兒少人權監督平台

來源 PDF: 34_20220804093021_4774923.pdf

List of Issues re the 2nd Report of Taiwan on the implementation of the CRC

13 July 2022

This is the list of issues on which clarifying information is requested in relation

to the content of the Second Report. Issues raised are therefore not necessarily

indicative of special concern in relation to other issues covered in the Report

Chapter I: General Measures of Implementation

Para. 7 and 4. Please provide information on the progress made in amending

Implementation Act of the CRC so that it enables precedence over conflicting

domestic law. Please explain in more detail the position regarding ratification

of the Optional Protocols to the CRC on the Children Involved in Armed

Conflicts and on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child

Pornography, specifying in particular if any elements of either Protocol would

cause problems for full implementation in Taiwan.

Para. 17. Please give further information on the National Plan of Action for

children 2021-2025 regarding its development, endorsement,

comprehensiveness, vision, goals, targets, budget, implementation

mechanism and regular evaluation.

Para. 18. Please provide additional information on the nature and outreach

of the Child Rights Group as the child coordination mechanism, especially

regarding its institutional capacities and regular function.

Para. 21. Please provide information on plans to rebalance budget allocations

to children, to provide more resources for social protection, child friendly

justice, the child’s access to good quality counseling services and child

protection from violence and harmful practices.

Para. 24 and 25. Please specify role of international organizations and other

countries in international cooperation and explain how do children in ROC

benefit from exchange of knowledge and information.

Para. 26. Please provide information on the effectiveness of the National

Human Rights Commission in overall promotion of the rights of the child and

in addressing cases of violation of the rights of the child, in light of the basic

requirements for a visible, child friendly, accessible, and well budgeted child

rights

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 Para. 33 and 34. Please provide additional information on plans to extend

training and education on the rights of the child to all professionals dealing

with children, including social work, teachers, medical profession, informal

education as well as to parents, caretakers, young children and youth.

Please provide information on the mechanism for regular monitoring of the

implementation of the Convention of the Rights of the child. Please provide

an update on the impact assessment that started in 2021.

Please provide information on children’s access to justice, including to

criminal, civil and administrative proceedings, in view of equal and affordable

access and availability of effective, child-sensitive procedures for children and

their representatives, which includes provision of child-friendly information,

advice, advocacy, including support for self-advocacy, and access to

independent complaints procedures and to the courts with necessary legal

and other assistance.

Please elaborate on the procedures available for receiving complaints from

children in relation to education, social care, juvenile justice and health and

explain how these are independent, confidential, accessible and child friendly

and how do children realize their right to a remedy.

Chapter II: Definition of the child.

No specific issues

Chapter III: General Principles

Para. 53. Please provide further details as to how the promotion of gender

equality is monitored in schools and not left to the discretion of schools and

teachers.

Para. 56. Please provide further details as to how the obligations in the

Education Act for Indigenous Peoples 2019 are monitored and enforced.

Para. 68. Please clarify how the causes of child deaths (including suicides) are

recorded, whether and how they are investigated and provide an explanation

for the very high infant mortality rates in some counties.

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 Para. 69 (b). Please provide further information as to what measures are

being taken to reduce the danger to child pedestrians/ cyclists from traffic

related injury. How are drop-off zones/ pedestrian areas determined and

enforced?

Para. 73. and 80. Please provide further details as to how the participation in

local government and in the curriculum review is working? Please include

details about how children are selected to participate and what steps are

taken to ensure that the groups are as representative as possible. Please

provide examples of how participation is monitored and what impact, if any,

children had on policy and practice.

Chapter IV: Civil rights and freedoms

Para. 45. In the media classification there are two categories, Parental

guidance – 12 and Parental guidance- 15, which mean that programs with this

label are not suitable for viewing by children respectively under the age of 12

and under the age of 15. What does “parental guidance” mean in this context?

Para. 47. Children age 16 or older can become a member of a political party.

Does this include that they will have voting rights in the context of the political

party and that they can become a candidate for the political party in local and

national elections?

Para. 95. Mobile broadband penetration is stated to have reached 126.1%

which indicates that there are more subscribers than the population of

Taiwan. But this does necessarily mean that all children have access to the

internet? Please clarify the percentage of children who have access to the

internet; whether the quality of that internet connection is effective for

purposes such as online learning and if there are gaps in internet access and

quality, which cohorts of children and more likely to experience such gaps.

Para. 97. Please clarify whether any measures have been taken to assess the

effectiveness of the filtering systems adopted on the Taiwan Academic

Network to regulate content not suitable for children and youth, and whether

there is a central governmental body with responsibility for protecting

children from harmful content and practices such as cyber bullying, grooming

and violations of privacy on the internet and other forms of media.

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 Para. 101. With regards to children’s organizations, please clarify whether

children can establish their own organizations or become members of a civil

society organization.

Para. 106. Please clarify the circumstances under which a health examination

of a student can be undertaken in a school including the process for

determining consent and the circumstances when it could ever be considered

appropriate to examine a student’s genitals.

Para. 107. Please clarify whether the regulations concerning privacy for

children and youth in placement institutions confirm with the relevant

international standards such as the United Nations Rules for the Protection

of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty or the UN Guidelines for the Alternative

Care of Children.

Chapter V : Protection of children from violence

Para. 110. Please provide more information on legal definitions of the abuse

and neglect, as well as information on the contents of the trainings on

prevention and treatment of victims of abuse and neglect.

Also, please provide more information on research and analysis (other than

statistical data) that point to the root causes of abuse and neglect and

solutions to incidents of abuse and neglect within families of young children,

children with disabilities, and children of minority groups.

Please explain effects of the Strengthening Social Safety Network Program,

highlighting areas of progress as well as factors and difficulties that hamper

its realization.

Para. 129-133. Please explain discrepancies in information on reporting and

addressing violence in schools, state care, penitentiary, correctional and

other state institutions.

Please provide information on any research that analysis ratio between

violence occurrence and reported cases.

Please provide information on analysis of barriers that prevent children and

others to report violence in any setting.

Para. 118-120. Please provide information on the further measures taken to

make the content of the Child and Youth Sexual Exploitation Prevention Act

known to children, parents and relevant professionals.

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 Furthermore, please provide information on the measures taken to provide

relevant professionals with training to understand the Act and on how it

should be implemented.

Para. 126 (Attachment 5-23). Please provide your views on the increase of

cases of sexual abuse of children in schools and in placement institutions

despite the activities taken by Taiwan in the recent years.

In addition, please elaborate on the information that the numbers might

even be higher since victims tend to endure sexual violence “silently” and

schools and institutions often “refuse or resist investigations.”

Para. 137. As Taiwan faces increase of sexual violence that occurs online,

including high incidents of cyber bullying, please provide information on legal

protection and assistance to victims in such cases, in particular victims of

online grooming.

Para. 140. As an indication that a child has been exposed to violence

represents an important opportunity for protection, justice and recovery,

please provide information on efforts to protect children victims and

witnesses of crime by enabling their safe and confidential participation in the

proceedings.

Please provide information on how protection of child victims and witnesses

of crime is understood as shared responsibility of many different actors

including medical and psychological support.

Finally, could you please explain your plans to integrate child protection,

medical interventions, therapeutic interventions and criminal investigation

and the investigative child interview, enabling multidisciplinary approach in a

child friendly and participatory environment, inclusion, professionalism, and

interagency collaboration.

Para. 121-125. Could you please provide more information on legal and

administrative measures to provide recovery and social reintegration of

children victims of violence, in particular sexual exploitation, child

pornography and child prostitution, as well as the victims of trafficking for

sexual exploitation?

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 Please provide additional information on availability of helplines for children,

their accessibility, effectiveness and evaluation of their overall place in

assisting children victims of violence.

Chapter VI: Family environment and alternative care

Para. 92. Please specify the categories of information lawfully required and

held by the Child and Juvenile Adoption Information Centre and the

conditions under which such information can be accessed, including by the

child or adult adoptees concerned. Please clarify if this database covers both

domestic and intercountry adoptions as well as, currently or potentially,

donor-conceived children and those born through surrogacy arrangements if

these children’s data are not being held in an analogous entity. Please also

describe any guidance and/or support available for adoptees and others

seeking to establish their origins through the Centre.

Alternative care

Para. 152 + 165. Please clarify if the decision-making mechanism to avoid

unnecessary placements (gatekeeping) applies only to cases where

parents/guardians/other interested parties are the prospective

commissioners or may also apply to certain other cases initiated by, e.g.,

social services or residential care providers.

Para. 159. Understanding that the 2019 Act has, inter alia, established an

order in which placement options are to be considered – from kinship,

through foster care to residential care – please indicate if decision-makers are

provided with clear criteria when asked to assess which option to propose.

Please also clarify the nature and role of “group home services” which appear

to be the final option to be considered if foster care and ordinary residential

care are eliminated (§ 162).

Para.160. Bearing in mind § 17 of this Second Report, please clarify if the

alternative care policies finalized in 2021 are considered to constitute a fully-

fledged part of a National Plan of Action (2021-2025) on this question and if

they include a strategy for the progressive de-institutionalization of

alternative care provision, as recommended in our Concluding Observation #

45 (2017).

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 Para. 163. Please indicate the proportion of State and non-State residential

facilities inspected that have received an “A” grade and the number of such

facilities whose closure has been ordered after failing to respond adequately

to guidance measures for those assessed as “C” or “D” grades.

Para. 166. Please clarify if any extension(s) of a court-ordered placement

beyond the initial 1 year maximum must also be approved by a court.

Adoption

Para. 174. Please specify if the Civil Code sets out the grounds – other than

the best interests of the child in general – that can justify the termination of

an adoption, and in that case, in particular, if such grounds include “better

conditions being available with the original family” and “requests by the

biological father that a child’s original surname be restored”. Please also

specify which persons are competent to submit an application to terminate

an adoption.

Illicit transfer

Para. 179. Please give an estimate of the proportion of total cases of illicit

transfer of children abroad that would be covered by the Memorandum of

Understanding with the USA.

Children with mothers in prison

Para. 180-182. In addition to the information already given here in relation to

the detention of pregnant women and facilities for children accompanying

their mothers in detention, please indicate if there are any sentencing

guidelines or other official texts that encourage or allow for alternatives to a

custodial sentence for women with young children.

Chapter VII: Disability, basic health and welfare

Para. 184. Beyond the measures listed in paras 212 and 213, please clarify

whether any additional measures have been taken to address any gaps in the

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 availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality of physical and mental

health care services for children in rural areas relative to urban areas.

Para. 186. COVID-19: Beyond the payment of an additional stipend to some

families, please specify whether any additional special measures were

adopted to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on children and their families in

terms of prevention; treatment and measures to address any ongoing

physical and mental health consequences.

Para. 205. Please clarify whether the increase in the training of medical

specialists is sufficient to meet the specialist health needs of children and

youth particularly among Indigenous children and children in off shore areas.

Para. 216. Please clarify whether in efforts to combat childhood obesity (a)

children have been involved in the development and evaluation of these

policies, and (b) any measures have been adopted to regulate the conduct of

food producers by for, example, mandating certain packaging information

such as health star ratings or imposing restrictions on advertising.

Para. 217. Please clarify whether any special measures are taken to enable

the participation of children with disabilities in sporting activities within

school and outside school and whether any data is collected on the number

of children (those with and without a disability) involved in sporting activities

outside of school and whether this data is disaggregated according to age,

gender, location and socioeconomic status.

Para. 219. Please clarify whether the increase in mental care services for

children and young people satisfies the demand for these services and

whether any disaggregated data is collected on the number of children

suffering from mental health conditions.

Para. 221-222. Please clarify whether any longitudinal disaggregated data is

available on the rate of children and young people smoking traditional

cigarettes and electronic cigarettes and whether the sale and distribution of

both these types of products to children is illegal.

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 Para. 223. Please clarify the nature of the measures used in ‘multiple media’

to reduce alcohol consumption among young people and whether they have

been involved in efforts to develop policies to reduce the rate of drinking

among young people.

Para. 226-228. Please clarify how, in efforts to improve the understanding of

sexual and reproductive health, children and young people including children

who identify as LGBTIQ+ have been involved in both the development and

evaluation of these policies and guidelines.

Para. 229. Please clarify whether children and young people have access to

contraception and termination services in the event of an unwanted

pregnancy.

Para. 230-231. Please clarify whether the efforts to provide treatment for

children with drug addiction within juvenile correctional institutions, are

sufficient to meet the demand for such services.

Chapter VIII: Education, leisure and cultural activities

Please provide further details of the supports given to students with

disabilities and children in remote areas to ensure that they had continued

access to education, including access to online education during school

closures related to the pandemic. What is the plan for possible future

lockdowns?

Please provide details on policy/ measures taken to ensure that students are

not subjected to bullying from teachers and coaches.

Please provide further details on the numbers of children with disabilities in

mainstream schooling, the outcomes and attainment for these children and

the numbers and outcomes of any complaints made by parents/ guardians.

Para. 291-293. How are normal daily routines defined? How might a student

complain? Have there been any complaints by students and, if so, what were

the outcomes?

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Chapter IX: Special protective measures

Emergency situations

Para.301. Please indicate if the absence of a Refugee Act is the result of a

decision that existing legislation is adequate to respond to the situation of

refugees arriving in Taiwan or if other reasons explain that absence.

Para. 305. In relation to the question of street-connected children (street

children), please provide any available data or reasonable estimates

concerning the number of children living on the streets without parental

protection, and please specify their status in terms of the law (e.g. offenders,

persons in need of protection, etc.)

Children belonging to minorities or indigenous groups

Para. 312: please provide information about the number of workshops on

indigenous culture and cultural diversity provided by local governments and

the number of children participating in these workshops for the years 2019 -

2021. Who is the competent authority and what entails her/his supervision?

Economic exploitation/child labor

Attachment 9-6 provides statistics on children below the age of 15 who are

allowed by local competent authorities to work. Please provide information

about the conditions set by the local authorities or by the central government

allowing children under age 6, age 6 – 11 and 12 – 14 to work.

Para. 322: Can children (or their parents) use the 1955 Hotline 24 and the

1999 hotline for complaints about problems in their working conditions? If so

how many complaints were filed by children (their parents) to these hotlines

in the years 2019 – 2021.

Drug abuse

Please provide more information about measures undertaken to prevent

drug abuse by children who are not attending school.

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 The use of drugs is not dealt with by the juvenile courts, but children and

youth engaged in the production, selling and trafficking of illegal drugs can be

indicted. According to Attachment 9-13 in 2016 167 juvenile were indicted

and in 2020 249. Please provide information on how many of these indicted

juveniles were sentenced by the juvenile court and what were

sanctions/measures taken.

Prevention of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse

Please provide information on the legal grounds for the extension of the

placement of a child victim of sexual exploitation.

If the child is a victim of sexual abuse in the family, is it then possible to

remove the alleged perpetrator from the family home instead of placing the

child outside of the family home?

Para. 119. Who has the authority to ask the platform provider to remove

inappropriate images of children which appear online? What measures can

be taken if the provider refuses to remove the images?

Sale, trafficking and abduction.

Attachment 9-17. Provides statistics on sexually exploited children identified

as being trafficked. Please explain why more than 90% of these trafficked

children are Taiwan nationals and what kind of trafficking they were subject

to.

Juvenile justice

Please clarify the position of children 12 or 13 years old in the juvenile justice

system. Children below the age of 12 who committed an offense are not dealt

with in the context of criminal law but under child protection. The minimum

age of criminal responsibility (MACR) is 14 years of age.

Para. 344 states: Only when the juvenile is at the age of 14 when committing

a crime the case may be addressed in criminal procedure. However

Attachment 9-23 on child and juvenile criminal delinquents subject to

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 placement and guidance imposed by district courts contains statistics on

children 12 and 13 years old (and on 14 – 17 years old).

Para 340 under (a). Children below age 12 who show deviant behavior do

receive inter alia counseling, but at the same time district courts transferred

118 children below the age of 12 to social affairs units in accordance with

juvenile justice act. Please explain why district courts are dealing with

children below the age of 12 and what the transfer to social affairs unit means

for the child.

Legal aid

Attachment 9-19 provides data on the number of juvenile protection and

criminal cases approved for aid by the legal aid foundation. Please provide

information about the criteria used by the foundation in approving legal aid.

Are they the same for both categories of cases? Is the foundation a State

agency? If legal aid for a juvenile offender is not approved, does that mean

that he/she will not have legal aid during the criminal law procedure?

Diversion/restorative justice

Para. 340 deals exclusively with children 7 – 12 years of age, please provide

information about the diversion practice regarding children and youth 12 –

18 years of age e.g on who decides to divert the child away from the

traditional juvenile justice proceedings and what kind of diversion measures

are available and who/what agency is in charge of implementing them.

Para. 354 on restorative justice: the consent of the victim is required to

transfer the juvenile to an institution for reform counseling. What happens if

that consent is not given? Please provide more information about the

practice of restorative justice.

Deprivation of liberty

Attachment 9-24. Please explain why children are transferred by juvenile

courts to placement institutions for placement, what does it mean and how

long can this placement last?

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 Attachment 9-28 provides information inter alia on average detention time

of youth who left the juvenile detention houses. Please explain what it means

that in 2020 23 children below the age 12 left the juvenile detention houses

(See also attachment 5 -32 with different statistics)

The juvenile courts has to keep close contact with the juvenile detention

center in order to continuously asses the necessity of the detention. Please

provide information about inter alia the frequency and nature of the contacts

with the center and the child and about the way the judge assesses the

necessity of continuing the detention.

Para. 362 The court can terminate the placement and is that at any time? Are

there specific grounds in the law for this termination?

With reference to attachment 5-33, please provide information about the

purpose and nature of religious instruction and individual counseling of

children in correctional institutions.

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來源 PDF: 34_20221013180812_5549472.pdf

中華民國第二次國家報告

兒童權利公約審查委員會之問題清單

本問題清單係為釐清第二次報告內容相關資訊。故所提出之問題，不必然

表示對該報告所涵蓋之其他問題有特別考量。

第一章：一般執行措施

1.1 第 7 點及第 4 點。請說明《兒童權利公約施行法》修法進度，俾使《兒

童權利公約》與國內法律牴觸時，得優先適用。

請詳加解釋貴國對於加入《關於兒童捲入武裝衝突問題之兒童權利公

約任擇議定書》及《關於買賣兒童、兒童賣淫和兒童色情問題之兒童權

利公約任擇議定書》的立場，並特別說明，如在貴國全面施行任一議定

書，可能產生的問題。

1.2 第 17 點。請進一步說明 2021 年至 2025 年兒童國家行動計畫之發展、

認可、完整性、願景、目的、目標、預算、施行機制與定期評估。

1.3 第 18 點。請補充說明行政院兒童及少年福利與權益推動小組作為一個

兒少政策協調機制，其性質與範圍為何，特別是關於該機制的運作量

能及常規功能。

1.4 第 21 點。請說明政府如何再平衡對兒少的預算分配，以提供更多資源

在社會保護1、友善兒少的司法制度、優質的輔導服務、以及保護兒少

免受暴力及有害做法2的侵害。

1.5 第 24 點及第 25 點。請具體說明國際組織與他國在國際合作之角色，

並說明貴國兒少如何在國際交流知識與資訊的過程中受益。

1.6 第 26 點。請說明國家人權委員會在全面促進兒少權利及處理侵犯兒少

權利案件的有效性，且符合兒童權利強調可讓兒少看見、友善兒少、

具可近性及充足預算的基本要求。

1

社會保護 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_protection

2

有害做法，參閱 CRC 第 18 號一般性意見

1

1.7 第 33 點及第 34 點。請補充說明如何擴大兒童權利教育訓練計畫，對

象包括處理兒少事務的所有專業人員（如社工、教師、醫療專業）、

非正式教育3人員（如父母、照顧者）以及兒少。

1.8 請說明落實《兒童權利公約》之定期評估機制。並更新兒少權利影響

評估 2021 年起的執行情形。

1.9 請說明國家如何保障兒少訴諸司法（access to justice4）的權利，無論在

刑事、民事及行政訴訟，都能為兒少及其代理人提供平等及可負擔的

管道，使其獲得有效及體貼兒少的訴訟程序，並提供友善兒少的資訊、

建議及倡儀，包括對兒少自我倡議的支持；且能提供必要的法律及其

他協助，保障兒少獨立申訴及訴諸法院的權利。

1.10 請詳述現行有哪些程序，可受理兒少對教育、社會照顧、少年司法與

健康議題的申訴。並解釋這些申訴程序的獨立性、保密性、可近性、

友善性，以及如何讓兒少明白他們救濟的權利。

第二章：兒少之定義

無特別問題。

第三章：一般性原則

3.1 第 53 點。請進一步說明如何監督學校是否落實性別平等，而非授權學

校與教師自行評斷成效。

3.2 第 56 點。請進一步說明 2019 年修訂《原住民族教育法》後，政府如

何監督及執行其法定事項（義務）。

3.3 第 68 點。請釐清兒童死因（含自殺）之記錄方式，是否有進行調查？

調查方式為何？並說明部分縣市嬰兒死亡率極高之原因。

3

非正式教育 https://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1307125/

4

Access to justice，訴諸司法，https://www.un.org/ruleoflaw/thematic-areas/access-to-justice-and-

rule-of-law-institutions/access-to-justice/

2

3.4 第 69 點(b)。請進一步說明，為降低兒少在行走、騎自行車時遭受交通

危險的傷害，政府有採取哪些措施？如何決定（區隔）上下車接送區

及行人徒步區，以及如何執行？

3.5 第 73 點及第 80 點。請進一步說明兒少參與地方政府公共事務與學校

課綱審議之方式。包括如何遴選兒少，以及採取哪些步驟盡可能地確

保參與的兒少具代表性。請舉例說明，如何監督參與情形以及兒少對

政策與實務之影響力。

第四章：公民權與自由

4.1 第 45 點。媒體分級有「輔導十二歲級」（未滿 12 歲不宜觀賞）、「輔

導十五歲級」（未滿 15 歲不宜觀賞），表示符合該分級之節目不適宜

未滿 12 歲或 15 歲兒少觀賞。在此脈絡中，「輔導級」的定義為何？

4.2 第 47 點。年滿 16 歲之兒少得加入政黨，是否表示其擁有政黨的投票

權，並得在地方與國家選舉中，代表該政黨參選。

4.3 第 95 點。貴國行動寬頻滲透率達 126.1%，表示總用戶數多於總人口

數。但這一定表示所有兒少都能上網嗎？請釐清兒少可上網之百分比；

對於線上學習等目的之使用，網路連線品質的效果好嗎？倘在上網管

道及品質有落差，哪一類兒少群體更容易經歷這樣的落差？

4.4 第 97 點。請釐清貴國學術網路所採用的兒少不宜內容過濾系統，有否

採取任何措施評估其有效性；中央政府是否有主管機關負責保護兒少

免受網路內容及行為的傷害，如網路霸凌、以及透過網路及其他形式

的媒體進行誘騙及侵犯隱私等。

4.5 第 101 點。就兒少組織方面，請釐清兒少是否可自行成立組織，或成

為公民社團組織成員。

4.6 第 106 點。請釐清在什麼情況下學校可以對學生進行健康檢查，包括

確定學生同意的程序，以及在什麼情況下，檢查學生生殖器被認為是

適當的。

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4.7 第 107 點。請釐清關於兒少安置機構隱私權的規範，是否符合相關國

際標準，如《聯合國保護被剝奪自由少年規則》或《聯合國兒童替代

性照顧準則》等。

第五章：保護兒少免受暴力侵害

5.1 第 110 點。請補充說明虐待及疏忽的法律定義，以及兒少虐待、疏忽

預防與處遇的訓練內容。

並說明是否有針對造成虐待及疏忽的根本原因進行相關研究及分析

（非統計資料），以及如何解決幼兒、身心障礙兒少、少數族群兒少遭

受家內虐待與疏忽的問題。

請說明強化社會安全網計畫之成效、重要進展，以及妨礙其實現之因素

與困難。

5.2 第 129 點至第 133 點。請說明校園、國家照顧、監獄、矯正機關及其

他國家機構在通報及處理兒少遭受暴力案件的差異。

對於暴力發生事件有被通報的占比，請提供相關研究分析。

對於任何場域發生的暴力事件，阻止兒少本人和其他人通報的障礙為

何？請提供相關分析資料。

5.3 第 118 點至第 120 點。請說明是否有採取進一步的措施，讓兒童、家

長及相關專業人員知道《兒童及少年性剝削防制條例》的內容。

此外，請說明相關專業人員訓練措施，使其能瞭解該條例如何執行。

5.4 第 126 點（附件 5-23）。雖然政府近幾年來已有所作為，但兒少在校

園及安置機構發生的性侵害案件數仍有增加，政府的看法為何？

此外，因為受害人傾向以「沉默」的態度忍受性暴力，且學校及機構經

常會「拒絕或抗拒調查」，所以可能會有很多黑數，對此，請詳加說明。

5.5 第 137 點。對於網路性暴力的增加，包括多起網路霸凌事件，請說明

政府對是類案件受害者有提供什麼法律保護及協助，尤其是網路性誘

騙受害者。

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5.6 第 140 點。發現兒少遭受暴力，是保護兒少、為其伸張正義以及協助

兒少復原的重要機會，請說明政府如何透過讓兒少安全及保密地參與

訴訟，努力保護受害及目睹犯罪的兒少。

請說明政府如何讓許多不同專業人員（包括醫療及心理支持人員）理解：

保護受害及目睹犯罪的兒少，是大家共同的責任。

最後，請解釋政府如何整合兒少保護、醫療介入、治療介入、刑事調查

以及對兒少的調查性訪談，並在友善兒少及參與的環境中，以包容、專

業及跨網絡合作的方式啟動多元的服務。

5.7 第 121 點至第 125 點。請補充說明對於遭受暴力的兒少被害者，特別

是遭受性剝削、兒童色情及賣淫、以及性剝削的人口販運被害者，政

府有哪些協助他們復原及復歸社會的法律及行政措施？

請補充說明兒少是否可使用相關求助專線，這些求助專線的可近性，及

其在協助暴力受害兒少整體地位的評估及有效性。

第六章：家庭環境與替代性照顧

6.1 第 92 點。請具體說明兒童及少年收養資訊中心依法應保存的資訊種

類，以及取得這些資訊的條件為何？包括相關的兒少或成年被收養人。

請釐清該資料庫是否同時包含國內與跨國收養案件；目前或未來是否

有可能納入精卵捐贈受孕及代理孕母生產兒童的資料，當這些兒童的

資料不會被類似的組織保存時。並請描述對於被收養人及其他有意透

過該中心確認身世者，有提供什麼指引及支持？

替代性照顧

6.2 第 152 點及第 165 點。請釐清：避免不必要安置的決策機制（守門人）

是否僅適用於家長／監護人／其他利害關係人為委託安置者，抑或可

適用某些其他情況，例如由社會服務或住宿式照顧提供者申請安置的

個案。

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6.3 第 159 點。瞭解 2019 年修訂《兒童及少年福利與權益保障法》，確立

了應考量的安置優先順序，從親屬安置、寄養家庭至住宿式照顧（安

置機構），請說明決策者在評估安置選項時，是否有明確的基準可供

參循。並請釐清，倘去除寄養或一般機構照顧的選項，「團體家庭」

顯然成為最後選擇時，其性質及角色為何？（第 162 點）。

6.4 第 160 點。銘記本（第二次）報告第 17 點的國家行動計畫，請釐清：

2021 年核定之替代性照顧政策是否可被視為構成國家行動計畫（2021

年至 2025 年）關於該問題的完整部分，以及該政策是否包括 2017 年

結論性意見第 45 點建議逐步去機構化的替代性照顧策略。

6.5 第 163 點。請說明公立及私立兒少安置及教養機構評鑑甲等以上的比

率，以及評鑑結果為丙等及丁等的機構，輔導改善未果時被命其停辦

的數量。

6.6 第 166 點。請說明如果法院裁定安置最長為 1 年，如需延期，是否也

應聲請法院同意。

收養

6.7 第 174 點。請具體說明《民法》有規定哪些理由可終止收養，除了基

於兒少最佳利益外，特別是當這些理由為「原生家庭情況好轉」及「生

父要求恢復孩子原姓」時，尚請具體說明說明哪些人有資格聲請終止

收養。

非法移轉

6.8 第 179 點。請估計非法移轉至海外的兒少人數中，屬台美合作處理跨

國父母擅帶兒少離家瞭解備忘錄之兒少占比為何？

隨母入監兒童

6.9 第 180 點至第 182 點。除本報告已就孕婦拘留及隨母入監（所）兒童

相關設施提供的資訊外，請說明是否有任何判決指引或其他官方文件

鼓勵或允許攜子（女）入監婦女有其他替代方案。

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第七章：身心障礙、基本健康與福利

7.1 第 184 點。除第 212 點及第 213 點所列措施外，請釐清是否有採取其

他附加措施，解決兒少身心健康照顧服務在可獲性、可近性、可接受

性與品質方面的城鄉差距。

7.2 第 186 點。COVID-19：除對部分家庭提供額外津貼，請具體說明在預

防方面，是否有採取任何附加的特殊措施來減輕 COVID-19 對兒少及

其家庭的影響；以及處理任何持續影響身心健康結果的治療和措施。

7.3 第 205 點。請釐清對於醫療專業人員增加的訓練，是否足以因應兒少

專業（或專科）健康需求，特別是原住民及離島兒少。

7.4 第 216 點。請釐清兒童肥胖防治工作中：（a）兒童是否參與此等政策

之制定與評估；且（b）是否採取任何措施規範食品製造商之行為，例

如藉由強制納入特定包裝資訊，如健康星級評等或對廣告實施限制。

7.5 第 217 點。請釐清是否已採取特別措施，使身心障礙兒少參與校內外

體育活動，且是否蒐集任何關於參與校外體育活動兒少（無論是否為

身心障礙）人數之數據，以及該數據是否依據年齡、性別、地點及社

經狀況分類統計。

7.6 第 219 點。請釐清對於兒少增加的心理照顧服務，是否能滿足兒少對

於這些服務的需求，以及對有心理健康困擾的兒童，是否有蒐集相關

數據並分類統計。

7.7 第 221 點至第 222 點。請釐清有關兒少使用傳統紙菸及電子煙之比率，

是否有長期性的分類統計數據，又，販售或供應兒童這兩種產品是否

違法？

7.8 第 223 點。請釐清運用「多元媒體」措施降低年輕族群飲酒量之性質

為何？以及是類降低飲酒率的政策規劃，有否邀請年輕族群參與。

7.9 第 226 點至第 228 點。請釐清在改善對性健康與生殖健康之工作上，

含 LGBTIQ+在內之兒少，如何參與此等政策與指引之擬定與評估。

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7.10 第 229 點。請釐清兒少是否有管道取得避孕措施，及非預期懷孕時的

終止妊娠服務。

7.11 第 230 點至第 231 點。請釐清少年矯正機構內提供藥物成癮兒少治療

之工作，是否充分滿足此等服務之需求。

第八章：教育休閒與文化活動

8.1 請進一步詳細說明如何支持及確保身心障礙及偏鄉兒少能持續接受教

育，包括在疫情期間無法到校，是否能持續接受網路教學。未來如果

封城，有何計畫？

8.2 請提供相關細節，說明政府有採取什麼政策及措施，確保學生不受教

師及教練的霸凌。

8.3 請進一步說明主流教育中身心障礙兒少的人數，這些兒少的教育成果

及成就，家長／監護人申訴案件的數量與結果。

8.4 第 291 點至第 293 點。如何定義正常作息？學生如何申訴？是否有學

生提出申訴？如有，結果為何？

第九章：特別保護措施

緊急狀況

9.1 第 301 點。請說明未制定《難民法》，是否係因難民進入貴國後的處

境，現行已有相關法律足以因應，抑或尚有其他未制定之理由。

9.2 第 305 點。關於街頭兒少的問題，請針對無家長保護而流落街頭兒少

之人數，提供任何既有數據或合理估計，並請敘明其法律狀態（如罪

犯、需保護者等）。

少數族群或原住民

9.3 第 312 點。請提供 2019 年至 2021 年地方政府辦理原住民族文化和多

元文化研習的數量以及兒童參加人數。誰是主管機關？有哪些督導措

施？

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經濟剝削/童工

9.4 附件 9-6 為地方主管機關許可未滿 15 歲兒少從事勞動的統計數據。請

提供地方或中央政府允許未滿 6 歲、6 歲至 11 歲、12 歲至 14 歲兒少

從事勞動的條件等相關規定。

9.5 第 322 點：兒少或其父母是否可以使用 24 小時 1955 專線和 1999 專線

投訴他們工作條件的問題？如可，2019 年至 2021 年期間，這二支專

線收到兒童及其父母投訴的案量為何？

藥物濫用

9.6 請提供更多資訊說明為防止未就學兒少濫用藥物而採取的措施。

9.7 少年法庭不處理少年施用毒品案件，但可以起訴製造、販賣及運輸非

法藥物的兒少。依據附件 9-13，2016 年有 167 名少年被起訴，2020 年

有 249 人。請說明這些被起訴的少年中有多少人被少年法庭判刑，以

及採取哪些制裁或措施。

防制性剝削與性虐待

9.8 請說明性剝削受害兒少依法可延長安置的事由。

9.9 如果兒少是家內性侵害事件的受害者，是否可以命加害嫌疑人遷出兒

少住家，而非將孩子帶離家外安置？

9.10 第 119 點。誰有權責要求網路平臺提供者移除兒少在網路上出現的不

當影像？如果提供者拒絕移除影像，可採取哪些措施？

販賣、非法交易或誘拐

9.11 附件 9-17 提供人口販運案件中遭受性剝削兒少統計數據。請解釋為

什麼 90%以上是本國人，他們遭受到什麼形式的人口販運？

兒少司法體系

9.12 請釐清 12 歲或 13 歲兒少在少年司法系統中的地位。未滿 12 歲兒童

犯罪不以刑法處理，而是以兒童保護方式處理。最低刑事責任年齡為

14 歲。

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9.13 第 344 點說明少年犯罪需滿 14 歲才依刑事程序。但附件 9-23 地方法

院安置輔導兒少犯罪的統計，有包含 12 歲、13 歲（以及 14 歲至 17

歲）兒少的數據。

9.14 第 340 點(a)。未滿 12 歲偏差行為兒童接受教育輔導，但地方法院同

時依《少年事件處理法》將 118 名未滿 12 歲兒童轉介至社政單位。

請解釋地方法院為何要處理未滿 12 歲兒童的案件，以及轉介社政單

位對兒童的意義為何？

司法轉向/修復式司法

9.15 附件 9-19 提供財團法人法律扶助基金會准予扶助的少年保護和刑事

案件數量。請說明該基金會在准予法律扶助時採用的標準。這兩種案

件是否相同？該基金會是否為國家機構？如果觸法少年的法律扶助

未獲准，是否表示他/她在刑事訴訟過程中不會獲得法律扶助？

9.16 第 340 點僅提供 7 歲至未滿 12 歲觸法兒童的教育輔導，請說明 12 歲

至 18 歲觸法少年的轉向輔導措施，例如誰決定將少年從傳統的少年

司法程序中轉向處置？少年可獲得何種轉向輔導措施？以及負責執

行的人員或單位為何？

9.17 第 354 點。關於修復式司法：將觸法少年轉移到相關機構進行矯正輔

導需得到被害人同意。但如果被害人不同意會發生什麼事？請提供更

多關於修復式司法執行的資訊。

剝奪自由

9.18 附件 9-24，請解釋少年法院為何將觸法少年交付兒少安置及教養機構

輔導，有何意義，可以安置多久？

9.19 附件 9-28 提供離開少年觀護所及矯正學校的平均收容時間等資訊。

請解釋 2020 年有 23 名未滿 12 歲兒童離開少年觀護所，意指為何？

（參見附件 5-32）

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9.20 少年法院需與少年觀護所保持密切聯繫，以持續評估收容之必要性。

請說明少年法院聯繫少年觀護所及少年的頻率及性質為何？以及法

官評估繼續收容必要性的方式。

9.21 第 362 點。法院得隨時終止安置嗎？終止安置依法是否需有特定事

由？

9.22 參照附件 5-33，請說明少年矯正機關對少年進行宗教教誨及個別輔導

的目的和性質。

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