兒少人權監督平台

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第一八二號公約：最惡劣形式兒童勞動、一九九九年

國際勞工組織之大會，

經國際勞工局理事會之召集，於一九九九年六月一日在日內瓦舉行第八十七屆

會議；

咸認需要制定新規約禁止並消滅各種最惡劣形式之童工，作為各國及國際行動

(包括國際合作與援助)之主要優先項目，藉以補充迄仍為關於童工之基本國際

規約之一九七三年之「最低就業年齡公約」及「最低就業年齡建議書」

；咸以欲

有效消滅各種最惡劣形式之童工必須採取立即而內容廣泛之行動，此應計及免

費基本教育之重要性及使有關兒童脫離所有此等工作，並在兼顧其家庭需求之

情況下協助其身心恢復正常並融入社會之需要；憶及一九九六年國際勞工大會

第八十三屆會議所通過關於消滅童工之議決案；鑒及童工大都由貧窮所造成，

其長程解決繫於導致社會進步(普及教育與減少貧窮等)之持久經濟成長；憶及

聯合國大會於一九八九年十一月二十日所通過之「兒童權利公約」

；憶及一九九

八年國際勞工大會第八十六屆會議所通過「國際勞工組織關於基本原則及工作

上權利之宣言」及附件「本宣言之後續行動」

；憶及若干最惡劣形式之童工業由

一九三○年之「強迫勞動公約」

、一九五六年之「關於廢止奴隸、奴隸販賣及類

似奴隸體制之聯合國補充公約」等國際規約予以規範；經議決採納本屆會議議

程第四項關於童工之若干建議，並議決此等建議應採取國際公約方式；

爰於一九九九年六月十七日通過下述公約。本公約得稱為「一九九九年最惡劣

形式之童工公約」

。

第 一 條 凡批准本公約之會員國應採取立即而有效之行動禁止並消滅各種

最惡劣形式之童工，視為緊急事項。

第 二 條 為本公約之目的，

「童工」一詞適用於所有年齡未滿十八歲之人。

第 三 條 為本公約之目的，

「最惡劣形式之童工」一詞包括：

一、所有形式之奴隸或類似奴隸之習慣，諸如販賣兒童、債務奴役、農奴、及

包括強制招募兒童用於武裝衝突等之強迫或強制勞動；

二、利用、介紹或提供兒童賣淫、作色情表演或製作色情產品；

三、利用、介紹或提供兒童從事有關國際條約所界定毒品之生產與販賣等非法

活動；

四、其性質或履行之情況可能損害兒童之健康、安全或品德之工作。

第 四 條 第三條款所述各類工作應以國家法律規章定之，或由主管機關於

諮商有關之雇主團體與勞工團體後定之；均應計及有關之國際標準，尤其「一

九九九年最惡劣形式之童工建議書」第三項及第四項之規定。

主管機關於諮商有關之雇主團體與勞工團體後應查明有如此規定之各類工作之

地點。

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依本條第一項所規定之工作類別應定期予以檢討並與有關之雇主團體與勞工團

體諮商作必要之修訂。

第 五 條 各會員國應於諮商雇主團體與勞工團體後設立或指定適當之機構

監察為使本公約生效所作各項規定之實施情形。

第 六 條 各會員國應訂定並實施優先消滅各種最惡劣形式之童工之行動方

案。

此等行動方案之訂定及實施應諮商有關之政府機構、雇主團體與勞工團體，並

計及其他有關群組之意見。

第 七 條 各會員國應採取一切必要措施以保證有效實施及執行為使本公約

生效所作之各項規定，包括刑罰或其他制裁之規定與施行。

各會員國應採取有效並有限期之措施，計及教育消滅童工之重要性，藉以：

一、防止兒童從事最惡劣形式之童工；

二、提供必要而適當之直接援助使兒童脫離最惡劣形式之童工工作，使其身心

恢復正常並融入社會；

三、保證所有脫離最惡劣形式之童工工作之兒童均能接受免費基本教育，並在

可能之情況下使其接受適當之職業訓練；

四、查明有特別危險之兒童予以援助；

五、注意女童之特別情況。

各會員國應指定負責實施使本公約生效之各項規定之主管機關。

第 八 條 各會員國應採取適當步驟循由加強國際合作與援助，包括支援社

會與經濟發展、消滅貧窮及普及教育，互相協助使本公約各項規定產生實效。

第 九 條 本公約之正式批准書應送請國際勞工局局長登記之。

第 十 條 本公約僅對已將批准書送請國際勞工局登記之國際勞工組織之會

員國發生效力。

本公約應於國際勞工組織二會員國將其批准書送請國際勞工局局長登記之日起

十二個月後發生效力。

嗣後本公約對任何會員國將其批准書送請國際勞工局局長登記之日起十二個月

後發生效力。

第 十一 條 凡業已批准本公約之會員國，目本公約開始生效之日起滿十年

後，得通知國際勞工局局長登記廢止之，但是項廢止應於登記之日起滿一年後

始行生效。

凡業已批准本公約之會員國，如未於前段所述十年期滿後一年內行使本條規定

之廢止權，則本公約對該會員國應繼續有效十年；嗣後每十年期限屆滿時，該

會員國仍係依據本條之規定宣告廢止本公約。

第 十二 條 國際勞工局局長應將國際勞工組織會員國送請其登記之一切批准

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書與廢止文件通知該組織所有會員國。

國際勞工局局長於將國際勞工組織會員國送請其登記之第二個批准書通知其他

會員國，並將本公約之生效日期提請各會員國注意。

第 十三 條 國際勞工局局長應依照聯合國憲章第一○二條規定，將經其依照

前述各條規定登記之一切批准書與廢止文件，送請聯合國秘書長登記之。

第 十四 條 國際勞工局理事會於認為必要時，應將本公約實施狀況向大會提

出報告，並應考慮是否宜將本公約作局部或全部修正之問題，列入大會議程。

第 十五 條 倘大會通過對本公約作局部或全部修正之新公約時，除新公約另

有規定外，則：

一、一會員國對新修正公約之批准，於該新修正公約開始生效時，法律上即構

成對本公約之廢止，不受上述第十二條規定之限制；

二、自新修正公約開始生效之日起，本公約應即停止聽由各會員國批准。

在任何情形下，本公約之現有形式及內容，對業已批准本公約而未批准新修正

公約之各會員國，應仍繼續有效。

第 十六 條 本公約之英文本與法文本同一作準。

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來源 PDF: 84_20240607094407_8591533.pdf

Declaration on Fundamental Principles

and Rights at Work WORK IN FREEDOM

International

Labour Office

Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182)

The General Conference of the International Labour Organization,

Having been convened at Geneva by the Governing Body of the International Labour Office,

and having met in its 87th Session on 1 June 1999, and

Considering the need to adopt new instruments for the prohibition and elimination of the

worst forms of child labour, as the main priority for national and international action, including

Convention No. 182

international cooperation and assistance, to complement the Convention and the

Recommendation concerning Minimum Age for Admission to Employment, 1973, which

remain fundamental instruments on child labour, and

Considering that the effective elimination of the worst forms of child labour requires immedi-

ate and comprehensive action, taking into account the importance of free basic education and

the need to remove the children concerned from all such work and to provide for their reha-

bilitation and social integration while addressing the needs of their families, and

Recalling the resolution concerning the elimination of child labour adopted by the International

Labour Conference at its 83rd Session in 1996, and

Recognizing that child labour is to a great extent caused by poverty and that the long-term

solution lies in sustained economic growth leading to social progress, in particular poverty alle-

viation and universal education, and

Recalling the Convention on the Rights of the Child adopted by the United Nations General

Assembly on 20 November 1989, and

Recalling the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work and its Follow-up,

adopted by the International Labour Conference at its 86th Session in 1998, and

Recalling that some of the worst forms of child labour are covered by other international

instruments, in particular the Forced Labour Convention, 1930, and the United Nations

Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and

Practices Similar to Slavery, 1956, and

Having decided upon the adoption of certain proposals with regard to child labour, which is the

fourth item on the agenda of the session, and

Having determined that these proposals shall take the form of an international Convention;

adopts this seventeenth day of June of the year one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine the

following Convention, which may be cited as the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention,

1999.

A RTICLE 1

Each Member which ratifies this Convention shall take immediate and effective measures to

secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour as a matter of urgency.

A RTICLE 2

For the purposes of this Convention, the term child shall apply to all persons under the age of 18.

A RTICLE 3

For the purposes of this Convention, the term the worst forms of child labour comprises:

(a) all forms of slavery or practices similar to slavery, such as the sale and trafficking of

children, debt bondage and serfdom and forced or compulsory labour, including

forced or compulsory recruitment of children for use in armed conflict;

(b) the use, procuring or offering of a child for prostitution, for the production of

pornography or for pornographic performances;

(c) the use, procuring or offering of a child for illicit activities, in particular for the pro-

duction and trafficking of drugs as defined in the relevant international treaties;

(d) work which, by its nature or the circumstances in which it is carried out, is likely to

harm the health, safety or morals of children.

A RTICLE 4

1. The types of work referred to under Article 3(d) shall be determined by national laws or

regulations or by the competent authority, after consultation with the organizations of employ-

ers and workers concerned, taking into consideration relevant international standards, in par-

ticular Paragraphs 3 and 4 of the Worst Forms of Child Labour Recommendation, 1999.

2. The competent authority, after consultation with the organizations of employers and work-

ers concerned, shall identify where the types of work so determined exist.

3. The list of the types of work determined under paragraph 1 of this Article shall be periodi-

cally examined and revised as necessary, in consultation with the organizations of employers

and workers concerned.

A RTICLE 5

Each Member shall, after consultation with employers' and workers' organizations, establish or

designate appropriate mechanisms to monitor the implementation of the provisions giving

effect to this Convention.

A RTICLE 6

1. Each Member shall design and implement programmes of action to eliminate as a priority

the worst forms of child labour.

2. Such programmes of action shall be designed and implemented in consultation with relevant

government institutions and employers' and workers' organizations, taking into consideration

the views of other concerned groups as appropriate.

2 ILO Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, (1999) No. 182

A RTICLE 7

1. Each Member shall take all necessary measures to ensure the effective implementation and

enforcement of the provisions giving effect to this Convention including the provision and

application of penal sanctions or, as appropriate, other sanctions.

2. Each Member shall, taking into account the importance of education in eliminating child

labour, take effective and time-bound measures to:

(a) prevent the engagement of children in the worst forms of child labour;

(b) provide the necessary and appropriate direct assistance for the removal of children

from the worst forms of child labour and for their rehabilitation and social integra-

tion;

(c) ensure access to free basic education, and, wherever possible and appropriate,

vocational training, for all children removed from the worst forms of child labour;

(d) identify and reach out to children at special risk; and

(e) take account of the special situation of girls.

3. Each Member shall designate the competent authority responsible for the implementation of

the provisions giving effect to this Convention.

A RTICLE 8

Members shall take appropriate steps to assist one another in giving effect to the provisions of

this Convention through enhanced international cooperation and/or assistance including sup-

port for social and economic development, poverty eradication programmes and universal

education.

ILO Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, (1999) No. 182 3