paras. 1-3 and 33)
條第 1 至第 3 項和第 33 條）
身心障礙兒少權利（第 23 條） The rights of children with a disability (art.23)
58 委員會敦促政府執行《身心障礙者權利公 The Review Committee urges the Government to implement 衛福部（社家 1. 第 7 號一般性
約》審查委員會的建議。並進一步建議政 the recommendations of the Review Committee for the 署） 意見
府確保蒐集身心障礙兒少的準確分類資 Convention on the Rights of Persons with a Disability. It
further recommends that the Government ensure the 2. 第 9 號一般性
訊，並採取適當措施使身心障礙兒少：
collection of accurate disaggregated data on children with a （協辦：教育 意見
（1）可在鄉村獲得適當的教育； disability and take appropriate measures to ensure that such 部、勞動部、 3. 第 17 號一般
（2）完成學業後從事有意義的工作； children:
(a) can access appropriate schooling in rural areas; 內政部、文化 性意見
（3）有機會享受有意義的玩樂、休閒和
娛樂，如建造共融遊樂場； (b) transition into meaningful employment after the 部、經濟部、
completion of their schooling; 衛福部（食藥
（4）為 自 己及 家人 接受 適當 的 支持 服 (c) enjoy access to meaningful play, leisure and recreation
務。 署、醫事司）、
opportunities by, for example, the development of
all-abilities playgrounds; and 交通部、農委
(d) receive appropriate support services for themselves and 會、退輔會）
their families.
59 委員會對有多數的身心障礙兒少住在機 The Review Committee is concerned at the high number of 1. 衛福部（社 1. 第 7 號一般性
構感到關切。委員會樂見政府採取 5 年策 children with disabilities living in residential facilities. It 家署） 意見
略（計畫），增加身心障礙兒少在社區生 welcomes the fact that the Government has adopted a 5 year
strategy to increase the number of children with disabilities 2. 教育部 2. 第 9 號一般性
活的人數，並提供身心障礙兒少進入主流
living in community based settings and having access to 意見
學校接受融合教育的機會。 mainstream inclusive schools. 3. 第 15 號一般
性意見
健康權（第 24 條） The right to health (art 24)
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60 委員會關切所有兒少不論能力，均須徵得 The Review Committee is concerned that all children must 衛福部（醫事 1. 第 12 號一般
父母同意才能接受醫療。此與聯合國兒童 obtain the consent of their parents in order to receive 司） 性意見
權利委員會的觀點不一致。依據兒童權利 medical treatment, irrespective of their capacity. This
position is inconsistent with the view of the Committee on 2. 第 15 號一般
委員會說明，具備充分理解能力之兒少， （協辦：衛福
the Rights of the Child which has explained that a child of
部（心口司、 性意見
可在父母不同意的情況下自主同意接受 sufficient understanding is capable of providing consent to
醫療。 medical treatment including in circumstances where her/his 國健署））
parents are unwilling to provide consent.
61 委員會建議政府修改相關法律，以確保兒 The Review Committee recommends that the Government
少接受醫療所需同意符合《CRC》，特別 amend the relevant laws to ensure that the consent required
是第 5 條和第 12 條。亦建議政府落實聯 for medical treatment of a child is consistent with the CRC,
especially articles 5 and 12. It also recommends that the
合國兒童權利委員會第 12 號一般性意見
Government consider the implementation of the
（第 102 段），立法規定達一定年齡的兒 recommendation of the CRC Committee in its General
少可有同意權。 Comment No 12 (para 102) that states adopt legislation
which provides for a fixed age at which the right to consent
transfers to the child.
62 委員會樂見政府努力為兒少提供專業的 The Review Committee welcomes efforts by the 1. 衛福部（心 1. 第 4 號一般性
心理健康服務，包括為兒少提供社區心理 Government to provide specialist mental health services for 口司）（彙 意見
健康門診、心理健康專科和熱線服務。不 children, including the provision of community mental 整）
health clinics, specialist mental health professionals and 2. 第 15 號一般
過，委員會關切兒少心理健康問題，特別 2. 教育部
hotlines for children. However, the Committee is concerned 性意見
是高自殺率及提供服務的成效。 about the incidence of children experiencing problems with
their mental health, especially the high suicide rate and the （協辦：衛福
effectiveness of the services provided. 部（保護司、
63 委員會建議政府： The Review Committee recommends that the Government: 國健署、疾管
（1）持續蒐集有關兒少心理健康情況和 (a) continue to collect data on children with mental health 署））
conditions and youth suicide which, where possible and
少年自殺的數據，在可行且適切的
appropriate, is disaggregated according to the nature of
前提下，根據性質、年齡、性別、 the condition, age, gender, rural/urban location,
城鄉分布、原住民身分和性傾向等 indigenous status, and sexual orientation;
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項目分類； (b) monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of the services
（2）監測和評估提供兒少服務的成效， provided to children, including data on the referral rate
and outcomes of children who access helplines;
包括以熱線求助的兒少轉介率和結
(c) ensure mental health services, including child-friendly
果等數據； preventative services, are available, accessible,
（3）確保心理健康服務（包含友善兒少 acceptable and of appropriate quality consistent with
之預防性服務）的可近性、可用性 General Comment No 15 on the Right to Health of the
及可接受性，且服務品質符合聯合 CRC Committee; and
國兒童權利委員會有關健康權利的 (d) actively seek the views of children, consistent with
第 15 號一般性意見； article 12 of the CRC, to assist with the development,
implementation and monitoring of mental health
（4）根據《CRC》第 12 條，積極徵詢兒 services for children.
少意見，以協助發展、實施及監測
兒少心理健康服務。
64 委員會樂見政府為解決兒童肥胖問題採 The Review Committee welcomes the range of initiatives 1. 衛福部（國 1. 第 4 號一般性
取的一系列措施，但建議： adopted by the Government to address the issue of 健署）（彙 意見
childhood obesity. However, it recommends that:
（1）政府評估及監測這些措施的成效； 整） 2. 第 15 號一般
(a) the Government evaluate and monitor the effectiveness
（2）在 學 校 量 測 兒 童體 重時 應 審慎 進 of such initiatives; and 2. 教育部 性意見
行，確保過程保護兒童隱私且不會 (b) exercise caution when weighing children in schools, to
使兒童受到羞辱。 ensure that this process is undertaken in a way that
protects a child’s right to privacy and does not subject a
child to humiliation.
65 委員會指出，政府自 2011 年起採行進步 The Review Committee notes that, since 2011, the 1. 教育部（彙 1. 全國媽媽護家
的兒少性教育及生育保健教材。委員會亦 Government has adopted a progressive programme to 整） 護兒聯盟、臺
指出，多個 NGO 對該教材成效及合宜性 deliver education on sexual and reproductive health to 2. 衛福部（國
children. It also notes that significant concerns are held by 灣性別人權維
表達強烈關切，性傳染病發生率仍高、部 健署）
various groups with respect to the effectiveness and 護促進協會、
分疾病發生率正在增加，且仍有相當比例 appropriateness of this programme; that the incidence of 中華兒少愛滋
的青少年懷孕。 （協辦：法務
sexually transmitted diseases remains high and is increasing
for some diseases and that there are still a significant 部、內政部、 關懷防治協會
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number of teenage pregnancies. 衛福部（疾管 報告
署、社家署）） 2. 第 4 號一般性
66 委員會建議政府檢討現行課程內容，評估 The Review Committee recommends that the Government
review the current programme to evaluate whether any 意見
是否需修訂以改善其成效及確保其合宜
性。檢討過程應諮詢所有利害關係人，包 amendments are required to improve its effectiveness and 3. 第 12 號一般
ensure its appropriateness. This review should consult all 性意見
括兒少、家長團體、衛生專業人員和教育
interested parties including children and adolescents, parent
工作者。 4. 第 15 號一般
groups, health professionals and educators.
67 委員會進一步建議審查評估現行性健康 The Review Committee further recommends that the review 性意見
和生育保健課程是否： assess whether the current sexual and reproductive health 5. 第 20 號一般
（1）與經濟社會和文化權利委員會第 22 programme: 性意見
(a) is consistent with the recommendations of the
號一般性意見（關於少年性健康與 Committee on Economic Social and Cultural Rights 6. 經社文公約第
生育保健） 、聯合國兒童權利委員會 regarding adolescents in its General Comment 22 on 22 號 一 般 性
第 4 號一般性意見（關於少年健康 Sexual and Reproductive Health and the 意見
與發展）及第 20 號一般性意見（關 recommendations of the CRC Committee in its General
於兒少權利）的內容一致； Comments on Adolescent Health and Development (GC
（2）適齡具實證基礎； 4) and the Rights of Adolescents (GC 20);
(b) is age appropriate and evidence based;
（3）旨在保護所有兒少的性健康和生育 (c) is designed to protect the right to sexual and
保健權，包括 LGBTI 兒少及身心障 reproductive health of all children, including children
礙兒少； who identify as LGBTI and children with a disability;
（4）符合《CRC》第 12 條規定，於方案 (d) accommodates the views of children in the design,
設計、實施及評估時納入兒少意見； delivery and evaluation of the programme, consistent
with article 12 of the CRC;
（5）在兒少發生性行為之前，提供兒少 (e) includes information on respectful relationships and
親密關係應互相尊重等相關資訊， measures to empower children before they engage in
並 培養兒 少 對於性行 為的正確觀 sexual activity;
念； (f) provides appropriate information and support services
（6）為懷孕少女提供適當的資訊及支持 to a girl who becomes pregnant; and
(g) educates parents to understand a child’s right to sexual
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服務； and reproductive health.
（7）教導父母瞭解兒少的性健康及生育
保健相關權利。
68 委員會聽到兒少代表對環境品質可能損 The Review Committee heard concerns from children with 1. 行 政 院 環 第 15 號一般性意
害其健康的擔憂，並建議政府採取措施監 respect to the quality of the environment and the potential 保署（彙 見
測環境對兒少健康的影響。委員會也建議 for this to harm their health, and recommends that the
Government take measures to monitor the impact of the 整）
政府建立相關制度或流程，使兒少得以向
environment on children’s health. The Review Committee 2. 衛福部（國
政府表達對環境或其他兒少健康議題之 also recommends that the Government develop systems or 健署）
關切，並參考 2016 年聯合國兒童權利委 processes that enable children to express their concerns to
員會繼關於兒少權利與環境之一般性討 the Government regarding the environment or other matters
論日後所提建議，透過適當的立法或其他 relevant to children’s health, and address these concerns
行動來處理上開問題。 with adequate legislative and other actions, taking into
account the recommendations of the UN CRC Committee
following its 2016 Day of General Discussion on Children’s
Rights and the Environment.
八、教育休閒與文化活動（第 28 條
H. Education, leisure and cultural activities (art. 28 – 31)
至第 31 條）
教育權（第 28 條、第 29 條） The right to education (art 28-29)
改善就學負擔差距 Closing the gap
69 委員會樂見 6 至 15 歲的義務教育免收學 The Review Committee welcomes the fact that compulsory 教育部
費。然而，委員會關切越來越多私立高中 education between the ages of 6 and 15 is free of tuition
職學生須申請貸款才能負擔學費、其他學 fees. Nevertheless, the Review Committee is concerned with
the growing need of students at private vocational and senior
習費用及生活開支。
high schools to apply for loans to pay tuition and other
learning costs and living expenses.
25
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70 委員會建議教育部全面檢視私立高中職 The Review Committee recommends that the Ministry of
收費情形，並建立審查機制，以保護經濟 Education (‘MOE’) undertake an overall review of the
弱勢學生免受私立學校過度收費。委員會 tuition rates of private vocational and senior high schools,
and establish a review system in this regard to protect
進一步建議政府推行適當計劃，協助無力
economically disadvantaged students from being charged
償還貸款的學生。 excessively by private schools. The Review Committee
further recommends that the Government introduce
appropriate programmes to assist students who experience
difficulties in the repayment of their debt.
學前教育 Preschools
71 委員會對於公立和非營利幼兒園不足、就 The Review Committee is concerned at the shortage of 教育部
讀私立幼兒園帶給家長的沉重經濟負擔 public and non-profit preschools and the high financial
表達關切。委員會亦關切地方主管機關需 burden for parents enrolling their children in private
preschools. The Committee is also concerned by the need of
要額外的人力和經費，才能落實《幼兒教
local authorities for additional human and financial
育及照顧法》第 7 條。 resources to enable them to comply with Article 7 of the
Early Childhood Education and Care Act.
72 委員會樂見《擴大幼兒教保公共化計畫 The Review Committee welcomes the Maximizing the
（2017 年至 2020 年）》的實施，協助地方 Public Education and Care Services Project (2017-2020) to
政府增設更多公立幼兒園，為更多家長提 assist local governments to establish more public preschools
enabling more parents to access high-quality education and
供平價優質的教保服務。
care for their children at a fair cost.
73 委員會鼓勵政府根據以下項目評估實施 The Review Committee encourages the Government to
前述計畫的成效：公立幼兒園數量增加、 evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of this
受過專業訓練的幼教老師等比增加，並修 project with regard to the increase in the number of public
preschools and the proportional increase in the number of
訂工資以改善高流動率。委員會建議政府
trained preschool teachers, and to revise their wages to
以公立幼兒園免學費、私立幼兒園收費可 address the high staff turnover rate. The Review Committee
負擔為目標。 recommends that the Government aim to achieve free tuition
for public preschools and affordable tuition for private
26
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preschools.
Budget allocation for education in remote and rural
偏鄉地區教育經費分配 areas
74 委員會肯定政府為偏鄉兒少分配更多教 The Review Committee acknowledges that the Government 教育部 第 1 號一般性意
育資源的決心。然而，委員會仍然關切目 is committed to allocating additional resources to the 見
前分配資源尚不足以確保偏鄉兒少的教 education of children in remote and rural areas. However,
the Review Committee remains concerned that the
育品質。委員會建議政府持續為偏鄉教育
allocation of these resources may not always be sufficient to
提供額外資源，並採取措施以監測偏鄉兒 ensure a quality education for children in these areas. The
少享有《CRC》第 28 條和第 29 條所訂教 Review Committee recommends that the Government
育權的程度。 continue to provide additional resources for rural and remote
education and adopt measures to monitor the extent to which
children enjoy their right to education, consistent with
articles 28 and 29 of the CRC.
兒童權利與公民教育 Children’s rights and civic education
75 委員會建議無論何種形式或層級的教育 The Review Committee recommends that human rights and, 教育部 第 1 號一般性意
課程（包含國民教育）
，均須納入人權（尤 in particular, the rights of the child be made a mandatory 見
其是兒童權利）教育。委員會進一步建 part of the curriculum in all forms and at all levels of （協辦：法務
education, including the National Curriculum. The Review 部）
議，應為各年齡層和不同能力的兒少製作
Committee further recommends that accessible materials be
適宜教材，教師亦須接受兒童權利的知識 produced for all ages and abilities of children, and that
和培訓。委員會另建議，教育部應支持公 knowledge and training in children’s rights be a prerequisite
民教育中培力兒少的相關活動。 for teachers. The Review Committee further recommends
that the MOE support activities concerning children’s
empowerment in civic and citizenship education.
學生參與校務 Student representation in school affairs
76 委員會肯定《高級中等教育法》催生學生 The Review Committee acknowledges that the High School 教育部
自治組織的貢獻，但關切該法未被有效落 Education Act provides for the creation of self-governing
students organizations, but it is concerned that the Act is not
27
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實。委員會建議教育部監督所有學校（包 effectively implemented. The Review Committee
括私立學校）的學生自治組織，確保沒有 recommends that the MOE monitor the establishment of
學校人員介入該組織的選舉或功能行 self-governing student organizations in all schools,
including private schools, without the intervention of school
使。委員會進一步建議，學生自治組織應
personnel in their elections or functions. The Review
有效參與學校所有處理校務及攸關學生 Committee further recommends that self-governing
受教利益的委員會。 organizations be effectively represented in all school
committees dealing with school affairs and students’
educational interests.
課綱改革 Reform of the curricula guidelines
77 委員會關注考試導向、過分強調學業表現 The Review Committee is concerned about the stress caused 教育部
造成學生壓力，加上課程缺乏彈性，學生 to students as a result of the pressure for high academic
難以追求個人的學習興趣。委員會樂見教 attainment, where a strong emphasis is placed on
examinations and the curriculum lacks flexibility, leaving
育部正在進行課綱審查，期使課綱更具彈
students with limited scope to pursue their own educational
性，更符合學生興趣並減輕學生壓力。委 interests. The Review Committee welcomes the ongoing
員會鼓勵教育部在學生的有效參與下繼 review by the MOE of the curricula with a view to making it
續審查課綱。 more flexible, more compatible with students’ interests and
less stressful for students. The Review Committee
encourages the MOE to continue this review process with
the effective participation of students.
中輟生 Dropout students
78 委員會擔心協助中輟生的相關服務未經 The Review Committee is concerned that not all services for 教育部
整合，建議政府整合所有服務，確保中輟 students who drop out of school are integrated. The Review
生得以分配到足夠資源。 Committee recommends that the Government integrate these （協辦：衛福
services and ensure the sufficient allocation of resources to 部（保護司））
support such students.
懲處措施 Disciplinary measures
79 委 員 會 擔 心 各 校 自 行 制 定 學 生 懲 處 規 The Review Committee notes that schools can draw up their 教育部 1. 第 8 號一般性
own guidelines for the discipline of students and is
28
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定，可能使兒少遭受連坐罰等不當和違法concerned that this could expose children to arbitrary and 意見
的懲罰。委員會建議政府公開並提供學校unlawful disciplinary measures such as collective 2. 第 13 號一般
相關指引，明列合乎兒童權利的懲處措 punishment. The Review Committee recommends that the
Government provide and publicise a directive to schools 性意見
施。
which outlines those disciplinary measures which are
compatible with children’s rights.
80 委員會關切並建議軍訓教官應盡快全面 The Review Committee is concerned at the employment of 教育部
退出校園。 military training officers in schools and recommends that
this practice be phased out as expeditiously as possible. （協辦：國防
部）
體罰 Corporal punishment
81 委員會關切校園禁止體罰之規定未獲徹 The Review Committee is concerned that the ban on 教育部 第 8 號一般性意
底執行，亦未經妥適監督。委員會建議教 corporal punishment in schools is not adequately monitored 見
育部採取一切必要措施，確保有效執行禁 and enforced. It recommends that all necessary measures be
taken by the MOE to ensure the effective implementation of
令，並適當懲戒使用體罰的教師。
the ban, and that teachers who use this measure be
appropriately sanctioned.
申訴機制 Mechanism of appeals
82 委員會關注現行申訴程序處理學生申訴 The Review Committee is concerned with the effectiveness 1. 教育部（彙 問題清單 7.9
的成效，並建議政府建立一套獨立、保密 of the existing appeal procedures for students’ complaints. It 整）
且安全的申訴通報機制，個別處理針對各 recommends that the Government set up an independent 2. 法務部
mechanism providing a confidential and safe reporting
類學校不當行政決策或措施的申訴案
process to address individual appeals on wrongful
件，包括私立學校、輔育院、矯正學校及 （協辦：勞動
administrative decisions or measures taken by all schools,
中途學校。學生應有權在此種申訴評議委 部、衛福部（保
including private, reform, correctional, and transition
員會中陳述意見，並獲得包括非政府組織 schools. Students should be entitled to be heard in such 護司））
在內的獨立代表。 hearings and receive independent representation. including
from NGOs.
兒少休息、遊戲、休閒權（第 31 條） The child’s right to rest, play, leisure (art. 31)
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83 委員會十分關切兒少在學校或在校外的 The Review Committee is deeply concerned about the very 教育部 第 17 號一般性意
其他正式教育機構的時間極長，也注意到 long hours that children spend at school or in other formal 見
政府已對國家考試制度進行改革，希望可 educational settings outside school. It notes that the
Government has reformed the state examination system in
以減輕兒少的學業壓力。
the hope that this may reduce the pressure on children in
relation to academic attainment.
84 委員會建議政府檢視學生在校日的時間 The Review Committee recommends that the Government
安排並加以規範，確保學校提供兒少適當 review and regulate the structure of the school day in order
且規律的休閒時間。此外，建議政府教育 to ensure that schools provide children with adequate and
regular periods of free time. Furthermore, it recommends
家長和老師，睡眠、遊戲及休閒時間不
that the Government undertake measures to educate parents
足，對兒少的學習、發展及身心健康均有 and teachers about the harmful effects of a lack of adequate
不良影響。 sleep and of access to play and leisure on children’s learning
and development and physical and mental health.
85 委員會讚賞政府努力提供兒少安全的遊 The Review Committee commends the Government’s 1. 文化部 第 17 號一般性意
樂場所，增加都市兒少的遊樂場域，並強 efforts to increase children’s access to play space in urban 2. 內政部 見
調政府應確保包括身心障礙兒少在內的 environments through the provision of safe playgrounds. It
stresses that the Government should ensure that all children, 3. 衛福部（社
所有兒少都能參與遊戲，且均有享受自然
including children with disabilities, have access to play and 家署）
環境的權利。參考第 17 號一般性意見 that children should be able to enjoy that right in the natural
（2013，兒少享有休息和休閒、從事遊戲 environment. With reference to General Comment No. 17
和娛樂活動、參加文化生活和藝術活動的 (2013) on the right of the child to rest, leisure, play, （協辦：教育
權利），委員會建議政府（含地方政府） recreational activities, cultural life and the arts, the Review 部、經濟部、
採取措施以確保兒少享有休息、休閒與參 Committee recommends that the Government, as well as 衛福部（食藥
與適齡遊戲及娛樂活動之權利，包括持續 local authorities, implement measures to guarantee the right
of the child to rest and leisure and to engage in play and 署、醫事司）、
投入充足資源，推行遊戲與休閒相關政
recreational activities appropriate to the age of the child, 交通部、農委
策。委員會建議政府在規劃、設計及監督
including by adopting and implementing play and leisure 會、退輔會）
社區、地方、國家層級的遊戲與休閒相關 policies with sufficient and sustainable resources. The
政策和活動執行時，應讓兒少充分參與。 Review Committee recommends that Government fully
involve children in planning, designing and monitoring the
30
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implementation of play policies and activities relevant to
play and leisure, at the community, local and national levels.
86 委員會注意到政府在確保所有兒少都能 The Review Committee notes the existing efforts to ensure 1. 教育部（彙
學習多元文化（包括原住民文化和語言） that all children can learn about diverse cultures, including 整）
上所做的努力，並鼓勵政府諮詢兒少、家 indigenous cultures and languages. It encourages the
Government to review and extend these activities in 2. 文化部
長和少數群體，以檢討成效並擴大推廣相
consultation with children, their families and minority 3. 原民會
關活動。 communities. 4. 客委會
九、特別保護措施（第 22 條、第 30
條、第 32 條、第 33 條、第 35 I. Special protection measures (arts. 22, 30, 32,
條、第 36 條、第 37 條(b)至(d) 33, 34, 35, 36, 37 (b), (d) and 38 – 40)
項、第 38 條和第 38 至第 40 條）
原住民兒少（第 30 條） Indigenous children (art. 30)
87 委員會樂見政府為保護原住民兒少權利 The Review Committee welcomes the numerous measures 原民會 第 11 號一般性意
採取的許多措施，以及原住民族委員會扮 taken by the Government to protect the rights of indigenous 見
演的重要角色。 children and the important role played by the National （協辦：衛福
Council of Indigenous Peoples. 部（國健署）、
88 委員會建議政府持續與原住民族（包括兒 The Review Committee recommends that the Government 教育部）
少）合作，共同執行、監督和評估原住民 continue to implement, monitor and evaluate the
兒少權利特別保護措施的成效。委員會並 effectiveness of special measures to protect the rights of
indigenous children in collaboration with indigenous
建議政府應：
communities including children from such communities.
（1）推 動 降低 原住 民嬰 兒死 亡 率的 措 The Review Committee further recommends that the
施； Government pay special attention to:
（2）提供合格師資教授原住民兒少原住 (a) measures to reduce the infant mortality rate among
民語言； indigenous children;
（3）提供原住民兒少從偏鄉至都市求學 (b) the ability of indigenous children to receive instruction
in their indigenous language by appropriately qualified
所需的協助；
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（4）與部落合作創辦幼兒園，包括適切 teachers;
分配資源以及讓原住民參與幼兒園 (c) the assistance provided to indigenous children when
they move from rural to urban areas to undertake
的建設、人力配置與營運；
education;
（5）在原住民社區安排符合文化慣習的 (d) measures to support the development of preschools by
替代性照顧； tribal co-operatives, including the allocation of
（6）提供符合原住民文化的親職教育和 adequate resources and the involvement of indigenous
支持服務。 community members in the development, staffing and
operation of such preschools;
(e) supporting customary alternative care arrangements in
indigenous communities; and
(f) the provision of culturally appropriate parenting
education and support services.
童工（第 32 條） Child labour (art. 32)
89 委員會注意到部分報告指出，兒少（包含 The Review Committee notes with concern reports that 勞動部 1. 最低年齡公約
幼童）經常長時間工作，且/或處於可能對children, including younger children, are working in （第 138 號）
其健康與發展有害的工作環境。委員會建 conditions that often involve long hours and/or may be
harmful to their health and development. The Review 2. 最惡劣形式的
議政府：
Committee recommends that the Government: 童工勞動公約
（1）調查從事勞動的兒少人數，並依據 (a) collect data on the number of children working, （第 182 號）
工作性質、年齡、性別、是否具原 disaggregated according to the nature of the work, age,
住民身分及城鄉背景分類統計； gender and whether the child comes from an
（2）採取適當措施以保護這些兒少的權 indigenous, rural or urban background; and
利。 (b) take appropriate measures to protect the rights of such
children.
藥物濫用（第 33 條） Drug abuse (art. 33)
90 委員會樂見政府已採取各種防止藥物濫 The Review Committee welcomes the various measures 1. 法務部（彙
用的措施，例如地方政府設立毒品危害防 taken to prevent drug abuse, such as the establishment of 整）
制中心、辦理「向毒品說不」（反毒健康 local Abuse Prevention Centres and the project 2. 教育部
“say-no-to-drugs”, and the designation of medical treatment
32
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小學堂題庫教學）計畫，並指定醫療機構 institutions for the treatment of children addicted to drugs. 3. 衛福部（心
治療吸毒兒少。然而，委員會關切目前缺 However, the Review Committee is concerned at the lack of 口司）
乏數據證明這些措施的成效。 information on the effectiveness of these measures.
4. 衛福部（保
91 委員會建議政府定期評估這些措施是否 The Review Committee recommends that the Government
regularly conduct evaluations of the implementation of these 護司）
有效落實，並讓吸毒兒少參與，以便在必
要時調整或加強措施力度。此外，委員會 measures and their effectiveness with the involvement of 5. 內政部
child and adolescent drug users, in order to adjust or 6. 司法院）
建議政府視使用毒品為健康問題而非犯
strengthen these measures where necessary. In addition, the
罪。 Review Committee recommends that the Government treat
the use of drugs as a health problem and not as a crime.
性剝削及性虐待（第 34 條） Sexual exploitation and sexual abuse (art. 34)
92 委員會樂見 2015 年通過《兒童及少年性 The Review Committee welcomes the adoption in 2015 of 衛福部（保護 聯合國經濟及社
剝削防制條例》 （2017 年 1 月 1 日生效）， the Child and Youth Sexual Exploitation Prevention Act, 司） 會理事會關於兒
以及防制兒少性交易與強化性犯罪調查 which entered into force on 1 January 2017, and the related 童被害人兼證人
的相關計畫。不過，委員會擔心，針對性 plans for the prevention of sex trade involving children and 之司法問題的第
for the reinforcement of sex crimes investigations. However, （協辦：司法
剝削或性虐待受害兒少的緊急安置可以 2005/20 號決議
the Review Committee is concerned that an emergency
延長很長一段時間，但不清楚延長的理由 placement of a child victim of sexual exploitation or sexual 院、內政部、
是什麼。此外，委員會關切在性虐待受害 abuse can be extended for a long period of time while it is 法務部）
兒少作證指控犯罪嫌疑人的司法（刑事） not clear what the grounds for the extension are.
程序中，相關保護措施並不總是完全符合 Furthermore, the Review Committee is concerned that the
國際人權標準及建議。 protection of a child victim of sexual abuse as a witness in a
judicial (criminal) proceedings against the alleged
perpetrator is not always in full compliance with
international human rights standards and recommendations.
93 委員會建議政府以法律明定延長性剝削 The Review Committee recommends that the Government
或性虐待受害兒少緊急安置的理由，並於 specify by law the grounds for the extension of an
必要時審查及修正保護受害兒少於司法 emergency placement of a child victim of sexual
程序作證的現行規定，以符合《關於買賣 exploitation or sexual abuse, and that it review and amend,
where necessary, the existing provisions on the protection of
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兒童、兒童賣淫和兒童色情問題任擇議定 child victims as witnesses in judicial proceedings in order to
書》第 8 條及聯合國經濟及社會理事會關 comply with the rules set in article 8 Optional Protocol on
於兒童被害人兼證人之司法問題的第 the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child
Pornography and the recommendations in Resolution
2005/20 號決議。
2005/20 of the UN Economic and Social Council on Justice
in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime.
拘留條件（第 37 條） Conditions of detention (art. 37)
94 委員會對被剝奪自由的兒少遭受不當對 The Review Committee is concerned by reports of the 1. 法務部（彙 《聯合國保護被
待的報告感到關切，並建議政府採取有效 mistreatment of children while deprived of their liberty and 整） 剝奪自由少年規
措施，以確保： recommends that the Government take effective measures to
ensure: 2. 內政部 則》（《哈瓦那規
（1）完全遵守公約第 37 條和《聯合國保 (a) full compliance with article 37 of the Convention and 則》）
護被剝奪自由少年規則》（《哈瓦那 the UN Rules on the Protection of Juveniles Deprived （協辦：衛福
規則》）； of their Liberty;
部（保護司））
（2）教育所有與被剝奪自由兒少工作者 (b) that all staff working with children deprived of their
是類兒少應有的權利；以及 liberty are informed about the rights of such children;
and
（3）充分調查所有被剝奪自由兒少遭受 (c) that all allegations of mistreatment of children deprived
不當對待之指控。 of their liberty are fully investigated.
少年司法（第 40 條） Juvenile justice (art. 40)
95 委員會表達讚賞並注意到政府為防止少 The Review Committee notes with appreciation the 司法院
年犯罪所採取的措施，並根據《少年事件 measures taken by the Government to prevent juvenile
處理法》建立結構良好的少年司法體系。 delinquency and the establishment, based on the Juvenile
Delinquency Act, of a well-structured juvenile justice
然而委員會關切的是：
system. However, the Review Committee is concerned with:
（1）《少年事件處理法》使用不同的年 (a) the use of different age limits and categories in the
齡限制和類別，導致少年（犯罪） Juvenile Delinquency Act which lead to the appearance
司法統計數據出現 7-12 歲的兒童， of children aged 7 to 12 in the juvenile (criminal)
且因最低刑事責任年齡（MACR） justice statistics, and the lack of clarity regarding
為 14 歲，使 12 歲和 13 歲的少年不 children aged 12 and 13 due to the fact that the
34
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明確； minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) is set
（2）將兒少偏差行為視為犯罪，使其在 at 14;
(b) criminalizing problematic behaviour of children by
刑法中成為虞犯，並且；
including such behaviour in the criminal law as status
（3）事實上，在整個少年司法程序中缺 offences; and
乏對違法兒少的法律或其他協助， (c) the de facto lack of legal or other assistance to children
因為在大多數情況下都需要支付法 and juveniles in conflict with the criminal law
律扶助費用。 throughout the juvenile justice proceedings, due to the
fact that legal assistance has to be paid for in most
instances.
96 根據聯合國兒童權利委員會第 10 號一般 In light of the CRC Committee’s General Comment No 10 1. 司法院 1. 第 10 號一般
性意見，有關司法兒少之權利，委員會建 on Children’s Rights in Juvenile Justice, the Review 2. 衛福部（保 性意見
議政府將少年司法系統與《CRC》及其他 Committee recommends that the Government bring the 護司、心口 2. 第 20 號一般
juvenile justice system fully into line with the CRC and
相關標準充分一致。委員會特別建議政
other relevant standards. In particular, the Review 司、社家 性意見
府： Committee recommends that the Government: 署）
（1）依 《 兒童 及少 年福 利與 權 益保 障 (a) deal with children below the age of 14 who have been
法》 、而非《少年事件處理法》處理 alleged as, accused of or recognized as having infringed 3. 教育部
14 歲以下遭控觸犯刑法的兒少，並 the criminal law, under the Protection of Children and 4. 內政部
通過必要的立法程序讓其生效； Youth Welfare and Rights Act and not under the 5. 法務部
Juvenile Delinquency Act, and undertake the necessary
（2）廢除虞犯，並透過《兒童及少年福 legislative and other measures to that effect;
利與權益保障法》提供有偏差行為 (b) abolish status offences and provide children with
之兒童必要的支持與保護； problematic behaviour with the necessary support and
（3）確保觸犯刑法之兒少自一開始並於 protection in the context of the Protection of Children
所有法律程序中，均獲得合格和獨 and Youth Welfare and Rights Act;
立的法律扶助； (c) ensure the provision of qualified and independent legal
aid to children in conflict with the criminal law from the
（4）依法律規定，由法院/法官定期檢視 beginning, and throughout the legal proceedings;
審前拘留，頻率以兩週一次為佳， (d) require by law that pre-trial detention is reviewed
以確保審前 拘留不會 超過必要時 regularly by a court/judge, preferably every two weeks,
35
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間； in order to ensure that pre-trial detention does not last
（5）確保剝奪自由之刑罰為最後手段。 any longer than is strictly necessary; and
(e) ensure that sentences involving deprivation of liberty
are a measure of last resort.
97 委員會注意到少年司法體系缺乏修復式 The Review Committee notes that no restorative justice 司法院
正義機制，且轉向措施有限。委員會建議 mechanism is in place within the juvenile justice system and
政 府 探 討 引 進 修 復 式 正 義 措 施 的 可 能 there are limited diversionary measures. The Review
Committee recommends that the Government explore the
性，並於法庭訴訟前落實轉向措施。
possibility of introducing restorative justice measures and
promote genuine diversionary measures which occur before
court proceedings.
十、宣傳 J. Dissemination
98 委員會建議以國內各種語言廣為宣傳首 The Review Committee recommends that the initial report, 衛福部（社家
次國家報告、問題清單書面回應及本結論 the written replies to the list of issues and the present 署）
性意見。 concluding observations be made widely available in the
languages of the country.
36
附件 2
中華民國（臺灣）兒童權利公約首次國家報告結論性意見
各權責機關落實結論性意見後續行動回應表（草案）
【填表說明】
各權責機關落實結論性意見後續行動回應表
點 結論性意見 權責
問題分析 目標 行動方案 兒權指標
次 中文 英文 機關
（一） 問題分析：應依公約條文及兒童權利委員會一般性意見，檢視首次國家報告、NGO 報告、兒少報告、國際審查會議問答內容、現行
執行相關措施及執行成效（應盡可能提供統計數據）等，分析國際審查委員提出本點之原因，該項權利目前在國內落實之缺失，以
及影響落實之因素及困難。
（二） 目標：應依據問題分析內容並回應結論性意見所提缺失，針對問題訂定具體改善目標，並可提出數項子目標。
（三） 行動方案：應依目標訂定具體措施、計畫、行動或方案等，該行動方案應符合 SMART 原則：針對問題、可測量、可達成、與目標
相關聯並標明時程。
（四） 兒權指標：為建構我國兒權指標並落實結論性意見，擬參採聯合國人權指標架構，各權責機關撰擬行動方案時應考量在指標架構概
念下，如何落實各項兒童權利，並應依行動方案選擇要擬定之兒權指標，指標分為三層次，說明如下：
1. 結構指標（S）：政府是否批准相關人權公約、國內相關法律及政府制度、組織、政策等均屬本指標範疇，本指標著重政府在法律
和制度層面如何落實各項權利。例如：是否要訂定新法或修訂法律、命令。
2. 過程指標（P）：政府為促進或保障相關權利採取相應作為，包括政府辦理相關措施、計畫、行動或方案等，本指標著重政府於執
行層面如何具體作為以落實各項權利。應由行動方案中挑選較關鍵、重要之措施，轉化為量化指標。
3. 成果指標（O）：政府實施相關措施、計畫、行動或方案後，其所產生之成果、效益或產出，本指標著重政府採行相關作為後，
個人或受益群體層面各項權利的改善狀況。挑選足以反應改善狀況之結果，轉化為量化指標。
1
資料來源:CRC 兒童權利公約資訊網 · 轉換工具:pdftotext -layout -enc UTF-8 · doc_id: 7010A00D-ABFB-481F-B52C-291FE70BCEB2