兒少人權監督平台

來源 PDF: 35_20230620083735_9593369.pdf

兒童權利公約第二次國家報告國際審查會議實錄

目錄

壹、前言 ....................................................................................................................... 1

貳、國際審查會議之準備 ........................................................................................... 2

一、 中華民國兒童權利公約第二次國家報告國際審查流程 .............................. 2

二、 國際審查會議重要事件一覽表 ....................................................................... 3

三、 第二次國家報告審查委員會簡介 ................................................................... 5

四、 非政府組織及兒少之參與 ............................................................................. 10

參、兒童權利公約第二次國家報告國際審查會議 ................................................. 12

一、 中華民國兒童權利公約第二次國家報告國際審查議程 ............................ 12

二、 歡迎晚宴 ......................................................................................................... 14

三、 開幕式 ............................................................................................................. 15

四、 委員與國家人權委員會、立法委員會議 ..................................................... 33

五、 委員與非政府組織會議（公開） ................................................................. 72

六、 委員與兒少會議（非公開） ....................................................................... 130

七、 委員與非政府組織會議（非公開） ........................................................... 130

八、 委員與政府機關代表會議 ........................................................................... 131

（一） 審查 CRC 第二次國家報告（第一章-第四章） ............................... 133

（二） 審查 CRC 第二次國家報告（第五章-第七章） ............................... 243

（三） 審查 CRC 第二次國家報告（第八章-第十章） ............................... 329

九、 結論性意見發表記者會 ............................................................................... 430

十、 歡送午宴 ....................................................................................................... 484

附錄、中華民國（臺灣）兒童權利公約第二次國家報告國際審查結論性意見486

壹、 前言

兒童權利公約（Convention on the Rights of the Child，以下簡稱 CRC）於 1989 年

11 月 20 日由聯合國大會決議通過，並在 1990 年正式生效，明確揭示兒童為權利

主體，為兒童提供全面性的保障，是國際共識度最高的公約。為進一步落實 CRC

精神與規範，我國於 2014 年 5 月 20 日立法院三讀通過 CRC 施行法，同年 6 月 4

日總統公布，並自 2014 年 11 月 20 日國際兒童人權日施行，正式將 CRC 國內法

化。

依據 CRC 施行法規定，我國於 2016 年提出 CRC 首次國家報告，2017 年邀請 5 位

國際兒權專家來臺審查，會後提出 98 點結論性意見，做為我國檢討及修正相關

法令、政策或行政措施之參考，促進我國兒少權利之發展。

CRC 第二次國家報告於 2021 年 11 月 19 日發布，2022 年 11 月 14 日至 16 日辦理

第二次國家報告國際審查會議，本次亦邀請 5 位國際兒權專家組成「CRC 第二次

國家報告國際審查委員會」（下稱審查委員會），審閱我國 CRC 第二次國家報告。

委員於會議期間，與政府代表、民間團體、兒少代表等，針對我國各項兒童權利

議題進行對話，瞭解我國落實 CRC 之現況、檢視尚待改進之處，於審查會議後

提供 72 點結論性意見，並召開記者會對各界說明。

第二次國際審查會議共計 52 個政府部會參與，約有 179 人出席與會，包括行政

院、立法院、司法院、監察院、國家人權委員會等機關。另有非政府組織代表、

兒少代表及其他個人共約 162 人出席，合計約有 341 人參與會議。本次國際審查

會議審查過程全程記錄於本實錄中。

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貳、 國際審查會議之準備

一、 中華民國兒童權利公約第二次國家報告國際審查流程

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二、 國際審查會議重要事件一覽表

2022.11.14

舉辦「中華民國兒童權利公約第二次國家報告國際審查會議」及「結論性

意見發表記者會」，國際審查委員提出共 72 點結論性意見（2022/11/14-

11/18）。

2022.03.31

NGO 提交替代報告（共 23 份），立委提交報告（共 1 份），國家人權委員

會提交獨立評估意見。

2022.03.01

兒少提交兒少報告（共 19 份）。

2021.12.07

邀請國際審查委員 5 人 Jakob Egbert Doek（荷蘭/主席）、Nevena Vuckovic

Sahovic（塞爾維亞）、Nigel Cantwell（瑞士、英國）、John Tobin（澳

洲）、Laura Lundy（愛爾蘭），成立「CRC 第二次國家報告國際審查委員

會」。

2021.11.19

辦理兒童權利公約第二次國家報告發布記者會。

2021.09.09

召開 CRC 第二次國家報告定稿會議（計 4 場次）（2021/9/9-9/16）。

2021.02.19

召開 CRC 第二次國家報告第一輪審查會議（計 8 場）（2021/2/19-3/26）、

蒐集第 2 輪審查書面意見（2021/6/3-6/11）。

2020.12.08

召開 CRC 第二次國家報告政府部門撰寫討論會議（計 8 場）（2020/12/8-

2021/1/7）。

2019.03.01

提出「兒童權利公約首次國家報告國際審查結論性意見-各權責機關落實結

論意見後續行動回應」。

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2017.11.20

舉辦「中華民國兒童權利公約首次國家報告國際審查會議」及「結論性意

見發表記者會」，國際審查委員提出共 98 點結論性意見（2017/11/20-

11/24）。

2017.05.31

提送兒少報告（共 7 份）。

2017.03.15

NGO 提交替代報告（共 8 份）。

2016.12.21

邀請國際審查委員 5 人 Jakob Egbert Doek（荷蘭/主席）、Judith Karp（以色

列）、Nigel Cantwell（瑞士、英國）、John Tobin（澳洲）、Laura Lundy

（愛爾蘭），成立「CRC 首次國家報告國際審查委員會」。

2016.11.17

提出 CRC 首次國家報告，並辦理發布記者會暨國際研討會（2016/11/17-

11/18）。

2016.08.17

CRC 首次國家報告定稿會議（計 7 場次）（2016/8/17-8/30）。

2016.06.28

CRC 首次國家報告第 2 輪審查會議（公聽會）（計 8 場次）（2016/6/28-

7/7）。

2016.03.15

成立「CRC 首次國家報告國際審查諮詢小組」，邀請總統府人權諮詢委員

會、行政院兒童及少年福利與權益推動小組、民間團體之委員及專家學

者，共同籌備首次國家報告國際審查作業。

2016.03.11

CRC 首次國家報告第 1 輪審查會議（計 18 場次）（2016/3/11-5/11）。

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三、 第二次國家報告審查委員會簡介

Jakob Egbert Doek（主席）

荷蘭

現職 專業領域

萊頓大學兒童權利與家庭法律系 ◼ 兒童權利公約

客座講師與導師 ◼ 少年司法

◼ 兒童性剝削

◼ 家庭法

簡歷

◼ 少年法庭法官（1978-1985）；阿姆斯特丹上訴法庭代理法官（2004-2012）。

◼ 阿姆斯特丹自由大學兒童與家庭法教授（1985-2007）。

◼ 聯合國兒童權利委員會委員（1999-2007）。

◼ 聯合國兒童權利委員會主席（2001-2007）。

◼ 聯合國暴力侵害兒童研究編輯委員會成員（2003-2006） 。

◼ Aflatoun 國際兒童救援組織主席。

（2006-2014）

。

◼ ECPAT（終止兒童賣淫、兒童色情及販賣兒童組織）高級法律顧問（2014-迄

今）。

◼ 國際兒童協助熱線監事會成員（2014-迄今） 。

◼ 國際兒童青少年金融國際監理會成員（2012-迄今） 。

◼ 保護兒童國際諮詢委員會委員。

◼ 荷蘭兒童權利國際兒童和平獎評審委員。

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 Nigel Cantwell

英國、瑞士

現職 專業領域

國際組織兒童保護政策顧問 ◼ 兒童人權

◼ 替代性照顧

◼ 跨國收養

◼ 少年司法

簡歷

◼ 曾參與聯合國兒童權利公約起草過程（非政府組織小組協調員）。

◼ 曾參與研議聯合國保護被剝奪自由之少年保護規則。

◼ 曾參與 1993 年海牙跨國兒童收養公約起草過程。

◼ 聯合國兒童基金會因諾琴蒂研究中心 （Innocenti Research Centre）資深專案

主管（國際標準執行）（1998-2003）

。

◼ 2009 年聯合國兒童替代性照顧準則推動的首席顧問。

◼ 為各大洲共超過 15 個國家評估替代性照顧與收養系統。

◼ 聯合國兒童基金會海牙國際私法會議國際收養專家

◼ 擔任瑞士日內瓦大學與荷蘭萊登大學碩士班兒童權利課程講師與斯特拉斯克

萊德大學客座教授。

◼ 著有約 40 篇兒童權利相關的文章。

◼ 蘇格蘭斯特拉斯克萊德大學榮譽博士。

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 Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic

塞爾維亞

現職 專業領域

牛津大學國際人權法研究碩士學程 ◼ 人權

教授 ◼ 兒童權利公約

◼ 國際法

簡歷

◼ 曾任聯合國兒童權利委員會委員。

◼ 貝爾格萊德兒童權利中心（Child Rights Centre in Belgrade，1997 年）和貝爾

格萊德人權中心（Belgrade Centre for Human Rights ，1995 年）的創始人和成

員。

◼ 任教於貝爾格萊德聯合大學法學院。

◼ 尼斯大學法學院院長兼首席平等保護專員

◼ 聯合國當代形式奴隸制自願基金（UN Voluntary Fund for the Contemporary

forms of Slavery）創始人和專家。

◼ 國際兒童和平獎專家委員會委員。

◼ 曾在塞爾維亞和國外的大學任教，包括英國、荷蘭、美國、德國、瑞士、匈

牙利、哈薩克斯坦、西班牙、葡萄牙等。

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 John Tobin

澳洲

現職 專業領域

◼ 澳洲墨爾本大學法學院教授 ◼ 國際法

◼ Francine V McNiff 國際人權法主席與 ◼ 人權

研究主任 ◼ 兒童權利公約

簡歷

◼ 維多利亞法律學會兒童法專家、主審（2011-迄今）。

◼ 諮詢委員：墨爾本國際法期刊（2003-迄今）及兒童權利國際期刊（2010-迄

今）。

◼ 商業法律師（1994-1997） 。

◼ 兒少法律師、維多利亞法律援助（1997-2000）。

◼ 司法部法務專員（2000）。

◼ 目前正與紐約大學的 Philip G. Alston 教授合作撰寫「兒童權利：理論到實

踐」（Children’s Rights: From Theory to Practice），內容針對兒童權利公約做出

全面評論，將由牛津大學出版社出版。

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 Laura Lundy

愛爾蘭

現職 專業領域

貝爾法斯特女王大學社會科學學院 ◼ 聯合國兒童權利公約的實踐

教育與社會工作系教授 ◼ 教育權

◼ 兒童參與決策的權利

◼ 家庭教育與社會保障法

簡歷

◼ 跨校的兒童權利研究中心（Centre for Children’s Rights）主任（2011-迄今）

。

◼ 科克大學（College Cork）法學院法學教授

◼ 《國際人權雜誌》主編

◼ 擁有國內外廣泛的兒童相關研究參與經驗，包括 2015 年的聯合國兒童權利委

員會所發佈的「公共支出一般性意見」 （意見來自於 71 個國家） 。

◼ 為聯合國兒童權利委員會、UNICEF、歐洲議會、兒童救援等單位提供針對

兒童權利相關的建議與訓練。

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四、 非政府組織及兒少之參與

（一） 非政府組織（下稱 NGO）

NGO 在審查過程中屬重要的一環，除能監督政府作為，亦能提交意見讓

審查委員會了解我國兒少權利現況。依「非政府組織報告（NGO 報告）

提交說明及注意事項」，我國 NGO（單獨或聯名共提交 23 份報告（提交

NGO 報告之團體列表如下表），並由秘書組轉寄審查委員會參考。

編號 提交民間團體報告名單

1 中華民國飛盤協會

2 中華兒少愛滋防治關懷協會、台灣性別人權維護促進協會

3 台灣兒童權利公約聯盟（14 團體共同提出）

4 台灣家長守護婦幼權益協會

5 台灣愛兒親師家長協會

6 全國家長會長聯盟

7 兒童權利公約民間監督聯盟（36 團體共同提出）

8 社團法人人權公約施行監督聯盟（14 團體共同提出）

9 社團法人中華民國身心障礙聯盟

10 社團法人中華兒童暨家庭守護者協會

11 社團法人台灣全國兒少安置機構聯盟

12 社團法人台灣全國媽媽護家護兒聯盟

13 社團法人台灣婦少權益關懷協會

14 社團法人台灣懷孕婦女關懷協會

15 社團法人全國家長團體聯盟

16 社團法人國際兒少人權促進會

17 社團法人復生食物銀行全人關懷協會

18 社團法人藍天行動聯盟

19 財團法人台灣兒童暨家庭扶助基金會

20 高雄市家長協會

21 國教行動聯盟

22 國際發光中華民國分會

23 新北市愛芽護兒協會

註：以上編號按單位名稱筆劃排列。

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（二） 兒少

CRC 係為保障兒少各項權利，兒少觀點為審查委員會優先關注的部分；

為鼓勵 NGO 協助兒少提出兒少報告，透過兒少觀點反映我國兒少權利發

展現況，供國際審查委員參考，提出政策建言，政府特規劃「109 年度兒

童權利公約兒少報告撰擬培力計畫」；亦於網站公告「兒童權利公約第二

次國家報告兒少報告提交說明」，使自主提交兒少報告之團體得以如期提

交報告，同時遴選代表參與兒少會議。本次國際審查會議，共有 7 個

NGO 團體（如下表）協助兒少提交報告，參與撰擬報告之兒少共 116

位，惟有 2 份報告未公開參與報告兒少人數，參與會議之兒少代表共 65

位。

編號 兒少報告提交者

兒少自行提交

1 尤○哲等 5 人

2 吳○瑾等 4 人

3 李○霖等 3 人

4 葉○叡等 2 人

5 詹○昕等 2 人

6 聞○佐等 1 人

民間團體協助提交

7 社團法人台灣少年權益與福利促進聯盟（桃園吳同學等 5 人）

8 社團法人台灣少年權益與福利促進聯盟（凌○彤等 7 人）

9 社團法人台灣少年權益與福利促進聯盟（何○修等 9 人）

10 社團法人台灣少年權益與福利促進聯盟（黃○穎等 8 人）

11 社團法人台灣少年權益與福利促進聯盟

社團法人台灣少年權益與福利促進聯盟協同台灣基督長老教會

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原住民宣教委員會

13 社團法人台灣全國媽媽護家護兒聯盟（13 人）

14 社團法人臺南市家長關懷兒少教育協會（3 人）

15 財團法人兒童福利聯盟（58 人）

16 雲林縣北港宗聖扶輪社（文○止等 20 人）

17 新竹市築心生命教育協會（杜○蓁等 21 人）

註：以上編號依兒少提交方式及名稱筆劃排列。

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參、 兒童權利公約第二次國家報告國際審查會議

一、中華民國兒童權利公約第二次國家報告國際審查議程

日期 時間 活動 備註

審前會議

08:30 ~ 09:20 委員工作會議 不公開

09:30 ~ 10:00 開幕式 公開

2022.11.14 10:10 ~ 11:00 委員與國家人權委員會、立法委員會議 公開

（一）

11:10 ~ 12:30 委員與非政府組織會議 公開

14:00 ~ 15:30 委員與兒少會議 不公開

15:50 ~ 17:20 委員與非政府組織會議 不公開

審查會議

2022.11.15 09:00 ~ 12:00 審查 CRC 第 2 次國家報告（第 1 章-第 4 章） 公開

（二） 14:00 ~ 17:00 審查 CRC 第 2 次國家報告（第 5 章-第 7 章） 公開

2022.11.16 09:00 ~ 12:00 審查 CRC 第 2 次國家報告（第 8 章-第 10 章） 公開

（三） 14:00 ~ 17:00 視情況繼續審查，或開始撰擬結論性意見

擬具結論性意見與發表

2022.11.17 09:00 ~ 12:00 擬具結論性意見 不公開

（四） 14:00 ~ 17:00 翻譯結論性意見 不公開

2022.11.18

10:00 ~ 11:40 結論性意見發表記者會 公開

（五）

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Review Meeting Agenda

Date Time Description Note

Pre-Review Meeting

08:30 ~ 09:20 Committee Members’ Working Meeting Private

09:30 ~ 10:00 Opening Ceremony Public

Meeting with Representatives of National

Monday, 10:10 ~ 11:00 Human Rights Commission and Legislative Public

Nov. 14, 2022 Yuan

11:10 ~ 12:30 Meeting with Representatives of NGOs Public

14:00 ~ 15:30 Meeting with Children Private

15:50 ~ 17:20 Meeting with Representatives of NGOs Private

Review Meeting

Tuesday, 09:00 ~ 12:00 Review of Chapter 1-4 Public

Nov. 15, 2022 14:00 ~ 17:00 Review of Chapter 5-7 Public

09:00 ~ 12:00 Review of Chapter 8-10 Public

Wednesday,

(Continue review if necessary, or start

Nov. 16, 2022 14:00 ~ 17:00

drafting Concluding Observations)

Adoption and Presentation of Concluding Observations

Drafting and Finalizing of Concluding

Thursday, 09:00 ~ 12:00 Private

Observations

Nov. 17, 2022

14:00 ~ 17:00 Translation of Concluding Observations Private

Friday,

10:00 ~ 11:40 Presentation of Concluding Observations Public

Nov. 18, 2022

13

二、歡迎晚宴

日期：2022 年 11 月 13 日（星期日）

地點：台北君悅酒店 君寓二

晚宴安排在國際審查委員下榻的台北君悅酒店，以具備在地特色的中式套

餐歡迎遠道而來的貴賓。參與來賓包含國際審查委員、政府機關代表以及

行政院兒童及少年福利與權益推動小組委員。

右圖 左至右分別為國際審查委員會委員 Nigel Cantwell、國際審查委員會委員助理 Evie

Heard、行政院林政務委員萬億、國際審查委員會委員 Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic、主席

Jakob Egbert Doek、委員 John Tobin、衛生福利部李政務次長麗芬、國際審查委員會委

員 Laura Lundy 與衛生福利部社會及家庭署簡署長慧娟

行政院兒童及少年福利與權益推動小組召 國際審查委員會

集人林政委萬億致詞 主席 Jakob Egbert Doek 致詞

14

三、開幕式

日期：2022 年 11 月 14 日（星期一）

時間：上午 9 時 30 分至 10 時

地點：台北國際會議中心 201 室

由行政院兒童及少年福利與權益推動小組召集人林萬億政務委員、國際審

查委員會主席 Jakob Egbert Doek 教授及國家人權委員會陳菊主任委員為本次

國際審查會議進行開幕致詞。

行政院兒童及少年福利與權益推動小組 國際審查委員會

召集人林政委萬億致詞 主席 Jakob Egbert Doek 致詞

國家人權委員會陳主任委員菊致詞 左至右分別為國際審查委員會委員 John

Tobin、Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic、國家人

權委員會陳主任委員菊、國際審查委員會

主席 Jakob Egbert Doek、行政院林政務委

員萬億、衛生福利部李政務次長麗芬、國

際 審 查 委 員 會 委 員 Laura Lundy、Nigel

Cantwell 與衛生福利部社會及家庭署簡署

長慧娟

15

 簡要紀錄

1. 行政院兒童及少年福利與權益推動小組（以下簡稱院兒權小組）召集人林萬億

政務委員：感謝 5 位國際審查委員在疫情期間來臺灣審查我國 CRC 第二次國家

報告，其中有 4 位是首次審查我國 CRC 的委員，首次結論性意見提及獨立監督

機關、兒少參與、替代性照顧政策、平等不歧視等各種兒童相關權益。在各位

的提醒下，我們已邀請兒少代表參加院兒權小組，各縣市也有多位兒少代表參

與公共事務；《少年事件處理法》進行修法，取消 7 種虞犯少年，改以 3 種曝險

行為，以行政輔導先行；2020 年成立國家人權委員會，其中一個小組關切 CRC；

今年行政部門通過國家人權行動計畫，把 CRC 一部分納入；推出替代性照顧政

策；在人力、預算上跨部會整合協調，積極推動 CRC。學生在家庭、在社區、

在學校、在職場、以至於在社會、在國家都應有 CRC 所規範的人權，我們絕對

尊重且具體落實、實踐。我們接受 CRC 專家們指教，也願意跟 NGOs 及兒少團

體，更會跟國家人權委員會一起合作，讓臺灣兒童權益可以更進步，祝會議順

利圓滿。

2. 國際審查委員會主席 Jakob Egbert Doek：歡迎大家來參加臺灣政府 CRC 第二次

國家報告的國際審查會議，主辦這場國際審查的國家無法正式批准 CRC，卻依

然致力於落實公約內涵。聯合國在日內瓦舉辦的審查會議中，兒少和公民團體

很少有機會能夠直接參與，而這次審查會議由兒童權利領域的國際獨立專家委

員會進行本地審查，可以看到大家在推動兒童權利上非常投入。這次國際審查

最終目標，就是要提出結論性意見，委員會撰擬這份文件，考量政府提供的所

有資訊、其他單位如兒少或其他各界團體提供的資訊，會提出肯定臺灣政府實

施 CRC 所取得的進展，同時也會就實施過程的不足跟問題提出關切，建議政

府應採取哪些具體措施來解決這些問題，委員會期許致力於實現兒童權利的利

害關係人都能支持及敦促政府落實結論性意見。最後希望審查會議繼續地在未

來每 5 年舉行一次，由國際審查委員會來到臺灣，定期了解公約落實狀況。期

待這一周委員會與大家可以有建設性、正面的對話與討論，謝謝。

3. 國家人權委員會陳菊主任委員：第一次 CRC 國際審查委員提出的結論性意見

為臺灣催生了一個獨立性的國家人權機構，作為國家人權委員會第一任主委，

非常感謝當年你們的努力跟 NGOs 民間的期待，我會帶著你們的期待，努力來

落實兒少權利。談到臺灣兒童權利，特別要提到 1987 年解嚴前夕的救援雛妓

運動，牽涉臺灣原住民、兒少性剝削，催生臺灣幾個兒少跟婦女權利團體的成

立及《兒童及少年性剝削防制條例》的立法。2000 年校園內發生玫瑰少年葉永

鋕不幸死亡的案件，進一步促成《性別平等教育法》的通過，這部法案是禁止

歧視、以教育為目的，為性別平權非常重要的立法。2010 年我擔任高雄市長，

參與臺灣在高雄第一次舉辦的同志遊行，當時有很多兒少在現場，葉永鋕的媽

媽在遊行的最後站上舞台，大聲的告訴參與的民間團體及群眾，她說：「我救

16

不了我的孩子，但是我要救跟他一樣的小孩。」臺灣國家人權委員會受到很大

的啟示，會持續關心 LGBTI 的議題，不讓任何小孩受到歧視跟霸凌。國家人

權委員會在未來一定會促進、落實兒少發展的權利，關心兒少最佳利益，讓兒

少能成為權利的主體。

17

 Meeting Minutes

1. Lin Wan-I, Minister without portfolio and the Convenor of Child and Youth Welfare

and Rights Promotion Group of the Executive Yuan （hereinafter referred to as the

Child’s Right Group）: We are very grateful to the five members of the International

Review Committee for coming to Taiwan during the pandemic era. I know that this

would be the first time that four of the members reviewed Taiwan’s implementation of

UN Convention on the Rights of the Child （CRC）. Among the concluding

observations of the First Review Meeting, issues related to children’s rights, including

the establishment of an independent monitoring institute, children’s rights to

participate, policies of alternative care, equity and nondiscrimination have been

mentioned. With your recommendations, we have invited children and young people

to join the Child’s Right Group; children and young people also participate in public

affairs in various counties and cities; we have started to amend the Juvenile

Delinquency Act by removing seven types of status offenders and providing

administrative support and consultation to three risky behaviors; the National Human

Rights Commission （NHRC） was established in 2020 and one of the groups under

NHRC will focus on CRC; the National Human Rights Action Plan has been passed

in the executive branch to incorporate part of CRC; policies of alternative care have

been proposed; manpower and budget from different government agencies will be put

together to actively promote CRC. Students are entitled to enjoy human rights

stipulated by the CRC at home, in the community, at school, in the workplace, in the

society and in the country and we absolutely respect these rights as we implement and

practice the CRC. We welcome recommendations from CRC experts and we are

willing to cooperate with NGOs and children’s groups. We will also cooperate with

NHRC to improve Taiwan’s children’s rights and interests. I wish we will have a

smooth and successful meeting.

2. Jakob Egbert Doek, Chairman of the International Review Committee: I would like to

welcome everyone to the Review Meeting on the ROC Second Report under the

Convention on the Rights of the Child. The country hosting this International Review

Meeting cannot formally ratify the CRC, but it has committed to implementing the

convention. Children’s groups and civic groups rarely had the opportunity to directly

participate in the UN’s review conference in Geneva. In comparison, this review

meeting was carried out locally by an international committee of independent experts

18

 in the field of children’s rights. We can see that there is a strong commitment to

advancing children’s rights. The ultimate goal of this international review meeting is

to submit the Concluding Observations. The committee will draft the document after

considering all the information provided by the government, information provided by

other bodies, such as children’s groups and other organizations. We will recognize the

government’s progress in implementing CRC and raise concerns regarding

deficiencies and problems related to the implementation process. We will also make

recommendations regarding concrete measures that the government should take to

solve these problems. The Committee hopes that all stakeholders who are committed

to improving children’s rights will support and urge the government to implement the

Concluding Observations. Finally, I hope that the review meeting will continue to be

held every five years in the future, so the International Review Committee can visit

Taiwan regularly to see the implementation of the CRC. I look forward to hearing

constructive and productive dialogues and discussions between the Committee and

everyone this week, thank you.

3. Chen Chu, President of National Human Rights Commission （NHRC）, Taiwan:

The Concluding Observations made by the Committee at the first CRC review meeting

was an important landmark for Taiwan to establish an independent national human

rights body. As the first president of the National Human Rights Commission

（NHRC）, I am very grateful for your efforts. With the expectations from the

committee, NGOs and civil society, I will work hard to promote the rights of children

and youth. Talking about children’s rights in Taiwan, I must mention the movement

before the lifting of the martial law in 1987 to rescue young prostitutes. Issues of

sexual exploitation of aborigines in Taiwan and children led to the establishment of

several civil society organizations devoted to children’s and women’s rights in Taiwan

and the passing of the Child and Youth Sexual Exploitation Prevention Act. In 2000,

the tragic death of a young boy named Yeh Yong-Chih on campus further led to the

passing of the Gender Equity Education Act which aims to ban all forms of

discrimination through education. It is a landmark law for gender equality. In 2010, I

was the mayor of Kaohsiung City and I participated in the first gay parade held in

Kaohsiung and in Taiwan. There were many children and young people in the parade.

The mother of Yeh Yong-Chih stood on the stage at the end of the parade and told the

participating civil society organizations and the crowd loudly, “I can’t save my own

child, but I want to save other children like him.” NHRC was inspired and we will

19

continue to pay attention to LGBTI issues and prevent any children from being

discriminated against or being bullied. In the future, NHRC will definitely work to

promote and implement the rights of children and youth; consider the best interests of

children and youth, and make children and youth the subjects of their own rights.

20

 逐字稿紀錄

司儀：（會前提醒）

提醒各位貴賓，大會再過 8 分鐘，9 點半正式開始，本次是中英雙語進行，我們

有提供口譯服務，有需要口譯設備的可以到外面服務台借用，我們也有手語翻

譯、同步聽打。為了防疫，請全程戴口罩，如果要上台致詞或是等等要發言合

照，可以暫時把口罩拿下來沒有關係，謝謝您。不好意思，我們現場有多位貴

賓陸續進場當中，所以我們可能會晚個一、兩分鐘再開始，要請各位現場的貴

賓再稍候一下，謝謝您！有請各位貴賓現在可以就座了，我們大會開幕儀式再

過兩分鐘、再過兩分鐘之後就會開始，要請您就座。我們配合防疫，還是要請

各位貴賓今天大會全程佩戴口罩，但是如果要上台致詞或者是等一下要發言、

或者是合照的話，暫時可以把口罩拿下來沒有關係。有用口譯機的貴賓以及朋

友們，頻道 1 是聽中文、頻道 2 聽英文，謝謝！

司儀：

非常歡迎各位現場以及線上的貴賓，一同參加 2022 兒童權利公約第二次國家報

告國際審查會議的開幕儀式。臺灣在 2016 年首次提出兒童權利公約的國家報

告，隔年舉行國際審查會議，那麼委員當時提出了 98 點結論性意見，對於臺灣

的兒少權利發展大有助益，那這一次 5 年一度的第二次國家報告，臺灣已經在去

年正式完成，那接下來一連 5 天我們會舉行國際審查會議以及交流，希望能夠讓

臺灣在兒少權益的發展推動以及保護，都能夠地更加的完善，善盡作為國際一

份子的責任。

那當然我們也知道推動兒少權益，需要各個不同的國家、不同的組織以及團體

的相互合作才有可能。那接下來就為各位介紹，我們今天上午蒞臨現場的長期

關注兒少議題的機關團體的代表。也請唱名到的貴賓先請起身揮揮手致意一

下，首先為各位介紹的就是我們這一次政府機關代表團的副團長，衛福部的李

麗芬政務次長。接下來為各位介紹行政院兒童及少年福利與權益推動小組的召

集人林萬億政務委員，非常歡迎。那麼今天現場也非常榮幸，國家人權委員會

陳菊主任委員親自出席，我們掌聲歡迎陳菊主委。那麼今天現場也有多位國家

人權委員會的委員，也為各位一一的介紹。包括了有田秋堇委員，掌聲歡迎、

葉大華委員、范巽綠委員、紀惠容委員到了嗎？委員等一下才會到，賴振昌委

員以及浦忠成委員，歡迎！

接下來呢，為各位介紹蒞臨我們今天開幕儀式的多位駐台的使節，包含了有巴

拉圭共和國大使館費卡洛大使。接下來為各位介紹是史瓦帝尼王國大使館蒙西

比大使，美國在台協會黃華璽政治助理，德國在台協會陶艾瑪副處長，巴布亞

紐幾內亞駐台商務代表處康德銘代表，接下來為各位介紹南非聯絡辦事處的安

德生代表。那今天現場有幾位立法委員一同出席，首先為各位介紹吳欣盈委

21

 員、邱臣遠委員、王婉諭委員，當然最重要的是我們今天特別遠道而來的國際

審查委員。首先為各位介紹的是我們審查委員會的主席，來自於荷蘭的 Doek 教

授，來自於瑞士的 Cantwell 教授，來自於塞爾維亞的 Sahovic 教授，來自於澳洲

的 John Tobin 教授，來自於愛爾蘭的 Laura Lundy 教授。

再次謝謝現場這麼多的貴賓，一同參與我們的開幕儀式。那接下來我們開幕儀

式一開始，首先就要有請行政院兒童及少年福利與權益推動小組的召集人林萬

億政務委員，首先為我們開場致詞，掌聲歡迎政委，有請政委。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

5 位來自各國的國際審查委員，國家人權委員會陳主任委員、各位國家人權委員

會的委員、各位立法委員、各國駐臺的代表、各位與會的 NGOs 的代表、兒少代

表、各位貴賓、各位女士、先生、各位媒體同仁以及在線上的朋友大家早安、

大家好！

我首先代表行政院蘇院長表達最大的歡迎之意，謝謝 5 位委員願意在疫情還沒有

完全的安全之下，願意來到臺灣幫我們審查 CRC 的第二次國家報告。記得 5 年

前也是、Professor Doek 他也是一個法官，我們一見面就非常熟悉，5 年前非常謝

謝在座有 4 位都曾經審查過我們的第一次國家報告，那來自塞爾維亞的 Sahovic

教授第一次來到臺灣，她也昨天告訴我，她也覺得非常歡喜可以來到臺灣。那

在那一次的國際審查中提醒我們非常多，剛剛司儀先生也報告過，其中非常重

要的幾點，是希望我們把兒童權利的優先性能夠確認，也提醒我們需要國家兒

童人權的行動計畫，更一直推動我們需要一個兒童權利的獨立監測機關，那當

然更提醒我們兒少的參與應該被 Empower、更加的充權，那同時要求我們要有

替代性的照顧方案，那至於說平等不歧視，以及各種兒童相關應該有的權利，

幾乎在上次的會議中一再的被提醒，當然我們也很多努力，委員們也看到。那

這 5 年內雖然我們有大半的時間都在對抗疫情，這個各國幾乎都是一樣的，可是

我們腳步沒有停止，我們努力做了非常多的事情。2018 年在總統蔡英文的要求

支持之下，我們推動了強化社會安全網第一期，現在進入到第二期，中間最重

要的其實就是要處理如何保護我們國家的兒童。接著我們在各位的提醒之下，

已經把兒少的代表請到行政院參加行政院的兒少權益推動小組，而在各縣市以

及部會也都有非常多的兒少代表，一起來參與各種政策跟公共事務。

當然我們也依照委員們不斷地催促，要修《少年事件處理法》，我們把過去被質

疑的有 7 種虞犯少年，我們已經把他取消，當然留下 3 個叫做曝險行為，我們明

年 7 月 1 號《少事法》就行政先行，重視輔導，少懲罰、少法院的介入。那我們

也在 2020 年監察院成立了國家人權委員會，其中有一個組就在關切 CRC，所以

我們一直跟國家人權委員會有非常好的搭配，我們努力往前推。在今年我們也

通過了國家人權行動計畫，把 CRC 一部分都納入了，那衛福部也在前陣子就把

替代性照顧方案都推出來，而且都具體落實。那不管是在預算上、在人力上或

22

 在跨部會的整合協調上，行政院在蘇院長的督促之下，我們積極推動，那我們

也知道兒少代表們經過 2、3 年來的努力，他們也發展出一套如何來參與甚至於

監督。早上他們在會場外開了記者會，也把他們的訴求遞交給行政院、遞交給

教育部、衛福部，希望我們尊重兒少應有的在 CRC 所規範的人權，其中有一句

話他們說，學生進入到校園仍然應該有人權，我會說 YES！學生在家庭、在社

區、在學校、在職場、以至於在社會、在國家都應該有 CRC 所規範的人權，我

們絕對尊重而且要具體落實、實踐。那當然以下接著 5 天的行程，我們會接受來

自世界各國的這些 CRC 的專家們給我們指教，那也願意跟很多的 NGOs 團體跟

兒少團體及各部會，大家一起來，更會跟國家人權委員會一起合作，讓臺灣的

兒童權益可以更加進步，那祝各位身體健康平安，接著下來的 5 天會議都可以順

利圓滿進行，謝謝大家，謝謝。

司儀：

掌聲謝謝林萬億政務委員。也為大家補充介紹一下剛剛來到現場的，還有我們

國家人權委員會的紀惠容委員，委員是不是請起身跟我們揮揮手。接下來呢，

我們要為各位介紹的是國際審查委員會的主席，要有請主席也上台為我們說幾

句話，我們掌聲歡迎我們的主席 Jakob Egbert Doek。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

我總是喜歡看看現場的與會者。各位貴賓、各位代表、各位兒少代表、父母、

立委、各個部會的代表、國家人權委員會代表，以及各個致力促進和支持落實

兒童權利的 NGOs 代表，大家好！歡迎大家來參加這個禮拜非常特別而重要的會

議，也就是臺灣政府實施兒童權利公約第二次國家報告的國際審查會議，這個

會議獨一無二，因為主辦這場國際審查的國家無法正式批准兒童權利公約，但

是卻依然致力於落實公約的內涵。傳統上兒童權利公約 CRC 公約的審查，是由聯

合國兒童權利公約委員會 18 名的成員，在聯合國人權事務高級專員辦事處主辦

的會議中進行，地點是在日內瓦，兒少和公民團體很少有機會能夠直接參與，

而這一次的審查會議是由兒童權利公約第二次國家報告的政府組織所主辦，由

兒童權利領域的國際獨立專家委員會進行本地的審查。環顧會場四周可以看到，

在推動兒童權利上面，大家都非常地投入，所以非常感謝各位的參與。

而在審查的過程當中，如果有任何的問題跟建議的話，都歡迎跟委員來接觸或

聯絡，因為我們也是一般人。大家也都知道這次的國際審查最終目標，就是要

提交一份稱為結論性意見的文件，在這樣的文件當中，審查委員會會表達出，

對臺灣政府實施 CRC 公約所取得的進展表示肯定，同時委員也會就實施這個公約

過程中的不足跟問題提出關切，然後順應建議政府應該採取哪些具體措施，來

解決這些問題。這份文件的內容在撰寫的時候，委員會當然會考量政府提供的

所有資訊，也會考慮到由其他單位比如說兒少、或者是其他前述各界團體所提

供的資訊。委員會希望、或者說期許，致力於實現兒童權利的所有利害關係人，

23

 都能夠鼓勵跟支持政府、敦促政府落實各項結論性的意見，我們在本週五就會

提出這一份結論性意見。

最後我也希望，這樣子的審查會議會繼續地在未來每 5 年舉行一次，可以由國際

審查委員會來到臺灣，有可能委員會跟今日的組成不同，但是來到臺灣，針對

臺灣政府提出的第三次、第四次、第五次以及未來更多次的 CRC 國家報告進行

審查，來了解針對這個公約的落實狀況，謝謝大家。委員會非常感謝在這樣子

的審查過程當中，各位提出的意見跟資訊，也非常期待這一周我們可以有很建

設性，非常正面的對話，希望跟大家都有對話，希望跟政府的代表之間有更多

的討論，謝謝。

司儀：

我們再次謝謝國際審查委員會的主席 Doek 教授。那我們也希望，為了讓審查會

議能夠達到最大效果，都可以有雙向的溝通以及雙向的意見的交流。接下來為

各位補充介紹剛才來到現場的還有貝里斯大使館的碧坎蒂大使，非常謝謝大

使，謝謝。接下來呢，我們邀請國家人權委員會陳菊主任委員上台致詞，讓我

們掌聲歡迎陳菊主委。

國家人權委員會陳菊主任委員：

謝謝。林政務委員、李次長還有我們敬愛的 Doek 主席，以及所有 CRC 國際審查

委員會的委員，還有我們 NGOs 所有的工作夥伴，還有駐臺灣的各個國家代表，

還有我們很多的立法委員，首先感謝大家參與今天整個國際審查會議，那我在

這裡一定要非常感謝，在 5 年前的第一次 CRC 的國際審查委員，今天臺灣國家

人權委員會的成立，跟第一次 CRC 國際審查委員當年結論性的意見有關。當時

結論性的意見為臺灣催生了一個獨立性的國家人權機構，讓臺灣的人權發展往

前邁進了一大步。那我作為國家人權委員會第一任的主委，我非常感謝當年、5

年前你們的努力跟 NGOs 民間很多的期待，我會帶著你們的期待努力來落實兒少

的權利。

那我想要談到臺灣兒童權利，我特別要提到，臺灣爭取兒童權利一定要提到

1987 年，臺灣是在解嚴的前夕，當時民間社會大眾包括很多有心人士，我們當

時在解嚴的前夕，有救援雛妓的運動，這個牽涉到臺灣的原住民、牽涉到兒少

的性的剝削，這是臺灣在兒少運動之中非常重要的一個里程碑。當時我是 1979

年美麗島事件剛好坐牢回來，在 1987 年我很高興能夠參與這樣的救援雛妓的運

動，這個運動催生了臺灣幾個兒少跟婦女權利團體的成立，這個運動非常的重

要，特別是對後來《兒童及少年性剝削防制條例》的立法也是一個很重大的催

生。那我們明列了一個兒少性剝削的一個樣態，我們落實兒少保護的精神，我

們還加入網路社群怎麼樣子來防制的機制。今天在場很多關心兒少權利的朋友

都不會忘記，臺灣在 2000 年發生了在校園裡面有一個玫瑰少年葉永鋕不幸死亡

24

 的案件，那因為這個案件，進一步促成了臺灣我們《性別平等教育法》的通過，

這部的法案是禁止歧視作為我們的初衷，但是以教育為目的成為性別平權非常

重要的立法。那我記得 2010 年我擔任高雄市長，我參與臺灣在高雄第一次舉辦

我們同志的遊行，當時有很多的兒少在現場，我在台上公開的說：「高雄是一個

有人權、重視人權溫暖的城市，我承諾不管過去、現在和未來，我們都會秉持

多元價值的尊重。」葉永鋕的媽媽在遊行的最後她也站上舞台，她大聲的告訴

參與的很多民間團體、很多的群眾，她說：「我救不了我的孩子，但是我要救跟

他一樣的小孩。」

臺灣國家人權委員會受到這樣一個很大的啟示，我們會持續來關心 LGBTI 的議

題，那不讓任何小孩受到歧視跟霸凌。那今天在場的國際審查委員，還有很多

關心兒少權利的好朋友，國家人權委員會在未來一定會促進、落實兒少發展的

權利，兒少最佳的利益是我們所關心，我們一定禁止歧視及表達等權利，讓我

們、一定要讓兒少能夠成為真正他權利的一個主體性。所以臺灣的國際審查流

程跟在聯合國的其他國家來比較，是非常的密集同時是繁重的一個工作，我們

再次非常感謝 5 位國際審查委員願意為臺灣的兒少能夠在這中間給我們很多的支

持、關心、鞭策，我再一次代表國家人權委員會感謝你們到臺灣，謝謝大家，

謝謝。

司儀：

謝謝陳菊主委。主委請在台上留步，接下來是我們合照的時間，主委我們先在

旁邊稍候一下，我們工作人員要移動這個講台。接下來我們大合照的時間，有

請林萬億政務委員，我們再次掌聲歡迎國際審查委員會的主席，我們掌聲歡迎

國際審查委員會的主席 Doek 教授。接下來我們要有請這一次政府機關代表團的

副團長，衛福部的李麗芬政務次長，以及我們國際審查委員 Nevena Vuckovic

Sahovic、John Tobin、Nigel Cantwell、Laura Lundy 教授。我們也有請幾位國際審

查委員，我們工作人員協助引導一下，有請。也要有請承辦這次會議的衛福部

社家署的簡慧娟署長，署長一起加入合照。好，我們台上幾位貴賓我們是不是

一起看向前方鏡頭。接下來這個第二張我們一起比一個讚，好嗎？再一張，我

們是不是再次給台上的所有的貴賓以及國際審查委員一個熱烈掌聲。接下來我

們短暫休息 10 分鐘，我們在 10 點 15 分之前請各位貴賓回到會場，那我們在中

間休息時間需要換場，我們會調整這個桌椅，所以請我們的外賓、國際審查委

員，我們的次長、政委以及主委可以跟著我們工作人員的腳步到這個休息室，

那我們其他的參與我們大會的貴賓，也請您帶著隨身物品先到我們場外稍候一

下，我們有咖啡與熱茶，不好意思我們場內需要換場會調整桌椅，請大家先到

我們場外稍候一下。等一下回到會場，會是委員與國家人權委員會立法機關的

代表會議。那如果是直接要離場的貴賓，請記得要歸還口譯設備以及您的識別

證。

25

 Meeting Transcript

Emcee:

Ladies and gentlemen, onsite or online good morning, good afternoon or good evening.

Welcome to the opening ceremony for the Review Meeting of the ROC’s Second Report

under the Convention on the Rights of the Child.

Ladies and gentlemen, it’s been five years since we last met, and the last time the Review

Committee gave us a total of 98 Concluding Observations. They were very helpful for

Taiwan to promote the rights of children and youths. And this time, for the second report,

we are once again very happy and honored to be joined by five international experts and

we are very much looking forward to a lot of exchanges of ideas between the members

of the Review committee and the representatives of the ROC Taiwan government and

NGOs in the next five days. And next, I’m going to introduce the VIP guests joining us

today.

Ladies and gentlemen, let’s firstly welcome the Deputy Head of Delegation of the ROC

government Deputy Minister of Health and Welfare Lee Li-Feng. Lin Wan-I, the

Convener of Taskforce on Promoting Rights and Welfare for Children and Youth,

Minister without Portfolio Executive Yuan ROC Taiwan. President of National Human

Rights Commission ROC Taiwan, Chen Chu. And also here with us the Commissioners

of the National Human Rights Commission.

And also we are very happy to be joined by the representatives and ambassadors of

foreign missions here with us in Taiwan. We have Ambassador Carlos Jose Fleitas-

Embassy of the Republic of Paraguay. Welcome. Embassy of the Kingdom of Eswatini.

Welcome. Samuel Huang- Political Assistant American Institute in Taiwan. Welcome.

Dagmar Traub-Evans- Deputy Director General German Institute Taipei. Thank you so

much for joining us today. Representative Papua New Guinea Trade Office. Thank you

so much for joining us today.

Last but definitely not the least, our members of the International Review Committee

who have traveled long distances to join us here in Taiwan. The Chairman of the

committee, Professor Jakob Egbert Doek from Netherlands. Professor Nigel Cantwell

from Switzerland. Professor Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic from Serbia. Professor John

Tobin from Australia. And Professor Laura Lundy from Ireland. Thank you so much for

coming. And to open the meeting today, please welcome Lin Wan-I, Convener of

26

 Taskforce on Promoting Rights and Welfare for Children and Youth, Minister without

Portfolio Executive Yuan ROC Taiwan.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Distinguished International Reviewers and President Chen and Commissioners from

National Human Rights Commission, NHRC, dear legislators, and dear foreign

representatives, NGOs and children participants, ladies and gentlemen, dear friends

from the press online and onsite, good morning. On behalf of Premier Su of the

Executive Yuan, I would like to express our deepest appreciation to the five international

experts for coming to Taiwan. While we have not entirely entered the post-pandemic era,

thank you for being still willing to come to Taiwan to be the reviewers of our CRC

implementation. Professor Jakob Doek used to be a judge so I had this connection with

him when we first met, and I think four the reviewers came to Taiwan five years ago and

we have a new member from the IRC, so we would like to thank Professor Sahovic for

attending this review for the first time. I think among the concluding observations, we

think that we need to prioritize children’s needs and benefits and children’s rights need

to be included in the National Human Rights action plan. Also we need an independent

monitoring mechanism or institution for children’s rights. Of course, children should be

empowered to participate in all kinds of activities, alternative care needs to be improved

as well. Equality, non-discrimination as well other children’s rights are all very

important and were discussed extensively in the previous review meeting. In the past

five years, we spent half of the time fighting against COVID-19, I think it’s the same for

most of the countries but we have never stopped improving the implementation of

children’s rights. In 2008, with the support of President Tsai Ing-Wen, we launched the

first phase of the strengthening of the social safety net program.

Now we’re entering the second phase. In this program, one of the priorities is to protect

the children in Taiwan and with International Reviewers’ observations and

recommendations, we have invited children participants to attend the Child and Youth

Group conferences at the Executive Yuan. We also heard your voice about the need to

amend the Children and Youths Protection Act. Next year, our focus will shift from

judicial intervention to providing counseling and protective measures. And one of the

divisions of the NHRC, National Human Rights Commission, pays special attention to

children’s rights so we work very closely with the commission. This year, we’ve passed

the National Human Rights action plan and the CRC implementation becomes part of

27

 this national action plan in terms of budget, staffing and interministerial coordination

with the leadership of Premier Su. The Executive Yuan has been very active in

implementing such measures.

In the past 2,3 years, children representatives now have a deeper understanding of how

to attend these conferences and activities. Just this morning, they had a press conference

outside this venue to voice their needs to remind that it is really important to protect the

children and one of their slogans is that, “Children on campus need to enjoy their rights

as well.” I agree. I think wherever they are, in family, on campus, in society, children’s

rights which are stipulated in the CRC shall be protected. We accept the opinions from

international experts, from around the world. We’d like to work with different ministries,

NHRCs, NGOs and children themselves so that children’s rights can be better protected.

Finally, I would like to wish you health and success throughout the week. Thank you

very much. Thank you.

Emcee:

And just joining us, we have the commissioner of the National Human Rights

Commission. Thank you so much for joining us.

And just like Minister Lin has just said, we take, to all the members of the International

Review Committee, we take what you said very seriously, but we definitely know there’s

still a lot of room for improvement so we look forward to hearing more from you for the

next five days. And so next we are going to invite the Chair of the Review committee to

also share a few words with us on the stage.

Ladies and gentlemen, please join me in welcoming Professor Jakob Egbert Doek-

Chairman of the International Review Committee to the stage. Professor Jakob Egbert

Doek.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

I just like to look at this gathering of people. Excellencies, and all other participants,

children and youth, parents, members of parliament, civil servants of various ministries,

representatives of the National Human Rights Commission and of a wide variety of

NGOs promoting and supporting the implementation of the rights of the child, I’d like

to welcome you to this very special and unique week of Review of the Second Report

of the government of Taiwan on its implementation of the Convention on the Rights of

the Child. This event is unique because it is the only review event organized by a country

28

that cannot ratify the Convention on the Rights of the Child, but is nevertheless fully

committed to its implementation. The traditional review of the implementation of the

Convention on the Rights of the Child by 18 members of the CRC committee organized

by the Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights takes place in Geneva, which

has very limited, if any participation of children, youth and civil society organizations.

This review is organized by the government of the country that presents its second report

on the implementation of the CRC and takes place in the country itself and the review

is done by an international independent committee of experts in the field of children’s

rights. And I’m looking again at the people in this auditorium, it confirms the strong

commitment for the realization of the rights of children. Many, many thanks for your

commitment. And during these sessions don’t hesitate to contact members of the review

committee, they are just normal human beings. If you have any questions or suggestions

concerning the implementation of children’s rights, as you know the ultimate goal of

this review is the presentation of a document known as the concluding observations.

In the document, the review committee shall express its appreciation for the progress

made by the government of Taiwan in its implementation of the rights of children in

Taiwan. It shall also present its concerns about the still existing shortcomings and

problems in that implementation followed by recommendations for concrete measures

the government should take in order to solve them. For the content of this document, the

committee shall take into account of course, all the information provided by the

government, but also the information and then impress the body of information provided

by children and youth and all others mentioned before. The hope and in fact the

expectation of the committee is that all stakeholders in the implementation of the rights

of the child will encourage and support the government in its follow up to the

recommendations made in the concluding observations, which will be presented on

Friday this week. Finally, I’d like to express my hope that this kind of review sessions

will take place every five years in the years to come, which an International Review

Committee perhaps not with the same members as today, and that the government of

Taiwan will present its third, fourth, fifth and following reports in the next decades to

come for the implementation of the rights of the child. Thank you for being here, the

committee is very much appreciated for your support, your input in this review of its

second report of the government of Taiwan. And we are looking forward to a very

productive and constructive discussion and dialogue, it’s all of you and of course, in

particular with the government of Taiwan. Thank you.

29

Emcee:

Thank you so much to Professor Doek, Chairman of International Review Committee.

And just like Professor Doek just said, we really hope that we can see a lot of bilateral

exchanges and communication happening for the next five days.

Just joining us we also have Ambassador Candice Augusta Pitt from the Embassy of

Belize. Would you please stand up? Thank you so much for joining us today.

Next, please welcome Chen Chu- Chair of National Human Rights Commission ROC

Taiwan to the stage for the remarks.

Chen Chu, President of National Human Rights Commission:

Thank you. Minister Lin, and Chairman Doek as well as all the members of the CRC

review committee, representatives from NGOs as well as distinguished Ambassadors,

representatives to Taiwan, dear colleagues from the Legislative Yuan, first of all, I’d like

to thank you for joining us at the review meeting. First of all, I would like to express my

gratitude to all the members of the International Review Committee who gave us a lot

of helpful observations five years ago. And the establishment of the National Human

Right Commission can be partly attributed to the Concluding Observations made by the

committee. As a result this marks a huge milestone in Taiwan’s development of human

rights. So I’m grateful to your efforts with the expectations from the committee as well

as from the NGOs, I will continue to work hard to promote the rights of the child and

youth. On the rights of children, I think in 1987 when Taiwan, on the eve on the lift of

the martial law, saw a lot of members of the private sector working together to rescue

the child prostitutes.

In fact, we saw the instances of sexual exploitation of youth and children especially

indigenous children. That movement was definitely a significant milestone in Taiwan. I

was just released from prison in 1987 and I was honored to be part of that rescue

movement. That particular movement actually has given rise to the birth of many private

civil society organizations, which are devoted to the legislations to abolish sexual

exploitation of youth and children. So since then, we have been committed to protecting

children and youth as they go online. I know many of you are aware that in the year

2000 in Taiwan there is a young boy Yeh Yung-Chih, The Rose youth was found dead

on campus, that tragedy also gave rise to the passage of the anti-discrimination law

against different sexual orientation and also Gender Equality Education was born. In the

30

 year 2010, I was the mayor of Kaohsiung City. I took part in the first gay pride parade

in Kaohsiung. I saw many young people in that parade and I spoke at that event saying

that Taiwan, especially Kaohsiung, is a warm city, we are committed to protecting the

human rights of different groups, and we will continue to respect diverse values. At the

end of that parade, the mother of Yeh Yung-Chih also called upon participants to the

parade that she may not be able to save her own son, but she would like to save more

children and youth who are just like her son.

So we will continue to pay close attention to the issues in relation to LGBTI groups. We

will make sure that no children will be discriminated against or bullied because of their

sexual or gender orientation. So my commission will continue to implement the rules

and regulations in place to protect the rights of youth and children. We will continue to

respect children’s right to be heard. Our efforts aim to help children and youth to be the

subject of their own rights. So we have been working very closely with different sectors

in this regard. Once again, I’d like to thank all the committee members for providing us

a lot of support, advice and recommendations. On behalf of the National Human Rights

Commission, thank you for being here. Thank you.

Emcee:

Thank you Chair Chen. Please, stay on the stage now is time for a group photo. I’d like

to have the chair of National Human Rights Commission Chen Chu remain on the stage.

We’re going to have a group photo on the stage. And for that I would like to invite some

of our VIP guests to join us on the stage.

Let’s welcome once again Lin Wan-I Minister without Portfolio Executive Yuan ROC

Taiwan. Professor Jakob Egbert Doek, Chairman of the International Review Committee.

Professor Doek, please also join us on the stage. Alright, for the photo, you can take your

masks off. Thank you so much.

Next, please welcome the Deputy Head of delegation of the ROC government, Deputy

Minister of Health and Welfare Lee Li-Feng. And the members of the International

Review Committee. Professor Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic, would you please also join us

on the stage. Thank you so much. Professor John Tobin. Professor Nigel Cantwell,

Professor Laura Lundy. And next we would like to welcome Director General of Social

and Family Affairs Administration, Minister of Health and Welfare.

Firstly, look at the camera in front of you, alright. 3,2,1. A big smile. Yes. Thumbs up

31

everybody for the group photo, yes, 3, yes, both hands. 3,2,1. One last one 3,2,1. A big

round of applause to all of our VIP guests on the stage. You may return to your seats.

Thank you so much. Alright, ladies and gentlemen, that’s it for the opening ceremony.

Next, we’re going to take the 10-minute break and we will be back before 10:15.

Alright, we’ll take a 10-minute break from here and our VIP guests, please follow our

staff to the VIP room and for other participants, would you please bring your belongings

outside because we are going to arrange the chairs and tables a little bit for the meeting

next with the representatives of the National Human Rights Commission and the

Legislative Yuan ROC Taiwan. We have coffee and tea outside for you. Please help

yourselves and we will be back in 10 minutes. Thank you once again. And if you are

leaving, please don’t forget to return the headsets and also the badge. Thank you again.

We’ll see you in 10 minutes.

32

四、委員與國家人權委員會、立法委員會議

日期：2022 年 11 月 14 日（星期一）

時間：上午 10 時 10 分至 11 時

地點：台北國際會議中心 201 室

由國際審查委員與國家人權委員會、立法委員對話，瞭解我國在實施兒童

權利相關政策的進展及現況。

國際審查委員會委員聆聽與會代表報告

國家人權委員會葉委員大華簡報 立法院王委員婉諭簡報

33

 簡要紀錄

1. 國家人權委員會

由葉大華委員、田秋堇委員及范巽綠委員進行報告，針對兒少陳情及申訴機制、

兒少預算、捲入武裝衝突兒少、禁止一切形式暴力（家內性侵、學齡前兒童家內

受虐、校園體罰與霸凌）

、人權教育、司法少年、兒少勞動權益等議題提出建議。

（1） 葉大華委員：國家人權委員會於 2020 年 8 月 1 日正式運作，雖設於監察院，但

獨立行使職權，為依據巴黎原則成立的獨立人權機構，職權包含監督及落實各

項人權公約。人權會作用法，監察法中行使專章修法仍在立法院審議，人權會

是否設置監督兒權的專責單位或機制，建議政府應參考 CRPD 施行法，盡速修

正 CRC 施行法，明定兒童權利監督的內涵。有關兒少陳情跟申訴機制部分，人

權會建議政府跟學校，應建置符合友善兒少的申訴機制，並廣泛宣傳相關資訊

及管道；另建議政府應在《教育基本法》增列學生權利專章，來確保學生當事

人的權利。有關兒少預算，人權會建議政府應改善資源挹注方式，促進跟保障

兒少的參與表意、遊戲休閒與文化權及職涯發展，行政院應監督各級政府兒少

預算落實情形。有鑑於兩岸政經局勢緊張及變動，政府應確保戰時兒少權利，

人權會鼓勵政府接受《關於兒童捲入武裝衝突問題之任擇議定書》，教育部

2020 年學校青年服勤動員計畫，規劃將 16 歲至 18 歲高中職學生於戰時協助簡

易勤務，為避免戰時兒少有被辨識為武裝人員的風險，建議政府應研訂相關細

部指引。

（2） 田秋堇委員：有關禁止一切形式暴力，家內性侵案件，可否命加害人或嫌疑人

遷出，而非安置受害兒童，建議政府落實兒少替代性照顧政策，應將剝奪家庭

對兒童的照顧作為最後手段。學齡前兒童在家內受虐情形有越來越嚴重的趨

勢，希冀借重國際經驗，導入孕產婦和普及式新生兒訪視完善防護網絡，修正

《民法》第 1084、第 1085 條，積極進行社會溝通，禁止家內懲戒權。有關校

園體罰跟霸凌，學生們表示常見的是特定族群包括 LGBTQI 及身心障礙學生被

霸凌，我們建議參考 UNESCO 2006 年出版的正面管教法教師指引手冊，協助

教師建立友善的班級經營方式，加強推動反歧視教育，適時推廣校園修復式正

義成功經驗。

（3） 范巽綠委員：國家人權委員會負有人權理念倡導角色，與政府部門合作推展人

權教育，辦理活動及課程研發，依據聯合國人權教育實施四階段，進行國民教

育階段人權教育實施現況檢視，提出三面向建議，政策規劃與執行部分，建議

邀請公民及學生團體參與，應有實質考核指標檢視執行成效並定期公布執行報

告；課程規劃與師資培訓部分，建議與國際人權議題發展接軌，健全人權教育

師資體系，強化相關配套措施；校園人權環境部分，NHRC 應調查校園中學生

權益相關法規未獲實質遵守的情形，加強教師權益保障，改善學校職場環境。

針對司法少年，建議應該盡速完成《少年觀護所處遇實施條例》及《少年矯正

34

 學校處遇實施條例》的修正，明確規範戒具施用、懲處方式，同時確立申訴救

濟的管道，對其人事遷調、輔導管理制度應進行檢討。有關兒少勞動權部分，

建議政府部門應評估建立兒少專責勞動稽核部門，強化申訴管道及救濟扶助措

施，勞動教育應從國中、國小階段就加以投入。

2. 立法委員

（1） 范雲委員：關注議題為 LGBTI 學生、特教生及幼兒園師生比。LGBTI 學生在校

仍頻遭歧視及騷擾，並有因性傾向、性別氣質等遭受言語騷擾、性騷擾。特教

師資不足，無法提供各障別障礙生適足輔導及協助，特教生遭遇性別霸凌事

件，未統計被害者障別及障礙程度。建議政府應建立相關統計，調查 LGBTI 學

生在校現況，校園性別霸凌事件應納入障礙類別及程度，以基礎統計及實證研

究改善現況。臺灣幼兒園師生比自 1981 年至今沒有調整，維持 1:15，高於國際

許多，嚴重不符社會發展現況，亦不利兒童身心發展，教育部承諾會從 112 年

學年度啟動幼兒園師生比採逐年、循序的方式的達成目標 1:12，我們認為政府

相關部門應盡速提出逐年編列辦理的規劃期程。

（2） 王婉諭委員：關注議題為兒少自殺、友善親子的交通及公共建設規劃及兒少遭

受虐待及體罰議題。認為兒少自殺有多重因素，防治工作須跨領域，在我關心

和質詢之下，我們已促成了衛政端跟教育部輔導機制跨部會介接。但目前教育

部所聘輔導人力始終達不到我國法規標準，且專業人員還須負擔過重的行政業

務，影響輔導效能和學生接受輔導的成效。臺灣人行道狹窄，違規佔用情形非

常嚴重，推嬰兒車的家長難以通行；親子廁所設置不足。政府推動零體罰，但

學生遭老師毆打或命令做有害身體的行為，教育主管機關最後調查結果不認定

為體罰，顯示臺灣目前對體罰定義的謬誤。幼兒園發生兒虐事件，教育部未規

範兒少遭不當對待的調查程序，在我們今年《幼教法》修法要求之下，教育部

必須在子法中完備調查程序，建置調查人才的資料庫。此外，各地方政府持續

以案件已經進入司法程序為由，怠惰違反《兒少權法》的行政調查，亦不會讓

陳情家長們知道調查狀況，我認為這些都非常需要我國的政府體系一起來努

力，改善現況。

3. 第一輪詢答

（1） Laura Lundy 委員：請問國家人權委員會葉大華委員提及要在《教育基本法》中

設置兒童專章，您希望專章內涵為何？是要加入申訴機制還是其他兒童權利相

關的內涵？

⚫ 國家人權委員會葉大華委員：教育基本相關法規修定是因應教師對學生不當

管教而衍生的申訴機制，其主體不是學生。然我們認為，教育的主體應該是

學生，在《教育基本法》裡應有專章，凸顯學生作為兒童權利的主體，包括

申訴及救濟程序，包括由什麼樣的人提供協助，應該要有所謂的兒童或學生

權利專員這樣的制度給予學生協助。

35

 ⚫ 范雲立法委員：目前針對學生權益部分，立法院相關委員會剛通過，在大

學部分，要將學生在校務會議的比例，從目前的十分之一提高到四分之一，

目前正在等教育部版本，尚未進行政黨協商，但已收到很多大學校長出面

反對。在高中以下的學生權益，目前立法院才修法，把學生申訴制度做得

相對完善，但整體來講，高中以下學生權益還是非常不足，有一部分來自

於家長，包含學校老師會覺得還沒有準備好。另外關於校園霸凌跟性騷擾

的事件，學生權益仍待加強，尤其在性騷擾跟霸凌加害老師相關懲處會議，

受害學生的地位、及是否可得到完整報告，相關法規跟制度還不夠完善。

（2） Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic 委員：立法院兒少權利促進會的功能為何？有何職權？

王婉諭委員：兒少權利促進會成立的目的和我們工作的內容，針對國家已有法

律規定，但實際執行層面和整體文化的推動尚待努力的部分，如法律規定校園

內不得體罰，但仍看到多起校園內被處罰或是被訓練之後造成的身體的傷害，

仍不被主管機關認定體罰；臺灣法規規定孩子應該要坐在兒童汽車座椅上，但

執法層面開罰少。臺灣家長普遍未將孩子視為獨立個體，兒少權利促進會正在

促進社會能夠重視兒童，成立的目的，希望能夠透過跨黨派的委員一起來推動

、一起來跟社會對話。

（3） Nigel Cantwell 委員：請教國家人權委員會，在報告中提及家內性侵是特殊案

件，政府應要推動替代照顧措施或政策，特別要保護兒少不受家庭生活剝奪的

侵害，將兒少移出是最後手段，就此，我想請問這背後的連結？家內發生過什

麼樣子的性侵事件，使兒少需要離開家庭？這與替代性照顧政策的連結為何？

我想要了解家內性侵的嚴重程度，以致必須要離開家庭的兒童的人數之間的關

係。

國家人權委員會葉大華委員：國家報告當中，2016 年到 2021 年家內性侵兒少

被害人比例增幅達 54%，臺灣替代性照顧措施，寄養家庭資源少，遭受家內性

侵的兒少往往送至中途之家、安置機構，我們關切這個議題，也回應委員所提

的問題清單，目前因應首次結論性意見，政府已開始逐步建置替代性照顧資

源，我們樂見且期待相關的替代性照顧措施能夠因應到在家內受侵害的兒少的

照顧資源，這部分應該要加強投資。

（4） John Tobin 委員：我想要問的是關於兒少健康的影響及政策，就是氣候變遷對

於兒少健康的影響，這不直接關乎於簡報，而是兒少提到的資訊讓我想到這個

問題。

⚫ 國家人權委員會葉大華委員：關於兒少跟氣候變遷的議題，人權會進行獨

立評估意見資料蒐集過程中，兒少代表關注的是空污問題，臺灣在中部跟

南部有非常多石化工業基礎建設，帶來長期空氣汙染的問題，正是我們國

家正在積極要面對的一個議題，這部分我想可能之後的 NGOs 或是兒少代

表會有更多的意見來做表達，謝謝。

36

 ⚫ 王婉諭立法委員：氣候變遷對兒少的影響，是世代的問題，現在所有政策

均會影響到未來的孩子，主張在這樣的議題討論中，須讓兒童表意權能夠

被實踐。氣候變遷也造成極端氣候，今年立法院在教育文化委員會，成功

推動讓教育部願意讓學生可以有適合的穿著因應天氣變化。

（5） Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：兒少覺得國家人權委員會是個可以幫助他們的機構

嗎？兒童認為需要額外的兒童監察使嗎？兒少申訴案件很少，由兒少本人提出

又更少，是否建立特別的兒少委員或監察使，也許是一個作法？

國家人權委員會葉大華委員：國家人權委員會成立甫 2 年，委員們的專業多元，

針對首次結論性意見，設立相關專責單位，包含兒童監察使，這個部分我們

有在討論，惟目前職權行使上，立法尚未完備，還沒有這樣相關的法源依據，

較難直接推動，是否請委員直接建議，讓我們可以作為推動的參考。

4. 第二輪詢答

（1） Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic 委員：是否有可能針對兒童設立監察使？請問國家人

權委員會，有多少專職人力投入促進兒權？

國家人權委員會葉大華委員：國家人權委員會，法定員額 57 人，目前有 42 個

工作人員，運作分工並沒有設定哪些專責人力投入專做人權公約或人權議題，

均採任務分工。以這次獨立評估意見，我們調動 5 位工作人員投入。

（2） Laura Lundy 委員：幼兒教育的品質，相關師資的培訓，幼兒教師的資格、薪資

為何？

⚫ 范雲立法委員：法規規定須有資格證書的相關考試，否則該機構會被罰款

臺幣 3 萬到 30 萬。薪資的部分，政府今年 10 月公告調整，幼兒園老師依照

年資是 3 萬到 3.6 萬臺幣。因為工作負擔很大，師資普遍缺乏。

⚫ 王婉諭立法委員：臺灣的幼兒園狀況有所謂有三高三低，高勞動、高情緒、

高流動率，薪資低、福利低、保障低。平均來說這些勞動者、教保員在幼

兒園平均時間超過 10 個小時，當他們超時工作時，私立園所無法申請加

班費。所以我們希望讓雙薪家庭能安心育兒，公共托育量能需要增長。

（3） Nigel Cantwell 委員：我想要表達意見，並非問題。如何防止家內性侵案件，以

及了解親屬照顧是否有幫助？寄養家庭也並非答案，重點在於如何幫助孩子盡

量住在家中，持續研究這個議題，幫助被害兒童繼續留在家中，也需要了解家

外安置有哪些因素需要考量，才能保護孩子的權益。

37

 Meeting Minutes

1. National Human Rights Commission （NHRC）

Commissioners Yeh Ta-Hua, Tien Chiu-Chin and Fan Sun-Lu of NHRC gave reports on

mechanisms for children to make petitions and file complaints, child budget, children

involved in armed conflict, prohibition of all forms of violence （domestic sexual assault,

abuse of preschool children at home, corporal punishment on campus and bullying）,

human rights education, juveniles released from correctional facilities, labor rights of

children and youth, and other issues and the International Review Committee gave

recommendations.

（1）Yeh Ta-Hua, Commissioner: NHRC officially started operation on August 1st, 2020.

Although it is set up under the Control Yuan, NHRC operates independently. It is an

independent human rights institution established in accordance with the Paris

Principles. Its functions include monitoring the implementation of various human

rights conventions. The Organic Act of the Control Yuan National Human Rights

Commission is still being discussed by the Legislative Yuan. The issues revolve around

whether NHRC should set up a dedicated division or mechanism to monitor children’s

rights. We suggest that the government should refer to the Act to Implement the

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities （CRPD） and amend the

Implementation Act of the Convention on the Rights of the Child as soon as possible

to define the scope of children’s rights and supervision. Regarding the mechanism for

children to make petitions and file complaints, NHRC recommends that the

government and schools should establish a children-friendly complaint mechanism and

publicize relevant information and channels; NHRC also recommends that the

government should add a special chapter on student rights in the Education

Fundamental Act to ensure the rights of students. Regarding the child budget, NHRC

suggests that the government should invest more to promote and protect children’s

rights to participate and to express opinions, children’s recreation, leisure and cultural

rights; and career development. The Executive Yuan should supervise the

implementation of the child budget at all levels of government. Considering the

political tension across the Taiwan Strait and the ever-changing political and economic

situation, the government should ensure the rights of children in conflict. NHRC

encourages the government to accept the Optional Protocols to the CRC on the

Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict. Ministry of Education’s Youth Service

38

 Mobilization Plan for 2020 plans to recruit high school students aged between 16 and

18 to assist in simple logistic duties during wartime. To reduce the risk of children and

youth being seen as armed personnel during wartime, NHRC suggests that the

government should formulate relevant guidelines.

（2）Tien Chiu-Chin, Commissioner: Regarding prevention of all forms of violence,

particularly in household sexual abuse cases when the abused children were moved to

placement instead of removing the perpetrators or suspects from the household, NHRC

suggests that the government should implement the Policy for the Alternative Care of

Children, and removing children from the family should be considered as the last resort.

The abuse of preschool children at home is becoming more and more serious. We hope

to learn from other countries to introduce a comprehensive visit network for pregnant

women, newborn babies and their families; to amend Articles 1084 and 1085 of the

Civil Code; to actively communicate with the public about stopping disciplinary

authority in the household. Regarding corporal punishment and bullying on campus,

according to students, certain groups, including LGBTQI and students with disabilities

tend to be bullied. We suggest that “Positive discipline in the inclusive, learning-

friendly classroom. A guide for teachers and teacher educators” published by UNESCO

in 2006 can be used to help teachers with friendly class management methods,

strengthen anti-discrimination education, and promote successful experiences of

restorative justice on campus.

（3）Fan Sun-Lu, Commissioner: NHRC’s role is to advocate human rights concepts and

we work with the government to promote human rights education, conduct activities

and develop educational materials. We follow the four phases of “the World

Programme for Human Rights Education” of the UN to examine the current status of

human rights education in Taiwan’s National Curriculum and propose suggestions on

three aspects. Regarding policy-making and implementation, it is recommended that

the government invite citizens and student groups to participate in the process; concrete

assessment indicators should be established to verify the outcome of implementation

and reports on the implementation should be published regularly. In terms of

curriculum planning and teacher training, it is suggested that the curriculum should be

in line with the development of international human rights issues; teachers for human

rights education should be trained; relevant supporting measures should be

strengthened; In terms of creating campuses respecting human rights, NHRC should

investigate situations when the laws and regulations related to students’ rights have not

39

 been complied with on campuses; protect teachers’ rights and interests, and improve

the workplace environment on campuses. For juveniles released from correctional

facilities, it is suggested that the “Statute of Juvenile Detention Houses” and the

“Statute of Juvenile Correction Schools” should be revised as soon as possible to

clearly regulate the use of restraints, methods of punishment, and at the same time

establish channels for complaints and remedies. Personnel transfer and counseling

management systems should also be reviewed. Regarding children’s labor rights, it is

suggested that government agencies should evaluate and establish a labor audit

department dedicated to children; strengthen the channels for filing complaints and

measures for applying for relief; and invest to promote labor education in elementary

schools and junior high schools.

2. Legislators

（1）Fan Yun, Legislator: I am concerned about LGBTI students, special education students,

and the teacher-student ratio in kindergartens. LGBTI students often face

discrimination and harassment at schools, and they have been verbally and sexually

harassed because of their sexual orientation and gender expression. With insufficient

teachers of special-needs education, schools are unable to provide students with

disabilities adequate counseling and assistance. Students with special needs face

gender-based bullying, but the statistics do not show victims’ disabilities and their

degree of impairment. I would suggest that the government collect relevant statistical

data to investigate the situation of LGBTI students in schools and records of gender-

based bullying incidents on campus should include victims’ types of disability and

degrees of impairment, so we can work to improve the current situation with basic

statistics and empirical study. The teacher-student ratio in kindergartens in Taiwan has

not been adjusted since 1981. It has remained at 1:15, which is much higher than the

international average. This does not match the current social development and is not

conducive to children’s physical and mental development. Ministry of Education has

promised to gradually change the ratio to 1:12, but we believe that relevant government

agencies should propose a timeline with year-by-year plans as soon as possible.

（2）Wang Wan-Yu, Legislator: I am concerned with child suicide, family-friendly

transportation and infrastructure, child abuse and corporal punishment. I believe that

there are many factors behind child suicide, and so prevention of child suicide involves

different disciplines. After I expressed my concerns and made inquiries, we have

40

 facilitated the inter-ministerial collaboration between Ministry of Health and Welfare

and Ministry of Education to set up a suicide counseling mechanism. However, at

present, the number of consultants employed by Ministry of Education has not met the

standards of our laws and regulations, and professional consultants are often

overburdened with administrative work, which affects the effectiveness of their

consultation and the effectiveness of students receiving consultations. Sidewalks in

Taiwan are very narrow, and sidewalks are occupied illegally. It is thus very difficult

for parents pushing strollers to walk on sidewalks. The number of family restrooms is

also insufficient. The government has promoted zero tolerance of corporal punishment,

but when students are beaten by teachers or ordered to carry out tasks that harm them

physically, education authorities investigating the incidents usually do not recognize

such instances as corporal punishment. This shows that people in Taiwan have a

misunderstanding about the definition of corporal punishment. For child abuse

incidents that occurred in kindergartens, Ministry of Education has not established

SOPs for the investigation procedures for the mistreatment of children. This year, when

we were revising the Early Childhood Education and Care Act, we demanded Ministry

of Education establish the investigation procedures in the sub-regulations and build a

database of investigators. In addition, local governments continue to neglect the need

to conduct administrative investigations of incidents in violation of The Protection of

Children and Youths Welfare and Rights Act by saying that the incident has entered the

judicial process and they will not inform the parents filing complaints of the status of

the investigation. I think all these situations need to be improved with efforts by the

government.

3. First round of Q&A

（1）Laura Lundy: I have a question for Commissioner Yeh Ta-Hua of NHRC. You

mentioned that a special chapter for children should be added to the Educational

Fundamental Act. What are the contents of such a chapter? Is it necessary to add a

complaint mechanism or other content related to children’s rights?

⚫ Yeh Ta-Hua, Commissioner, National Human Rights Commission （NHRC）:

Some provisions of the Educational Fundamental Act have been revised to add

complaint mechanisms because of teachers’ improper discipline of students, but

the main subject is not students. We believe that the main subject of education

should be students, and so there should be a special chapter in the “Educational

41

 Fundamental Act” highlighting the fact that students are the main subjects of

children’s rights. The chapter should include complaint and remedy procedures,

who should provide assistance, such as a so-called Children’s or Student’s Rights

Commissioner, to assist students.

⚫ Fan Yun, Legislator: Regarding the rights and interests of students, relevant

committees of the Legislative Yuan have just passed the proposal to increase the

proportion of student representatives in university affairs committees from the

current 1/10 to 1/4 in universities. We are still waiting to receive the draft from

Ministry of Education to start negotiations among political parties, but we have

already received opposition from many university presidents. Regarding the rights

and interests of primary and secondary education students, the Legislative Yuan

has amended relevant regulations to improve the student complaint system.

However, overall speaking, we still have a long way to go to improve the rights

and interests of primary and secondary education students. Part of the reason is

that some parents and school teachers feel that students are not ready yet.

Regarding campus bullying and sexual harassment incidents, the rights and

interests of students still need to be improved, especially in disciplinary meetings

for sexual harassment and teachers bullying students. Relevant laws and

regulations on issues regarding the status of the victims, and whether or not they

can receive a complete report are still insufficient.

（2）Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic: What is the function of the Children’s Rights Promotion

Committee in the Legislative Yuan? What are your tasks?

Wang Wan-Yu, Legislator: The purpose and tasks of the Children’s Rights Promotion

Committee are to focus on areas where there are already existing laws and regulations,

but the actual implementation and promotion still need to be improved. For instance,

despite the fact that the laws have stipulated zero tolerance for corporal punishment,

we continue to see multiple cases of corporal punishment on campus or victims being

injured after training. In many cases, the competent authority did not recognize such

acts as corporal punishment. Also, the laws and regulations have stipulated that

children must use child safety seats in cars, but in reality, law enforcement has not

really punished parents for violating the regulation. Parents in Taiwan generally do not

regard children as independent individuals. The Children’s Rights Promotion

Committee hopes to ensure that society can pay attention to children’s rights. The

42

 purpose of its establishment is to put together cross-party legislators to promote and

have dialogues with the society.

（3）Nigel Cantwell: I have a question for NHRC. In your report, you mentioned that the

government should promote alternative care measures or policies for victims of sexual

abuse at home, but to protect children from the deprivation of family life, removing

children from the home should be the last resort. For this, I would like to ask about the

links. What kind of sexual abuse at home would require removing the child from the

family? How is the link to alternative care policy? I want to know the severity of sexual

abuse at home and the number of children who were forced to leave their families and

the connections between the two.

Yeh Ta-Hua, Commissioner, NHRC: In the state report, the proportion of victims of

sexual abuse at home has increased by 54% from 2016 to 2021. As Taiwan alternative

care measures, particularly the number of foster families are insufficient, children

suffering from sexual abuse at home are often sent to stay in halfway houses and

placement facilities. We are concerned about this issue. Also, to respond to the List of

Issues by Committee Members, at present, in response to the Concluding Observations

of the first review meeting, the government has begun to gradually invest in alternative

care. We are happy to see the progress and we look forward to seeing relevant

alternative care measures helping to support children who have been abused at home.

The investment of alternative care should be increased.

（4）John Tobin: My question is about children’s health, mainly, the impact of climate

change on children’s health. This is not mentioned in your presentations, but some

information mentioned by the children reminds me of this question.

⚫ Yeh Ta-Hua, Commissioner, NHRC: About children and climate change, when

NHRC collected data for independent assessment, children were concerned about

air pollution. There are a lot of petrochemical industry-related infrastructures in

central and southern Taiwan, which leads to long-term air pollution. This is an

issue that Taiwan has to face actively. I think that NGOs or representatives from

children and youth groups will also touch upon this issue later.

⚫ Wang Wan-Yu, Legislator: Climate change’s impact on children is a generational

issue. All present policies will affect the future generation. I would advocate that

children should be able to express their opinions when such issues are being

43

 discussed. Climate change has also led to extreme weather. This year, the

Education and Culture Committee of the Legislative Yuan has successfully

persuaded Ministry of Education to allow students to wear appropriate clothing to

cope with the weather.

（5）Jakob Egbert Doek: Do children feel that the NHRC is an institution that can help them?

Do they think they need to have a separate ombudsman for children’s rights? You have

mentioned that the number of complaints regarding children’s rights is very limited and

very few are filed by children themselves. Do you think a separate ombudsman for

children’s rights would be a suitable approach?

Yeh Ta-Hua, Commissioner, NHRC: The NHRC was established two years ago, and

commissioners have diverse specialties. With regard to the recommendations

mentioned in the first Concluding Observations, we have set up dedicated divisions.

Regarding having a separate ombudsman for children’s rights, we have discussed this

issue, but as the laws on our functions and authority have not been passed, we do not

have a relevant legal basis, so it is difficult to directly promote the idea. May we suggest

the Review Committee include this in the recommendations so we can promote the

idea?

4. Second round of Q&A

（1）Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic: Is it possible to have an ombudsman for children? A

question for NHRC. How many people in your office work on children’s rights issues?

Yeh Ta-Hua, Commissioner, NHRC: At present, the law stipulates that NHRC can have

57 staff members and we currently have 42 staff members. Our division of labor does

not specify who should be dedicated to which areas, such as human rights conventions

or human rights issues. Our division of labor is more task-oriented. For example, to

conduct the independent assessment for this report, five staff members were involved.

（2）Laura Lundy: Regarding the quality of early childhood education and the training of

preschool teachers, what qualifications are required to become preschool teachers, and

what are their salaries?

⚫ Fan Yun, Legislator: The laws stipulate that preschool teachers need to acquire

relevant qualification certificates by passing relevant examinations; otherwise, the

institution hiring the person will be fined NT$30,000 to NT$300,000. As for the

44

 salary, the government announced in October this year that preschool teachers’

salaries should be adjusted to between NT$30,000 to 36,000 according to their

years of service. With heavy workloads, we do not have enough preschool teachers.

⚫ Wang Wan-Yu, Legislator: Taiwan’s kindergartens have the following

characteristics: long working hours, emotionally charged, low retention rate, low

salary, few benefits, and little welfare. On average, staff and teachers spend more

than 10 hours in kindergartens. When they work overtime, they do not get paid for

overtime in private kindergartens. So we really want to make sure that double-

income families can raise children with peace of mind, to do that, the number of

public childcare centers needs to be increased.

（3）Nigel Cantwell: I want to make a comment, so this is not a question. Regarding the

prevention of sexual abuse in the family, and whether or not kinship care can help,

foster care is actually not the answer. The point is how to help children stay in the

family as much as possible. We need to continue to conduct research on this issue; to

help children victims stay in the family. We also need to understand what other factors

should be considered when we are going to put children elsewhere to protect their rights

and interests.

45

 逐字稿紀錄

司儀：（會前提醒）

現場的與會貴賓，委員與國家人權委員會、立法委員會議將於 5 分鐘後正式開

始，會議左右兩側都有座位表，請各位貴賓盡快入座。各位貴賓，再次提醒各

位，我們委員與國家人權委員會、立法委員會議，我們將預計 2 分鐘之後開始，

請各位貴賓入座，謝謝。

司儀：

各位貴賓大家早安，兒童權利公約第二次國家報告國際審查會議之委員與國家

人權委員會、立法委員會議，會議開始，在這邊先跟各位介紹我們這邊的與會

規則以及說明，本場會議總共 50 分鐘，前 20 分鐘將由國家人權委員會以及立法

機關代表進行報告。後 30 分鐘會由審查委員和與會代表進行詢答，國家人權委

員會共有 3 名委員會依序進行簡報，簡報時間合計為 10 分鐘，由兩名立法委員

會依序各簡報 5 分鐘，也提醒各位委員可以先把我們的口譯機先戴上。時間到前

3 分鐘以及 1 分鐘都會舉牌提醒，請大家留意發言時間。時間到前 3 分鐘以及 1

分鐘都會舉牌提醒，請大家留意。會議的全程都會提供中英文同步口譯，為了

使口譯人員能夠清楚的收聽發言內容，請發言代表注意語速，謝謝。現在將時

間交由主席主持。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

歡迎大家來到這個非常特別的場次，將會由來自於立法院以及國家人權委員會

的代表簡報。委員會很想要了解這兩個單位的代表發言，我們過去已經收到了

相關的書面資訊，而在簡報過後也會有詢答，是不是我們先有請立法委員？

國家人權委員會葉大華委員：

是人權委員會。是要請 NHRC 還是立委先？

司儀：

會先請人權委員會這邊進行簡報，依序是請葉大華委員、田秋堇委員，那最後

一位是范巽綠委員再進行簡報。

國家人權委員會葉大華委員：

好，主席、各位審查委員還有與會先進大家早安。國家人權委員會將由我及田

秋堇委員、范巽綠委員分別就人權會簡介還有首次結論性意見及問題清單平行

回復重點，及人權會關注的重要議題進行簡報。首先，簡介國家人權委員會，

人權會是 2020 年 8 月 1 號正式成立跟運作，依據本會組織法第 3 條規定，人權

會設置委員 10 人，本會主任委員由監察院院長兼任，並由具備多元人權工作背

46

景的 7 位監察委員為當然委員，另外每年遴派 2 位監察委員為本會委員。由於本

會是由監察委員兼任人權委員，因此具有混和型人權機關的性質。另外人權會

職權中包括提交各人權公約獨立評估意見，因此本會於去年 3 月到今年 4 月，歷

經 1 年的時間，透過兒少分區座談、NGOs 焦點座談，行政機關座談以及專家學

者座談蒐集意見，總計完成 142 個點次的 CRC 獨立評估意見，並在今年 4 月對

外發布，大家可於人權會的官網下載。

關於 CRC 首次結論性意見第 15 點，促進兒權及獨立監督機制的部分，審查委員

會建議應該依巴黎原則及第 2 號一般性意見，成立獨立的國家人權機構，並設置

監督兒童權利的專責單位，而且能受理調查，處理針對所有公私部門的兒童權

利申訴案件，那目前國家人權委員會是依據巴黎原則成立的獨立人權機構，組

織雖然設立於監察院，但是獨立行使職權，不受其他機關監督之合議制機關。

人權會的職權包含監督及落實各項人權公約，當然也包含 CRC。只是人權會的

作用法、監察法中的行使專章的修法仍在立法院審議當中。那關於人權會是否

設置監督兒權的專責單位或機制，建議政府應該參考 CRPD 施行法，盡速來修正

CRC 施行法，來明定兒童權利監督的內涵。

有關於建置友善具可近性的兒少陳情跟申訴機制的部分，人權會曾經調查全國

中央及地方政府各機關人民陳情案件，發現到兒少的申訴陳情案件，占整體的

總申訴案件的比例，大概只有千分之 4.6，非常的少，其中兒少自行申訴案件也

只占所有兒少申訴案件的 17.1%，顯然相關陳情跟申訴機制還沒有具備足夠的安

全跟友善度。目前人權會已經在今年 6 月在官網建置兒童版的陳情專區，並提供

網路、電話、書面等多元陳情的方式跟管道，也將會持續宣導，來有利於兒少

來運用。

依據監察院與人權院的案件調查及委託研究發現，教育體系面臨許多兒少申訴

的困境，例如：申訴管道的不夠透明、個資或身分容易被洩漏、申訴案件受理

後難以追蹤結果、申訴評議委員會成員沒有利益迴避、審議的過程學生跟家長

沒有辦法列席陳述意見等等，整體來說校園仍然缺乏安全且鼓勵兒童表達意見

的環境。因此人權會建議政府跟學校，應建置符合友善兒少的申訴機制，並廣

泛的宣傳相關申訴資訊及管道。另外針對前面所提到的兒少申訴的困境，人權

會也建議政府應該在《教育基本法》增列學生權利專章，來確保學生當事人的

權利。

回應有關問題清單點次 1.6 人權會處理跟侵害兒少權利案件有效性的部分，由於

人權會剛成立滿 2 年，在欠缺職權行使的作用法下，仍然努力的就國家人權政策

及法令提出具體建議，對於侵害人權案件進行訪查、系統性訪查與研究以及人

權教育的推廣，擬撰獨立評估意見。其中就兒童人權侵害進行系統性訪查有 2 案，

一個案子是參照澳洲兒童性侵調查報告所進行的兒少安置機構及校園性侵系統

訪查案，另外一個是移工如何在異鄉撫育孩子的系統性訪查案。回應 CRC 首次

47

 結論性意見第 18 點，關於兒少預算資源配置部分，人權會發現我國兒少預算占

GDP 的占比，雖然從 2.12%成長到 2.21%，但仍然遠低於 OECD 國家的標準，且

兒少發展類的預算不受重視。2020 年較 2017 年減幅高達 33.3%居各類之冠。因

此人權會建議政府應該改善資源挹注的方式，促進跟保障兒少的參與表意、遊

戲休閒與文化權及職涯發展，另外行政院也應該監督各級政府兒少預算落實的

情形。

最後就是回應問題清單點次 1.1，關於加入任擇議定書的部分，有鑑於兩岸政經

局勢緊張及變動，政府應該確保戰時兒少權利的保障，因此人權會鼓勵政府接

受《關於兒童捲入武裝衝突問題之任擇議定書》。此外教育部 2020 年的學校青年

服勤動員計畫，規劃將 16 歲到 18 歲的高中職學生，於戰時協助簡易急救、消防

、 、生產、交通運輸等勤務，那為了避免戰時兒少有被辨識為武裝人員的風險，

人權會也建議政府應研訂相關細部指引。接續請田秋堇委員發言。

國家人權委員會田秋堇委員：

接著是國家人權委員會其他關注的重要議題。有關於問題清單點次 9.9 禁止一切

形式暴力，有關家內性侵案件，可否命加害人或是嫌疑人遷出，而不是安置受

害兒童。鑒於家內性侵案件的特殊性，建議政府落實兒少替代性照顧政策，應

該將剝奪家庭作為對兒童的照顧作為最後的手段。針對家內性侵案件兒少被害

人，在各處遇階段的處遇焦點跟工作方法，應該參酌 CRC 第 14 號一般性意見，

依照兒童最佳利益原則，並且尊重兒童表意權的基礎上，發展妥適的整合性處

遇措施。

有關這個獨立評估意見 27 條、28 條以及 71 條、77 條有關於兒童虐待的問題，

我們發現學齡前兒童在家內受虐的情形有越來越嚴重的趨勢，尤其 2016 年到

2020 年家內受虐的兒童中，0 歲到 6 歲學齡前的兒童受虐人數比例逐年攀升的趨

勢，那重大兒虐致死案件，大部分是學齡前的兒童，未滿 3 歲嬰幼兒占 8 成，在

2020 年重大兒虐致死案件中，我們發現這個重大的問題，希望借重國際經驗，

師法日本導入孕產婦和普及式新生兒訪視的完善防護網絡，也希望可以參酌國

際經驗，像是日本跟韓國，就如何修正《民法》第 1084、第 1085 條，積極進行

社會溝通，禁止家內懲戒權。

有關這個獨立評估意見 78 條到 84 條，有關校園體罰跟霸凌，2019 年體罰事件通

報的件數占比，12 歲以下占 71.9%，老師對學生的霸凌超過 95%是語言霸凌，學

生對學生的霸凌，在我們所舉辦的兒少座談，學生們表示常常見到的比較是，

特定族群包括 LGBTQI 學生以及身心障礙學生被霸凌。我們建議參考 UNESCO

2006 年出版的正面管教法教師指引手冊，協助教師建立友善的班級經營方式，

民間團體的朋友已經翻譯成中文，希望可以加強推動反歧視教育，同時可以適

時推廣校園修復式正義的成功經驗，謝謝。

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國家人權委員會范巽綠委員：

國家人權委員會除了在督促相關的政府部門人權教育的推動之外，本身就負擔

了很重要的人權理念倡導的角色，所以我們跟教育部合作，啟動人權教育合作

的深耕計畫，辦理人權教育的影展跟攝影展。另外就是與國家教育研究院合作

辦理人權教育課程研發，跟教學資源平臺的建置計畫，這是針對所有政府部門

的公務人員，包括執法人員、軍職、軍警的一個模組化課程的研發。同時根據

聯合國人權教育實施四個階段，進行國民教育階段人權教育實施現況的檢視計

畫，提出以下幾個重要的點。第一個就是重新評估人權教育相關業務的人力跟

資源的需求，要邀請公民團體跟學生團體，參與人權教育政策之規劃跟執行，

同時對於執行的成效，應該有實質的考核指標，定期的公布執行報告，接受外

部監督，優化人權議題課程與教學系統。課程規劃跟師資培訓的部分，要跟國

際的人權議題的新興發展能夠接軌，健全人權教育的師資的體系，強化相關配

套措施。校園人權的環境，NHRC 應該調查校園中學生權益相關法規未獲實質遵

守的情形，對教師權益跟他們的教學環境，應該加以重視。

其次是監察院近年對於司法機關、矯正機關、還有兒少安置機構發生的霸凌、

集體鬥毆、暴動搖房、性侵害等案件，在 2021 年派了 6 位人權委員，成立 NPM

的防制酷刑的專案小組，也啟動國家防制酷刑機制的訪視試行計畫，這個計畫

分別看了 4 所矯正署矯正學校，及衛福部 4 所安置機構，我們發現以下問題：就

單獨監禁作為懲罰，違法施用戒具、未依法通報集體的霸凌的文化、未保障表

意權、未落實輔導為主的班級經營模式、課程規劃不具多元性、處遇欠缺個別

化，所以我們積極的建議應該盡速完成少年觀護所處遇實施條例，矯正學校的

處遇實施條例的修正，其相關規範，包括戒具的施用、懲處的方式等等，都應

該要有好的一個修正，同時確立申訴救濟的管道，對它的人事遷調、福利管道、

輔導管理制度應進行檢討。

關於兒少的權益、勞動權益的部分，這是教育部委託台少盟近年來做的一個調

查，在這裏頭看到出現的問題，還是沒有依法維持基本的薪資，或者工作到夜

間 10 點、有凌晨工作的經驗，違反《勞基法》工時跟薪資的規定。所以我們希

望建議政府部門應該評估建立兒少專責的勞動稽核部門，強化申訴管道及救濟

扶助措施，勞動教育的實施，應該從國中國小的階段就加以投入。我們結語是

人權委員會非常關切 CRC 核心的教育的目標，我們認為透過種種教育過程，還

有保護措施，是希望培養兒童於自由的社會中，過負責任的生活。國家人權委

員會將持續聽取兒少的意見，實踐兒少表意權並與政府、民間團體、企業攜手

合作，逐步落實 CRC 及相關國際公約，保障每個兒童的基本權利。簡報結束、

謝謝各位聆聽。

司儀：

謝謝。接下來我們有請范雲委員及王婉諭委員依序各簡報 5 分鐘，歡迎。

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范雲立法委員：

好。各位國際委員還有國家人權委員會陳菊主委，所有的委員、政委、立法院

同事還有臺灣關心兒童權利的好朋友，大家早安。我是立法院委員范雲，也是

立法院教育文化委員會的成員，今天要趁這個很難得的機會，向我們在場的國

際委員以及大家報告，臺灣兒童權利的部分我所關注的焦點跟建議的解方。

今年 3 月我遞交報告總共提到 4 個，如這個簡報中所關注的重點，但因為今天時

間比較有限，我將焦點放在第一項 LGBTI 學生、第二項特教學生以及第四項幼

兒園的師生比這 3 個議題上。我們可以看到簡報上講的，根據民間團體同志諮詢

熱線的調查，在 2020 年，LGBTI 學生中，有 90%在學校內有聽過歧視言論，而

且三分之二是來自教職員，超過 60%的 LGBTI 學生，曾經在學校裡因為自己的

性傾向、性別氣質等遭受到言語的騷擾，超過 30%LGBTI 學生曾遭受到性騷

擾。關於特教的部分，因為特教師資不足未能夠確實提供各障別特教生針對性

的輔導跟協助。最後，特教生在校園中，如果遇到性別霸凌事件，並未統計被

害者的相關障別與及障礙程度。

針對這些議題，范雲主張，教育部應該要積極調查現況，建立相關統計，提供

足量的特教協助。針對 LGBTI 學生，除了教育部應該要負起徹查學校是否有歧

視性的政策之外，更應該積極調查 LGBTI 學生現況，做相關的統計提出積極有

效的改善措施，也應該更新全面性教育內涵從基礎做起。針對特教生，應該要

調查特教生與其家長對申訴管道的了解程度。在校園性別霸凌案的調查，也應

該要納入各種障別以及障礙程度的類別統計。目前僅有的調查選項是特教生，

但是是什麼樣的特教生？什麼障別與障礙程度？目前沒有統計。如果我們沒有

完善的基礎數字統計協助，那我們也很難以投注足夠的精準資源，來協助這些

學生改善現象。我想分享今年 9 月從紐約聯合國的宣傳活動回來，期間有拜訪

OutRight Action International 總部，OutRight 是目前唯一一個具有聯合國諮商地位

的全球同志的倡議組織，他們分享到做同志的平權倡議，最重要的事情就是，

必須要掌握各項科學研究的實證結果與數字，那這是倡議過程中，非常關鍵的

一步。從我剛剛說明的 CRC 報告建議可以得知，OutRight 的想法跟我的想法一

樣的，若政府要做好同志平權的話，那基礎的統計以及實證研究，絕對是改善

現況不可或缺的一個重要前提。

最後我要講的是，幼兒園師生比過高的問題。臺灣的幼兒園師生比目前是 1:15，

這個數字是從 1981 年以來，長達 40 年沒有調整，已經嚴重沒有辦法符合社會發

展的現況，而且也會不利兒童身心的發展，所以因此很多虐兒的事情，一直層

出不窮相當難以處理。我國出生人口逐年已經減到不足 16 萬，但是幼兒園仍然

維持 1:15 師生比，高於國際許多。我們在簡報上可以看到，新加坡跟澳洲的是

比例是 1:10、芬蘭是 1:7、瑞典跟丹麥則是以孩子為本的 1:6，經過我們教育文化

委員會的委員的努力，民團與專家學者還有第一線幼教老師的努力，教育部最

50

 近承諾會從 112 年學年度啟動，幼兒園的師生比採逐年、循序的方式的達成目標

1:12，行政院也已經提高了教保人員的待遇，這些都是正確的方向，但是由於教

育部還沒有具體的相關的規劃，我們認為政府相關部門應該要盡速提出，逐年

編列辦理的規劃期程。以上就是我今天的簡報，謝謝大家的聆聽。

王婉諭立法委員：

各位委員大家好。范委員好、各位長官們大家好，我是立委王婉諭，跟范委員

一樣是在教育及文化委員會，同時我也是立法院兒少促進會的會長，並且是 4 個

孩子媽媽。首先非常感謝我們可以在這邊參與，並且來做一個表達我們的意見。

臺灣對於 CRC 的實踐和審視是非常重要，這不僅是象徵著我們對於兒少的重視，

同時對國際社會來說，這更傳達了我們自發性與國際兒童標準接軌的重要訊息。

但是作為一個立法委員，我們有監督施政的角色，所以我必須要嚴正的來指出

來，即便之前國際委員已經明確的點出了我國兒少權益所面臨到的問題，但是

政府單位對於兒少權益重視度和推動程度還有很大進步空間。首先我們看到國

際委員在 2017 年提出來的結論性意見當中，建議政府評估及處理導致兒童、兒

少自殺的因素。然而我們看到的是臺灣近幾年兒少自殺人數卻是持續的攀升，

14 歲以下的自殺通報人數，從 2015 年的 379 人、提升到 2020 年的 2,742 人，成

長了約 7 倍之多。而根據監察院報告，18 歲以下的學生自殺身亡個案，有將近 7

成是從未接觸過校內的輔導資源。所以我多次質詢了教育部，希望能夠在校園

心輔機制的規劃以及執行上逐漸的進步。第一，我認為自殺是多重因素所造成

的，所以防治的工作是跨領域的工程，在我關心和質詢之下，我們已經促成了

衛政端跟教育部的輔導機制的跨部會的介接。但第二部分是，校園的輔導機制

的人力的資源應該要到位，而目前教育部所聘用的輔導人力始終達不到我國法

規的標準，而且專業人員還要負擔過重的行政業務，影響了輔導效能和學生接

受輔導的成效。

另外我覺得一個非常嚴重的問題是在於，我國的交通以及公共建設的規劃，並

沒有從親子友善的角度來做思考和來做出發。最明顯的就是道路的規劃，臺灣

的人行道狹窄，違規佔用的情形非常的嚴重，像這些推著嬰兒車的家長很難以

通行。再來是親子廁所的設置不足，即便相關的法規已經推動通過了 7 年，但目

前現在落實的程度不到兩成。另外，如何能夠有家長支持的體系，以及親職教

育更是付之闕如。依照規範目前是家庭教育中心的責任之一，但也根據民間的

調查，有超過 6 成的家長沒聽過家庭教育中心，所以讓大家、家長們沒有辦法與

時俱進知道如何育兒，所以非常的沒有辦法達到兒少友善又或者是兒童權利部

分，這也間接的影響到兒少的虐待和不當對待的發生，這一直都是我長期關注

的問題。

回到兒少虐待及不當對待的發生，政府雖然宣稱會推動零體罰，但學生遭到嚴

重傷害的事件仍然持續的頻傳。以我就任 3 年以來，我們就收過許多學生的陳

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 情，被老師毆打或命令做有害身體的行為，但最後教育主管機關卻不認為它是

體罰，我們目前認定為體罰的結果其實少之又少。舉幾個例子為例，第一有國

小桌球隊教練要求學生鴨子走路開合跳，導致學生腳痛難耐；第二國小游泳隊

教練向學生投擲浮板，傷及學生的眼睛，差點導致失明，這個案件已經有監視

器畫面、也有驗傷報告，但是以這兩者為例，其實調查結果都認為老師沒有處

罰的意圖，只是訓練或情緒的失控，而這些行為都不是基於處罰的目的，所以

他就不是體罰，我認為這顯示了臺灣目前對體罰定義的謬誤。再來是幼兒園當

中的兒少虐待的狀況，首先教育部沒有規範兒少不當對待的調查程序，而是在

我們今年《幼教法》的修法要求之下，教育部必須在子法中完備調查程序，建

置調查人才的資料庫。除此之外，各地方政府持續以案件已經進入司法程序為

由，怠惰的違反了《兒少權法》的行政調查，導致行政調查的結果非常久之後

才能夠呈現，同時也不會讓陳情備案的家長們知道調查的狀況，我認為這些都

非常需要我國的政府體系一起來努力。以上除了這些簡要的說明之外，我也提

供了書面的資料，我懇切的期待國際審查委員能夠注意到這些狀況，共同一起

來驅使我國的政府正視及改善，同時我也想藉此強烈的向政府呼籲，我們認為

政府要能夠正視民間團體以及兒少們所推出的觀點和建議，才有可能真正推動

並且改善現在的狀況，未來我也會在立法院持續追蹤，希望讓夠臺灣的兒童人

權的發展能夠實際上的往前推進，謝謝大家。

司儀：

謝謝委員的報告，接下來的時間交給主席。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

接下來是提問的時間，是不是先從左手邊開始呢？就是我們女士優先，由 Laura

Lundy 教授。

Laura Lundy 委員：

好，我自己也是 4 個孩子的媽媽，所以我對於兒少的議題也很有敏感度，我想問

一下葉大華委員。您剛剛提到了要加一個兒童的專章，就是要加到《基本教育

法》裡面要有一個兒童專章，那麼我想要請問的是，您希望這樣的專章當中要

有甚麼的內涵呢？譬如說就是增加一個申訴的機制嗎？還是要加入其他兒童權

利相關的內涵進入到修法當中呢？

Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic 委員：

大家好，謝謝大家的報告，謝謝國家人權委員會和兩位立委的報告。很榮幸能

夠見到各位，我其實有很多問題，不過在這邊我先提一個就好。我要請問立委，

因為你提到你是在立法院當中的兒童權利小組的一員，請問在這個小組裡面有

什麼樣子的權力呢？因為是沒有辦法提出立法或修法嗎？只能等待修法嗎？我

52

 想請問一下這一個在立院的兒少的委員會或者兒童的委員會有甚麼樣子的職權

呢？請協助我多了解一些，謝謝。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

好，Nigel。

Nigel Cantwell 委員：

首先非常感謝以上的簡報，我覺得不只是簡報本身，更是這其中所展現出來的

承諾，從簡報的資訊當中可以看得出來，另外從簡報的方式當中也看到這樣的

承諾。我的問題要請教國家人權委員會，有句話提到了在家內的性侵是一種特

別的案件，那麼政府應該要推動替代照顧措施或政策，特別是要來保護兒少不

受家庭生活之剝奪這樣子的侵害，那麼把兒少移出到家外是最後的手段。我就

這一點想要請問一下，這背後的連結是甚麼呢？首先應該這麼講，我想要先

問，在家內發生過甚麼樣子的性侵事件，使得兒少必須要離開家庭？然後這跟

替代照護政策之間的關係又是甚麼？之所以要提出這個問題，是因為我想要試

著去了解家內性侵的嚴重程度，還有這個跟必須要離開家庭、進入安置系統的

兒童數目之間的關係。好這個問題講得很長，希望講得夠清楚，但如果我問得

不清楚的話，請告訴我。

John Tobin 委員：

謝謝國家人權委員會跟兩位立委的報告，讓我們在未來 5 天有很多思考可以做。

那麼我想要問的，也就是對於兒少健康的一些影響還有政策，就是氣候變遷對

於兒少健康的影響，這個不直接關乎於簡報，但是一些兒少提到的資訊讓我想

到這個問題。好，謝謝。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

我也有個問題，就是兒少覺得國家人權委員會是一個可以幫助他們的機構嗎？

大家覺得需要有另外一個獨立的兒童監察使嗎？因為剛剛有提到有一些申訴案

提交給這個監察院，那數目是蠻有限的，由兒少自己本身提出的案件又更有限

了，所以我才會想要提這個問題，或許再建立另外一個獨立的機構，不管是對

臺灣或者其他的政府來說都有點負擔，所以或許就是建立一個特別的兒少委員

或監察使，是一個可以考量的作法。好，那接下來我們要請國家人權委員會的

代表先回應，然後再請兩位立委回應。

國家人權委員會葉大華委員：

主席、各位與會先進，我就僅代表國家人權委員會簡要做一些回應。首先針對

第一個 Lundy 女士所提到的關於學生權利專章，在《教育基本法》裡面我們要有

學生權利專章要有什麼樣的內涵跟內容？那基本上來講，因為上一次的結論性

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意見之後，其實我們在教育基本相關法規也修了蠻多的，有關兒少與學生權利

的申訴機制，不過這些都是因應教師、師對生的不當管教，而衍生出來的申訴

機制。但是這一些都是因應在《教師法》體系裏面，他的主體不是學生，所以

我們仍然認為說，依據 CRC 精神，教育目的的主體是學生，所以應該要在《教

育基本法》裡面有一個專章，凸顯學生作為兒童權利的主體。另外包括除了申

訴機制之外，還有救濟程序，包括應該要有什麼樣的人、來做相關的兒童權利

申訴機制的協助，特別我想包括民間團體也倡議多年，應該要有個所謂的兒童

或學生權利專員這樣的制度來做協助，這是第一個部分。

第二個關於 Cantwell 先生所提到的替代性照顧措施，特別是家內性侵兒少的這個

議題，就國家報告當中，衛福部在 2016 年到 2021 年的性侵害案件被害人年齡跟

相關的資料裡面，發現未滿 18 歲兒少性侵被害人中，家內性侵的比例從 11.97%

成長到 18.50%，增幅達 54%相當的高。當中我們會發現到臺灣的替代性照顧措

施裡面，大部分就是放在兒少安置機構，在寄養家庭這一個部分，事實上資源

是過少的，特別是到了 12 歲以上的 Teenager，他可能涉及到家內性侵的這樣的

一些 Teenager 的這樣的兒童、兒少的時候，他們往往最後就是直接會送到中途之

家、安置機構。那寄養家庭這個部分是比較少能夠來作這樣一個協助，那所以

我想我們這一個題目是因應、回應到各位委員提問到的問題清單，就是說為什

麼我們的替代性照顧措施當中，我們看到這些家庭內受到侵害的兒少，為什麼

會大部分都是直接到這個中途之家去，跟我國的長期以來替代性照顧措施的配

置是有關。那親屬安置的比例也是很少，目前因為上一次的結論性意見，所以

我們的替代性照顧政策、行政院替代性照顧政策有因應 Cantwell 先生的建議，目

前在相關的資源配置上，已經在做逐步的引導，我們也樂見與期待相關的替代

性照顧措施能夠因應到、看到有相當比例的 Teenager，在家內受到侵害的時候，

他們缺乏這些設施以及親屬安置、寄養家庭的照顧資源，這部分應該要加強投

資。

那最後一個問題，有關兒童監察使這個議題。基本上因為人權會成立到現在才 2

年多，那人權會基本上因為委員組成背景非常多元，跟兒少有關的背景委員大

概只有一到兩位，所以我們在建立這樣的一個人權會的制度、職權行使上面也

遇到法令上還沒有完備的問題，的確很難就因應上次結論性意見設立相關的專

責單位，包含兒童監察使，這個部分我們也有在討論，但是因為我們的職權行

使上面，目前還沒有相關的法源依據，所以比較難去做直接的推動，但我想委

員在結論性意見當中，是不是提供這樣的建議，讓我們來做一些推動上的參

考？不過我們仍然認為參照 NPM 制度跟 CRPD 來說，一個國家其實不會只有一

個兒童監察、兒童監督機制，可以一到多個，也可在中央政府、也可以在地方

政府都有這樣的一個監督機制，只是它的 Size 跟它能夠要推動的監督機制的規

模是不太一樣的，重點也不同，這個是我們簡要的回應。

關於兒少跟氣候變遷的議題，人權會在做獨立評估意見的過程當中，有一些兒

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 少代表也有反映到這個議題，他們可能關注的是空污的問題，那空污因為臺灣

在中部跟南部有非常多的、國家的過去長期以來的石化工業基礎建設，帶來長

期的空氣汙染的問題，正是我們國家正在積極要面對的一個議題，這個部分我

想可能之後的 NGOs 或是兒少代表會有更多的意見來做表達，謝謝。

范雲立法委員：

我針對剛剛有提到學生權益在立法的部分是不是有保障，想做一些補充。目前

針對學生權益的部分，立法院的相關委員會剛通過，要把大學的部分，學生在

校務會議就是校園事務的決策裡面的地位，從目前的十分之一提高到四分之

一，委員會通過了，可是目前我們還正在等待教育部的版本，還沒有出來，所

以還沒有進行政黨協商，可是這已經很多大學校長出面反對，但這只有針對大

學的學生權益。在高中以下的學生權益，目前立法院才修法，把學生的申訴制

度做得相對完善一些，但是整體來講，高中以下的學生權益還是非常的不夠，

這有一部分也是來自於家長、包含學校的老師，都會覺得還沒有準備好。那另

外就是關於學生權益在校園霸凌跟性騷擾的事件中，其實他們的地位也有待加

強，尤其在性騷擾跟霸凌的確定，以及加害老師的相關懲處會議當中，受害學

生的地位、還有他是不是能夠得到完整報告這些部分，相關法規跟制度都還不

夠完善，我就補充這幾點，謝謝。

王婉諭立法委員：

我首先回應這個兒少權利促進會成立的目的和我們工作的內容。當然做為立法

委員的職責，我們是希望能夠透過修法來做努力，但如同我剛剛在報告中提到

的，雖然國家在某些部分已經有法律了，但是實際上的執行層面和整體的文化

推動，還有需要努力的部分。像是我們已經有法律規定校園內不得體罰孩子，

但是我們也看到在校園內，多次發生孩子受傷、被處罰或是被訓練之後造成的

身體傷害，但仍然不被主管機關認定為體罰。我認為這些是需要長期推動對兒

童權益的認知，又或是以兒童安全為例，臺灣有法規規定孩子應該要坐在兒童

汽車座椅上，但是執法層面開罰的部分其實非常少，臺灣目前孩子使用汽車座

椅的使用量其實也是非常的低。我認為這些部分都很需要透過倡議，所以兒少

權利促進會是希望能就長期以來，臺灣的家長普遍認為，我們的孩子是我們

的、我們希望孩子聽話就好，但是卻沒有重視到孩子本身就是一個獨立的個

體，又或者是在育兒上如何能夠讓家長能夠協力，像這些都是我們兒少權利促

進會正在促進，以社會能夠更加重視兒童的一個角色，那這部分就不是透過修

法就可以直接來完成的部分，這也是我們成立的目的，希望能夠透過跨黨派的

委員一起來推動、一起來跟社會對話。那第二個部分是在於氣候變遷對兒少的

影響，我們認為氣候變遷其實是一個世代的議題，我們現在所有的政策，其實

都影響到未來的孩子們，他們應該活在什麼樣的環境當中，所以我們一直主張

這樣的議題討論中，不能屏除兒少的意見，讓兒童表意權能夠被實踐，而且讓

55

 兒童的聲音能夠被聽見，他們關心的部分是哪些？另外還有一個部分，氣候變

遷其實造成極端氣候的影響，我們今年在教育文化委員會，成功的讓教育部願

意來看待校園的穿著是不是能夠有適時的應變？不再在很冷的冬天仍然只要求

他們穿著學校的薄外套而已，而是可以自行加適度的外套保暖。我認為這是在

法規面上我們和立法委員和范雲委員，一直在教育文化委員會會持續來推動的

部分，所以這些部分也很希望能夠讓我們的相關部會，能夠更積極的來做協

助，謝謝。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

謝謝，非常謝謝各位提供這麼有幫助的資訊，幫助我們來了解。那麼我們現在

還可以開放第二輪的提問，Laura 有要再提問嗎？請簡短發言。

Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic 委員：

我有一個接續的問題，是不是有可能針對孩童設置監察使這個獨立的委員會？

從相關的文件還有各位的報告，我們可以看的出來這是一個很重要的議題，我

想要問一下在國家人權委員會當中有多少人力，是投注在促進兒權？這邊我指

的是全職的、專職的人力，如果了解這個答案的話，我們就可以知道接下來要

給政府什麼樣的建議。

Laura Lundy 委員：

好的，非常感謝各位提到了包括了幼兒教育以及幼兒園的問題。我們都知道，

您剛剛提到的幼兒教育的品質，您很擔心還有相關師資的培訓，到底在幼兒教

師要受過甚麼樣的培訓呢？是要大學畢業嗎？另外剛剛也有提到薪資的部分，

也請再補充。

Nigel Cantwell 委員：

我想要說的比較是一個意見，而不是問題。非常感謝剛剛幾位的答覆，給我們

很多的資訊，包括了家內性侵案件以及跟替代性照顧之間的關係。如果我們可

以進一步的來去探討，到底有什麼樣可能的因應方式來去防止、預防家內性侵

案件？同時也去了解，如果是親屬照顧是不是會有幫助？不見得是親屬照顧就

可以解決所有的問題，寄養家庭也不是答案，原因有很多，但重點是我們要看

看怎樣能夠盡量幫助這個孩子，能夠繼續住在自己的家中，而不是要孩子必須

要做家外安置，反而是加害人、嫌疑人繼續留在家中，至少我聽到是在某些案

件是這樣。所以最重要的還是去進一步深入的探討研究這些問題，怎麼樣能夠

幫助這樣的被害兒童，繼續在自己熟悉的家中，不管是要做家外的安置或是留

在家中，那麼當然也要了解，做家外安置有哪一些因素要考量，才能夠保護這

個孩子跟他的權益。

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Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

我想很快地回應一下，也請各位能夠很快的來答覆剛剛大家的提問，那就請國

家人權委員會以及立法委員，那麼每一位有 1 分半的時間來回答。

國家人權委員會葉大華委員：

我代表 NHRC 簡單回應剛剛第一題，Sahovic 女士的問題，就是關於人權會有多

少全職的人力在推動促進兒童人權這個部分，因為人權會目前法定員額 57 人，

目前為止我們有 42 個工作人員，基本上我們採取的都是任務分工的方式在運作，

所以以這一次的獨立評估意見報告的提出，是調動了大概 5 位的工作人員，來投

入這樣的工作，目前為止人權會的運作分工並沒有說哪一些人才能夠去專責投

入去做哪一個人權公約、或是人權議題上面的專責人力，我們都是採任務分工，以

上。

范雲立法委員：

針對我們在 Pre-school 的教保人員的話，目前我們的法規規定是他必須要有資格

的證書的相關考試，否則該機構會被罰款臺幣 3 萬到 30 萬，針對薪資的部分，

政府今年 10 月才公告調整，相關的薪資如果有得到政府補助的公共化托育的話，

他每個月必須要領到 2.8 萬臺幣到 3.5 萬臺幣之間，這是目前的薪資，但是因為

工作負擔很大，所以都還是有普遍師資缺乏的狀況，但是我們最近才剛做過改

善。

王婉諭立法委員：

好，補充說明一下，我覺得在幼兒園部分在於說剛才提到我們長期在文化或是

教育方面，對於兒童發展其實並不夠足夠的認知，所以像我們其實有蠻大的比

例都是由私立幼兒園來做主導。我們甚至看到私立幼兒園已經有在補習升學的

情況，所以會導致這些園所的教育品質其實是讓我們很擔憂的。長期來看，臺

灣的幼兒園狀況就是有所謂的三高三低，所謂三高是高勞動、高情緒、高流動

率，而三低是薪資低、福利低、保障低，平均來說這些勞動者、這些教保員在

幼兒園平均的時間超過 10 個小時，甚至是超過 50%的人是超過 8 小時的，超過

10 小時也是一個常態，那包括在午休時間這些教保員能夠休息的比例其實不到

10%。另外就是當他們超時工作的時候，相關的費用、加班費等等完全沒有辦法

申請，有 7 成的人是沒有辦法申請的，私立園所是不讓他們申請的。所以我們會

主張的是，希望讓雙薪家庭能夠安心育兒的情況下，公共托育的量能是要持續

的增長，這是我們一直在爭取的部分。

范雲立法委員：

不好意思我再補充一下。我剛講的部分應該是針對托育中心是 2.8 萬到 3.5 萬，

若是針對幼兒園的師資的話，依照他的年資，他是 3 萬到 3.6 萬臺幣，謝謝。

57

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

好，由於時間的關係，很可惜，我們先讓這個場次，在這裡告一個段落，之後

會有 NGOs 的場次。

司儀：

現在稍作休息 10 分鐘，我們會重新調整座位並重新調整場地，請各位攜帶你們

的物品至場外稍候，我們將在 10 分鐘後開始進行委員與非政府組織會議，未參

加其他場次的貴賓，也請記得歸還口譯設備及識別證。

58

 Meeting Transcript

Emcee:

Ladies and gentlemen, this session is between the IRC and the legislator as well as

NHRC. Here’s some housekeeping rules. This session will last about 50 minutes. In the

first 20 minutes, NHRC and legislators will make presentations and in the last 30

minutes, there will be discussions or questions and answers between IRC and NHRC.

There are three commissioners from NHRC. Altogether you have 10 minutes. Two

legislators will make presentations. Each of them will have five minutes. So dear IRC

members, you can put on your headset now. Three minutes and one minute before your

time is over we will remind you so please pay attention to the reminder. Throughout the

session, simultaneous interpreting will be provided. In order for interpreters to hear you

clearly, please pay attention to your speed. Now, let’s hand over the floor to the

Committee Chair.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Welcome to this very special session with the representatives of the Legislative Yuan

and the National Human Rights Commission, the review committees of course are very

interested in listening to those two-- the representatives of those two bodies. We have

read the information that they already submitted to the review committee and we will--

after their presentation, have the time for Q&A as explained. So I would like to give the

floor first to the Legislative Yuan. Okay, go ahead.

Yeh Ta Hua, Commissioner:

Do you want me to say NHRC or the legislators? Would you-- so Professor Doek, would

you like to have NHRC or legislators to speak first?

Emcee：

Oh, we will invite NHRC to speak first.

Yeh Ta Hua, Commissioner:

Ladies and gentlemen, I am Yeh Ta-Hua, with Tien Chiu-Chin and Fan Sun-Lu, my two

other colleagues. We’ll talk about-- we will introduce our institution, our response to

LOI and our concern. First of all, on the constitution of NHRC, it officially started its

operation on August 1st, 2020. There are 10 committee members, 1 chair who is also the

president of the Control Yuan and there are seven Control Yuan members who are the

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NHRC members and the other two are selected. Among our responsibilities, we submit

independent opinions for different human rights conventions. So throughout the past

year, through forums with children and youth, focused groups, forums with government

agencies and experts, we finished the independent opinion, you can download these

reports on our website.

Regarding the paragraph 15 in the Concluding Observations from the first review, so it

is recommended that the General Comment No.2 should be a fellow as well as a parallel

principal to protect and to investigate issues related to children’s rights. And NHRC is

under the Control Yuan but it is independent. It is not monitored by other government

agencies. Our job includes monitoring the implementation of various Conventions

including CRC. However, the act to exercise our power is still being discussed at the

legislature. As whether or not we should have a dedicated agency for children’s rights.

We recommend that the government should finish the legislation in order to clarify who

serves as this independent monitoring mechanism.

As for the complaint mechanism, with our investigation, we realized that among all the

complaints about or only 4.6 cases out of a thousand are children’s related cases. And

among these cases only 17% are filed by children themselves. So the complaint

mechanism needs to be made more friendly to children. On NHRC’s website, we provide

complaints mechanisms that can be made through the Internet, phone or written

submissions.

Through some research it is shown that in the educational system, children have trouble

filing complaints because their privacy is violated because the identity of those who

made the complaints may be known and the teachers, or the campus are not very clear

about how the system can be used by children. So we suggest that schools need to create

children-friendly mechanisms and make such mechanisms public. We also suggest that

the government needs to add a special chapter of children’s rights in the Education Basic

Act in order to ensure children’s rights.

And also to respond to LOIs 1.6 NHRC’s effectiveness in dealing with violation of rights

of children. We’ve been only operating for about two years so what we can do is to make

systematic visits to some institutions and schools and we proposed recommendations.

And there are two cases that are related to human rights of children, the first is sexual

abuse case in placement institutions and the other case is how migrant workers care for

their child in a foreign country. To respond to paragraph 18 of the LOIs this is about the

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 budget, children’s budget has grown from 2.12 to 2.21, but it is still way below OECDs

average. Among the budget, the budget for development is very low, it decreased by

33.3%. So we recommend more resources to be input to protect the participation rights,

right to leisure or to recreation.

To respond to LOIs 1.1 regarding optional protocols, it is necessary for the government

to join the optional protocol regarding the children in conflict. And the education

ministry had a service program for children during war time so that students can help,

or students between 16 to 18 can help in war logistics.

Tien Chiu-Chin, Commissioner:

Next, we want to talk about other concerns of NHRC to respond to LOIs 9.9 to prevent

all forms of violence. This is about household sexual abuse. So can we ask the

perpetrators or suspects to be removed from the household instead of removing the

children from the household? In this regard, we believe that the government needs to

implement the Children Alternative Care Policy removing children from the household

should be considered to be the last resort. And the General Comment No. 14 of CRC

should be considered to protect the best interest of the children and respect children’s

right to be heard and then develop the comprehensive treatment for children, the victims

of sexual abuse.

And in our independent opinion 27 to 28 and 71 to 77, we do see that there’s an increase

of household abuse. Between 2016 and 2020, the number of children between 0 to 6

were abused at home is increasing and among those who died of abuse, 100% of the

children are preschool children and 80% are children who are under three years old. This

is a very significant issue so we want to refer to the practice in Japan. Japan has a

universal visit network for newborns and their families. So Japanese and Koreans

practice merits or references. I think we need to amend the civil code and to forbid

disciplinary authority in the household.

In our independent opinions, 78 to 84, there are about corporal punishments and bullying

on campus, in a survey in 2019, we realized that 71 of the reported cases of corporal

punishments are for children who are under 12 and when we talked to children or

students, students say that or students report in the survey that 95% of teacher to student

bullying is verbal bullying. As for student to student bullying usually it is targeted to

special populations including LGBTQI students or students with disabilities. So we

recommend the government to refer to the positive discipline in the inclusive learning-

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 friendly classroom, which is published by UNESCO. It has been translated by one of the

NGOs and restorative justice on campus should also be promoted. Thank you.

Fan Sun-Lu, Commissioner:

In addition to calling for the government and to realize human rights education, we

ourselves also conduct such education. So we work with Ministry of Education. We

organize film festivals and create resource programs that can help develop human right

education materials. This is a platform to create marginalized educational resources. And

we follow the four stages of human rights education proposed by the UN. I think there

are a few priorities here. First of all, we need to take inventory of the staff required to

implement such human rights education. We want to invite NGOs and students to discuss

together and there should be an evaluation mechanism for the effectiveness of such

human right education. And the reports or the results should be made public. As for the

course planning, and training for teachers, we need to stay aligned with the international

standards, and have a good system to develop human rights teachers. We should also

continue the surveys on human rights issues on campus.

Next, we are very concerned about violence in correctional facilities. So in 2021, six

commissioners established an NPM （National Preventive Mechanism） taskforce to

start a pilot program to visit correctional facilities for children. We visited eight facilities.

There are several issues for example, isolation using restraint and not reporting violence

to the administration, collective bullying, not being able to guarantee the right to be

heard and so on. So we’ll think there should be an amendment to the act that governs

correctional facilities so that the use of restraints, the use of different punishments should

be clearly stipulated and remedies should be clearly stipulated as well.

Next, labor rights of children. This is research commissioned by Ministry of Education,

again, there are several issues here. For example, the basic wage is not guaranteed. Some

of the children work until 10 p.m. Some of them work in the early mornings and their

working hours and wages are not protected as well as they should under the labor

standard act. So better complaint mechanisms should be provided for children in terms

of labor rights and such an education should start at elementary school. Our conclusion,

NHRC thinks it’s very important to implement CRC and education is the key to help

with the application of CRC. So we should culture the children so that they can live in a

free society and lead a responsible life. We want to work with the government, civil

organizations and cooperate to protect the basic rights of every child. Thank you.

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Emcee:

Now we will ask two legislators. Legislator Dr. Fan and Ms. Wang will each have five

minutes for their presentation.

Fan Yun, Legislator:

Distinguished members of the International Review committee, Chair Chen of the

Control Yuan of the NHRC, I am Fan Yun, a legislator. I’m also a member of the

Education and Culture Community of the Legislative Yuan. I would like to make a

presentation on some issues and concerns and recommendations. In March this year, I

submitted a report including several key points highlighted in my presentation but

because of the time constraint, I will focus my talk on the LGBTI students, special

education students as well as the underage pregnant girls and high teacher-student ratio

in preschools. According to Taiwan Tongzhi Hotline Association’s survey, over 90% of

LGBTI students have heard of discriminatory comments and two-thirds of such

comments come from teachers, faculty members of the school. Over 60% of the LGBTI

students have been harassed verbally because of their sexual orientation. About 30% of

the LGBTI students have been sexually harassed. As for special education students,

basically they do not have enough teachers to provide them individualized assistance

and guidance. In addition, when it comes to school bullying, the data is not desegregated

based on the impairment of the victims or severity of such impairments. Therefore, I

believe the MOE should investigate the current situation and build relative statistics. For

example, the MOE should conduct some surveys of LGBTI students about their campus

experience. Moreover, there should be more gender equality education training for

school teachers and staff members. The special education students should also be

included in relevant statistics. For example, how severe their impairments are if they

happen to be victims of school bullying and sexual harassment without the desegregated

data, we will not be able to provide adequate assistance to these students. In fact, I just

returned from the UN headquarters in New York and I learned from some international

LGBTI advocacy groups that it seems that science should be based-- should be used as

the base for all policies and procedures. So The OutRight organization’s

recommendation is in full keeping with my recommendation. So surveys as well as data

desegregation will be the first step that have to be taken. Next, I will talk about the ratio

of teachers to students in preschools. In Taiwan, this ratio has been 1 to 15 for 40 years

and this definitely is out of sync with the current social development trends. As a result,

we have heard a number of child abuse cases in preschools. Every year, we have less

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 than 160, 000 newborns. However, you can see that the ratio in Singapore and Australia

is 1 to 10, in Finland 1 to 7 and in Sweden and Denmark the ratio is only 1 to 6. And

thanks to the efforts made by the Culture and Education Committee of the Legislative

Yuan and the private sector, the MOE has promised to take action to reduce the ratio to

1 to 12 starting from the year 2023. And also the salaries of preschool teachers will be

raised. These are all positive developments but we have not seen detailed plans as to

how this can be implemented. So that concludes my presentation. Thank you for your

attention.

Wang Wan-Yu, Legislator:

Good morning. Ladies and gentlemen, I’m Wang Wan-Yu. I’m also a legislator as well

as a member of the Culture and Education Committee. I’m very honored to be here to

express my views. I think the International Review of our national report under the CRC

is very important for Taiwan, because this is an important step for us to be aligned with

the international standards. But as a legislator, I have to point out some shortcomings in

our implementation of the CRC. First of all, in 2017 the IRC actually recommends that

the government should look into the causes of high suicide rate among children and

youth. In fact, starting 2015 to 2020, we have seen seven-fold increase in the number of

suicide among youths and children. And about 70% of these suicide cases have never

consulted counselors on campus. So we hope more resources can be devoted to prevent

suicide. And we know that suicide cases involved a number of different factors. Now,

the social welfare system and the public health system have been making some efforts.

Yet, on the educational side, we don’t see enough resources and investments to allow

students to have access to counselors. In addition, when it comes to the mobility

environment, I don’t think we have a friendly environment for children and families. For

example, we have very narrow sidewalks. As a result, parents with strollers have a hard

time walking through such sidewalks. In addition, how can we have a supportive

environment to support parents, which is another issue. Over 60% of parents have never

heard of so-called family education centers. As a result, parenting education is not

widely disseminated to help parents. That is one of the reasons why more child abuses

have been happening. Even though government has been saying that there will be no

tolerance of corporal punishment in schools, however, we have received many

complaints for school students because they have received corporal punishments yet, the

school investigation often shows that those instances are not recognized as instances of

corporal punishments. For example, table tennis coaches, swimming coaches have

caused injuries to their students by throwing floating boards at the students or forcing

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 the students to engage in some exercise that caused pain in their legs and feet. And the

school investigation believed that those are not instances of corporal punishments. The

teachers or coaches simply lost their temper and I believe that the MOE should have

more adequate measures to combat corporal punishments. Many investigations have not

been effectively carried out and investigations have taken too much time to complete.

So I think the government branches must work together to speed up efforts to improve

the overall system. So I hope the IRC members will pay attention to these issues in

pushing our government to make improvements. I also would like to call upon the

government to listen to recommendations made by the private sectors, NGOs as well

representatives of children and youths so that we can uphold the rights of the child.

Thank you.

Emcee:

Now, we will leave the time to our committee.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

So time for questions. Let me start with the ladies to my left. As a father of four daughters

I have sensitivity for girls. Laura Lundy has the floor for one question.

Laura Lundy:

As the mother of four children, I have sensitivity to children. My question is for

Commissioner Yeh Ta-Hua. You mentioned about adding a section on student’s rights to

the legislation on the Educational Fundamental Act , and my question is what do you

want to see in the legislation, which student’s rights is it or just about a complaint

mechanism or are there other rights that you want to see in the legislation?

Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic:

Thank you very much for your presentations to both the National Human Rights

Commission and also the distinguished Legislators. It’s an honor to meet you and I

would have so many questions but I will actually just have one, to the distinguished

Legislator and to ask since you are part of the Child’s Rights committee in the parliament,

what are actually your powers? What is your role there? You cannot propose legislation

and reform or amendments, you can only wait for some proposals or what is it? What is

the power of, I would imagine the Child’s Right Committee in the parliament should be

a very important committee. So if you can just tell us more so that we understand. Thank

you.

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Jakob Egbert Doek:

Okay. Nigel?

Nigel Cantwell:

Yes, let me first say how much the presentations are appreciated and I think not just the

presentations themselves, but the commitment that they demonstrate not only in the

content of those presentations but also in the way that they are presented. My question

would go to the National Human Rights Commission in relation to the statement that the

unique nature of sexual abuse in the family means that the government should implement

the alternative care policy and I think in particular in relation to ensuring the depravation

of family life or family care for a child be fully implemented as only a last resort. I would

like if possible to have a little more of the reasoning behind this linkage of, or first of all

I’d like to know what the incidence is of sexual abuse in the family that leads to

apparently children being removed from the family and what the relationship is if you

like with the full implementation of the policy on alternative care for children. My reason

for asking this is simply to try to understand the significance of sexual abuse within the

family in relation to the number of children or proportion of children who are removed

from family care and placed in residential care or other alternative care settings. That

was a long question, I hope it was clear, but if it’s not clear please come back to me.

John Tobin:

Thank you also to both Legislatives and National Human Rights Commission for your

very thoughtful presentations. You have given us many many things to think about over

the next five days. I’d like to raise for both groups something that wasn’t mentioned in

your presentations, but some of the young groups have spoken to me about the impact

of climate change on children’s rights and impact of the environment on children’s health

and for them it’s clearly something that is considerably important. I’m curious to know

whether in fact legislatives and the commission are also looking at the impact of climate

change and environment on children’s rights. Thank you.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Thank you, John. Thank you members of the committee. I have a last question for the

National Human Rights Commission. The question is how much is that commission

recognized by children as a body that will really help them and to translate that question

in another one, do you think that there is a room or a need for a separate children’s

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 ombudsperson? Because you also mentioned the number of complaints by children

submitted to the commission, which was very limited and even more limited when it

was about children complaining. So that is the question and perhaps a separate body is

too much for a government not only in Taiwan but in other countries as well. So the

alternative is to have a special commissioner, which has its own support staff within the

National Human Rights Commission. So please give me some of your thoughts about it.

Okay. The round of answers. For certainly the National Human Rights Commission

representatives and the Legislative Yuan also, okay? National Human Rights.

Yeh Ta Hua, Commissioner:

On behalf of NHRC, I’d be brief in my response. First of all, regarding Lundy’s

questions, the special chapter in Educational Fundamental Act, what’s the content of this

chapter? Well, after the previous Concluding Observations, some educational legislation

has been amended on the complaint mechanism for children. However, that was more

about teacher to student bullying. And it seems that those amendments didn’t put their

focus on the students. So we think that in the educational system, the subject is children

and therefore, there should be a special chapter in the Educational Fundamental Act to

make sure that children are the subject of the rights and there should be a complete

system as well as remedies. For example, who should facilitate the complaint

mechanism? The NGOs have been advocated for many years that there should be a

student’s or children’s commissioner to help. Second, from Cantwell’s question, the in-

home sexual abuse, well, in the state reports from the analysis of sexual abuse cases

from 2016 to 2020 and among the victims are under 18 years old, the in-house instances

grow from 11.9% to 18.5% which is a high increase. And in the alternative care policy

of the government I think institutions are the focus of the government, but foster care

doesn’t have that many resources. For teenagers who are sexually abused usually they

are sent to placement institutions and rarely to foster care families. So I think our

statement like this is to respond to one of your LOIs because you asked about why in

the alternative care policy, why do these children of in home sexual abuse are sent to

placement organizations, because this has been the policy in the governments and there

is very little kinship placements, too. But after the last Concluding Observations, the

alternative care policy has been changed. New measures are being developed and we

look forward to a better alternative care policy so that a good portion of teenage victims

of any home sexual abuse can have better resources to be cared by their kinship or by

foster families. Okay. The next question is about the children’s ombudsman. NHRC has

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 only been in operation for two years. We have a very diverse background among the

commissioners and there are about only one or two commissioners who have children-

related backgrounds so in exercising our power one of the challenges is that the law is

not complete. So it’s difficult to create a dedicated agency or position such as children’s

ombudsman. We have discussed it, but we don't have a legal basis to create such a

position and therefore, it’s difficult to just go ahead and create the position. But of course,

you are welcome to recommend the creation of such a position in your concluding

observations. But NPM and CRPD are the reference because there could be more than

one monitoring mechanism. It could be in the local government and the central

government, but they can be of different sizes and focus on different priorities. These

are my responses. And then regarding the question on climate change, so climate change

and youth and children in fact some representatives from children and youth groups

expressed their concern in particular, air quality. Air quality in the central and southern

part of Taiwan has not been so good because we have a lot of heavy industry sectors in

those parts of the island. So this is an issue we have to address seriously. I’m sure more

NGOs and children’s representatives will touch upon that issue later.

Fan Yun, Legislator:

Well, on student’s rights and how legislation can be made to protect their rights, well, at

the Legislative Yuan, for college students we have some new laws to make sure that

there will be at least a quarter of the College Affairs Committee representatives will be

students. It used to be just one-tenth. However, this is still under deliberation. Many

universities have expressed their opposition. As for K to 12 students, I think it is

important that we have more adequate complaints mechanisms, yet overall the rise of K

to 12 schoolers are not yet properly protected because teachers, parents are not yet

prepared or ready. As for school bullying and sexual harassments on campus, I think the

students views are not yet fully respected and heard. For example, the student victims’

views are not fully heard in some assessment meetings, and they don’t get the full reports

sometimes.

Wang Wan-Yu, Legislator:

So in terms of the committee on the promotion of the rights of youth and children of

course as legislators we would like to make laws to uphold their rights. However, I think

the overall cultural and social trends need to be improved. For example, we have laws

to ban corporal punishments in schools yet we still see examples and instances of

corporal punishments which are not deemed as corporal punishment by the authorities.

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 Take children’s safety for example, children’s safety seats must be installed in cars

according to law but the installation rate is still relatively low in Taiwan. That’s why

more advocacy efforts are needed. For a long time, parents in Taiwan still considered

their children as their property. They do not respect their children as individuals so I

think our committee aims to help our society and parents to know better about the rights

of the child therefore, legislation alone is not enough. That is why efforts are needed to

have dialogue with different sectors of society. As for the impact of climate change on

young people I think this is a generational issue we must make sure that children and

youth have a say as to the kind of world they are going to inherit in the future. So we

need to expect their views and opinions on these issues. Climate change has given rise

to many extreme weather. This year we have persuaded Ministry of Education to pay

attention to the requirements about school uniforms because sometimes we have warm

winters, you cannot ask students to wear heavy jackets on such hot winter days. So we

are going to engage in more dialogues with the relevant authorities. Thank you.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Thank you for all the answers. Very helpful for the understanding. A quick possibility

for follow up questions? Laura, you have a follow up question?

Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic:

Just a quick follow up question on the possibility for a separate ombudsman for children,

because we didn’t hear in the first place and maybe we will hear more tomorrow and we

cannot read from the documents. This is why it’s important that you tell us, how does

your office look like now? How many people do you have? How many people who are

in your office actually work on children’s rights? This is what we need to know on a

permanent basis. I’m not talking about those who are just you know, maybe

commissioners. So we need to understand that and then we can maybe understand what

is the next step and what is it that we can propose to the government.

Laura Lundy:

Just really briefly. Thank you for raising the issue of preschool and early childhood

education and we know that there has been a massive increase in preschool education

and you’re concerned about quality. I have some questions about the training of the staff.

What is the required training to be a preschool teacher in Taiwan and is it a university-

based qualification? I note you raised a question about salary, and I’m curious there too.

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Nigel Cantwell:

It’s more a comment than a question, but in relation to the informative response given

on the question of sexual abuse in the family and its linkage to alternative care, it would

be good I think if we can examine further the possible responses to sexual abuse in the

family. I mean, obviously, apart from preventive efforts and to see what the contribution

of kinship care or enhanced kinship care might be in those circumstances I don’t think

that it’s necessarily the panacea nor the foster care for various reasons that I can’t go

into now. But looking at how we might enable the child to remain in the family home

rather than the child being taken out, the perpetrator be removed from family home

might be one responsibility -- at least in certain cases, but I think that it will be really

important to look, to delve deeper into this question of how you respond to a child victim

in his or her family situation whether or not you remove, whether or not you try to help

on the spot and if you do remove which might be the panoply of possible settings that

you would want to consider in order to protect that child and to protect the rights of that

child.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

I think so. Okay. Quick reactions, quick questions, quick answers from both the National

Human Rights Commission and the Legislative Yuan. And you have each one minute

and 30 seconds.

Yeh Ta Hua, Commissioner:

So on behalf of the NHRC I would like to answer the question about the full time

manpower devoted to the promotion of children’s rights. Well, we have 42 full-time staff

members, but the law says we can have 57 staff members. Right now, for this

independent opinion submitted to the IRC, we have five full-time staffers helping with

us so we don’t yet have designated any staffers to work on certain Conventions. Basically,

it is a task-based division of labor.

Fan Yun, Legislator:

The teachers for preschools according to law, they must have relevant certificates

otherwise the preschools may be fined by 30,000 to 300,000 NT. As for the salary, there

has been new regulations to raise their salaries. Basically, 28, 000 to 35, 000 NT per

month. That is the salary level for preschool teachers. However, we don’t have enough

preschool teachers in any case.

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Wang Wan-Yu, Legislator:

Now, again, preschools I think in terms of our education and culture we don’t have

enough competence to know about the education for preschoolers. As a result,

preschools are the dominant players in determining the quality of education for our

preschoolers. In fact, for most preschools, low salary, low benefits programs for school

teachers, long working hours for teachers, and most of them have to work over eight or

10 hours a day. During lunch break many such preschool teachers cannot rest at all. They

don’t have overtime pay either. 70% of them say that they don’t get overtime pay. So if

we want to encourage families to raise kids, we need to have quality preschools.

Fan Yun, Legislator:

Moreover, well, the 28, 000 to 35,000 NT salary level is for childcare centers. If for

preschools is 30,000 to 36,000 NT per month.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Unfortunately, I have to stop this discussion. We could continue, the members of the

committee would have a lot of questions for the rest of this morning for you, but now

the non-government organizations I think should have the floor.

Emcee:

Thank you very much. We would take a 10-minute break. We will rearrange the setting.

Please bring your belongings outside the venue. The next session with the NGO will

start in 10 minutes. If you are not to attend the next session, please return the headset.

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五、委員與非政府組織會議（公開）

日期：2022 年 11 月 14 日（星期一）

時間：上午 11 時 10 分至 12 時 30 分

地點：台北國際會議中心 201 室

國際審查委員與非政府組織公開會議，由 NGOs 依序報告，讓國際審查委員

瞭解我國落實兒童權利的實務現況。

現場 NGOs 依序報告 中華兒少愛滋防治關懷協會、

台灣性別人權維護促進協會簡報

台灣兒童權利公約聯盟簡報 社團法人全國家長團體聯盟簡報

72

 簡要紀錄

1. 中華民國飛盤協會：跨性別選手參賽，將影響生理女性選手的比賽、教育及職

涯。另關切兒童健康問題，電子煙網路購買方便，在國中、高中校園非常氾濫，

請改善此一狀況。

2. 中華兒少愛滋防治關懷協會、台灣性別人權維護促進協會：性健康教育沒有落

實，72%性健康教育老師沒有接受過專業訓練，性病及相關數據需細緻分類，訓

練專業教師，提供以科學為基礎適合不同學童年齡的性教育。有關性別、性別多

元化、平等等詞彙，於相關法規、公文、文件等，政府定義應清楚及翻譯應一

致。

3. 台灣兒童權利公約聯盟：

（1） 建議建立中央政府行政院層級專責機構，協調與推動兒少業務。在司法程序

中兒少或中央兒少代表，須面對以成人為主的體制框架，致其表意困境，成

人應給予多元友善的形式傾聽並給予回應。確實消弭校園歧視，建立具體操

作指引，增進教師文化敏感度與溝通策略並成立具公信力校園歧視申訴管道

與處理流程。建請政府積極推動立法禁止體罰並且落實既有的相關規定。有

關性教育與生育保健教育，呼籲政府應建制性教育諮詢資源提供給兒少、家

長及教師。重視兒少身心健康，應針對空污標準增列校園室內監測與改善設

備；實施相關法規確保幼托機構飲食衛生、安全與營養均衡；應透過預防篩

檢、治療給付的措施預防網路成癮；應人際與生活技能訓練教育並提供充足

的三級輔導資源，預防兒少自殺。

（2） 保護兒少免於性剝削，盡速將 OPSC 國內法化，並制定網路誘拐法，建立兒

少性剝削犯罪專責調查單位，普及兒少工作者關於兒少自製性影像以及網路

性剝削的知能，同時加強教育宣導。針對特殊處境的兒少的特別措施方面，

聯盟提出五項訴求：重視目睹家庭暴力兒少的主體性、落實保護安置兒少權

利、整合親屬安置及家庭寄養的替代照顧措施及支持、提升特殊需求兒童學

前融合教育的品質、強化曝險兒少的支持性服務。

4. 台灣家長守護婦幼權益協會：發現公立圖書館公開展出不適宜兒少的內容，為保

護兒童身心健康，出版品閱讀年齡分級不可鬆懈；開放式讀書空間仍應注意圖書

是否適合全齡閱覽以決定陳列位置；公開展覽書籍應區分陳列位置，以免兒童拿

到。

5. 台灣愛兒親師家長協會：國高中生睡眠不足和學業負擔沉重，是討論延後上學的

背後原因，青少年是重要發展階段，建議對青少年家長提供增能課程，促進彼此

溝通。建議雙語政策需有長遠專業計畫，不應在配套尚未完整、資源尚未到位前

草率上路，造成學生學習壓力。

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6. 全國家長會長聯盟：CRC 概念宣導不足，孩童在校園遭受體罰，政府應監督學校

教職員的培訓，落實 CRC 教育。政府嚴重忽視兒少健康及保護，吸食新型菸品的

青少年逐年增加，呼籲全面禁止新型菸品上市，雙禁加熱菸、電子煙。其他建議

事項詳見全國家長會長聯盟 3/31 的報告具體建議。

7. 兒童權利公約民間監督聯盟：《民法》1085 條仍保留家長懲戒權，《兒少權法》修

法將納入體罰，《民法》規定是否造成競合應修改？在少子化的臺灣，須努力杜絕

各種導致兒童傷害的可能，交通事故死傷增加及自殺比例上升，因應國際趨勢及

實務現況，死因回溯應擴大至 18 歲。兒少預算逐年增加卻嚴重失衡，發展、福

利、健康與保護獲配資源不均，呼籲政府了解兒少所需資源為何。雖有法律規

定，但實務現場 CRC 觀念宣導效果不佳，未使兒少相關工作者理解 CRC，校園內

仍有發生霸凌、性騷擾、不當對待事件，如校園內事件，決策與調查人員多為老

師，兒少申訴困難，無法保障兒少權益。

8. 社團法人人權公約施行監督聯盟、廢除死刑推動聯盟、臺灣教育協會：

（1） 社團法人人權公約施行監督聯盟：兒童司法統計年齡現況難以了解 18 歲以

下觸法全貌，建議政府修正兒童司法統計方法；臺灣刑事年齡為 14 歲，但

12-14 歲觸法少年仍可能被關押於矯正體系中，亦有未滿 18 歲觸法者被判長

期刑，侵犯兒童最佳利益及生存及發展權；少年矯正系統存在不當對待，管

教、保護措施及懲罰 3 種類型處置難以區分，兒童於監所無法獲得適當教育

文化、體育與娛樂的機會；現行 4 所矯正機構有 8-12％障礙兒童收容人，該

數據懷疑被低估，且障礙兒童無法獲得個別化措施與支持。

（2） 廢除死刑推動聯盟：刑事被告或受刑人的子女其權益不受重視，臺灣並未明

文保障這類兒童的權益，建議透過量刑指南，量刑應以非監禁措施替代監禁

刑罰，量刑過程留意兒童最佳利益及表意權；建置兒童友善表意的司法環

境；法院不應對兒童的父母或主要照顧者判處死刑，已判處死刑者要給予心

理輔導或必要措施。

（3） 臺灣教育協會：國家對於障礙的認知仍以醫療或是生物模式定義，致符合

CRPD 定義障礙者可能被排除在障礙支持跟協助措施之外，同時國家對障礙

兒童資源提供嚴重不足，如在學校障礙兒童，助理員時數仍會遭刪減或不完

全提供，我們希望委員會督促國家對於障礙認知跟定義及意識提升能更趨向

CRPD，挹注資源及協助障礙兒童，達到實質融合教育。

9. 社團法人中華民國身心障礙聯盟：由障礙兒少陳玥寧同學代表發言。我是書寫障

礙生，有五種困擾。第一、作業：用紙筆寫，寫不完隔天五點半爬起來寫，偶爾

會寫到早自修時間；第二、訂正：老師利用下課時間訂正作業和考卷，他讚美我

的態度，我仍然希望有時間能離開教室去操場跟同學一起玩；第三、小考：考卷

同學交換改，我明明寫對了，卻常因為字寫得醜被同學扣分；第四、大考：鑑輔

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 會已同意我可用電腦打字作答，六年級了還是只能用書寫，在 IEP 中曾提議部分

考卷字體放大，但是沒有被放大，有些科目沒有延長考試時間，寫得非常趕；第

五、溝通：隱性障礙學生看起來很正常，容易會被誤會我們沒有困難，希望 IEP

決議能夠被落實，希望學校能讓臨時代課、代理課後班老師知道我的狀況。

10.社團法人中華兒童暨家庭守護者協會：地方兒少代表制度對兒少不友善，95%縣

市設有年齡限制，排除 11 歲以下兒童、大部分縣市無弱勢保障名額，不具代表

性、會議時間對兒少代表不友善、兒少代表受聘不受尊重。兒少被安置後，其家

庭未獲有效資源支持，兒少返家比例逐年下降，兒少面臨安置轉換問題。評鑑公

正問題，全國兒少安置機構評鑑應提升全國兒少安置機構服務品質，但卻發現提

升公設或公辦機構評鑑成績，私立機構服務品質每年下降，探究原因發現私立機

構因法規修正、機構內發生重大事件影響評鑑成績，但這些事發生在公辦機構不

會有影響。

11.社團法人台灣全國兒少安置機構聯盟：安置順序應考量兒少意願，我們理解主流

社會對機構式照顧的擔憂，但安置機構也可發展個別化照顧，除照顧規模外，更

應關注實質照顧模式，目前許多安置機構已採小家式照顧。實務上團體家庭服務

定位仍不明確，亦遭遇營運資源不足狀況。國家應明確揭示，去機構化具體目標

與工作期程，讓各級地方政府跟 NGO 預做準備，為確保兒少在現存安置機構中獲

得有品質的照顧，包括照顧經費、照顧人力照護比、專業職能仍須持續優化。

12.社團法人台灣全國媽媽護家護兒聯盟：兒少心理健康、網路手機成癮問題應被重

視，性教育教導應全面、完整。家庭部分，建議家庭教育應融入學校各學程及學

科；《家庭教育法》第 13 條，每學年 4 小時課程應落實且應定期檢核辦理情形；大

專院校應開設家庭教育列為必修。校園部分，建議加強校園自殺防治制度及醫療

資源轉介；健康與體育課綱編列應納入兒童發展專家意見作為依據。網路部分，

要求政府管理兒少網路安全，訂定罰則，對業者防護機制應落實，包含提供家長

守則、協助訂定親子手機使用約定規範、提供相關防護軟體資訊。兒少生心理健

康及兒虐問題與家庭環境相關，我國家庭政策層級不足且無專責單位，建議政府

建立家庭影響評估機制。

13.社團法人台灣婦少權益關懷協會：呼籲政府關注兒少心理健康，對學校教師、家

長、兒童、青少年應進行情感與情緒教育，促進心理健康；網路資訊應分級管

理，避免兒少輕易閱覽不利身心發展之資訊；各縣市家庭教育中心對家庭教育發

展推動效能不佳，應落實家庭教育中心相關指標。

14.社團法人台灣懷孕婦女關懷協會：現行合意離婚程序無相關機制公平處理及確認

雙方權利及義務，無法保障其子女兒童最佳利益及表意權，建議設立緩衝期，如

參考國際作法，分居一段時間、接受輔導諮商等，確保兒少權益。

15.社團法人全國家長團體聯盟：新冠疫情停課造成高中生學習落後嚴重，恢復實體

課程後，應加強補救教學，另應追蹤國中小、高中在校成績、會考、學測成績狀

75

 況，作為補救教學的依據。代理教師不足，在偏鄉尤其嚴重，影響學生受教權，

應追蹤及改變政策。

16.社團法人國際兒少人權促進會：兒童性侵案件增加，建議行政院應檢討性別主流

化政策，提出性侵案件過高且逐年增加的因應對策；教育部應檢討性別平等教育

內容、教學方法缺失，加強性侵害防治教育；媒體色情資訊氾濫，需檢討 iWIN 實

施成效；網路媒體節目應強制分級標示；加強兒童媒體識讀之教育。

17.社團法人復生食物銀行全人關懷協會：

（1） 我們關心媒體對兒少影響，國家電視台公共電視節目在性議題、代理孕母議

題未公正，納入正反雙方或多方觀點，對兒童發展權利有負面影響，建議

NCC 應適當裁罰，公視應建立監督審查機制，未來製作教育相關影片的製

作單位應納入兒少身心發展專業人員作為諮詢委員。

（2） 兒少代表：建議國家在家庭，培養親子關係，讓家人經常在一起。在學校，

我們學習可以感到幸福、有愛、珍惜生命、了解該負擔什麼責任的課程，培

養正直及品德，使學生產生同理心，自然就能減少校園霸凌。教師對學生不

當體罰

18.社團法人藍天行動聯盟：

（未到場）

。

19.財團法人台灣兒童暨家庭扶助基金會：兒少死因回溯分析，應擴及 18 歲以下兒

少。兒少心理健康，應檢視現有心理健康服務兒少使用情形跟成效，應納入兒少

意見，另保障兒少心理健康醫療自主權。兒少數位性暴力，國家法令規範應明

確，需建立並落實被害人積極保護。教師對學生不當體罰，政府應調整策略，教

師體罰應予懲戒，加強兒權意識跟申訴機制宣導。替代性照顧政策，政府應整合

資源，以具體指標檢視安置品質，自行委託機構安置缺乏相關輔導返家機制，機

構安置特殊兒少缺乏相關數據分析跟需求因應策略。未成年青少女懷孕，政府對

懷孕、產檢、生產、人工流產數據掌握不足，高中生懷孕有兩成五到三成輟學、

休學，政府應該檢視相關政策、輔導介入服務成效評估。偏鄉兒少學習資源不

足，城鄉數位資源存在落差，相關補助及資源分配需說明與檢視。兒少性侵害被

害人占整體性侵多數，有逐年升高趨勢，建議應該定期發表全國性的兒少性侵害

數據研究，檢視兒少受性侵害程度與制度建置成效。

20.高雄市家長協會：

（1） 教育部性別平等教育師資人才庫部分講師及教學理念或舉辦演講內容，嚴重

違反性別平等教育價值，建議教育部對性別平等教師推薦應訂定教育理念審

核標準。

（2） 兒少代表：建議教育當局，從小學開始恢復品德教育課程時數，把一些跟升

學不太相關的課程放到國小高年級，國中學校課程能提供選修，讓我們自己

選擇要實務型或是偏於學理型。

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21.國教行動聯盟：新型菸品，呼籲全面禁止。108 課綱造成考試制度與學習歷程檔案

雙軌並行，造成學生壓力，呼籲增加課程諮詢教師並強化其功能，學生學習輔導

跟適性探索應從小學持續到高中。

22.國際發光中華民國分會：青少年性病，前 3 年 10 歲至 19 歲青少年淋病成長 2.6

倍，梅毒感染人數未見改善，HIV 愛滋病毒因近年大力宣導及 PrEP，才有顯著下

降。網路有太多社群媒體、約會軟體，不當性知識傳播，希望政府進行管制及網

路分級，錯誤訊息加上警語，並建議每年發布青少年性病監測年報。

23.新北市愛芽護兒協會：臺灣毒品濫用，根據教育部提供統計，使用毒品學生從

2012 年到 2021 年有所下降，但販售或運送毒品兒少數目卻在上升。藥頭會誘惑兒

少進行販售行為。建議依《毒品危害防制條例》 ，大麻不應合法；執法單位應預防

成人誘惑兒少進行毒品販售或運送；醫護人員、社工、老師和警察人員等等應該

要有法定義務，通報兒少使用毒品狀況。

77

 Meeting Minutes

1. Chinese Taipei Flying Disc Association: Allowing transgender athletes to participate in

sports competitions would be unfair to biological female athletes, affecting the games,

their education and future careers. Regarding children’s health, e-cigarettes or vapes are

easily found in junior high schools and senior high schools. Please take action to improve

the situation.

2. R.O.C. Association of HIV/AIDS and Child Care & Taiwan Association of

Gender/Sexuality Rights Protection: Sexual education in Taiwan is not fully implemented.

72% of sexual education courses are taught by teachers who have not received

professional training. We suggest that sexually transmitted diseases （STD） statistics

and relevant statistics should be categorized more precisely; teachers should receive

professional training to provide age-appropriate sexual education based on science to

children of different age groups. Also, terminologies regarding gender, gender equality

and equity and their English translations should be clearly defined by the government and

should be consistent on all official documents, including regulations, official

correspondences and documents.

3. Taiwan NGOs for CRC:

（1）We would suggest that the government set up a dedicated institution in the executive

branch of the central government to coordinate and promote children’s rights. In the

judicial processes, children representatives have to face a system that focuses on adults,

which made it difficult for them to express their opinions. Adults should listen to their

voices with friendly and inclusive attitudes and respond to their opinions. We need to

eliminate discrimination on campus by providing operational guidelines to enhance

teachers’ cultural sensitivity and communication strategies and by establishing an

accountable mechanism and SOPs to receive and handle complaints on campus

discrimination. We urge the government to pass laws to prohibit corporal punishment

and implement all existing regulations on corporal punishment. For the health of

children and youth, air quality indicators should include indoor air pollution monitoring

equipment on campus and improvement equipment; relevant regulations should be

passed to ensure food safety and a balanced diet in kindergartens; preventive screening

and subsidies for treatment should be provided to prevent and treat Internet addiction;

interpersonal and life skills training as well as sufficient tertiary counseling for children

to prevent children and youth suicide.

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（2）To protect children from sexual exploitation, the Optional Protocol to the Convention

on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child

Pornography （OPSC） should be incorporated into Taiwan’s domestic laws as soon

as possible, and cyber abduction act should be stipulated; an investigation agency

dedicated to crimes related to sexual exploitation of children should be established;

people working with children and youth should learn about and should educate children

about sexual images produced by children and youth as well as sexual exploitation on

the Internet. To help children with special needs, we propose five principles: respect

the subjectivity of children witnessing domestic violence; protect children’s rights to

be sheltered; establish an alternative care and support system integrating care by

relatives and foster families; improve the quality of inclusive preschool education for

students with special needs; enhance support for children who have been exposed to

family violence.

4. Taiwan Parents Protect Women and Children Association: Some books in public libraries

are not age-appropriate for children. The rating system for books must be implemented to

protect the health of children; Books shelved in open reading spaces should be appropriate

for all ages; books of different ratings should be shelved separately to prevent children

from getting books unsuitable for them.

5. Taiwan Love Children Association: Students in junior high and high schools are suffering

from sleep deprivation and heavy academic stress. That’s why we have been discussing

the possibility of adjusting school hours. Adolescence is an important developmental stage,

so we suggest that the government offer training courses to parents of teenagers to improve

the communication between parents and children. The implementation of the bilingual

policy requires long-term planning. The policy should not be rushed when all

supplementary measures and resources are not made available, as it would add extra stress

to students.

6. National Alliance of Presidents of Parents Association: With insufficient promotion of the

ideas of CRC, children still experience corporal punishment in schools. The government

should supervise faculty members’ training to ensure CRC ideas are put into practice. The

government has neglected to protect the health of children as teenagers attracted to novel

e-cigarettes or vaping have surged over the years. We call on the government to completely

ban vape and e-cigarettes to be made available in the market. Other suggestions have been

included in the report submitted by the National Alliance of Presidents of Parents

Association （NAPPA） on March 31st.

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7. CRC Watch: Article 1085 of the Civil Code still states that parents could inflict

punishments on their children, but the amended The Protection of Children and Youths

Welfare and Rights Act will include corporal punishment. This will lead to contradictions

with the Civil Code and the Civil Code should be amended. Considering the low birth rate

in Taiwan, it is necessary to eliminate any causes that may harm children. The number of

injuries and death caused by traffic accidents and suicide is on the rise. Following

international trends and in response to the actual situation, it is necessary to expand the

investigation of causes of death to children under 18. Although the child budget has been

on the rise over the years, the allocation of the budget has been off balance. Resources

allocated for development, well-being, health and protection are not balanced. We urge

the government to better understand what resources are needed. Despite the laws, the ideas

of CRC have not been promoted properly, so people working with children and youth do

not fully understand CRC. There are still bullying, sexual harassment, and mistreatment

on campuses. Also, for incidents that happened on campuses, decision makers and

investigators are mostly teachers, thus making it difficult for children to make complaints

and so children’s rights cannot be protected.

8. Covenants Watch & Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty & Taiwan Education

Association:

（1）Covenants Watch: With the current statistics of cases concerning children and juveniles

in the justice system, it is difficult to get the whole picture of criminal offenses by

young people under 18. We would suggest the government change the statistical

methods. In Taiwan, the age to bear criminal responsibility is 14, yet juvenile offenders

aged between 12 and 14 may still be incarcerated in the correction facilities and

offenders under 18 have been sentenced to be imprisoned for a long time, which are

against children’s best interests and survival and development rights. Mistreatment

exists in juvenile correction facilities, and it is hard to differentiate disciplinary actions

and protective actions from punishments. Children staying in correctional facilities

cannot receive proper opportunities for education, recreation and physical activities. At

present, in the four juvenile correctional facilities, children with impairments account

for eight to 12 %, but the number may be an underestimation. Also, these children may

not receive personalized care and support.

（2）Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty: Taiwan has not paid attention to the rights

and benefits of the children of criminal offenders or prisoners and there are no

80

 regulations protecting the rights of such children. We suggest the government revise

the sentencing guidelines to replace imprisonment with other penalties and take

children’s best interests and opinions into consideration when deciding the sentences.

A justice system that is friendly for children to express their opinions should be

established. Criminals with children or who are the main caretakers of children should

not be sentenced to death by the court and counseling services should be provided for

children whose parents have been sentenced to death.

（3）Taiwan Education Association: Taiwan’s definitions of disability focus on medical or

physical disabilities, so disabled people meeting the definitions stated in the CRPD

may be excluded to receive support and assistance. In addition, the government’s

support for disabled children is severely insufficient. For example, the service hours of

assistants on campuses have been cut or there are no assistants. We hope the Review

Committee would urge the government to revise the definitions of disability to match

the ones in the CRPD, and to put in more resources in helping disabled children to

really make education inclusive.

9. The League for Persons with Disabilities: A disabled student named Chen Yue-Ning

speaks on their behalf. I am a student with dysgraphia. I have five problems in my life.

Firstly, assignments. I could not finish my homework on time if I have to write them with

pens and paper. I have to wake up at five am to finish the homework, and sometimes I can

barely finish the assignment before going to school. Secondly, corrections. The teacher

would use the break time to help me correct my homework and quizzes. The teacher

praises my attitude, but I really hope I can have some break time to play with my

classmates. Thirdly, quizzes. When we have quizzes, we would exchange exam papers to

check the answers. Even though my answers are correct, my classmates often deduct

points because they could not read my handwriting. Fourthly, exams. Even though the

Special Education Students Diagnosis and Placement Counseling Committee （DPCC）

has allowed me to use the computer to type my answers, I still need to write my answers

with pens at the sixth grade. The IEP meeting has suggested amplifying the fonts of some

exam papers, but the fonts were not amplified and the exam time for some subjects has

not been extended. Fifthly, communication. Students with invisible disabilities may look

normal so people may misunderstand and think that we do not have any trouble. I hope

the decisions of the IEP meeting could be implemented and substitute teachers as well as

after-class tutors would understand my conditions.

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10.The Guardian-National Association for Children and Family: The system to select children

and youth representative in local governments are not friendly to children. 95% of the

counties and cities have age limits and exclude children under 11. Most counties and cities

do not have guaranteed quotas for children with special needs, so they are not represented.

Also, the meeting time is not friendly for children and youth representatives and they often

feel they have not been respected. For children being placed in placement facilities, their

families have not received enough resources and support, so the percentage of these

children returning home has been decreasing. The issue of fair evaluation. All placement

facilities for children need to be evaluated to improve their service quality, but it has been

discovered that placement facilities set up or managed by the government have

significantly higher evaluation scores and the scores of private placement facilities have

continued to drop over the years. When we tried to find out the reasons behind this

phenomenon, we discovered that amendments to regulations and major incidents in the

facilities would affect the evaluation scores of private facilities, but public facilities would

not be affected.

11.Taiwan Residential Child Care Alliance: We should take children’s opinions into

consideration when choosing placement facilities. We understand that mainstream society

may have concerns about placement facilities, but these facilities can also provide

individualized care. Apart from the scale of care, we should focus more on the model of

care. Many placement facilities now provide small group homes for care. The role of small

group homes is not clear and we face problems of lack of resources. The government

should set concrete goals and timelines for all placement facilities, so local governments

and NGOs can make preparations to ensure children placed in existing placement facilities

could receive quality care. We also need to continue to improve the funding, the number

of caregivers, and the professional competencies of the staff.

12.Taiwan Mothers Shield Alliance for the Protection of Families and Children: We need to

pay attention to the mental health of children and the issue of Internet addiction. Sexual

education should be comprehensive and thorough. On the family front, family education

should be incorporated into the curriculums of all levels of schools. According to Article

13 of the Family Education Act, there should be at least four hours of family education in

each academic year, and regular inspections should be carried out to ensure that the

regulations have been complied with. Colleges and universities should offer family

education-related courses as required courses. On the campus front, the suicide prevention

system in schools and the referral systems for medical resources should be improved. The

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 opinions of children development experts should be taken into consideration when

designing the curriculum for health and physical education. Regarding the Internet, the

government should ensure that children are safe to use the Internet by stipulating penalties

for Internet service providers to ensure that they set up protective mechanisms, including

offering guidelines for parents, rules for children to use mobile phones, and information

about protective software. Children’s physical and mental health and the issue of child

abuse are closely connected to families, yet the government has not placed its priority on

family issues and there is no government agency dedicated to family. We also urge the

government to establish a mechanism to evaluate the influence of families.

13.Taiwan Women and Children Rights & Benefits Association: We urge the government to

pay attention to the mental health of children, and to provide emotional education

programs for teachers, parents, children and youth to promote mental health. Content on

the Internet should be managed with a rating system to prevent children from accessing

improper content that may harm their physical and psychological development. Family

education centers of all local governments have not done enough to promote family

education and criteria should be established to evaluate family education centers.

14.Pro Femina Taiwan: The current procedures of filing for divorce by consent do not offer

any mechanism to consider and verify the rights and obligations of both parties and the

best interest of children as well as their rights to express opinions cannot be guaranteed.

We suggest the government set a buffer time by referring to the practices of other countries.

For example, parents are required to separate for a certain period of time and receive

marriage consulting before filing for divorce to protect the children’s best interests.

15.National Alliance of Parents Organization: Suspension of classes during the COVID-19

pandemic has a negative impact on high school students learning progress. After physical

classes are resumed, remedial courses should be offered. Students’ grades in junior and

senior high schools, in Comprehensive Assessment, and GSAT should be used as

indicators to implement remedial courses. Many places do not have sufficient substitute

teachers, particularly in rural areas. This has affected students’ education and the

government should keep track of the situation and change relevant policies.

16.International Association for Advancement of Children’s Rights: The cases of child sexual

abuse are on the rise, so we suggest the Executive Yuan review the gender mainstreaming

policy and take action to respond to the rising number of sexual abuse cases over the years.

Ministry of Education should review the content of gender equality education as well as

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 problems in the teaching methods, and strengthen education for the prevention of sexual

abuse. Online pornography has become ubiquitous, so we have to review the effect of the

iWIN policy and establish a rating system for online content. We also have to require all

online media programs to be labeled with ratings and improve children’s media literacy.

17.Corporation Aggregate of the Resurrection Food Bank Holistic Care Association:

（1）We are highly concerned about the influence of media on children. When the Public

Television Service （PTS） produced programs about sexual issues and surrogate

mothers, the station did not maintain a neutral position to include views from the

support and opposition sides or multiple perspectives, which could have a negative

impact on children’s development. We suggest that NCC take action to punish PTS and

that PTS should build a monitoring system. In the future, experts in children’s

development should be invited to act as advisors when companies are producing

educational programs in the future.

（2）Representatives from children and youth groups: We urge the government to pay

attention to families, allowing parents and children to spend more time together. In

schools, when we learn about happiness, love, cherishing lives and responsibility, when

integrity and virtues are cultivated, students will learn to be more empathetic, and so

bullying can be prevented.

18.Bluesky Action Alliance: Absent

19.Taiwan Fund for Children and Families: The cause of death analysis should cover all

children under 18. For the mental health of children, we should review the present mental

health service for children and its outcomes, taking the opinions of children into

consideration. We should also protect children’s autonomy in making medical decisions.

The government should stipulate regulations governing digital sexual violence and

establish a mechanism to actively protect victims. The government should adjust its

strategies to penalize teachers who use corporal punishments to punish students; improve

the promotion of children’s awareness of their rights and the complaint mechanism. The

government should integrate resources for its alternative care policies to evaluate the

quality of care in placement facilities with specific indicators. Commissioned placement

facilities do not have a mechanism in place to provide counseling for children to prepare

them to return home. There is no statistical analysis on placement facilities for children

with special needs and demand-response strategies. Regarding the problem of teenage

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 pregnancy, the government does not have enough data about teenagers’ pregnancy,

prenatal care, childbirth and abortions. Since there 25-30% of high school students drop

out of school or apply for suspension because of pregnancy, the government should review

the effect of related policies, interventions and counseling services. Rural areas suffer from

insufficient education resources and there is a digital divide between rural and urban areas.

The government should review the allocation of subsidies and education resources. The

number of children victims of sexual abuse is on the rise, accounting for the majority of

victims of sexual abuse. We suggest that the government publish studies on child sexual

abuse cases to examine the severity of the situation and the effect of the system.

20.Association of Parents in Kaohsiung:

（1）Some trainers listed in Ministry of Education Professional Gender Equity Education

Teacher Database are delivering content that violates the value of sexual equality when

they teach or give speeches. We urge Ministry of Education to establish evaluation

criteria on teachers’ educational philosophy when they recommend teachers for gender

equity education.

（2）Representatives from children and youth groups: We suggest education authorities

restore character education courses in elementary schools and move courses not

relevant to enrollment to higher grades in elementary school. We also hope to have

elective courses in junior high school, so we can choose to focus on academic or

practical fields ourselves.

21.Action Alliance on Basic Education: We urge the government to ban all kinds of e-

cigarettes and vaping. The Curriculum Guidelines of 12-Year Basic Education led to a

double track system where students need to prepare both examination and learning

portfolios, creating extra pressure for students. We urge the government to increase the

number of curriculum consultants and their functions. Learning consultation and

exploration should start from elementary school and continue until senior high school.

22.AGLOW Taiwan: Regarding sexually transmitted diseases （STD） among teenagers,

the number of gonorrhea patients among teenagers between 10-19 has grown 2.6 times in

the past three years. The number of syphilis patients among teenagers did not decrease,

either. The number of HIV patients decreased significantly thanks to AIDS education and

the use of PrEP. A lot of social media and dating apps are spreading incorrect sexual

knowledge on the Internet, so we urge the government to control the situation; establish a

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 rating system for content on the Internet; add warning messages to misinformation;

publish annual reports on STDs among teenagers.

23.New Taipei City Loving and Protecting Minors Association: Regarding drug abuse in

Taiwan, according to the statistics provided by Ministry of Education, the number of

students involved in drug abuse has decreased between 2012 and 2021, but the number of

students involved in trafficking and selling drugs has increased. Drug dealers would

seduce children and youth to sell drugs for them. According to the Narcotics Hazard

Prevention Act, marijuana should not be legalized. Law enforcement agencies should

protect children from being seduced by adults to engage in drug trafficking or selling.

Medical professionals, social workers, teachers, and police officers have the legal duty to

report on the situation of children’s drug abuse.

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 逐字稿紀錄

司儀：（會前提醒）

各位與會者大家好，我們下一階段委員與非政府組織會議，將在幾分鐘後正式

開始，請各位貴賓盡速入座，我們的會議門口跟會場兩側都有座位表，請各位

貴賓盡快入座。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

時間到了、時間到了，下個場次即將開始。

司儀：

委員與非政府組織會議即將開始，請各位貴賓入座，兒童權利公約第二次國家

報告國際審查會議之委員與非政府組織會議，會議開始，本場會議總共 80 分

鐘，請民間團體依序報告，各位代表報告時間為 6 分鐘或者 3 分鐘，時間到前 3

分鐘及 1 分鐘我們會舉牌提醒，請大家留意發言的時間，稍後司儀會唱名，依照

順序的報告單位，請各位要報告的單位代表坐在您的位置上，輪到您要報告的

時候請舉手，我們會有工作人員將麥克風以及簡報筆遞到您的座位，我們留在

座位上進行報告。好，我們會議全程提供中英文的同步口譯，為了使口譯人員

能夠清楚地收聽到發言的內容，也請發言的代表要注意語速，謝謝！接下來將

時間交給主席。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

這是一個很明顯、很重要的場次，那麼換句話說，我們收到了各式各樣 NGO 的

資訊，有一些 NGOs 已經開始在他們的活動當中包含了兒童權利，在這些組織建

立之初，雖然沒有含納進去，但是現在了解到了兒童權利之重要性，也因此納

入了各個 NGO 的活動當中，我們很肯定這樣子的做法，今天早上主要會聽 NGO

的報告，在下午則會進行問答，我不太知道報告的順序是甚麼？不過這一點我

想就交給完全掌握報告順序的司儀。

司儀：

首先第一個單位中華民國飛盤協會請舉手，請工作人員遞上麥克風，謝謝，請

開始。

中華民國飛盤協會代表：

1. 我們是中華民國飛盤運動協會，相當關心各種的體育競賽，我們今天主題要

說的是跨別選手的組別參賽，將影響女性的運動選手的教育及她的職涯的生

涯，高中體總官網公告，在 112 年全中運起將開放跨別及雙性人的運動員跨

組別的參賽，但是在國外未摘除生殖器官的大學跨性別的選手，他原來本身

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 是個男性，他參加女子賽事時打破歷年來多項的紀錄，成為很多冠軍，使得

很多真正的生理女性的選手失敗，而無言以對，請問一下那我們女性還需要

比賽嗎？針對這樣女性，這樣對他們選手公平嗎？這樣的邊緣化，確實嚴重

影響女性的選手未來職涯的一個規劃，學校的體育班就不會再有女生來參加

報名，因為非常非常的不公平，這些日子以來，跨性別 112 年，更正，112 公

里數的扣殺、也就是排球比賽將對手殺到腦震盪，也兩個禮拜都躺在、除了

臉、眼睛、脖子全部都受傷，請問一下她以後怎麼辦？希望能正視這個問題，

謝謝。

2. 大家好、委員好，我要講的是兒童健康的問題，我是高中三年級的學生，今

天來這裡就是希望政府可以救救我們學生，還有委員可以救救我們學生，不

要忽視孩子健康了，電子煙現在在校園已經非常非常的氾濫，年齡層也下修，

之前可能大學才有，現在高中、國中都已經有在抽電子煙的情況了，常常一

到下課時間，廁所就充滿電子煙的味道，我們同儕輩也不好意思去當告密者

告發，那學校師長也因為一些規定不能去搜查，很難去搜查學生，哪一些人

有帶入違禁品進入校園，會因為這樣子，就是因為買賣太過於方便，蝦皮隨

便打開來就可以買了，所以請大家，政府官員或者是委員可以讓我們改善這

一件事情，讓我們學生的健康不要被侵害，謝謝。

司儀：

接下來請第 2 個報告單位，中華兒少愛滋防治關懷協會，台灣性別人權維護促進

協會，請報告。

中華兒少愛滋防治關懷協會，台灣性別人權維護促進協會：

我自己是醫療背景，我想要談的是兒少的性健康，我們看到其實在過去，我國

在過去幾年，淋病的罹患率大幅地上升，而現在我們看到很多這種高危險族

群，並沒有有效的預防措施，再來是梅毒，梅毒事實上會影響年輕的女性，尤

其會影響他們未來的生育，再來就是性健康的教育並沒有落實，72%的性健康教

育老師，他們並沒有接受過專業的訓練，我們認為性病相關的數據應該要做更

細緻的分類，同時也要培訓更多這方面的專業教師，讓他們具備包括性教育以

及兒少健康相關的專業訓練，能夠提供以科學為基礎、適合不同學童年齡的性

教育。第二個問題就是詞彙的定義，政府基本上用相同的翻譯，相同的詞彙來

指涉不同的事物，造成了很多人的混淆，譬如說性別指的是我們在護照以及身

分證上面的生理性別，但是到了另一份文件又變成是 Gender，另外多元性別這

個詞彙，有的時候指的是性別多元化，有的時候又似乎代表 LGBT 族群，這個讓

人相當的困惑，除此之外平等這個詞彙，有的時候英文翻譯成 Equity 或是

Equality，不同的法令裡面的英文翻譯是不一樣的，但是如果我們看 CEDAW 消

除一切形式婦女歧視公約當中，其實應該有可以供政府參考的地方，但是政府

並不想要去修正這些錯誤，單純的保留這些不同的翻譯，不一致的翻譯，我們

88

 認為政府應該要舉辦更多的公聽會來討論這些詞彙的定義，適當的翻譯同時也

要將所有的法規、政府公文、文件當中這些詞彙的定義要說清楚，所以不管是

所有的政府公文或者是法規詞彙必須要一致。

司儀：

第 3 個報告單位台灣兒童權利公約聯盟。

台灣兒童權利公約聯盟：

國際委員、各位先進大家好，我是兒福聯盟執行長麗芳，那我後面是展翅協會

的秘書長逸玲，今天會由我們兩位來代表台灣兒童權利公約聯盟報告，那這次

的報告是由 13 個民間團體共同撰寫，那今天會依著 CRC 的一般性原則，一般兒

少與特殊處境的兒少的順序來報告，CRC 一般性原則有關設立兒少專責機構與

兒權獨立的監察單位，目前兒少福利與權益業務分散各自為政，建議國家應設

中央政府行政院層級的專責機構，以利業務的協調與推動，那關於人權會遇到

的問題，我就不贅述，但本聯盟期待可以設立獨立且專屬兒少的兒童權利監督

倡議單位，並有效地落實職權，有關聆聽並回應兒少的真實心聲，本聯盟觀察

到無論是在司法程序中的兒少或是中央兒少代表，都經常需面對以成人為主的

體制框架，導致表意的困境，此外一般兒少在學校或家庭中，甚至特殊處境的兒

少，成人都應該以多元友善的形式傾聽並給予回應。有關消弭校園歧視，臺灣少數

族群兒少在成長過程中普遍有遭受歧視的經驗，建議政府盡速改善，因福利政策

執行過程中所產生的負面效果，建立具體的操作指引，增進教師文化敏感度與

溝通策略，並且成立具公信力的校園歧視申訴管道與處理流程。有關一般兒少

立法禁止一切體罰，根據我們的調查兒童在生活各種場域中被體罰是普遍現

象，譬如在幼托園所或安置機構，兒童被嚴重體罰的事件時有所聞，建請政府

應積極推動立法禁止體罰並且落實既有的相關規定。有關性教育與生育保健教

育，臺灣兒少發生性行為的比率逐年增高，青少女的生育率城鄉差異極大，但學

校當中健康教育課常淪為配課，缺乏有專業知能的老師，呼籲政府應建制性教育

諮詢資源給兒少、家長以及教師。有關重視兒少身心健康，政府應針對空污標

準增列校園室內監測與改善設備，此外盡快實施相關法規，確保幼托機構的飲

食衛生、安全與營養均衡，針對網路成癮應透過預防篩檢、治療給付的措施，

還有針對日益升高的兒少自殺率，應提供人際與生活技能訓練教育，並提供充足

的三級輔導資源。

此外要採取更積極的措施保護兒少免於性剝削，政府應盡速將 OPSC 國內法化，

使相關定義、刑法皆與 OPSC 一致，並且制定網路誘拐法，也應該要建立兒少性

剝削犯罪的專責調查單位，並且普及兒少工作者關於兒少自製性影像，以及網

路性剝削的知能，同時加強教育宣導。在針對特殊處境兒少的特別措施方面，

聯盟提出五項訴求，一、要重視目睹家庭暴力兒少的主體性，社政人員應該要

落實對目睹兒少的安全和需求評估，連結適當資源，司法人員應該要提昇對目

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 睹兒少的敏感度和專業知能，審理親權事件應該要以兒少為主體，重視兒少的

表意權跟最佳利益。二、落實保護安置兒少權利，應該要積極針對長期安置兒

少的返家適應與自立能力來培育，提供具體且長期的協助措施，落實對家庭的

支持以及重整工作，幫助兒少的創傷復原，並且在各式的決策安排中應該要納

入兒少的想法與意見，減緩與降低兒少安置安排或轉換的傷害。三、整合親屬

安置及家庭寄養的替代照顧措施及支持，親屬安置及家庭寄養的主管機關，應

該要整合家外安置替代性照護措施以及支持性服務，並且要增加親屬安置的支

持性服務。四、提升特殊需求兒童學前融合教育的品質，減少偏鄉與都會地區

巡迴輔導教師專業背景的落差，結合相關專業強化巡輔服務的量能，考量偏鄉

與都會差異，規劃合理巡輔服務師生比，建置友善而且統一的專業團隊的服務

使用方式。五、強化曝險兒少的支持性服務，應該要全面的檢討兒童司法系統

強化相關輔導單位的照顧、處遇以及追蹤輔導的功能，針對兒少施用毒品問

題，要整合 NPO 社區來參與與預防措施，並且加強親職教育，一同引導兒少培

養興趣和參與休閒活動，以上是台灣兒童權利公約聯盟的報告，謝謝。

司儀：

接下來我們請編號第 4，台灣家長守護婦幼權益協會進行報告。

台灣家長守護婦幼權益協會：

各位委員還有主辦單位的各位先進，大家好，我要說的是我們這次蠻遺憾的，

兒童權利公約的施行法在我國已經實施 8 年了，我們仍然在一些公立的圖書館，

公開展出的書籍中，發現有不適宜兒童閱覽的內容，而且他沒有放在應該被管

制的區域，因著保護兒童身心健康的權利，我們提出以下幾點建議，第一、我

們支持民主國家民主言論及著作的自由，但在出版品的閱讀年齡分級，我們認

為不可以鬆懈。第二、即使沒有列入限制級的書籍，在開放式讀書空間仍然應

該要注意是不是適合全齡閱覽，來決定它的陳列位置。第三、在公開展覽的部

分，這些書籍是不是應該也要區分它放置的位置以免兒童拿到？我們也準備了

我們發現的案例，但不太適合在這個場合，因為我們有兒童在場，所以我們等

一下再把這些資料給委員傳閱，謝謝。

司儀：

接下來我們請編號第 5，台灣愛兒親師家長協會進行報告。

台灣愛兒親師家長協會：

好、各位國際委員以及所有愛護兒少夥伴們，以下是台灣愛兒親師家長協會所

提出的報告，第一點是家庭支持，你覺得高中生幾點上學才能確保兒童的最佳

利益呢？我們發現在 2021 年公共政策網路平台，針對高中生對於上課時間調整

為 9:30~17:00，有兩個團體做了問卷調查，在第三頁的投影片當中顯示臺灣青年

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 民主協會及全國家長聯盟團體，他們所顯示的結果，其實雙方都是在乎學生的

睡眠不足以及學業負擔沉重的問題，延後上學並不是主要的訴求，但是學生和

師長看法不同，並沒有針對問題做有效的溝通，因此會讓家長以為兒童權利公

約是在挑戰大人容易產生衝突，因此讓我們進一步思考，大人有沒有聽懂孩子

提出問題的背後所造成的原因呢？其實孩子是在反應青少年所面對的壓力，家

有青少年的家長也面對不同的壓力，青少年是一個重要的過渡時期，就好像是

毛毛蟲變成蝴蝶的蛹期，他們在改變，家長教養孩子的方式也需要改變，青少

年需要引導跟界線，也更需要被了解跟接納，因此本協會提出建議，青少年階

段是重要的發展階段，除了鼓勵青少年發展自我，行使參與權及表意權之外，

也可以對青少年家長提供增能的課程、促進彼此的溝通，例如政府可以委託民

間單位開辦青少年的親職講座，或者是進一步鼓勵企業要求員工可以進行提供、

員工學習親職溝通的一些管道。第二個我們要提出訴求是雙語政策，抱歉，第

五頁的投影片是顯示本協會多年來舉行線上的親子家長增能課程深受好評，那

也因為疫情我們轉成線上，然後增加親子的溝通，第二點是雙語政策，現在孩

子的國文能力偏低，不少學生反映 108 課綱強調的多元及素養，但是考試題目過

長，光是理解題目就很困難，怎麼可能做答呢？現在又要學生加強雙語，不論

是外語或本土語，如果沒有完整配套措施，提供適當語言環境，恐造成學習不

良以及學生的挫折，因此我們締約國應該尊重兒童的發展權，鼓勵他們發展天

分跟興趣才是重點，因此本協會建議雙語政策需要有長遠的專業計畫，不應該

在配套還沒有完整、還有資源尚未到位之前就草率上路，造成學生的學習壓力，

學習家庭、營造家庭學習母語環境才是母語的決定因素，永遠不要放棄任何一

個孩子，無論如何都要無條件的愛他們，最後一句話永不放棄 Never Give Up，

謝謝大家。

司儀：

接下來我們請編號第 6 全國家長會長聯盟進行報告。

全國家長會長聯盟：

1. 跟主席報告一下，等一下我們聯盟會有 4 分鐘，就是國教聯盟給予我們 1 分

鐘，謝謝，我們分成兩個主題各 2 分鐘報告，政府嚴重的 CRC 的基礎概念宣

導不足，導致兒童的生命權受到嚴重的影響，在校園方面時常發生體罰狀態，

有一案例，老師掐著學生的脖子，家長報警處理，網路輿論一面倒檢討老師，

抱歉，是檢討孩子及家長，卻說老師很優秀，在現實的生活中時常看到成年

人騎摩托車載 3 個小孩子，三貼、四貼，甚至沒有戴安全帽，打開網路也隨

處可見類似的新聞，今天打開網路又看到 11/11 的新聞，媽媽騎著摩托車載著

兩個小孩子遭警察開罰，結果執行警員在網路被公審沒有同情心，小型車附

帶兒童行駛於道路時，18 公斤以下應要坐安全座椅或臥床，以上的種種，臺

灣宣導不足，導致 CRC 內涵精神在宣導的時候，時常民眾會遭到公審，而我

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 就是其中一位，現在我們兒童的生命正受到嚴重的威脅，2021 年道安資訊查

詢網顯示，1 歲至 12 歲因車禍死亡高達 8,705 人，13 歲至 17 歲死亡人數 1 萬

5,856 人，中央對地方政府教育的考核項目，校內人員參與 CRC 公約教育訓

練參加率高達 88%以上，但實際訪談中卻不到 50%，甚至某縣市的教育部處

長還有五都的校長都不知道甚麼是 CRC，政府如何監督學校教職員是否落實

CRC 相關教育？檢核機制為何？CRC 的參加率有這麼的、了解的有這麼的低，

那這樣子的虛報，然後請領補助這其實都已經觸犯了刑法，在法規的部分，

有很多政府部門及縣市政府，地方自治法違反 CRC，其中金門縣政府對於陸

籍生無法寄讀的說明中也提到，如果依 CRC 精神處置，給予就讀，教育部也

恐不同意，獨金門地方自治法、移民署、陸委會、教育部，其中對外籍生、

陸籍生不同規定，已經違反不歧視原則，兒童是世界的資產非屬任何人的附

屬品，請政府不要有政治考量，對兒童部分要另外修法以達 CRC 的不歧視原

則，建議事項因為時間有限請詳見全國家長會長聯盟 3/31 的報告具體建議，

謝謝。

2. 各位委員大家好，我是全國家長會長聯盟理事長黃正銘，我們今天的第二個

議題是全面禁止新型菸品上市，政府嚴重忽視兒少的健康跟兒少的保護，目

前來講我們國健署的資料，也就是說目前有 7.9 萬，我們當時候在開記者會的

時候其中有 2.3 萬的國中生，5.6 萬的高中生在吸食電子煙，在 9 個月前我們

開的記者會是 7.3 萬，也就說我們有逐年增加的狀況，在這頁簡報，這一個海

報是一個班級裡面，老師請他們繳出的電子煙，裡面只有兩張載具，也代表

青少年共同的吸食，那這一定是增加傳染病的機率，我們也可以看到新型菸

品會造成大腦的損害跟身體終身的傷害，這是 18 歲女孩，吸食電子煙後，造

成她一輩子仰賴呼吸器，她說電子煙不是菸，可是造成了她爆米花肺，也就

是告訴我們事實上遠遠不只如此，我們有很多的團體，像全國家長的團體，

學校團體、教師團體、政府單位、國健署、衛福部，這些的團體都是在呼籲

我們盡快的新型菸品能夠禁止上市，但是我們政府 15 年來完全都不做一件事

情，就是 15 年半《菸害防制法》未曾修法，我們現在立即要求保護青少年健

康權益，全面禁止新型菸品，在本會期的立法院能夠加速修法成功，前面的

雙禁電子煙、加熱菸等新型菸品，謝謝。

司儀：

接下來我們請編號第 7 號，兒童權利公約民間監督聯盟進行報告，那在這邊也稍

微提醒一下，請各位注意報告的語速，讓我們口譯人員能夠清楚地收聽發言的

內容，進行同步口譯，謝謝。

兒童權利公約民間監督聯盟：

委員還有各位先進大家午安，那在分享之前我覺得在這邊還是要提，因為這 3 天

的時間，大概只有這個時間我們的 NGO 可以跟我們的委員做說明，還有跟委員

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互動表達 NGO 想法，我覺得非常可惜，因為接下來大概只會聽到是政府部門的

意見，而 NGO 大概只能在我們的轉播室沒有辦法形成對話，我覺得未來如果政

府在辦這樣子應該讓我們 NGO 能夠跟委員直接對話。

我們大概從這三個部分來談目前的狀況，那從法令面，法治源頭，如果法一開

始就錯了，前端就錯了，那 2017 年委員結論性意見第 57 點次，特別明訂禁止家

內體罰，同時也要確保公私立的學校跟機構所有工作人員不可以使用體罰，可

是到時至今日，臺灣政府在我們的《民法》1085 條，明定授予我們家長懲戒權，所

以法務部對於民間團體的質疑也不予以回應，那 2018 年更有法院認為以皮帶毆

打兒童的手腳屁股等明顯體罰行為，乃是父母行使懲戒權的合理範圍，即便接

下來修《兒少權法》會納入禁止體罰的相關條文，可是法律有競合關係，那如

果還是因《民法》1085 條有阻卻違法的話，那這樣的落後的法是不是應該要修

改？在少子化的臺灣，我們必須要努力杜絕各種導致兒童傷害的可能，可是根

據研究，有 3 成的兒童死亡是可以預防的，只要詳加了解死因就可提出有效對策，

2019 年我們政府也修訂了《兒少權法》，明定政府應進行 6 歲以下兒童的死因回

溯分析，3 年過去了，我們卻停留在試辦階段，甚至身為首善之區的台北市仍然

沒有加入試辦計畫，法定的不做、那要法何用呢？而且因應國際趨勢跟實務現況，

死因回溯應該擴大到 18歲，像是今天一直大家都有提到的交通跟自殺，用這近 5 年

來，我們的孩子生少 3 萬，可是我們的交通死傷多增加了 3,000，這一來一回並

不會是臺灣的福氣，自殺的比例也逐年在上升。

在行政面上，2017 年帳面上看到，的確我們預算逐年有在增加，可是實質上卻

嚴重的失衡，整體的兒少預算 75%都用於教育，可是非常需要的所謂的發展、

福利、健康跟保護，整個資源分配明顯不均，因為只占了 25%，尤其我國因為

社會跟家庭結構的改變，造成兒少照顧者的支持系統能力跟因應，都是更為脆

弱的，所以亟需要更多資源來協力這些兒少照顧者獲得協助，尤其是特殊需求

的兒少，更需要各種資源的投入，來完善整體的支持網絡，不過看來不是；再

加上兒少安置的時候，他必須還是要到學校就學，如果我們投注了這麼多的資

源在教育體系，為什麼當他在安置機構要進入到學校，卻是重重困難，而要我

們民間團體為了兒少的就學權益多方奔走？所以政府投資這麼多在教育，反而

是事實上是拒絕兒少的，整個照顧體系的重擔放在民間團體，我覺得這個完全

不合理，此外第一次國家報告到現在，政府沒有辦法提出第一次的兒少預算，

那到底我們有幾個 5 年可以等，所以我們也希望未來是不是可以盡速的有兒少能

夠真正的發聲去看他的資源到底要什麼。

最後，實務現場我們看到，上了很多 CRC 課程沒有錯，到底是 KPI 的量次，還

是真的事實上把兒少權益的觀念讓政府部門執行兒少相關工作者理解？否則今

天不會有這麼多兒少，還是有在校園受到霸凌、性騷擾，或者是有不當對待的

事件發生；當然細數臺灣真的也很多法令來因應，像《兒少權法》第 49 條，《幼

教法》第 23、25、46 條跟《教保服務人員條例》的第 12 條，相關的法律這麼多，

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 可是也要問的是，事件發生後處理人員的公正性，我們有時候也不敢苟同，尤

其發生在校園內的事件，孩子要去跟學校申訴就重重困難，決策跟調查人員大

部分比例又是老師的時候，孩子權益到底在哪邊？如果加害人跟調查人是同一

個屬性，具利害關係的話，就會使孩子的權益無法受到保障。5 年過去了，臺灣

的兒童權利還在嬰幼兒階段，下周我們即將迎來 18 歲公民權投票，難道我們的

孩子都要 18 歲，才能等到身而為人最基本的權利保障嗎？所以在預算跟政策執

行者，是不是具有 CRC 的精神甚至我們各地方的兒少委員會能不能每次在開會

的時候，尊重兒少的權益？最後就是教育體制下的兒少申訴與表意，這些都能

夠被完備，以上是我的報告，謝謝。

司儀：

謝謝，我們接下來請編號第 8，社團法人人權公約施行監督聯盟，進行報告。

社團法人人權公約施行監督聯盟、廢除死刑推動聯盟、臺灣教育協會：

1. 社團法人人權公約施行監督聯盟：接下來的 6 分鐘會由人約盟、廢除死刑推

動聯盟以及臺灣教育協會代表 14 個團體來提出說明，首先針對於剛剛 IRC 關

於 NHRC 的提問，我們想要回應，關於 NHRC 的表現，不要說兒童沒有聽過，

我想一般社會大眾也不理解 NHRC 的工作，國家人權委員身兼監察委員，但

是從過去兩年 NHRC 委員的工作內容來看，NHRC 委員更偏好行使傳統的監

察委員職權，而不是專心在人權保護跟促進，事實上在現有的法律制度跟職

權底下，即便沒有職權行使法，國家人權委員只要願意，已經可以做非常多

的事情，包括兒權的保護與促進，以及酷刑的防範與調查；NHRC 從 2020 年

成立到今天，一直沒有形成一個系統性的工作方法，來嚴肅面對如何系統性

監測各項人權公約落實工作的挑戰，我們認為這個是影響到 NHRC 能見度與

表現最重要的因素。接下來，在兒童司法的部分有幾個議題，希望委員能夠

特別注意，首先是有關於統計的部分，臺灣政府所公布的青少年犯罪統計涵

蓋的年齡為 12 歲至 24 歲，因此我們很難了解 18 歲以下兒童觸法的全貌，我

們建議 IRC 應該要建議政府重新修正兒童司法的統計方法，再來刑事責任的

部分，雖然臺灣把刑事責任年齡定在 14 歲，可是也因為《少年事件處理法》

的規定，12 歲至 14 歲的觸法少年，仍舊可能被關押在矯正刑事系統中，還沒

有滿 18 歲的觸法者，雖然依法不會被處判死刑或無期徒刑，可是過去曾經有

被判處長達 30 年的案例發生，我們主張這種長期刑侵犯了兒童的生存跟發展

權，以及他的最佳利益，也會對兒童構成殘忍不人道有辱人格的待遇。在少

年矯正系統中，也存在非常多的不當對待，例如戒具的種類，目前仍舊常常

使用鐵製的腳鐐，而戒具使用的時機也不符合人權標準，也常常被用作為懲

罰的手段，而監所當中管教措施、保護措施與懲罰這 3 種類型的處置，也常

常難以區分，同時兒童也無法獲得近用適當的教育文化、體育活動跟娛樂的

機會，比方說被關押的兒童，目前仍難以獲得每天 1 小時的體育時間，另外

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 根據統計，4 所矯正機關當中，有 8%~12%的障礙兒童收容人，首先我們先懷

疑這樣子的統計有可能過分的低估，但是更嚴重的是，這些障礙兒童的收容

人，無法獲得他們需要的個別化措施以及支持，目前正是制定少年矯正機關

相關法規非常重要的時刻，我們希望委員能夠針對少年司法的議題，在未來

的 3 天當中給予更高的關注。

2. 廢除死刑推動聯盟：我是廢死聯盟的林慈偉，我想要請各位委員注意到，刑

事被告或是受刑人的孩子，這些孩子是隱形的被害人，在臺灣因為父母或是

主要照顧者被監禁而造成兒童與父母的分離，對於兒童最佳利益的負面影響

並不受到重視，臺灣的刑事法律對於這些兒童的權利沒有明文保障，在法院

的判決也常常錯誤解釋一般性意見，而判死刑或是判處監禁，我們很高興看

到專家在這一次的問題清單第 6.9 段，點出了這個問題，針對這一點我們建議，

第一，臺灣政府應採取一切可能的措施，像是透過量刑指南，量刑應該要以

非監禁措施來替代監禁刑罰，在量刑的過程當中，也要特別留意到兒童的最

佳利益以及表意權，第二、法院在這一類的刑事程序，應該要促成兒童友善

的表意環境，確保有兒童專業人員的協助，並應該對保護司法人員做專業培

訓，當涉及兒童利益時，檢察官應該要減緩他的對立姿態，第三點、也是最

後一點，臺灣還是一個有死刑的國家，在朝向廢除死刑的政策目標上，為了

兒童權利，法院不該對他們父母或者主要照顧者判除死刑，檢察官也不該在

這一類的被告求處死刑，至於對於父母已經被判處死刑的兒童，則是政府要

提供他們心理或者其他的必要措施，謝謝。

3. 臺灣教育協會：我們特別關注障礙兒童在教育中的處境，其中包含國家並沒

有落實融合教育，國家沒有正確認知到 CRPD 所謂的障礙人權模式，仍然以

醫療或是生物模式來定義障礙，導致符合 CRPD 定義的障礙者，可能被排除

在障礙的支持跟協助措施之外，無法獲得他應該要得到的協助，同時國家對

於障礙兒童的資源提供嚴重不足，舉例而言，以學校當中協助障礙者的助理

員，時數的提供為例，障礙兒童，即使是障礙程度比較嚴重的兒童，他的時

數仍然會遭到刪減或是不完全的提供，我們希望委員會能夠督促國家，包括

對於障礙的認知跟定義，還有意識的提升能夠更趨向 CRPD，也能夠在障礙

兒童的資源挹注上給予充分的協助，確保障礙兒童可以受到所需要的所有協

助，在跟其他人平等基礎上一起獲得教育，達到實質的融合教育，謝謝。

司儀：

謝謝，接下來我們請編號第 9，社團法人中華民國身心障礙聯盟，進行報告。

社團法人中華民國身心障礙聯盟：

1. 你好，我是身心障礙聯盟秘書長洪心平，由障礙兒少自己直接向各位委員說

明意見是最適合的，所以身心障礙聯盟這邊請我們持續培力的兒童之一，陳

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 玥寧同學代表發言。

2. 陳玥寧同學：大家好我是書寫障礙生，今年 12 歲國小六年級，謝謝你們聆聽

我五種困擾，第一種是作業，回家功課大部分都是用紙筆寫的，只有作文可

以用打字，萬一寫不完隔天會 5 點半自己清醒爬起來寫，偶爾會寫到早自修

時間、或者是等於用周末補寫完。第二項訂正，老師利用下課時間訂正學生

的作業和考卷，他讚美我的訂正態度比大部分的同學好，但我仍然希望有時

間能離開教室去操場跟同學一起玩，第三項小考，有一些小考考卷是同學交

換改答案，我明明答案寫對了，卻常常因為字寫得醜被同學扣分，也有同學

會埋怨我的醜字，讓他們很難改，但有些當然有少數同學比較友善，第四項

大考，四年級的時候，鑑輔會已經同意我可以用電腦打字作答，但我現在已

經六年級了，還是只能用書寫，我們在 IEP 中曾提議，希望部分考卷字體能

放大，但是沒有被放大，這次期中考數學和社會時，是在資源班考的，有提

供替代性的延長考試時間，但其他科在原班考試沒有延長時間，我寫得非常

趕，尤其是有考小短文的國語。第五項溝通，我學校的代課老師、代理老師

以及課後班老師，不理解我寫字慢跟字醜的情況，所以常常聽到他們的評

價，所以我希望同學可以認識我的隱性障礙，希望政府和 IEP 的決議能夠被

落實，希望學校能讓臨時代課、代理課後班老師知道我的狀況，第四項隱性

障礙的學生看起來很正常，所以比較容易會被誤會我們沒有困難，例如學習

障礙生的醜字是沒有用心寫、是隨便寫，是練習不夠，我沒有身心障礙手

冊，即使醫療端確診我有身心障礙，教育端有鑑輔會核定身分，但無法在公

費考試中申請電腦打字做答、謝謝大家。

司儀：

謝謝，接下來我們請編號第 10 社團法人中華兒童暨家庭守護者協會，進行報告。

社團法人中華兒童暨家庭守護者協會：

好，可敬的審查委員，非常高興你們再度指導福爾摩沙的兒童權利環境，我們

是守護者協會，服務兒童和家庭，在第一線我們看到政府在制度上對兒童的忽

視跟歧視，以下我們選擇重要的再提出報告。在報告中雖然呈現兒少代表具有

多元性和影響力，但實際上兒少代表制度對兒童非常不友善，簡報的圖表是根

據政府的資料，從代表性來說，請看左邊有 95%的縣市設定有年齡的限制，排

除了 11 歲以下的兒童，再請看右邊兩欄，大部分的縣市沒有弱勢兒少的保證名

額，也就是現行機制不有具代表的多元性；從執行制度來說，左邊兩欄，大家

都可以看到都超過 50%，似乎兒少參與逐漸地被制度化，但請看右邊第三欄，

實際上兒少代表很難參加，因為多數縣市不考慮他們可以參加的時間；從代表

被對待的態度來說，請見左邊 71%縣市在任期結束才會給兒少代表聘書，相反

的成人代表在遴選完就拿到聘書了，請看右邊 61%縣市要求這些兒少代表，必

須接受足夠的培訓時數才會給予聘書，把他們當作是實習生或是志工。國家報

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 告宣稱廣設家庭支持資源，但實際上面臨困難的兒童家庭，甚至是單親家庭都

很難得到真正的幫助，我們以安置機構的兒少返家為例，依據國家報告，安置

兒少返家比例都很低而且逐年下降，這就表示其實他們的家庭沒有得到有效的

資源來支持，所以兒少沒有辦法回家，正因孩子沒有辦法回家，所以有一個兒

少安置中斷的問題，孩子在安置處所經常轉換，負面影響很大，可是臺灣的政

府卻忽視這樣的現象，請看簡報左邊是這次國家報告的數據，他們表達只有低

於 40%的安置轉換率，但是很可惜，簡報右邊監察院的報告卻提出其實是高達

70%的安置轉換率，其中寄養家庭跟安置機構是一樣地高，以上資料都證明兒少

安置是中斷的現象是存在的，但是沒有被行政端重視，這是關於評鑑公正的問

題，全國兒少安置機構評鑑，應該提升全國兒少安置機構的服務品質，但實際

上只有提升公立與公設民營機構的評鑑成績，令人難以理解，簡報是根據政府

歷年的評鑑總報告看到的，請看藍色是公立機構，紫色是公設民營機構，我們

看到這兩種公辦機構在 2018 年全部都拿到優甲等，那我們再看看綠色，綠色優

甲等從 2012 的 76%降到 58%，也就是他們的服務品質好像每年都在下降，但我

們仔細探究原因發現，只有私立機構會因為各種法規的修正，還有機構內發生

重大事件而產生評鑑成績的影響，但是這些事情發生在公辦機構不會有影響，

更令人好奇的是，很多離開安置的孩子訴說的機構生活故事，往往跟他的評鑑

成績相反，我們真的希望國家不要只有在報告的文字上跟數據上改善，而是真

正的實質保障兒少權利的預算跟制度的建立，我們也非常強烈期待兒童監察使

的來臨，謝謝。

司儀：

謝謝，接下來我們請編號 11，社團法人台灣全國兒少安置機構聯盟進行報告。

社團法人台灣全國兒少安置機構聯盟：

台灣兒少安置機構聯盟針對委員向臺灣政府提出的問題清單，做出補充回應，

第一部分，我們針對替代性照顧點次 6.3 做出回應，事實上臺灣目前的替代性照

顧安排次序，其實已經結合多項的社福考核指標成為了規則，以目前臺灣受安

置兒少的複雜性需求，以及提供照顧的單位的服務量能來說，依據這樣子的規

則，不一定能夠促進兒少的最佳利益，同時安置順序也應該考量兒少的意願，

並且我們可以理解主流社會對於機構式照顧的擔憂，但事實上小規模照顧單位

也有軍事化教養可能，安置機構其實也可以發展出個別化照顧的可能性，那除

了照顧規模之外，更應該關注實質上的照顧模式，事實上目前許多的安置機構

也都已經是小家式的，Family Like 的照顧，在作息跟空間上，其實都跟過去傳

統式的集體式照顧不同。我們繼續針對替代性照顧點次 6.3 做出回應，委員關心

有關團體、家庭的服務定位，我們想要回應的是，實務上目前對於團體家庭的

服務定位與服務主體仍不明確，究竟團體家庭是服務特殊需求兒少為主，或者

是他同樣可以做為一般兒少的另一種安置的選擇，事實上即便是目前政策重點

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 所推動的團體家庭，仍然遭遇營運資源不足的狀況，包括經費、人力支持系統

不足的問題。我們接續針對替代性照顧點次 6.4 做出回應，我們認為國家應該要

明確揭示，去機構化的具體目標與工作期程，讓各級地方政府跟 NGO 預做準

備，但是在達到去機構化目標之前，其實臺灣安置機構仍然存在，仍然承接現

在臺灣絕大多數的安置兒少，所以我們主張為了確保兒少在現存的兒少安置機

構中，獲得有品質的照顧，如何從根本評估兒少的需要，尤其是照顧人力，包

括我們剛剛談到的照護比的部分，其實現行兒少安置機構當中，保育員、生活

輔導員的勞動處境，這也是在上一次國家審查會議委員很關注的，保育員及生

活輔導員的勞動處境，其實跟幼教師資的處境極為類似，那以我們的工作性質

其實更難招聘足夠且高品質的人力，那其實這個是非常需要國家關注的，那因

為這非常關乎我們整體的照顧品質，還有照顧經費、專業職能、照顧模式跟支

持體系，其實都是我們在達成去機構化目標之前仍然需要持續優化的工作，以

上報告。

司儀：

接下來我們請編號 12，社團法人台灣全國媽媽護家護兒聯盟，進行報告。

社團法人台灣全國媽媽護家護兒聯盟：

大家好，依據公約第 5 條，兒童權利公約應該是要協助解決問題，而不是製造親

子或世代之間的衝突，所以我們建議要培力兒童，不只是強調權利的展現之

外，也要讓孩童學習並且了解權利的責任，權利以及義務，還有培力家長學習

傾聽兒少的聲音，讓家長能夠傾聽、肯定、支持、陪伴、鼓勵知道孩子的重要

性，第二個在兒少健康權方面，心理方面國健署 2021 年的調查報告，25%國

中、高中生曾經認真地考慮自殺，那兒少自殺原因的統計，第一是家庭成員問

題，第二是憂鬱症或其他精神疾病的問題，以及網路手機成癮的問題也應該被

重視；在生理方面，學校課本性價值的教導仍然不夠完整，性健康只強調保險

套教育，這樣的教育所產生的問題就是，我們可以看到現在青少年男生女生，

他們性傳染病的上升以及少女因為過早的性行為，引發懷孕與墮胎等等的社會

及家庭問題，所以兒少的生理、心理健康以及兒虐的問題，其實都跟家庭環

境、家庭成員關係密不可分，學校和社會教育應該給予家庭系統更多的支持，

並且建議應該推動落實婚前教育的重要。家庭部分，第一、我們建議家庭教育

應該要融入學校各學程及學科，尤其是國中、高中必須幫助學生了解婚姻跟家

庭的價值。第二，應該要修《家庭教育法》13 條第 1 項，每學年的 4 小時課程應

該要落實，而且教育部應該定期檢核辦理情形，第二項，大專院校應該開設家

庭教育，列為必修科目而不是只是選修。在校園部分我們建議加強校園自殺防

治制度的建立，以及醫療資源的轉介，第二，健康與體育的課綱編列，應該要

納入兒童發展專家的意見作為依據，並且內容要符合適齡而且具有實證基礎的

內容。在網路的部分，我們對政府要求兒少的網路安全要管理，並且應該要訂

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 定罰則，而不是只交由民間團體呼籲推動媒體和業者自律，對業者防護的機制

應該要落實，包含提供家長守則，並且協助訂定親子手機使用的約定規範，提

供相關的防護軟體資訊，所以我們的結論是，兒少大部分問題其實都與家庭有

關，但我國家庭政策層級不足，也沒有專責單位，我們建議政府應該要重視家

庭的價值，並且建立家庭影響評估機制，這一段一直沒有建立起來，第二要設

立中央層級的專責單位，使各部會的法令、政策、規劃，需要有充足的預算執

行，並且協助增進家庭功能跟發展，這才符合 CRC 第 6 條的精神，盡最大可能

確保兒童的生存及發展，以及兒童最佳利益原則，謝謝。

司儀：

謝謝，接下來我們請編號 13，社團法人台灣婦少權益關懷協會，進行報告。

社團法人台灣婦少權益關懷協會：

各位委員，現場先進大家午安，這裡是社團法人台灣婦少權益關懷協會梁美慧報

告，在首次的國家審查報告當中，委員的結論性意見在 2017 年 11 月 22 號的時

候，在第 30 項次有提到，注意臺灣政府承認兒少的自殺率偏高以及自殺企圖，

建議政府要做出評估以及處理導致兒少的自殺原因，並且加強降低現行的兒少自

殺率，作為對未來努力的方向，可是我們看到 5 年過去了，在這一次的報告當

中，我們的摘要文件當中所提供的資料，在兒少非自然死亡的人數，在第 41 頁

的地方，2019 年至 2020 年 0 歲至 17 歲兒少青少年每十萬人口就有 52 人自殺，基

本上已經突破了首次國家報告衛福部統計處公布，在 2017 年每十萬人口 35 人的

數字了；在首次國家報告之後，我們在國內進行後續行動回應表的討論，我收到

紀錄的時間點是 2018 年 7 月 7 號，那在跨部會第二場的紀錄當中，對於這一個第

30 點項次，兒少青少年自殺的問題分析目標行動方案的短、中、長期全部都是空

白的，我要講的是 5 年過去了，在這一次的報告當中，我好像也沒有看到有相關

的內容，在這一部分的比較細部的說明，所以我要建議並再次的呼籲，第一個是

對於學校教師、家長、兒童、青少年，應該在長期且持續地情感跟情緒的教育來

促進心理健康的素質。第二個是對於青少年，政府應該做網路資訊分級以及品質

的管理，我想全世界都可以看到一個現象，現在的兒童青少年，透過 3C 產品在

網路上，可以輕易看到很多不利於身心發展的色情、暴力，以至於在呈現在這樣

一個網路生活的狀態中，他的情緒管控或者是跟人際之間的互動是需要學習的，

在家庭或者在學校情緒失控或者言語、肢體衝突的時候，他的暴力或者是他無法

管控的狀況，就會頻率增加，所以我們也建議政府應該加強青少年以及家長，在

人際關係的建立的，培養這一部分的知能促進。第三點是各縣市的教育中心，家

庭教育中心對於家庭發展推動的成效不佳，以至於譬如說像我們在政府機關的內

容上面，都看不到這個指標、問題方針跟行動方案，如果都沒有的話，那麼各縣

市他要怎麼去執行？所以我們再次呼籲，希望政府可以落實，在場的委員裡面，

5 位就有 4 位委員是前一次就有在現場，然後也建議政府做這樣的一個措施，但

是到目前為止我們並沒有看到落實，再次呼籲希望能夠落實這個行動方案，降低

我國兒童青少年因為生存發展的困難，正在持續流逝的生命，謝謝。

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司儀：

謝謝，接下來我們請編號 14，社團法人台灣懷孕婦女關懷協會，進行報告。

社團法人台灣懷孕婦女關懷協會：

我是代表台灣懷孕婦女關懷協會，目前的合意離婚程序並沒有辦法保護孩童的

最佳利益，也沒有考量他們的聲音跟意見，2019 年臺灣的離婚率是世界第 5 高，

過去 20 年有 280 萬人結婚，但是有 130 萬對離婚，高達 40%的離婚率，平均來

講大概每 1.5 萬就有 7 千對夫妻離婚，這也造成了許多這個離婚的人口，從 86 萬

5 千人增加到 190 萬人，換句話說從 2002 年到現在，已經有大幅的離婚人口增

加，那麼大概有 15%的這些兒少是有父母離婚的這個問題，因此單親家庭功能

不彰也產生很多兒少犯罪的問題，大概有 4 成的單親家庭需要社會福利的支持，

除此之外，有 85%離婚是合意離婚，那麼另外 15%是透過訴訟，合意離婚的程

序只要雙方簽字，有兩個見證人簽名，同時在戶政事務所登記就可以完成，離

婚就立刻生效，換句話說 10 分鐘就可以完成這樣的程序，但是合意離婚並沒有

一個機制來確認雙方的權利跟義務，能夠獲得公平的處理，也沒有保護他們子

女的最佳利益，所以我們提議的解決方案就是，應該要有一個所謂的緩衝期，

譬如說先分居一段時間，同時也要去接受一些輔導諮商，幫助子女確保他們權

益，以分居來說，很多的國家要求這些夫妻可能要分居幾個月或幾年的時間，

像是德國、澳洲、法國、新加坡、香港都有類似的做法。

司儀：

接下來我們請編號 15，社團法人全國家長團體聯盟進行報告。

社團法人全國家長團體聯盟：

委員、各位先進大家好，全國家長團體聯盟報告，我們應該有提供 Word 檔，那

如果沒有 Show 出來的話那我就直接做報告，我們的報告針對兩個點，第一個是

由於新冠疫情，國中生跟高中生學習狀況下降的問題，那我們用會考跟學測做了

一個分析，在針對國中生的部分，國三生會考中文跟英文，以 2020 年、2021 還

有 2022 相比， C 級的成績 2021 年、2022 年是增加的，但是相較於 2018 年、2019

年是下降的，所以看起來並沒有明顯的造成問題，但是在數學部分看起來，2021

年跟 2022 年比之前反而還要好，所以目前以這個數據分析的話，因疫情停課對

國中生的學習影響好像是比較小；但是以學測分析來說，高三生的部分不管是英

文還是中文，在 2021 年、2022 年低於 6級分的狀況都是增加的，尤其數學在 2020

年低於 6 級分是 32.54%，但是到了 2021 年上升到 55.17%，這比例上升非常地

高，雖然後來 2022 年數學還分成數 A 與數 B，但一樣在數 B 還是有 42.59%的學

生是低於 6 級分，很顯然疫情停課的問題造成高中端部分學習落後非常地嚴重。

再來是第二個問題，代理教師不足的部分，在偏鄉尤其嚴重，大概 1 個月前就有

臺北市長的候選人，提出臺北市目前國中國小的代理教師比例達到 14%，那這在

100

 偏鄉部分我相信絕對是更為嚴重，甚至在屏東教育處的統計，在今年 8 月還有學

校，還有 5 所國中連代理教師都找不到，都招收不足，我想對學生受教權的影響

非常嚴重，針對以上兩個問題，全國家長團體聯盟建議，第一個應該在恢復實體

課程之後，在補救教學應該做加強，另外應該追蹤疫情減緩之後，包括國中小跟

高中生在校成績、會考、學測成績狀況，作為補救教學的依據，另外在偏鄉其實

這個我覺得不只是在偏鄉，目前看起來所有縣市的代理教師的狀況那個嚴重度，

對於學生的受教權有非常嚴重的影響，應該做追蹤還有政策方面的改變，以上報

告，謝謝。

司儀：

謝謝，接下來我們請編號 16，社團法人國際兒少人權促進會進行報告。

社團法人國際兒少人權促進會：

各位先進大家好，以下是報告，我們發現近年來兒童性侵害案件居高不下，逐

年增加影響兒少，根據衛福部統計我國性侵害案件增加，以 12 歲至 18 歲最多，

超過被害者總人數的 5 成，18 歲以下的受害者占總人數 65%，此外嫌疑人最多

的年齡是 12 歲至未滿 18 歲者，每 4 名性侵的嫌疑人就有一個是 12 歲至 18 歲的

青少年，我國性別主流化的政策超過 20 年，性別平等教育實行超過 15 年，性侵

害人數居高不下逐年增加，可見性別主流化政策的偏頗及失敗，性別平等教育

內容也有重大缺失，不足以幫助兒少維護身體自主權，無法提升兒少自我保護

知識技能，也無法提升青少年尊重他人身體自主權，加上媒體色情氾濫，政府

對於網路卻沒有管制，以至於兒童任意接觸媒體網路，獲得大量不適齡的性解

放資訊，輕乎身體界線且模仿不當的性行為。我們具體的建議如下，一、行政

院應檢討性別主流化的偏頗以及缺失，提出性侵害案件過高且逐年增加的因應

對策，明確列出各權責機關的因應方案，第二點，教育部應深刻檢討性別平等

教育的內容偏頗，以及教學方法中的缺失，應該更加重視教導身體界線，及自

我保護身體的方法的教育，並要更加強性侵害防治教育，以確保每位學生都能

學習到確實的性侵害防治教育，第三點，媒體色情的資訊過度氾濫問題，需要

檢討 iWIN 的實施成效，第四點，對於網路媒體節目應加強強制分級標示，幫助

兒童跟家長辨識適齡的節目，第五點，應該加強兒童媒體識讀教育，建立健康

媒體文化使兒童可以有正確的判斷與選擇。那我們今天也很開心有兩位兒少在

我們當中，他們這次也提交問題清單平行回復，我們小四的葉同學提到，希望

最親近的同學及家人都可以學習兒童權利公約，多聽聽他說話，可以更多落實

表意權，他更在意家庭及同學多於其他的機構的幫助，更加希望制定法律的我

們這些大人以及各位公部門，可以自己能夠先做到再制定法律來管束兒童，也

希望各種兒童權利公約的內容者可以確實以孩子的立場出發，另外我們高一啟

聰學校的黃同學發現，我國首都臺北市的餐飲學系只有私立並沒有公立的高

職，期待有所改善，感謝有此次會議機會，讓提供意見的兩位兒少都可以在今

天現場中，知道有許多大人在意他們的意見，以上感謝各位的聆聽，謝謝。

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司儀：

謝謝報告，那在這邊我們提醒我們各位發言人，請大家稍後務必掌握一下我們

報告的時間，因我們上午的會議已經超時了，接下來，我們要請編號 17 號，社

團法人復生食物銀行全人關懷協會，進行報告。

社團法人復生食物銀行全人關懷協會：

1. 主席好、委員還有各位先進大家好，我們協會有兩個人報告，其中有一個兒

少代表，我是全人關懷協會理事長張其嵩，我們關心媒體對兒少的影響，舉

例國家電視台公共電視播出公視主題之夜秀的節目，邀請 BDSM 還有娼妓合

法、開放性的關係的倡議者，在節目中談論並美化不利兒少身心發展的

BDSM，開放性關係的話題，節目內容傳遞錯誤的性病防治資訊，違反兒少

的健康權利，不利於兒少的性病防治；公共電視播出同婚下一步，同志夫夫

求子之路節目中未保持中立，花了大部分時間支持代理孕母的觀念，而反方

的觀念卻完全被忽略，違反了中立原則，代理孕母在醫學跟倫理方面爭議不

斷，除了影響孕母及胎兒的健康，也造成剝削女性影響孕母家庭的問題，代

孕完全忽略了兒童發展權利的負面影響，這觀點應該要被公平地來呈現，具

體建議公視應該立刻撤除網路的該影片。第二點，公視違反的部分，NCC 應

該適當的裁罰，公視應該要建立監督審查核的機制，以確保節目的內容符合

兒少健康發展，然後針對爭議性的節目應該有公正、正反雙方或多方的觀點

以避免特定的意識形態宣導，公共電視應該懲處撤換製做的相關單位及督導

人員，未來製作教育相關影片的製作單位，應該要納入兒少身心發展的專業

背景人員作為諮詢委員，以上。

2. 委員們好，我是復生協會兒少代表，我想建議如果國家願意花錢在兒童的家

庭裡面，除了教導尊重與權利以外，還要很多培養親子關係的時間以及機會，

讓每個家庭都充滿活力，讓家人可以經常在一起，每個小孩心裡都會有靠山，

內心強大既又勇敢，就能保護自己也願意關心其他人，在學校我們需要學習

可以感到幸福的課程，有愛的課程，有珍惜生命的課程，有學習選擇的課程

及了解該負擔什麼責任的課程，自然就能減少校園霸凌，希望國家給學生們

加強培養勇敢、正直的價值觀，人人都可以成為守護者，包括我也能為自己

勇敢發聲，除了請政府嚴加把關對網路資訊做好分級以及宣導以外，希望學

校教育能多多幫忙及輔助正在青春的我們，培養正直及富有品德最直接可以

使學生產生同理心，讓我們具備溫暖體諒關懷別人的人格特質，以及減少各

種形式的霸凌，謝謝大家。

司儀：

謝謝，接下來我們請編號 19 號，財團法人台灣兒童暨家庭扶助基金會，進行報

告。

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財團法人台灣兒童暨家庭扶助基金會：

各位委員和在場先進大家好，財團法人台灣兒童暨家庭扶助基金會提出九項議

題回應，議題一，有關兒少死因回溯分析制度，我國法規的死因檢視僅針對 6 歲

以下兒童，政策多為檢視著重預防宣導，政府數據有關嬰兒跟新生兒死亡率仍

高，然後除了事故傷害，12 歲至 17 歲孩子自殺率也逐年升高，我們主張我國兒

少死因的檢視應該擴及 18 歲以下的兒少，死因檢視涉及多部會，除了立法之

外，也應建立健全之兒少死亡檢視的制度。議題二，有關兒少心理健康，我們

觀察到兒少自殺率升高，兒少心理健康跟自殺分析數據粗略不足，應該細緻分

析調整有關於防治的策略，建議投入預算發展兒少初級心理健康保健；此外，

兒少使用政府建置的資源比例低，應檢視現有的心理健康服務的兒少使用情形

跟成效，也應該納入兒少的意見，確保服務可以被兒少親近使用；另外要保障

兒少心理健康的醫療自主權，除了立法保障之外，也應該要進行宣導。議題

三，有關兒少數位性暴力，相關業務分屬不同主管機關，未能有效整合性的政

策規劃，國家法令散亂且以殘補式的思維做修法，我們主張國家法令規範應該

對此議題有明確規範跟定義，需建立並落實被害人積極保護的政策。議題四，

有關教師對學生不當體罰，教師體罰逐年升高，政府應該檢視然後調整策略，

教師體罰應該予以懲戒，通報實際懲處跟結果應該做一些檢視；有關兒權意識

方面，我們發現體罰通報以年幼兒童居多，部分兒童隱忍到畢業才做申訴，兒

權意識跟申訴機制應該有待增強。議題五，替代性照顧部分缺乏整體替代性照

顧政策，安置類型歸屬不同中央權責機構，政府應該進行整合，也缺乏照顧品

質的具體指標檢視安置品質，親屬安置比例提升有限，缺乏具體服務架構跟安

置審查的機制，相關數據分析跟困境應該有一些因應策略說明；自行委託機構

安置缺乏相關的輔導返家機制；機構安置的特殊兒少議題，缺乏相關數據分析

跟需求因應的策略，兒少申訴管道應做一個建置的說明。議題六，未成年青少

女懷孕，政府數據掌握不足，懷孕、產檢、生產、人工流產的數據未能夠掌

握，應該檢視相關的政策計畫是否有做回應；有關兒童受教權的維護，高中生

懷孕有兩成 5 到 3 成是輟學、休學，相關介入輔導策略跟成效應做說明；有關求

助跟輔導介入服務的使用性跟成效評估，也應該調整一些策略。議題七，有關

學校資源，在偏鄉兒少學習資源不足，相關的補助跟資源分配是否已經涵蓋偏

鄉兒少的實際需求，需有一些數據做說明與檢視，若是兒少數位設備不足將影

響受教權，家扶基金會全國弱勢兒少數據調查，發現城鄉數位落差設備跟網路

穩定不足，還有城鄉的數位資源存在落差，使用的方式跟資訊的落差也會影響

兒少的學習品質與成效，我們建議政府應該有數位學習使用率跟執行成效的數

據以利檢視，也應該有數位素養列入教育政策，提升兒少有關於數位資訊辨識

還有資訊搜尋的能力。議題八，兒少性侵害的部分，我們觀察到兒少性侵害，

被害人占整體國家性侵多數，逐年有升高的趨勢，我們建議應該定期發表全國

性的兒少性侵害數據研究，檢視兒少受到性侵害的程度跟制度建置的成效，保

護兒少司法程序的作證之設計使用率不足、成效不明，我們建議應該檢討跟修

103

 正兒少性侵害司法程序以及相關人員制度跟培訓，兒少主動求助自行使用求助

的管道比例偏低，那我們建議…，謝謝。

司儀：

謝謝，接下來請編號 20，高雄市家長協會進行報告。

高雄市家長協會：

委員們好，這是來自高雄市家長協會的報告，教育部性別平等教育師資人才庫

部分的講師，及教學理念或舉辦的演講內容，嚴重違反性別平等教育的價值及

爭議，並且對於愛滋防治有嚴重不良影響，這些師資及團體主張未成年兒少性

解放，以及對其特殊性行為或毒品保持開放且鼓吹的立場，法官判決書都有詳

細列這些團體的網站，包括約炮、戀童癖、用愛性藥、娛樂性用藥、派對用

藥、開放式關係及多重伴侶、BDSM皮繩性虐等等嚴重誤導並危害兒少的健康，

家長擔心掛著教育部的性平講師名牌入校宣導，兒少會被誘導認同，進而危害

兒少之健康身心發展，我們建議教育部應該以性教育、衛生教育、健康教育、

情感教育、大腦科學及認知發展等專業為核心，主編及其編輯群應經公正公開

之遴選制度聘任，教育部對於性別平等教師延攬推薦，應訂定教育理念審核標

準，不應讓性別平等師資人才庫成為校園教育潛在的危害，謝謝，本會有兒少

發言。

委員們好、大家好，我是高雄市家長協會兒少代表，我們學生在學校常常學到

的是尊重及人權教育，但雖然尊重與人權教育也可以變成這樣，我當時明明覺

得不太好，但我選擇不要說出實話任他人自由展現，冷眼看待他根本就往錯的

方向發展，這是尊重到過頭了，例如臺灣發生一堆年輕人跑去柬埔寨，貪心的

想要快速變成富翁卻被無道德之人兇殘殺害，好多家庭都破碎了，為了符合

CRC 點次 1.4 及 5.1，保護兒少免受暴力及有害作法的侵害，政府強化社會安全

網最根本的解決方法就是每個人都成為安全守護的網點，建議我們教育當局從

小學開始就應該恢復品德教育課程時數，品德教育要當作學校教育的重點課

程，讓兒少們從小能自己自動地避開危險、暴力，分辨對錯、遠離陷阱，另外

還有我們國中階段，因為很快準備要考高中，課程緊湊但真的教不完，我希望

政府可以把一些跟升學不太相關的課程放到國小高年級，畢竟多數的國小生不

需要考國中，課業的壓力也比國中生輕鬆很多，為了落實 CRC 點次 8.4 建議，維

持正常作息最好的方式就是授課部分分流，希望國中的學校課程有些能提供選

修，像是高中一樣都有升學班和普通班，讓我們自己選擇要實務型或是偏於學

理型，不見得每一個人都要念頂大才是優秀，社會上需要…，謝謝聆聽。

司儀：

謝謝，不好意思，我們時間到了，謝謝，那接下來我們請編號 21，國教行動聯

盟進行發言。

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國教行動聯盟：

委員大家好，首先關於第 6 個 NGOs 全國家長會長聯盟所說的新型菸品危害兒

童，我們聯盟也要呼籲要全面禁止，政府自己的單位跟老師、校長、家長都極力

禁止的事情，政府自己 15 年來看見卻沒有去做，連修法都沒有修法，這件事情

我們認為有點誇張了，第二個我們要說的是臺灣教育課綱的亂象，2019 年開始，

3 年來臺灣進行教育的大改革，兒少與我們的家長的報告，就是 108 課綱觀察報

告的結果是一致的，第一個亂象當中是考試的制度跟學習歷程雙軌制度的並行，

對於學生而言這就相當於兩種考試，原本學生是自然地在探索找到自己的方向卻

變成資源的戰爭、軍備競賽，城鄉差距資源加速擴大，各地方的補習班、網路甚

至大學營隊，都用最吸引人的方式來協助有資源的家庭做成完美的學習歷程檔

案，第二個，學生的壓力因著雙軌的制度，造成什麼都要準備，惡性循環的結果

之下產生很多 M 型化的學生，特別不擅長表達的或者弱勢家庭的身心障礙者看到

那個嚴重的邊緣化，自己周遭就有很多這樣的小孩選擇休學而躲起來，因為沒有

足夠的老師給予好好的對話跟輔導，我們強烈呼籲，第一個增加課程諮詢教師並

強化其功能，特別在專業的部分生涯，或是剛才委員提到的職涯發展部分的輔

導，幫助學生施測並勤做解釋，讓學生能完成學習歷程檔案和協助他的發展方

向，第二點，學習輔導跟適性的探索我們呼籲一定要從小學持續到高中開始，以

上是報告，謝謝。

司儀：

謝謝，我們接下來請編號 22，國際發光中華民國分會進行報告。

國際發光中華民國分會：

好、各位委員好，代表國際發光中華民國分會報告，首先報告青少年性病，根

據疾管署資料，從前 3 年青少年 10 歲至 19 歲青少年的淋病成長了 2.6 倍，然後

梅毒的感染人數也沒有見到改善，只有 HIV 愛滋病毒因為近幾年大力地宣導愛

滋防治、篩檢以及治療以及 PrEP 的推動，才有顯著地下降；另外，我們從年齡

來看，15 歲至 24 歲的年輕人當中，去年有 245 人感染 HIV 占了全年度接近

20%，有 2,505 人感染淋病，占了全年三分之一，這是很嚴重的青年健康問題，

在青少年的性病案例當中 80%以上都是男性，特別是 HIV 有 98%都是男性，疾

管署報告裡面，去年 HIV 的傳染途徑有 84%透過男男之間不安全性行為，那男

孩到底是經歷了甚麼？原來是網路上有太多社群媒體還有約會軟體，他們做了

許多不當性知識傳播譬如說約炮、多 P，然後這些軟體還有可能帶來除了性病愛

滋傳染之外，還有可能帶來人口販運以及毒品的使用以及性侵，我們希望可以

做提醒跟管制還有分級；淋病的公共衛生方面的話，女性若是未經治療有可能

導致多種生育疾病、包括不孕，抗藥性淋病越來越嚴重，讓淋病越來越難治

療，因此現在需要更多的青少年的性病預防、檢測還有性教育，因此本協會的

建議是每年都要發布青少年的性病監測年報，必須包括傳染途徑，跟 CDC、

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 ECDC 相同的等級，然後包括性別、年齡、感染途徑，然後還有在教科書當中應

該強調正確的性教育，也就是保險套不是萬能，完全避免性病的唯一方法就是

不要發生，那還有網路上的錯誤訊息希望能夠加上警語特別是針對青少年，接

下來是兒少...

司儀：

謝謝，接下來我們要請下一個報告單位，我們請新北市愛芽護兒協會進行報告。

新北市愛芽護兒協會：

我代表新北市愛芽護兒協會發言，臺灣人覺得毒品濫用是一個非常重要的社會

問題，很多相關的犯罪都跟用毒有關，我們可以看到成人青少年等等，那青少

年跟兒童受到的傷害最大，因為在 25 歲以下的這些年輕人還正在發展當中，所

以在 25 歲以下的毒品使用有可能會對他們的腦部造成永久性的傷害，根據教育

部所提供的統計數字，使用毒品的學生從 2012 年到 2021 年是有所下降的，但是

販售或運送毒品的兒少數目卻在上升，從 91 案上升到 170 案左右，我們覺得有

一些藥頭會去誘惑兒少進行販售行為，像是大麻的使用在臺灣成長非常快速，

大麻的使用者會倡議說大麻的使用應該要除罪化，然而統計數字顯示很難預防

兒少使用大麻，如果大麻合法化的話會很難預防兒少使用，在加州、加拿大還

有美國科羅拉多州都看到這樣的數據，以下為我們特定的建議，首先根據《毒

品防制法》大麻被視為是二類毒品，它的販售不應該合法，第二，執法單位應

該要想盡辦法預防成人誘惑兒少進行毒品的販售或運送，第三點我們必須要修

改《毒品防制法》，像是醫護人員、社工、學校的老師和警察人員等等，應該要

有法定上的義務通報兒少使用毒品的狀況，以上。

司儀：

民間團體都已經報告完畢。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

非常感謝各位所提供的資訊，真的是多到，我們真的聽了好多好多的資訊，真

的要吃飯才行了，那麼祝大家用餐愉快，我們下午還會再見面，而且到時候我

們有很多的問題要跟各位請教，我們下午兩點再回來，謝謝。

司儀：

謝謝各位參與上午的會議，我們在四樓的貴賓廳會為各位準備午餐餐盒，請攜

帶您的餐券搭乘電梯或手扶梯到四樓貴賓廳，領取餐盒以及用餐，我們現在開始

進行主會場的清場跟換場的作業，所以請各位攜帶您的隨身物品以及歸還口譯

設備，不要遺留任何的物品在本會場，謝謝。下午的會議階段將在兩點的時候

繼續進行，請各位記得要在兩點以前完成您的報到手續謝謝。

106

 Meeting Transcript

Emcee:

Welcome back to the session between IRC and NGOs. This session is 80 minutes. We

will ask NGOs to make presentations. You have three or six minutes to make the

presentations and one minute and three minutes before your time is up, we will remind

you. Later on, the emcees will call the name of the NGOs and we ask the representative

to remain seated. When it’s your time to make the presentations, please raise your hand

and our staff will hand you the microphone and the pointer. You can remain at your seat

when you make the presentations. Again, simultaneous interpreting is provided

throughout the session. In order for the interpreters to hear you clearly, we request you

to pay attention to your speed. Please use reasonable speed to speak. Professor Jakob,

you have the floor.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

This is apparently an important session. Let me at least, for those who are not aware of

it, that we have received extensive information from a wide variety of NGOs. The

interesting part of that experience is what we have in other countries as well that there

are quite a number of existing NGOs who started to include in their activities children’s

rights. They didn’t start as a children’s rights organization, but they were aware of the

importance of children’s rights and they included them in their activities. So we’ve very

much appreciated all the input from the NGOs and we will listen to the presentations

this morning, but we will have a full discussion with questions and answers in the

afternoon. I don’t know the order of the presentations is, but I leave that to the person

who is fully in charge of the part of this happening.

Emcee:

Thank you. First, to the Chinese Taipei Flying Disc Association we will hand you the

microphone. Thank you. Please start.

Chinese Taipei Flying Disc Association:

1. Hi. I’m from the Chinese Taipei Flying Disc Association. We care about all kinds of

sports. Our topic is transgender athletes. Which groups of games that they join could

affect female athletes? Starting from 2023 High School National Sports, transgender

athletes can join the games. However, in foreign countries, transgender athletes

without the removal of their organs said if he was a male before and joined a female

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 group of games and break many records, won a lot of championships. And many

female athletes were very discouraged by that. If that’s the case, I think one of the

athletes said that, then what’s the point of having female athletes? Is it fair for female

athletes? Female athletes may be marginalized and this reality does affect the future

career of female athletes. In the sports dedicated class in schools there will be no

more female students because it is very unfair. And in a volleyball game, a

transgender athlete during the game hurt another female athlete, her neck, her eyes

were all broken so that’s a recent, a recent case. I would like to end here. Thank you.

2. Hello. I want to talk about the health of children. I am a third-year student in senior

high school. I want the government to save us because vapes are now prevalent.

Many students in high school, in junior high school start to vape. They smoke the

vape, we can smell the smell and we don’t want to be a snitch. Usually, we don’t tell

the teachers. And due to school rules teachers are not allowed to check students’

belongings and it’s really easy to sell and buy, you can use Shopee, an ecommerce

website to buy vape very easily. I want the government to do something about it in

order to protect our health. Thank you.

Emcee:

Now, R.O.C. Association of HIV/AIDS and Child Care & Taiwan Association of

Gender/Sexuality Rights Protection, please raise your hand, you now have the

microphone please.

R.O.C. Association of HIV/AIDS and Child Care & Taiwan Association of

Gender/Sexuality Rights Protection:

I want to focus on sexual health of children. Sexually transmitted diseases among

adolescents remain on the rise. For example, gonorrhea cases doubled within three years.

We found several key problems, the statistics of syphilis and gonorrhea are not analyzed

by transmission category. So it’s impossible to make effective prevention strategies for

high-risk groups. Second, Chlamydia which affects young people especially girls and

can lead to infertility. It’s not in the statistics. Third, health education is not fully

implemented. 72% of health education courses were taught by teachers without

professional training. We suggest that STDs （Sexually Transmitted Diseases）

statistics should be analyzed by transmission category and include chlamydia. Train

more professional teachers and build up a system of itinerant teachers qualified in health

sexuality education to serve for different schools and provide sufficient scientific base,

age-appropriate knowledge by good sexuality education textbooks.

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 The second issue is terminology definition. The government uses the same terminology

to translate and indicate quite different concepts that cause confusion and controversy.

For example, ”性別” means sex on the passport and the ID card. However, it becomes

gender in another document. The term ”多元性別” sometimes means gender diversity

and sometimes means LGBT. It’s confusing. And the term ”平等” sometimes means

equity and in another law it means equality. Actually, the CEDAW IRC has pointed out

this problem and gives the government some suggestions. However, the government

doesn’t want to correct mistakes and simply has a list of translations. Our suggestion is

that the government should have public meetings to discuss the definitions and

translations and clearly define the terminology in all legislations or documents and the

government should make sure that all the terminology in the legislation or documents

are consistent. Thank you very much.

Emcee:

Next, Taiwan NGOs for CRC.

Taiwan NGOs for CRC:

IRC members, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen, I am from the Children’s

Welfare Foundation League and my colleague from ECPAT Taiwan we’ll together make

the presentation. Our report is written by 13 NGOs and I will talk about general

principles and the general population of children and children with special needs. First

of all, the general principles, there is an issue regarding whether or not there should be

a central dedicated agency for children’s rights so that they can help coordinate the work.

I think NHRC has some challenges. I would not talk about that issue or the details but

we propose you have a dedicated children’s institution. And about to listen and to

respond to children’s opinions, we observe that in the judicial processes or some of the

children’s representatives find it challenging to be heard because the environment isn’t

friendly to them. So on campus and family, in schools, adults need to use diversified

ways and friendly ways to listen to the children and give it back to them. And the next

thing is about eliminate discrimination. Many children have experience of

discrimination. We, and especially children who enjoy some social benefits, we want the

government to eliminate such negative impressions brought about by social welfare and

there require to be operational guidelines, there should be a third party complaint

mechanism for schools. The next thing is corporal punishments. Children are subject to

corporal punishment quite commonly in daycare, in kindergarten, in placement

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 institutions, it is very, quite common. We suggest that the government create a legislation

to ban all kinds of corporal punishments. As for sexual health, and birth education health,

there is an increasing percentage of children who have sex and there is a gap between

teenager girls who are pregnant in rural areas and in urban areas. So there should be

more trained teachers in terms of sex education. And mental and physical health is a

priority. We need to add a standard to air pollution to create indoor air pollution

monitoring devices in school. And there should be measures to help children understand

their emotions, regulate their emotions and to reduce suicide rates.

We need more measures to prevent children from sexual exploitation, OPSC should be

domesticated as early as possible and there should be a prevention act to prevent online

grooming. There should be a dedicated agency for sexual exploitation of children and

help teachers and other trainers to have more understanding on how to deal with self-

generated sexual images by children. And for children who have witnessed violence we

think social workers need to evaluate the safety and the needs of witness children and to

help them find proper resources. Judicial personnel should be more sensitive to witness

children especially when they address custody cases. And children who are in

placements should be protected, that we should help them to return home, help them

become independent, and recover from trauma. In all kinds of decision making,

children’s thoughts and opinions need to be included in order to mitigate the harm

brought about by a placement or a transfer. Second, to integrate kinship care and family

foster or foster family, the government should provide more supportive services for

families who are willing to provide these kinds of services. And improve the education

quality for children who have special needs. For example, there is a gap between urban

and rural areas in terms of the quality of teachers and there should be a professional team

that can be friendly to children. The government needs to review the judicial system

from the perspective of the children and work with the NPOs, the society to prevent

children from using drugs and improve parenting education as well. This concludes the

presentation of our alliance. Thank you.

Emcee:

Next, Taiwan Parents Protect Women and Children Association, please.

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Taiwan Parents Protect Women and Children Association:

Distinguished members of the IRC, distinguished guests, good morning. What I would

like to say is regrettably, the Implementation Act of the CRC has been enforced for eight

years in Taiwan. However, in public libraries, there are many books which are not

suitable for children to read, and there is no restricted access to those books. As a result,

the rights of children have been violated. So I have a few recommendations. First, we

support freedom of speech in a democracy, but when it comes to the age rating for

publications for print works, we must not loosen regulations. In addition, in a public

library, we must make sure that certain content of books may not be suitable to be

displayed in the public area for everyone to access and read. In addition, maybe we need

to have a dedicated area for certain books that have unsuitable contents for children. In

fact, I have a few examples that I can show you but because we have children in this

room so I will not show them in public, but I will present to you later. Thank you.

Emcee:

Next. Number 5, Taiwan Love Children Association.

Taiwan Love Children Association:

Dear IRC members and dear friends, this is our presentation. First of all, family support.

What’s the best time for high school students to go to school in order to ensure the best

interest of them? While we found that in 2021 public policy online participatory

platforms, two groups conducted a survey on adjustment of school hours to 9:30 in the

morning to 5 p.m. So Taiwan Youth for Democracy Association and National Alliance

of Parent Groups conducted these two surveys. It seems that both groups want to protect

children’s rights, but parents tend to think that CRC is used as a challenge, while to

challenge adult’s authority. So we need to think about whether or not adults are really

listening to children. Children in fact are trying to express their pressure when they

become teenagers but of course parents also have pressure when they have teenage

children in the family. So parenting really needs to change. Parents need to be

understood, need to be guided so we suggest that the teenage stage is a very important

developmental stage, we should encourage teenagers to develop their own lives, they

should participate and there should be permanent classes for the parents to help them

better communicate with their children. The government can ask private organizations

to organize such training and encourage companies to provide such training to their

employees. Second, I want to talk about bilingual policy. Oh, the fifth slide shows that

111

 we organized online parenting training and it has received really great feedback. Okay,

slide 6. Currently, students do not have enough Chinese proficiency. The 2019

Curriculum emphasizes diversity and literacy but exam questions are very long. It is

difficult to understand the questions. At this stage if you want the students to be bilingual,

if we don’t have supplemental measures, they won’t be able to learn Chinese or foreign

language well. So we should respect their right to development and encourage them to

nourish their talent and interests so we suggest that education really requires long-term

planning. Without supplementary measures, any policy shouldn’t be just launched. So

we think creating a home environment is the best way for children to learn their mother-

tongue and we will never give up on any children, so we will never give up. Thank you

very much.

Emcee:

Next, NAPPA National Alliance of Presidents of Parents Associations, please.

National Alliance of Presidents of Parents Association:

1. So we will have four minutes because another alliance is going to give us one of their

minutes so we are going to have four minutes focusing on two subjects. The first one

is inadequate promotion of the basic ideas of CRC has resulted in a lot of corporal

punishments in schools. For example, there are many news reports about corporal

punishments in schools where the students have been criticized, the parents have been

criticized while the teacher has been praised for being a quality teacher. And also

there are many parents who disregard their children’s safety by riding a scooter with

two kids on the scooter. So it seems that we don’t have enough promotion on the

protection of children’s rights. As a result, many often we find the life of our children

is threatened. For example, over 8,000 children die each year in car accidents. It

seems that many schools are not so attentive to the training of CRC. For example, on

some government websites it shows that over 90% of the teachers have attended such

training on CRC, but if you talk to those teachers it seems that only 50% of them

know anything about CRC. In other words, there’s very low competence amongst

school teachers about CRC. Not to mention there are many regulations at the local

government level that are in violation of the CRC. For example, there are some

Mainland Chinese students coming to Taiwan and they are not allowed to attend local

schools as transient students and I think this is definitely a discrimination against

those students and again, a violation of the CRC. I think the government needs to

amend relevant laws to stay in compliance with the CRC. Thank you.

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 2. So good morning. I’m Huang Zheng-Ming, speaking on behalf of the NAPPA. I will

focus my talk on e-vapor. I think that the government has been negligent in the

protection of our children’s health. According to the health promotion

administration’s statistics, in fact 230,000 middle school students and 560,000 high

school students have been using so-called emerging tobacco products. And here we

can see the poster. One school teacher asks her students to hand out all the e-vapors

they have, and you see there are lots of them and many of the students actually share

such tobacco products. We know how such products can damage and harm the health

of our young people. For example, some people may think that e-vapors are not

cigarettes, however, they can result in life-long damage to the body and the brain. I

believe that there are many organizations, civil rights organizations have been calling

upon the government to have a complete ban on such products. Yet, over the past 15

and half years, the Tobacco Hazards Prevention Act has never been amended.

Therefore, we call upon the government to impose a ban on all emerging nicotine

and tobacco products. And of course, the Legislative Yuan must amend the Tobacco

Hazards Prevention Act as soon as possible. Thank you.

Emcee:

Thank you. Number 7, CRC Watch. Also just to remind you that when you speak, please

pay attention to your speed. Please use reasonable speed so that simultaneous

interpreting can be provided. Thank you.

CRC Watch:

Dear IRC members, hello. Before I start, I want to say that this is probably the only time

for NGOs to talk to IRC to interact with IRC and it is a pity that in following sessions

and during the government sessions, NGOs need to go to a different room, but in the

future we hope that we can stay in the government sessions so that we can also share our

ideas. Okay. I will start my presentation now.

Can you go back to the previous slide? Okay. On the legal dimension, I think if the law

is not right then everything that follows it will be wrong. In the paragraph 57 of the

Concluding Observations, it is suggested that corporal punishments in home and in

public schools and private schools should be banned. But in our Civil Code, paragraph

1085 it is stipulated that there is disciplinary authority. I think this should be removed

and it seems that parents think that they can hit the buttocks or some areas of children’s

body as a way to exercise their disciplinary authority. This is an outdated piece of

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legislation. Now with a really low birth rate we need to eliminate any causes that may

harm children. And 30% of the causes of death of children can be prevented in fact. So

in 2019, the Children and Youths Act was amended so the COD （Cause of Death）

analysis started. But it seems that it is still in the pilot program. Even the capital city,

Taipei City has not joined this program. If people don’t implement the law, the law is

nothing. So the analysis should cover not only children who are under six years old, it

should cover children who die in traffic accidents. So we also see there’s an increase

number of children who committed suicide.

Second, on the administrative aspect or dimension, yes, the increase for children is seen

year by year, but it’s imbalanced. Most of it is put on education. The budget should also

be allocated on welfare, protection, health and development however, these segments

only take 25% of the budget. And there is an insufficient system to support caregivers

for children. So it really takes more resources for caregivers. Especially caregivers for

children who have special needs, they need a better support network which we don’t

have right now. And also when a child is placed he or she still needs to go to school to

study. But it seems that it’s very problematic and very challenging. Sometimes NGOs

need to do a lot just to make it possible for a placed child to be admitted in a school. It

seems that the most burden is being borne by NGOs. This is unreasonable. And after the

first state report of CRC, the government has not yet been able to propose the first

children-based budget. We don’t have a lot of five years. We need more resources for

children.

Next, the first line dimension, yes, CRC is being promoted but is it really useful to people

who work on children’s issues other than CRC? Because if they do there wouldn’t so

many cases of sexual abuse or sexual harassment in school or within home. So there are

different laws in Taiwan regarding education and regarding preschool teachers. There

are so many laws however, after an incident happens, is it being dealt with in a fair

manner? Especially when something happens on campus, it is very difficult for children

to file a complaint. And many of the decision makers are teachers. So where’s the rights

of the children? If the perpetrator and the people who address the complaints are the

same people, it does not guarantee the rights of the children. Five years have passed and

the children’s rights in Taiwan are still in their infancy stage. Next week we are going to

vote on the voting rights of children who have reached 18 years old. Does that mean that

children have to wait until they are 18 years old before all of their rights can be protected?

Children’s committees or meetings regarding children’s affairs do they really expect the

opinions of children? I think there’s a lot of work to be done. Thank you.

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Emcee:

Next, Covenants Watch. Please.

Covenants Watch & Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty & Taiwan Education

Association:

1. Covenants Watch:

The next six minutes will be shared by Covenants Watch, Taiwan Alliance to End Death

Penalty and Taiwan Education Association. First of all, in response to the question the

IRC raised to the NHRC, well, I think many people, including children are not familiar

with the NHRC and we know that the NHRC commissioners are also members of the

Control Yuan. It seems that these Commissioners are more interested in fulfilling their

duties as the members of the Control Yuan rather than as defenders of human rights.

Even though the NHRC does not yet have the legal bases for their exercise of power,

there are many things they can do. It’s been two years since their establishment. The

Commission still does not have a systematic approach to carry out their work and I think

that is why the NHRC is not so visible to members of the society. Next, we would like

to raise a few issues in relation to statistics in the child justice area. The statistics on

criminal offenses by young people published by the government only cover the age

group of 12 to 24. So it’s difficult to understand the full picture of child offenders under

the age of 18. Also, although the age of criminal responsibility in Taiwan is 14, juvenile

offenders between the age of 12 and 14 may still be incarcerated. And even though

offenders under the age of 18 are not legally punishable by death or life imprisonment,

there are still cases where young offenders have been sentenced to 30 years in prison

and I think this is a violation of the CRC. This also constitutes cruel and degrading

treatment. There is also much mistreatment in juvenile correctional facilities such as the

types of restraints and timing of imposition that do not meet the international human

rights standards and are often used as punishments. It is also difficult to distinguish

between disciplinary action and protective action or punishment measures. And

according to government statistics, eight to 12% of the child offenders in the four

juvenile correctional facilities are children with impairments, we suspect this number

there are maybe some underestimation and we believe now the government is coming

up with new regulation for child justice and we urge you to pay close attention to the

issue of juvenile justice.

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 2. Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty:

I speak on behalf of the Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty. Well, the children of

those sentenced to imprisonment or the death penalty are the invisible victims. In the

system, these children are forced to separate from their parents so this is a violation of

their best interest. Taiwan’s criminal system does not pay attention to the protection of

such children. And we are pleased that in the list of issues, the reviewers have pointed

out that this problem and we urge the Taiwan government to take necessary measures

for example, through revised sentencing guidance to take into account of the interest of

the children of those sentenced to imprisonment or the death penalty. And we must

respect children’s right to be heard. That means we need to have a friendly environment

to encourage children to speak up. That also means that the personnel in the justice

system must be trained to be sensitive to the needs of children. Thirdly, Taiwan still has

death penalty. So the court should pay close attention to people with minor children if

they maybe sentenced to imprisonment or the death penalty. And counseling services

should be provided for those involved in these cases. Thank you.

3. Taiwan Education Association:

We are concerned about the situation of children with disabilities in education. For

example, the government has not implemented the policy of inclusive education. The

human rights model of disability has not been upheld rather the biomedical model is still

used in practice. As a result, many children with disabilities, especially hidden

disabilities are not recognized as such. There are not sufficient resources to help children

with disabilities either. For instance, even for children with very severe disabilities their

need for assistance on campus sometimes may not be fully met. So we hope you can

urge the government to be more mindful of the human rights model of disability and

investing more resources in the services children with disabilities need so that inclusive

education can be realized. Thank you.

Emcee:

Thank you. Number 9, League for Persons with Disabilities.

The League for Persons with Disabilities:

1. General Secretary Hung Hsin-Ping from the League for Persons with Disabilities. I

think at this time it is the most appropriate for a child with disabilities to speak their

mind. So Chen Yue-Ning here, the child we’ve been helping will speak his mind.

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 2. Hello. I’m 12 years old. I’m in the sixth grade. Thank you very much for listening to

my five problems regarding my life. First, about homework. We can use the computer

to type our composition, but all the other homework has to be submitted with pens

and paper. Sometimes if I don’t have enough time, I need to wake up really early to

finish my homework. Second, the checking of our homework. Teachers praised me

for what I do with my homework, but still it takes too much time to listen to the praise,

I want to have more time to go out and play. Third, sometimes I don’t write clearly

enough and other students complain that they cannot read my handwriting therefore,

give me really bad grades. Fourth, bigger exams. I can use the computer to type in

answers in exams, but in many other cases I need to use paper to write my answers.

IEP （Individualized Educational Program）is provided on some of the subjects

such as math subjects I can go to other classrooms. I have a longer time to finish but

when I, for example, take the Chinese examination, I don’t get this extended time

therefore, I cannot finish the exam. The fifth is that some other teachers don’t

understand what I cannot write well. So I hope our government’s IEP related policy

can be truly implemented so that a subject teacher can also understand what a student

I’m like. And some students with disabilities look just like other students but what

we have is learning difficulties and people may think that we don’t input enough time

to practice and I don’t have the certificate for person with disabilities, but I am

recognized as a student with learning disabilities, but since I don’t have that

certificate, I cannot use computer to take some exams. Thank you.

Emcee:

Next, Guardian National Association Children and Family.

The Guardian-National Association for Children and Family:

Thank you for coming to visit us in Formosa, Taiwan. We are Guardian National

Association Children and Family. And we have noticed discrimination against children

by the government so we would like to bring it to your attention. First of all, I believe

the selection of the children and youth representatives is not fair nor is it friendly to

children. Here you can see 95% of local governments have age limits. And also many

local governments do not have a guaranteed quota for children with special needs. In

practice, on the left-hand side, over 50% children may be present in the selection

committee however, in practice that is not the case because children do not have the time

to attend such selection meetings. In addition, the appointment letter will not be awarded

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 to children representatives until the term is completed. Also, over 60% of local

governments treat such children’s representatives as volunteers asking them to receive

a sufficient number of hours before they can get the certificate. Moreover, I think we

can look at children in care and how difficult it is for them to return home. According to

many reports, you can see the proportion of children in foster care returning to home is

very low, because they cannot return home. We do see the problem of disrupted

placements. But this problem has been overlooked by the government for a long time.

And on the left-hand side, you can see that it seems that in the state report only 40% of

the children and use in-care or in placements have to transfer to different placement

institutions. But in reality it’s over 60%. Another issue is about the inspection and

evaluation of public and privately managed public facilities. And here you can see this

based on the report submitted by the government, the blue bars represent the state-run

public institutions and the purple bars represent the state-managed... state-established,

but managed by private operators institutions. You can see they have 100% A rating in

the evaluation process. But for the private institutions basically the A rating is way lower.

I hope that the government will simply write fancy reports, a more comprehensive

evaluation mechanism that must be set up. Thank you.

Emcee:

Thank you, number 11. Taiwan Residential Childcare Alliance.

Taiwan Residential Child Care Alliance:

We would like to provide some supplemental responses regarding LOIs. First of all, on

the response of the government 6.3, we want to say that in Taiwan the need for placement

is very complicated. Considering the complexity, considering the capacity I think we

need to take into consideration children’s options in choosing placements. It seems that

smaller institutions are preferred, but in even those organizations military like education

sometimes are still used. And for larger placement organizations, it is possible to reach

individualized care. So many placement organizations now are like small group homes.

And to respond... You care about the role of group homes, but in fact, the position of

group home service still needs to be clarified. Should it be primarily used for special

needs children or can it be an alternative placement option for children in general? It

requires more discussions and even for group homes which are supported by the policy,

they still suffer from lack of resources. Also, to respond to 6.4, we think the government

needs to lay down a clearer schedule for deinstitutionalization. But before we reach

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 deinstitutionalization, placement organizations still exist. It still takes most of the

children who need placements. In order to ensure that children receive quality care in

institutional settings, it is important to assess the caregiving capacity. As I mentioned

earlier, the ratio between the caregivers and those who are cared for. The funding is also

important, and the caregiver’s quality of life is very important. Because with the current

salaries that they get, it’s really difficult to hire quality people. Quality people can deliver

quality care. So funding, professional capacity, care models, support systems are all very

important before we reach deinstitutionalization.

Emcee:

Next, Number 12. Taiwan Mothers Shield Alliance for the Protection of Families and

Children. Please.

Taiwan Mothers Shield Alliance for the Protection of Families and Children:

According to Article 5 of the CRC, the Convention should help solve problems rather

than encourage or stimulate conflicts between children and their parents. Therefore, we

believe aside from upholding the rights of the child, we should teach children to fulfill

their obligations and duties while they enjoy the rights. And as parents, they should learn

to listen, support, accompany and encourage their children. In terms of health, according

to the health promotion administration’s survey in 2021, 25% of high school students

once seriously considered committing suicide. Many of these young people have issues

getting along with their family members. And of course, addiction to the Internet is

another serious problem. In terms of sexuality education, I don’t think we are doing a

good job in schools. The sexuality education in schools focuses on the use of condoms.

As a result, we see more examples, instances of STDs （Sexually Transmitted

Diseases）and there’s also more pregnancy among teenage girls as well as induced

abortions. Therefore, I believe the family is the key factor in teenage suicide, poor health,

mental health, physical health. So the school system should provide more support for

the family and there should be greater emphasis on family education. On the family

front, we believe family education should be incorporated into different levels of school

especially in the middle school level so that children know the value of marriage and

family. In addition, the Family Education Act should be amended so that at least four

hours of training on family education for each school year must be implemented. Even

in colleges, family education should be a required course. On campus, we recommend

that there should be greater efforts to prevent suicide and there should be better referral

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 system for medical resources for our young people. As for the curriculum design, more

experts on child development should be included and science should be the basis on

which to design such curriculum. On the use of Internet, cyber security for our young

people must be the priority of our government. It should not be... the owners should not

be on the parents and the private sector. For example, handbooks, manuals can be

provided for parents so that they know how they can reach an agreement with their

teenage children as to the use of the Internet. And of course, some protective programs

and software should be used as well. Right now, I think there’s some problems in our

government because we have too many different agencies working in silence, therefore,

we believe a family impact assessment should be carried out. In the central government,

there should be a dedicated agency to promote family education so that the family can

fulfill its role in upholding the rights of the child. This is in keeping with the spirit of the

CRC that’s the best interest of the child. Thank you.

Emcee:

Thank you. Number 13. Taiwan Women and Children's Rights Association.

Taiwan Women and Children Rights & Benefits Association:

Hello. I am Liang Mei-Hui. In the first introduction review in the paragraph 30 of your

first Concluding Observations say that government needs to recognize the high-rate of

suicide and the government need to evaluate and address the causes of such attempt in

order to reduce suicide rates. However, it’s been five years and these specific documents

and the secondary reports, if we look at the online trajectory of children, if we look at

page 41, in 2019, 2020, among 100,000 students and 52 children decide to take their

own lives. And after the first state reports, we started to discuss action plans so I received

some information by 2018 of July, and in a meeting, the causes and analysis were all

absent when it comes to the death of the children. So in this report, I don’t see really

detailed explanation on the stats or the cause or the analysis of cause of suicide. So I

think schools and parents and teachers need to help children to have better EQ

（Emotional Intelligence）. And Internet content really needs to be classified. I think

around the world it is common that children can access all kinds of content which is not

good for their mental health or physical health online. In this kind of content, they need

to learn how to monitor and control their emotions when they have emotional outbursts

or physical conflicts with others in schools, they may become even more uncontrollable.

So the government needs to help both the parents and the teenagers in terms of how to

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 cultivate better interpersonal relationships. And next I want to talk about a family

education center, which is not very useful in providing family education. We don’t see

the indicators or action plans or any of the government documents. Without such

information how local governments operate such centers? I think four of you were in the

previous review and provided really good suggestions to the governments but we don’t

think those suggestions are being implemented and so we want a clearer action plan

because children now don’t have their right to education or life protected.

Emcee:

Next, Pro Femina Taiwan.

Pro Femina Taiwan:

I’ll use English. The current mutual consent divorce procedure doesn’t have a

mechanism to protect the best interest of the children or their views to be heard and taken

into consideration. In the year 2019, Taiwan’s divorce rate was the 5th highest in the

world. Over the last two decades, 2.85 million couples got married, but 1.13 million of

couples got divorced and the relative divorced rate was 40%. Our average is about 57,

000 couples got divorced each year over the last two decades. And that has resulted in a

drastic increase in the number of divorce population from 865, 000 in year 2002 to 1.9

million in year 2021. And about 1.26 million of minors witnessed the divorce of their

parents and about 15% of the whole population experienced divorce or parental divorce.

Divorce is a key factor causing the rising single parent and dysfunctional families and

many juvenile and social delinquencies that are facing today. And about 40% of single

parents lives on social welfare. About 85% of divorce cases are conducted through

mutual consent and the rest or 15% through lawsuit or mediation provided by the court.

The procedure of mutual consent divorce is that both parties sign the divorce agreement

and ask for two witnesses to sign and have their agreement registered at their local

household registration office and the divorce is done and becomes effective immediately.

In general, it takes about 10 minutes to finish the process. However, the problems of

mutual consent divorce are that there’s no mechanism to ensure whether the rights and

responsibilities of both parties are fair and equal and the best interest of their child is

protected. Proposed solution, our predivorce buffer and support mechanism such as

certain period of separation or waiting period or counseling for those with minor children

should be set up in order to protect the best interest of the children. For example, for

separation many countries require divorcing couples to be separated from several

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 months to several years such as Germany, Austria, France, Hong Kong and Singapore.

Thank you.

Emcee:

Thank you. Number 15, National Alliance of Parents Organization.

National Alliance of Parents Organization:

IRC members, ladies, and gentlemen, this is the National Alliance of Parents

Organization. I think we’ve provided a Word file, right? If it’s not shown I’m going to

just speak about it. My report is focused on two parts; first, COVID-19, how it impacted

high school students and junior high school students. Their learning performance

decreases. We use the national exams in our analysis for junior high school students. If

we compare the exam results from 2020 and 2021 and 2022, there is an increase of C-

level performance. So it seems that the performance of Mandarin Chinese didn’t have a

big change, but when it comes to math, math performance increases... So suspension of

classes during COVID-19 doesn’t have a big impact on general learning, however, for

high school students especially the senior students, there are more students who fall

below Level 6. So their performance gets worse. So the percentage under Level 6 grew

from 32% to 55%. And in 2022, there are two math subjects, math A and math B. Math

B is easier. But again 42% of students are below Level 6 performance. So COVID-19

had some impact on math performance for senior high school students. The second part

of my presentation is the lack of substitute teachers especially in rural areas. A month

ago, a candidate for Mayor of Taipei said that the percentage of substitute teachers for

elementary and junior high school students is 14%. I think the number is worse in rural

areas. In Pingtung County which is a southern county, there are five to eight schools

which could not have hired enough substitute teachers. That greatly impacts the right to

education for children. So we have two suggestions. First of all, after students return to

physical class, there should be special classes to enhance their performance. And the

examination results during COVID-19 should be used as to how such makeup classes

are to be designed. Second, again, as I said, lack of substitute teachers is a big problem

for rural areas. So the government needs to follow up with it and change policy in order

to address this.

Emcee:

Thank you. Number 16, International Association for Advancement of Children’s Rights.

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International Association for Advancement of Children’s Rights:

Distinguished members of IRC. We found that in recent years there are increasing cases

of child abuse. According to the government data, from 2019 to 2020, we see over 1,000

cases of sexual abuse of children and the youth. And over 65% of such sexual abuse

victims are under the age of 18. So, in fact, we see a quarter of sexual victims under the

age of 12, we have already been promoting the gender equality education. However, we

have seen a lot of increase in the case of sexual abuse among children and the youth. So

despite the fact that we have gender equality education, we are not able to protect our

children and youth not to mention there’s a lot of pornographic information on the

Internet and the mass media. As a result, many children are exposed to inadequate

content online. So we recommend that the Executive Yuan should review the

shortcomings in the existing laws and regulations. Solutions must be proposed to unite

forces and resources of all government agencies. And of course, children should be

taught how to protect themselves by drawing the so-called boundaries properly and such

education must be made available for all children and youth. In addition, i-WIN as a

mechanism to screen the content online should be strengthened and we should have a

content labeling and rating system to help parents and children to tell if the content is

adequate. So we are pleased that we have two representatives from children and youth

groups and one of them said that they hope that all their family members and classmates

and teachers can be more familiar with the CRCs, so that they can listen to her, listen to

what she has to say. But I think the public sector has to first start taking actions to

familiarize themselves with the CRC so that regulations and policies can protect the

rights of the child. We have another representative who is a high school student. And we

hope that there will be representatives from vocational high schools to be part of the

youth and children representative bodies. Thank you.

Emcee:

To remind you that please use your time wisely because we’ve gone over our time for

the morning. Next, No 17. Corporation Aggregate of the Resurrection food bank

Association.

Corporation Aggregate of the Resurrection Food Bank Holistic Care Association:

1. Hi, everyone. There will be two presenters. One of them is a child. I am the President

of this association. We really care about the impact of the media on children. For

example, the National Public Television, in one of their programs, invites people who

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 are involved in BDSM, who promote open relationships. They paint a very positive

hue on open relationships, and they spread wrong information about STD（Sexually

Transmitted Disease）, they hurt children’s right to education. Public Television also

has a program for gay couple or lesbian couples; they are not neutral because they

support the idea of surrogate mothers. So they didn’t uphold the principle to stay

impartial. Surrogate mother is a very controversial issue. It hurts the health of

surrogates. It exploits women and doesn’t consider the negative impact on such

practice. As for our suggestions, we think PTS（Public Television Service）, Public

Television should remove these videos from online and NCC need to give penalties

to PTS and PTS need to create a monitoring mechanism to ensure that the content

they play can protect the rights of children and controversial programs need to invite

both positive and opposition opinions. And PTS need to consider replacing the

producers of the program and all the future producers need to have special training

on the rights to health of children.

2. Hello. I am a child representative from Corporation Aggregate of the Resurrection

food bank. If the government is willing to input in resources, I think resources need

to be put on developing quality time within the family so that children feel that they

are supported, they are brave, they will be willing to take care of themselves. And in

schools, we want to take classes that teach us how to cherish life, how to love, how

to select, what responsibilities we need to bear. I think this can reduce on-campus

bullying. I think the government should help cultivate citizens who are brave and

who are of integrity. And the government needs to classify the content of the Internet.

We hope that the schools can help us who are still growing to help us become braver,

to have better moral values so that we can be warm, so that we have the capacity to

care for others, and reduce the possibility of bullying others.

Emcee:

Thank you. Next, Taiwan Fund for Children and Families.

Taiwan Fund for Children and Families:

Hi. We have nine responses. The current COD （Cause of Death）is performed on

children who are under six. It is used to prevent future death, however, the mortality rate

is still very high and suicide rate among children who are between 12 and 17 is on the

rise too. So we suggest that the COD analysis should cover children who are between 0

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to 18 years old. In addition to legislation, there should be a COD review system. Issue

number 2, mental health of children. There is a higher suicide rate among children but

we don’t have enough statistical data. So we think there should be more budget in

developing health policy. And the usage rate of current resources is quite low, especially

used by children. There should be a review mechanism to see why children don’t use

government resources and their opinions should be included, children’s autonomy,

medical decisions should be guaranteed especially by law. Issue number 3, digital sexual

violence. Currently, this issue is being managed by so many different agencies. There

isn’t a dedicated agency. Pieces of legislation are here and there. It is an incomprehensive

law so we suggest that there should be a specific scope and definition for this issue and

implement protective policies for victims. Next, improper corporal punishments by

teachers. Corporal punishments are also on the rise. The government needs to review

this reality and adjust their strategy. Teachers who give corporal punishments should be

punished and there should be a review on the reporting and actual penalties for teachers.

It seems that most of the children don’t talk about it until they graduate so students

should learn more about their rights and there should be a better complaint mechanism.

Issue number 5, alternative care. Again, policies are scattered around among different

agencies. The government needs to integrate these policies. There should be indicators

to examine the quality of placements. There isn’t a good support system for kinship

placement. As for commissioned placement, there is a mechanism to provide counseling

for children so that they can return home after the placement. There is lack of stats, lack

of training and lack of complaint mechanism. Number 6, teenage pregnancy. The

government doesn’t have enough data. Data on teenagers who become pregnant, who

go over maternity examinations or who actually give birth. 25% or 30% of teenage

pregnant students decided to drop out of school. There isn’t an effective intervention.

Issue number 7, resources in schools. There aren’t enough resources in remote areas. So

there should be more statistical data to review whether or not resources are lacking in

some specific areas. But we do see that there is a widening digital gap between urban

and rural areas. There is a gap of access to information which impacts the learning

performance. So the government needs to accumulate more data and include digital

literacy in the curriculum so that children have better capability to access information.

Issue number 8, sexual abuse. Children victims account for a higher and higher

percentage of overall victims so national sexual abuse data of children should be made

public and there should be a way to review the effectiveness of preventive measures.

Some complaint mechanisms are not used enough so it needs to be reviewed as to why.

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 Children don’t usually initiate the use of such mechanisms so again this has to be

reviewed.

Emcee:

Thank you. Number 20, Association of Parents in Kaohsiung.

Association of Parents in Kaohsiung:

1. Good morning. Ministry of Education has kept a list of trainers of gender equality;

however, these teachers and trainers actually present ideas that are in violation of the

CRC. For example, some of them advocate the sexual liberation and some of them

do not prohibit young people from using drugs and many of them also support open

sexual relationship, BDSM as well as open sexual liberation. So it seems that such

trainers seen as qualified trainers of gender equality may actually do more harm than

good for our children. So we believe when it comes to health education, effective

education as well as sexuality education, science should be at front and center in the

qualification of teachers. And with selecting such so-called teachers of gender

equality there should be very clear criteria. Thank you. And we have a child

representative who would like to speak up.

2. Good morning. I’m a child representative of the association. We at school learn a lot

about human rights education and how to respect others, but I chose not to speak out

when I was exposed to some weird and absurd comments made in those classes. For

example, some young people from Taiwan rushed to Cambodia and became victims

to human trafficking. So in order to comply with the CRC in upholding the rights of

children to be free from violence, the government should say that more

comprehensive social safety net that means each and every one of us must be a

guardian to protect our children. So character education should be a part of our school

education so that children and young people can learn how to identify threats and

danger. They know how to tell right from wrong. And in middle school, because there

are entrance examinations coming very often the teacher would rush through their

instructions. However, such gender equality courses are still included so we hope that

if we want to have children spend less time in school then I hope certain courses can

be elective for middle school students. And then we get to choose if we want to learn

more about certain theoretical knowledge. Thank you.

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Emcee:

Number 21, Action Alliance on Basic Education.

Action Alliance on Basic Education:

Hello everyone. I think the National Alliance of Presidents of Parents Association talks

about novel cigarettes or vaping or nicotine products, we think the law has to be

amended. I just want to echo that. So moving on to my point here. The chaos from the

process of reporting learning portfolio associate with 2019 Curriculum Guideline. I think

one of the chaos is that there is a double track of examinations and learning portfolios.

For the students, it means that there are two examinations. Students could have explored

their interests, but now it seems they have to put a lot of internship activities on their

learning portfolio in order to apply for better schools. It’s a huge competition especially

on how well-off the families are. So we think that there is an M-shape reality among

students’ performance because some students don’t receive good enough training,

counseling from their teachers, they face a lot of pressure. Sometimes they just give up.

So I think it is very important to enhance academic counseling teams to help students to

prepare their learning portfolios. Explain to students how a learning portfolio can be

created and help them understand what their interests are. We think that starting from

elementary school and continuing to middle school is really important for students to

learn what they like.

Emcee:

Next, AGLOW Taiwan.

AGLOW Taiwan:

Good morning on behalf of AGLOW Taiwan, I would like to talk about the sexually

transmitted disease among young people. During the past three years, young people aged

between 10 to 19, we see a six-fold increase in gonorrhea cases. The only exception is

HIV infections. This is because of the promotion of education awareness raising and

PrEP programs. And for people aged between 15 to 24, last year 245 of them were

infected with HIV and over 2,000 contracted gonorrhea. So these are very serious threats

to the health of our young people. Also over 80% of such STDs（Sexually Transmitted

Disease）infections occurred in young men especially HIV infections. 98% of them

occur to males. And also male to male unsafe sex is the greatest contributor to such

infections. So what is going on with our teenage boys? I think it’s because there is a lot

of information on the Internet, social media, dating apps prompting them to engage in

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 unsafe sex. For example, the so-called multiple persons in sex as a result, the use of

drugs, the cases of sexual abuse have been on the rise. We hope more stringent control

and restrictions can be put in place. As for gonorrhea we know that if untreated women

may become infertile and there is also drug resistant gonorrhea issue therefore, more

screening sexuality education are in order. Every year, I think we should have a report

on the STDs among young people. This is aggregated based on gender, age and means

of transmission. In addition, in textbooks correct knowledge should be instilled,

condoms are not the panacea that can cure all sexually transmitted diseases. Not having

sex is the ultimate way to avoid infecting and contracting such disease.

Emcee:

Next, Loving and Protecting Minors Association.

New Taipei City Loving and Protecting Minors Association:

New Taipei City Loving and Protecting Minors Association. Statement: Taiwanese

consider drug abuse as one of the most serious social issues. Many criminal acts are

related to drug abuse. Compared to adults, children and juveniles are harmed even more

by drug abuse. Because human brains continue to develop until the age of 25, so for

those under the age of 25 drug abuse can cause permanent damages to their brains.

According to statistics provided by Ministry of Education, the number of students using

drugs has decreased from 2, 432 in year 2012 to 409 in year 2021. This is a good

development. However, the number of juveniles committed to the sell and transport of

drugs is growing very fast. From 91 cases to 174 cases. We may assume that adult drug

dealers seduce juveniles to commit the crimes. In recent years, abuse of marijuana,

cannabis is growing very fast in Taiwan. Marijuana users advocate the decriminalization

of marijuana. However, the statistics show that it becomes more difficult to prevent

children and juveniles from using marijuana after it is legalized. We can see the

phenomenon in Canada as well as in California and Colorado in the United States.

Specific recommendations: Number 1, according to the narcotics hazard prevention acts

in Taiwan, marijuana is listed in category 2 of the illegal narcotics, issue remains so. It

should not be legalized. Number 2, law enforcement should make more efforts to prevent

adults from seducing and forcing children and juveniles to use and the sale of drugs.

Number 3, we need to revise the Narcotics Hazard Prevention Act. Certain civil servants

such as physicians, nurses, social workers, school teachers, municipal civil people and

the police officers should have the legal obligation to report drug abuse of children and

the juvenile. Thank you for listening. Thank you.

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Emcee:

Thank you. All the NGOs have finished their presentations. So we are closing this

session. The time will leave to the Chairman.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Thank you very very much for all the information. We are almost drowned in all that

information so we need lunch. So enjoy your lunch and I’ll see you this afternoon, and

I see you are looking forward to it and then we will have questions and a lot of questions.

So enjoy your lunch and see you back in, what is it 2 o’clock?

Emcee:

Yes, 2 o’clock.

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六、委員與兒少會議（非公開）

日期：2022 年 11 月 14 日（星期一）

時間：下午 2 時至 3 時 30 分

地點：台北國際會議中心 201 室

國際審查委員與兒少代表對話，讓兒少為自己發聲，提出自己的觀點及想

法。此為非公開會議，會場未有任何文字與影音紀錄。

七、委員與非政府組織會議（非公開）

日期：2022 年 11 月 14 日（星期一）

時間：下午 3 時 50 分至 5 時 20 分

地點：台北國際會議中心 201 室

國際審查委員與非政府組織對話，此為非公開會議，會場未有任何文字與

影音紀錄。

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八、委員與政府機關代表會議

日期：2022 年 11 月 15 日（星期二）至 16 日（星期三）

地點：台北國際會議中心 201 室

由政府機關代表與會，接受國際審查委員逐章審查我國第二次國家報告，

瞭解首次國家報告結論性意見落實狀況，透過對話及詢答，國際審查委員

與政府部門進行建設性對話。

國際審查委員會委員與政府機關代表詢答

行政院林政務委員萬億 國際審查委員會委員 John Tobin

131

政府機關代表回應委員提問

132

（一） 審查 CRC 第二次國家報告（第一章-第四章）

日期：2022 年 11 月 15 日（星期二）

時間：上午 9 時至 12 時

地點：台北國際會議中心 201 室

簡要紀錄

【第一章-一般執行措施】

1. Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic 委員：

（1）有關政府提及法令檢視尚有些在進行中，請問是否所有的法令均已從

CRC 角度檢視完畢？另請簡介《兒少法》立法動機？與其他國家法令看

起來有些不同。

院兒權小組秘書單位、衛生福利部社會及家庭署代表：

⚫ 有關法規檢視的部分：基本上依《CRC 施行法》第 9 條規定，已於 104

年 11 月提出優先檢視清單。2016 年至 2018 年請各政府依 CRC 精神檢

視其主管法規是否符合 CRC 規定，基本上已依流程完成修正。另於

110 年因應兩公約要求，所有公約進行第二次法規檢視，經檢視後，

各部會列管 9 部法律，其中有 12 條與兒少相關。第一次與第二次合計

共檢視 52 部法律，含 75 條與兒少相關。法規檢視均提至院兒權小組

列管，目前尚有 8 部法律，13 條條文尚在列管，因法案遇立法院屆期

不續審，退回行政院重新審查之故，導致無法於期限內完成修法。

⚫ 《兒少法》2011 年修法業依 CRC 精神做全文修正，2011 年至今歷經

10 次修正，針對兒少保護、少子化、友善育兒環境、網路保護機制等

議題均納入該法，此外，立法委員也相當關切法條內容，增修許多條

文，目前正在全面檢討《兒少法》整體架構，將會納入一般性措施、

兒少參與、公民權、自由權、身分權、文化權、家庭權、保護措施及

替代性照顧、體罰霸凌、心理健康自殺防治、失蹤兒少及家庭福利服

務、曝險少年行政輔導等 CRC 權益相關議題，亦會整合社會安全網兒

保及脆弱家庭通報。整體架構將依 CRC 國家報告架構來進行調整，未

來亦會召開公聽會，與 NGOs 溝通。

（2）兒少國家行動計畫目前尚未定案，有分門別類的計畫，想請問為何沒有

整體的計畫？請說明其內涵。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億：目前先將聯合國相關各公約納入國家人權行

動計畫，該計畫已納入 CRC 及 CRPD，含納反歧視、公平、平等、保障

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 弱勢及脆弱人口群等，先從國家人權行動計畫出發，未來再將沒有納入

的 CRC 相關議題回到 CRC 來處理。

（3）協調工作非常重要，請問院兒權小組是否是常設小組？4 個月開會一次似

乎效率不高，請問院兒權小組的運作方式？

院兒權小組召集人林萬億：院兒權小組依規定 4 個月召開一次，但會加開

臨時會議或專案會議，例如 0 歲至 2 歲、2 歲至 6 歲兒童照顧議題，因 2

歲至 6 歲跨及教育部、衛生福利部，因此召開多場會議研議。此外，兒少

性侵害議題納入社會安全網後，為了解問題原因、各地方政府執行策略，中

央如何修法或給予預算等，為協調此問題，一年至少召開數 10 次會議。衛

生福利部及政委辦公室均有人力處理院兒權小組會議事宜。

（4）請說明兒少預算的規劃及運作？是否有完整的協調？預算是否充足？

院兒權小組召集人林萬億：預算實屬配置問題，兒童預算一直在增加，

如為了兒童照顧以公共形式提供，因此這 4 年來增加預算至將近 1,000 億，

無法立即達到公共化，爰使用準公共化的方式，將兒童照顧量能導引至

公共化型式，形成臺灣新的模式。另 NGOs 提及「發展」方面的預算相對

少，政府已注意到此一問題，因此在文化部、教育部也逐漸提升相關預

算。

（5）在國際合作方面，樂見臺灣支持其他國家兒少，我們想要知道，是否有

機會進一步的更了解 CRC 的內容和任擇議定書呢？我們建議臺灣也採用

任擇議定書。

⚫ 內政部移民署代表：國際合作部分，目前與各個國家簽署防制人口販

運還有移民事務的 MOU，已跟 22 個國家簽訂協定與 MOU，建立合作

網絡，互相派員參與對方舉行的研討會，目前我國每年舉行人口販運

國際研究工作坊，邀請各國家專家學者分享經驗。

⚫ 外交部代表：外交部國際合作重點在於資源分享及實施人道援助計畫。

CRC 公約專業知能部分主要還是透過國內相關團體，像是學校及兒少

到海外參訪的行程，或邀請相關學校進行國際交流學習相關知識。

（6）國家人權委員會目前的職能是否能扮演領導角色，推動兒童權利，並且

調查兒童權利違反事項？處理申訴？

（未有答復）

（7）教育方面，訓練及教育的實質計畫？教師在哪裡受到訓練？是在一般常

規，還是取得教師證後的培訓？訓練的內容為何？並請提供方案的教育

內容。

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 教育部國民及學前教育署代表：已於 2018 年成立 CRC 中心學校，訓練

CRC 種子師資，藉由素養、培力研習營及工作坊形式推動 CRC。編寫

CRC 教育宣導手冊，透過案例分析讓現場學校師長理解 CRC，補助各縣

市政府進行專業知能訓練，截至目前，高級中等以下學校，老師接受

CRC 訓練達 89.37%，校長達 98.18%。師資培育職前課程已納入人權教育，

包括 CRC 議題融入教育專業相關課程。鼓勵大學開設課程，截至 2021 年

約有 37 所大專院校，173 個系所開設人權教育相關課程，總共有 9,806 師

資生完成職前教育培訓。

（8）司法近用與申訴機制的運作問題，醫療、校園、住宿機構均有不同的申

訴管道，但目前此申訴機制似未達到目的，兒少很少使用，亦沒有研究

證明發生問題與提出申訴的狀況的比例為何？實際上有兒少遭受暴力侵

害，但未提出任何的申訴。

⚫ 院兒權小組秘書單位、衛生福利部社會及家庭署代表：院兒權小組要

求行政機關就其申訴機制，針對保密、友善、透明、保護、獨立、即

時等 6 項指標進行自我檢核，且須徵詢兒少及 NGOs 意見，倘未達 6 項

指標，須依兒少或 NGOs 意見修正。另安置機構申訴部分，目前已建

構三層級申訴機制，要求安置機構內部建立申訴機制；縣市政府建立

外部申訴機制；中央主管機關為再申訴機制。兒少及利害關係人均能

提出申訴，2020 年調查安置機構申訴狀況，申訴案件總共 97 案，大部

分為透過機構內部申訴，因發現申訴案件較少，爰於 2020 年再訂定再

申訴管道，目前調查申訴案件比例有逐年增加。

⚫ 衛生福利部保護服務司代表：說明兒童少年的人身安全的保護申訴，

兒少保護案件均可以透過關懷 e 起來、113 進行通報及申訴，並訂有責

任通報人員如醫護人員、教育人員、警察人員、托育人員、村里幹事

等，發現兒少遭不當對待，包含身體、精神虐待、性虐待及性剝削等

不法侵害，均須在 24 小內通報。

⚫ 教育部國民及學前教育署代表：校園申訴部分，2021 年 5 月 26 號立法

院通過修正《高級中等教育法》第 54 條，建立學生申訴跟再申訴制

度。本署依該法訂定《高級中等學校學生申訴及再申訴評議委員會組

織及運作辦法》，學生或學生自治組織倘對學校懲處或其他措施認為其

權益遭受侵害，可於收到處分或原措施次日起 30 日內，以書面方式提

出申訴；倘再不服，可於收到學校評議書次日起 30 日內向主管機關的

再申訴評議委員會提出申訴；若再不服，可於收到再申訴評議書次日

起 2 個月內，向行政法院提起行政訴訟。國中小教育階段可由法定代

理人提出申訴或再申訴。該申訴機制程序獨立且保密，並將相關申訴

資訊放置於網站及編制學手冊向學生宣導。

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 ⚫ 法務部矯正署代表：矯正機構申訴部分，少年倘有不服機關處分或管

理措施，可依《監獄行刑法》及《羈押法》提起申訴。申訴程序係由

機關成立獨立審議小組，有專家學者及公正人士處理申訴事件；申訴

程序友善兒少，兒少可以言詞、書面或委任律師或代理人提出；申訴

內容均予保密。少年進入矯正機關時，即辦理入校講習，宣導申訴權

利及管道，並製作生活手冊予少年。少年除可向學校各級人員提出申

訴，亦可向外部視察小組、外聘心理師、社工師及少年法庭法官或保

護官提出申訴、陳情。目前也正在研擬少年矯正機關收容處遇實施條

例，已召開 61 次會議，將納入少年觀護所及少年矯正學校納入。

⚫ 司法院少年及家事廳代表：司法近用部分，司法院主管的各個相關法

官及各個法庭，除從認知上強調必須要提供給兒少友善出庭環境，亦

重視出庭前的庭前準備，使兒少了解他在法庭參與的角色，庭中也有

專業社工陪同保障兒少表意權，尤其在釋字第 805 號解釋後，對少年

事件被害人陳述意見權利更為重視，近 2 年來透過兒少友善出庭相關

措施保障兒少表意權，包括納入身心特殊需求兒少，透過專家協助表

達意見。

2. Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：院兒權小組中 5 個兒少代表是如何遴選？

衛生福利部社會及家庭署代表：中央兒少代表係由地方兒少代表遴選出來，

2019 年訂定遴選兒少代表參與中央兒少小組原則，各地方政府透過選舉方式

推選 1 至 3 名兒少表參加中央兒少代表，每屆任期 2 年。2020 年設置中央兒

少代表，為試行屆，2021 年為第一屆（2021 年 1 月 1 日至 2022 年 12 月 31

日），共 60 位兒少代表，第二屆（2023 年 1 月 1 日至 2024 年 12 月 31 日）有

62 人。中央兒少代表分成 3 組，每組推舉 5 名兒少代表出席三個中央跨部會

會議，分別是院兒權小組、衛生福利部兒權小組及兒少事故傷害防治小組，

出席的兒少代表會帶著各組關心的議題與方案來開會。除兒少代表參與中央

3 個小組會議外，也期待各部會、立法院、司法院、監察院討論有關兒少議

題時能邀請兒少代表參與。另為回應兒少代表期待，特於 2019 年至 2022 年

邀請各部會共同舉辦一場只有兒少的平臺會議，由兒少提出議題，各部會共

同回應。

【第二章-兒少之定義】

未有提問及詢答

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【第三章-一般性原則】

1. Laura Lundy 委員：

（1）請問國內是否有與歧視相關的法令？例如倘原住民女童認為自己受到歧

視，他可以在這個法令之下做什麼？

行政院人權及轉型正義處代表：有關就業、教育、個別特定族群如性別、身

心障礙等，禁止歧視規定散見於各法令，交織性歧視狀況或個別領域歧

視的法令現較為不足，因此國家人權計畫為回應此問題，將制定綜合性

平等法，目前正在進行相關法官的盤點，後續也會廣泛的徵詢各方意見，預

計在 2024 年提出草案。

（2）兒少數據部分看到有以性別、原住民、障礙類別分類，請問是否有定期

在蒐集這些數據？例如在教育、健康有進行兒少統計分類，是否有以障

礙別作為分類進行數據蒐集？障礙兒少是否有再細分？是否也有包含

LGBTI 兒少？

⚫ 教育部學生事務及特殊教育司代表：每年進行特殊教育統計，針對身

心障礙學生，依據不同教育階段、性別、障礙程度，定期發布特教統

計年報，目前也正在規劃中英版，公開上網讓更多人知道相關訊息。

⚫ 衛生福利部社會及家庭署代表：透過鑑定與需求評估建置資訊系統，

按障礙類別、年齡、服務及需求等做相關數據蒐集及統計。早療服務

系統也與教育體系、國民健康署做資料介接。

⚫ 衛福部中央健康保險署代表：全民健保實施共有 27 年國民健康資料，

申報資料會搭配 ICD 9 或 ICD 10，配合社會及家庭署提供的身心障礙

鑑定區分，分門別類統計，包括年齡層分布、縣市等等。

⚫ 行政院性別平等處代表：我國 2006 年推動性別主流化，引導各部會建

置性別統計專區，行政院亦建立性別統計資料庫，引導各部會進行性

別與年齡、身心障礙、族群等交織性統計。透過 2 年一次到各部會實

地考核，了解各部會性別統計及副分類的表現。關於 LGBTI 調查較為

敏感，今年係委託專業團體進行匿名網路問卷生活狀況調查，了解其

就學、就業及生活各方面所遇到的問題。

（3）學校性別教育的品質是否有受到監督？是否為優質的教育內容？

教育部學生事務及特殊教育司代表：依《性別平等教育法》規定，由中

央、地方主管機關跟各級學校設立性別平等教育教育委員會，組成包含

性別平等專家學者、家長代表及各地方代表共同參與。教育部有部層級

性別平等教育諮詢會，針對性別平等課程教材、師資、政策制定及有性

別事件防治，推動性別平等教育工作。

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（4）無國籍兒少若沒有取得居留證 ARC，到了 18 歲會面臨什麼狀況？

內政部戶政司：無國籍兒少居留部分須請移民署回應。針對無國籍兒少

部分，倘無國籍兒少被我國人收養，循歸化程序即可取得我國籍，繼續

在臺生活，實務上，倘無國籍兒少由社福機構照護，可由社會福利主管

機關代為協助申請歸化。

（5）兒童最佳利益這個原則常受到誤解，針對兒童最佳利益的相關訓練內容

為何？是否注意到第 14 號一般性意見？

衛生福利部社會及家庭署代表：本署出版最佳利益案例彙編，納入福利、司

法、教育、醫療領域，並且透過實務案例分析，引導現場與兒少事務相

關專業人員討論如何處理這些議題，落實兒少最佳利益。

（6）兒少死亡率高，特別是自殺率及交通事故，死因追溯為何只針對 6 歲以

下，而不是 18 歲以下進行死因分析？

⚫ 衛生福利部國民健康署代表：本署依《兒少法》第 13 條規定執行任

務，中央衛生主管機關應進行 6 歲以下兒童死因回溯分析並定期公布

分析結果，探究兒童死亡情境脈絡找到可避免與預防原因，進行兒童

死因回溯分析，提供相關單位預防措施及精進制度，目前推動方式係

以縣市特性，因地制宜發展具效益兒童死因回溯分析模式。

⚫ 院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：補充回應，因為在 6 歲以下的兒

虐較嚴重，另外就是因為生病造成死亡相對高，所以我們先以 6 歲以

下來做試辦。我們也在討論是否提高至 6 歲至 12 歲、或 12 歲至 18 歲。

6 歲以上因車禍或火災、地震導致意外事故比較多，我們也會來思考

是否一起納入。

⚫ 衛生福利部李麗芬政務次長：補充說明，年齡較大兒少可能是意外事

故較高，社會及家庭署與中央健康保險署每季公布在就醫 ICD 10 相關

外部環境因素的分析，可知兒少因車禍、意外、跌落、溺水等原因分

析。

⚫ 教育部代表：補充說明，進入幼兒園、學校體系之後，根據校園安全

需要進行相關通報，通報會有相關死因，針對校園安全事件通報狀況，

每年邀請專家學者進行分析、研究，並會做後續因應。

（7）兒少自殺部分，針對其原因是否有進行研究，了解是否是精神健康問題

或結構性問題，如學校壓力等問題？

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 ⚫ 衛生福利部心理健康司代表：臺灣這 10 年隨工業化、商業化發展及家

庭支持力道降低，可看到兒童、青少年到青年的自殺率緩步上揚。這

5 年大家可看到青年、青少年自殺率突然增加，倘扣除跳樓因素，其

實就沒有這麼明顯，也就是說這 10 年來因為臺灣高樓增加，有青少年、

青年衝動性跳樓，這也是未來防治重點。

⚫ 衛生福利部李麗芬政務次長：補充說明，在心理健康部分，確實看到

少年自殺率提升，可能無法針對死亡個案做自殺原因分析，但可針對

自殺獲救者了解自殺原因，均有進行相關統計與原因分析。

（8）交通事故部分，地方政府是否會被強迫檢查兒童上學的路途安全？

教育部學生事務及特殊教育司代表：行政院治安會報交通安全小組，定

期追蹤兒少交通意外事故，今年啟動道安計畫，全面盤查各級學校附近

危險道路，進行會勘了解事故熱點。就我了解，交通部、內政部有編列

預算，改善路口安全。

（9）有些兒少代表感覺像是菁英兒少，似乎來自某些特定階層兒少？政府進

行法律諮詢時包含兒少，政府如何讓兒少知道政府是因為兒少意見而決

定修正？請提供例子哪些法律或政策因兒少參與而決定修正。

⚫ 衛生福利部社會及家庭署代表：目前兒少代表，不論是地方或中央，

均鼓勵多元處境兒少參與，已有 39 名身心障礙兒少參與，除身心障礙

外，也盡量納入原住民族、新住民家庭、經濟弱勢、有安置經驗的兒

少。另兒少代表在院兒權小組及部兒權均有提案，例如兒少集會結社

自由權，因而將《人民團體法》納入法規檢視清單；另邀請兒少參與

網路霸凌行政措施改善。目前已擇定 64 部與兒少相關法案於 2021 年

至 2024 年進行兒少權利影響評估試辦草案，倘有法案修改，須在第一

階段邀請兒少參與，徵詢兒少意見，法規訂定標準也須有兒少統計基

礎，相信該運作機制能使兒少對攸關自己的法案有表達意見機會。

⚫ 教育部代表：本部有兒少諮詢委員會，尋找兒少代表是廣泛徵求有意

願者，經過投件申請，透過篩選機制，遴選適合兒少，除兼顧區域平

衡，如有偏鄉代表，亦關注兒少身分如身心障礙、原住民、新住民兒

少等。兒少代表關注議題廣泛，包括服儀規範、學生申訴管道、兒少

參與比例、心理健康及營養午餐等。促成修法的例子有《高級中等教

育法》第 25 條，兒少參與校務會議比例不得低於校務會議總人數的八

分之一；修正及增訂學校服儀管理原則及暢通申訴管道。家庭教育部

分，兒少也會關注，例如建議教育部、地方政府在提供家庭教育服務

時，是否特別關注兒少議題等。

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（10） 有無相關措施，讓兒少參與家庭生活？例如家庭教育中的內容鼓勵父母

多聽兒少聲音？家事法庭如何讓兒少表達意見？例如父母離婚或是親權

決策時是否會考慮兒少意見？

司法院代表：父母離婚案件涉及親權行使，兒少表達意見的程序，在

《民法》

、《家事事件法》均已有納入規範。《家事事件法》引進家事調解、

程序監理人、家事調查官等制度，均係維護兒少在家事處理程序中表達

意見的權利，如調解階段，可透過程序監理維護兒少表意權，除委託民

間團體提供訪視報告外，法官亦可以請家事調查官進行調查。父母離婚

案件，須依孩子年齡及身心成長狀況聽取孩子意見，也須考量父母是否

有離間問題或孩子忠誠問題，須在友善的環境下使孩子表達意見。

2. Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

（1）在兒少死因追蹤部分，加州社福體系行之多年，找出兒少有哪些風險情

境，如有些孩子因受虐而死，施虐的父母有無其他孩子，此時也要提供

其他幼兒需要的保護。（意見）

（2）針對兒少表意的問題，關於父母離婚，孩子知道這件事情，但卻沒有聽

到法院有什麼進度，那麼法院是否會主動找孩子詢問意見？並向孩子解

釋為什麼要請孩子來法庭？或是針對不同年齡兒少有不同的出庭安排？

在實務上如何落實孩子在這些事務表達意見的權利？

司法院代表：2012 年《家事事件法》第 106 條已納入相關規定，倘父母

離婚，法院須重視孩子的聽審請求權，孩子是程序中的陳述主體。在

《家事事件法》中，7 歲孩子即有程序能力，法院只要認為有需要，就可

以選任程序監理人，程序監理人有三種不同背景：社工師、心理師、律

師，由法官依案情擇定。實務操作上，法官聽取孩子意見，法庭設有遊

戲室，可在開庭前進行出庭前評估，如嬰兒時期，法官可以透過實際接

觸或是家事調查官提出觀察報告，倘有表達意見能力，法官會請他到法

庭來，但不見得在正式法庭上，可能是在遊戲室，過程中也會有適合陪

同人以加強安全感。出庭前也會做準備，向兒少說明為什麼要請他來法

庭，這個過程會對他未來生活有何改變，或是開庭之後，有專家了解對

其生活有何改變，父母是否有試圖影響他表達意見等。今年 5 月份憲法法

院透過憲判字第 8 號判決，明確要求每個孩子在父母離婚案件中都有程序

主體地位，確保人格健全發展及表達意見的權利。

【第四章-公民權與自由】

1. John Tobin 委員：

（1）臺灣網路使用，網速似乎仍有城鄉差異？身心障礙兒少，特別是視覺障

礙兒少，表達意見及接收資訊時可能會受到阻礙。

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 ⚫ 教育部資訊及科技教育司代表：有關校園網路部分，高級中等教育因

教學需求，各校一般教室無線網路涵蓋率為 100%，校內骨幹網路也達

1Gbps 以上，校外聯外頻寬部分達 300M/bps 以上，大校部分也達

1Gbps 以上，至於偏鄉原鄉地區學校，因環境與都會區有所差異較不

易實施，因此 2021 年請各地方政府就偏遠學校、原鄉因地制宜實施短

期教學方案來降低學生數位受教落差影響。實行線上教學部分，於偏

鄉或教學資源不足地方，補助公共電視台製作教學影片輔導因全國停

止上課無法使用網路造成的差異，用電視頻道輔助中低年級學生上數

學跟國語課等教學影片，解決數位落差問題。

⚫ 教育部代表：教育部於淡江大學成立視障輔具資源中心，提供視障學

生依不同需求，專家學者進行評估，提供相關盲用電腦、輔具及設備，

並請專家學者設計視障學生需要的課程增加其資訊使用能力，倘輔具

與設備無法完全滿足，也會在各校有助理人員，協助視障學生解決使

用電腦的問題。

（2）臺灣兒少如何學習網路使用，不論是表達意見或接收資訊，幾歲時會學

到適當的作法？針對網路安全，相關資訊如何進行分級，如何平衡保護

兒少及培力兒少？如何邀請兒少參與，了解網路法規及正確使用網路？

⚫ 國家通訊傳播委員會代表：NCC 依《兒少法》第 46 條第一項規定，為

防止兒少接觸有害及身心發展的網際網路內容，召集各目的事業主管

機關委託民間團體成立 iWIN 網路內容防護機構。網路內容分級，現由

業者針對其服務自主採取分級機制，家長可在孩子手機設定，過濾不

適齡 APP，避免兒少下載。國內具規模的 OTT 平台會將影音內容分

級，規劃兒少影音專區或類似篩選推薦機制，搭配帳號限制功能供家

長跟兒少參考運用。年齡驗證機制部分，屬防護措施一環，iWIN 製作

例示框架，但目前年齡驗證無強制力法律規定標準，因此 iWIN 持續跟

業者進行自律溝通，研議如何在避免兒少接觸不適齡網路內容前提

下，使業者可採用成年使用者也能接受的年齡驗證機制。iWIN 亦設專

區介紹且定期更新各類免費、付費過濾軟體，包含教育部守護天使 3.0

供家長、教師參考。iWIN 定期整理有害兒少身心網路名單，即黑名

單，提供教育部過濾軟體跟電信業者色情守門員參考納入過濾名單。

iWIN 為促進業者建立自律機制，透過訂定網路有害兒少身心健康內容

防護層級例示框架，使網路平台業者跟民間團體對自律標準跟防護機

制有較具體認知，每年舉辦會議、教育訓練凝聚業者對於自律共識。

iWIN 為提高學生、父母、教師、大眾網路使用安全知識，每年辦理至

少 25 場校園宣導，內容包含網路素養、網路交友、網路霸凌、詐騙防

治、兒少私密照、個資保護、防護工具，並辦理大型宣導活動，持續

在臉書粉絲團整理兒少網路安全議題案例，以多元管道培養兒少網路

安全觀念。

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 ⚫ 數位發展部代表：依《兒少法》授權訂定《遊戲軟體分級管理辦法》 ，

規範遊戲產業，針對遊戲內容進行分級，包含普遍、保護、輔 12、輔

15 歲還有限制級，另外要求業者針對遊戲情節標示警語，限制級部分

另外要求分區分類上架，且網頁須架設過橋頁面。本部會定期進行抽

檢，倘分級不符規定，要求業者改善，每年進行校園宣導，教導兒少

正確使用遊戲觀念，避免接觸不適齡遊戲，亦會結合網路使用安全宣

導。近年持續辦理大型地方宣導活動，教育親子建立正向網路與遊戲

使用觀念，透過辦理兒少表演營隊方式，廣邀中央及地方兒少代表參

與活動、彙整其意見，作為未來法規修正參考。

⚫ 教育部資訊及科技教育司代表：補充說明過濾機制，教育部配合 iWIN

機構，他們所提供的黑名單在校園網際網路同步做內容攔阻系統，

2021 年，阻擋次數達 4 億 990 萬次以上，在學生回到家裡使用網路跟

行動載具部分，與趨勢科技合作，網路守護天使做適當攔阻，2021 年，

軟體下載次數達 9 萬多次。

（3）隱私權問題，為何身體檢查需要檢查私處？兒少是否可以拒絕？是什麼

樣的狀況讓學校可以採取這樣的檢查？如果父母跟兒少意見不同時，針

對這些檢查可以怎麼處理？健康檢查是所有的學校都有嗎？還是只到 12

歲？

教育部代表：教育部訂定《學生健康檢查實施辦法》，考量學生白天校上

課，學生如果個別至醫療院所會受限家長時間，或有偏鄉醫療差異問

題，在臺灣由政府統一協助安排學校每年做一次兒少健康檢查。學校健

康檢查訂有學校健康檢查知情同意與隱私權保障同意原則，健康檢查

前，家長須簽訂同意書，同意書說明健康檢查項目及程序、日期、時間

及注意事項，會請家長充分了解且與子女討論，腹部、泌尿器官等私密

檢查，家長須在該項目勾選，學校拿到同意書才會安排學生進行健康檢

查。家長或學生不同意可拒絕，則交由家長自行帶至醫療院所自行檢

查。教育部並訂有學生健康檢查工作手冊，當兒少進行私密部位檢查時

一定要有保護遮蔽簾，且檢查區學生一進、一出，除了醫護人員外只有

一名兒少，健康檢查資料每年回饋家長，及早預防疾病。教育部訂有國

中小學生健康檢查實施計畫，實施至 15 歲。

（4）有關個人隱私保護，學校、政府使用學生資訊，如何確保學生保護自己

的隱私權？

（未有答復）

2. Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic 委員：

（1）臺灣擅長蒐集統計數據，國家報告及問題清單回復有許多圖表、表格，

雖反映架構與組織能力，但我所關切的是，請問這些統計數據，由誰來

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 研究分析及評估？是大學？還是專門的研究機構？這些資料的用途為何？是

否有進行科學研究來善用統計數據，進行比較及評估？

⚫ 衛生福利部中央健康保險署代表：全民健康保險資料庫，學者或機構

可提出研究計畫，透過申請機制向本署申請，經委員評估資料可行，

即提供環境進行研究，原則上資料不落地，學者須將資料帶至封閉空

間做研究，只將結果帶出，而不能將個別資料帶出，以保護民眾隱私。

⚫ 院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：行政院補充說明，我國有國家衛

生研究院，專門對健康議題，裡面有關於兒童醫療及福利的小組。另

外一個單位為科學委員會，有兩個大型長程資料庫，針對教育及家庭

資料進行蒐集，由大學學者提出申請，國家補助學者進行研究，研究

報告除在國際發表外，研究結論也作為提醒政府政策的趨勢。

（2）這些研究是否有出版物或呈現研究結果？學生如果想知道相關資料是否

可以在國內找到相關刊物？

⚫ 院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：這些結果發表在國際及國內，均

為公開資料。有些研究是為了政策推動而進行，結論就會回饋到政策

的措施。

⚫ 衛生福利部社會及家庭署代表：政府各部門會針對自己執掌的業務做

研究，研究結果會放在政府研究資訊系統，就是 Government Research

Bulletin，我們在制定政策或學者對此議題非常關切，均可上資訊網查

詢。

3. Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：統計數據如何改變臺灣的法令跟政策？

⚫ 衛生福利部保護服務司代表：臺灣長期針對兒少遭受虐待有相關統計，

分析受虐樣態或兩造關係，因而從數據發現，嚴重個案需要各單位如醫

院、警察、司法法院、檢察官及社工早介入，因此修正《兒少法》。另有

關死因回溯，亦從長期追蹤數據了解嚴重致死案件都是年齡較小兒童，

也在法律上加入 6 歲兒少死因分析。此外，亦發現兒虐需要及早預防，因

而在社會安全網將二級、一級工作布建於社區。透過實務的數據分析了

解趨勢，進而進行政策改變。

⚫ 教育部代表：教育部針對兒少發生傷亡前五大因素發展五個重要安全教

育教材：交通、溺水、防墜、防災、食品藥物安全，要求學校融入課程

運用，減少事故發生。並有長期追蹤中輟學生人數，了解中輟率及復學

率，追蹤中輟原因，倘為個人因素則強化輔導人力，包含輔導老師、心

理師、社工師及學生輔導諮商中心人力；倘為家庭因素則與社政資源聯

繫，協助家庭功能強化；倘為經濟因素則媒合較安全穩定的工作機會。

教育部善用各種兒少統計資料回饋至政策上。

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4. Laura Lundy 委員：兒童權利影響評估，是只有在您（衛生福利部）的部會有

在做？還是各部會一起做？

衛生福利部社會及家庭署代表：各部會都有做，剛才提及的是我們正在進行

試辦計畫，召開諮詢小組，邀請民間團體及專家學者，共同挑出 64 部法案，

多屬於衛福部、教育部職掌法案，其他部會也有。權利影響評估試做完畢之

後會再進行檢討修正。

5. Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：貴國憲法法庭決定，在父母離婚訴訟的案件中，兒

童也要作為當事人之一，假設我是 12 歲的孩子，法院做了許多的調停，最後

決定我跟著媽媽，如果我不喜歡法院的決定，作為訴訟的當事人之一，我可

以申訴嗎？

司法院代表：

《家事事件法》引進兒少有程序聽審權，並有程序監理人制度，程

序監理人會與兒童會談了解其意見，可向法院表達兒少意見，聲明不服，兒

少也可以自己提出意見。程序監理人不限於層級，地方法院做成決定，倘到

了二審高等法院，也可以為孩子的利益表達其意見，也就是兒少可以向法院

的決定表達任何意見。

6. Nigel Cantwell 委員：

（1）身分權（公約 7、8 條）部分，有關無國籍兒少，針對無國籍兒少取得國

籍的問題，想釐清政府實際上採取哪些行動？政府剛剛的答覆是”May”，

想釐清是政府「得」這麼做？「獲准」這麼做？還是「會」這麼做？

內政部代表：首先說明，非本國籍兒少不等於無國籍兒少，倘兒少父母

具有外國國籍，該兒少具有該國身分。所謂無國籍兒少，實務上倘兒少

身分無法認定，會請內政部協尋生父或生母，倘協尋未果，本部會協助

認定為無國籍人，認定為無國籍兒少者，透過收養，可歸化為我國籍，

倘未被收養無國籍兒少，社會福利主管機關基於兒少最佳利益會協助申

請歸化我國籍。

（2） 倘孩子確實為無國籍兒少，內政部還有地方政府「會」協助，而不「得」協

助，對嗎？

內政部代表：地方政府與本部會協助無國籍人取得身分。

（3）透過捐精卵者、代孕生產的兒童，就我所知，即使在臺代孕非法，但的

確有些兒童透過代孕生產，我想應是透過海外代理孕母生產，這些兒少

的法律地位為何？出生登記、家庭關係、與代理孕母的關係？是否可自

動取得臺灣國籍、居住權？即便這是一個假設性的問題，如果臺灣發生

非法代孕，該兒少的身分、地位為何？

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 ⚫ 內政部代表：國籍與戶籍是兩個不同概念，父母雙方任一方為我國籍

人，即為我國籍人，具有我國籍。兒少在國內出生，可依醫院開立出

生證明至戶政出生登記；兒少在國外出生，則為初設戶籍登記，該程

序為入境臺灣後，取得定居許可，才能至戶政登記。倘國人在海外透

過代孕生產的小孩，臺灣不承認代孕，但實務上，國人生下小孩後，

依國外法院判決做身分認定，或提出相關行政機關開具文件證明，即

可循前開規定辦理初設戶籍登記。

⚫ 衛生福利部國民健康署代表：補充說明，依《人工生殖法》沒有開放

國內代孕，這部分有納入研議與討論，惟涉及《民法》親屬相關議題，

尚在進行修法中。

⚫ 法務部代表：本部會配合國民健康署跟學者專家研議結果及政府採行

政策，提供法制作業意見及進行法制作業部分。

（4）透過代理孕母生產的小孩（如果是代理孕母來到臺灣，或是由他的父母

帶進來，或是透過其他方法送到臺灣），潛在的問題在於，這孩子的身分

如何認定？是否可以在不受歧視的狀況下，受到 CRC 所保障的權利的保

護？

（未有答復）

（5）經過捐精卵者生產的兒童，在臺灣無法取得原生家庭的資訊，除非後來

被收養或結婚才能取得親等關聯資料，為什麼這些兒少不被允許取得關

於身世的資訊？他們如何取得自己身世的資料？國際上經捐精卵者生產

的兒童目前站出來要求知道自己的身世，他們越來越在乎是否可取得身

世資料，而不需要其他條件規範。

內政部代表：這部分原則上不是本部的業務。實務上，要取得戶籍資料

時，必須要有一定的利害關係，這應該跟是不是有代孕這部分沒有太大

的關係。

7. Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：我再講得更具體一點，倘臺灣夫婦透過合約至泰國

找孕母，根據泰國法院或相關單位取得相關出生證明，孩子的生母是代母的

名字，這對臺灣夫婦回臺灣後希望在本地的出生證明或戶籍證明上登記他們

夫婦為孩子父母，這時候是否有法律禁止他們做這樣的登記？

內政部代表：法院認定的母親不是國人的母親，當他拿法院的資料回臺灣時，

無法在臺灣的戶籍上登記為國人所生的小孩。倘依據國外法院認定代孕所生

的子女，國人是他的父母時，那我們可以依據法院判決認定他的父母就是國

人，但如果法院認定這個小孩母親是代孕者的話，這個部分無法將孩子的母

親改為國人。

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8. Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：大部分國家都有規定，生下孩子的人就是母親，但

是也有可能他們透過收養的方式，在當地這個孩子由兩個臺灣人收養，也有

法庭的令狀肯定收養關係，那麼這樣的父母是否可以在臺灣登記這個孩子是

他們的孩子？

內政部代表：如果國外完成收養程序，國內可以認可這樣的身分關係。

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 Meeting Minutes

【Chapter 1 General Measures of Implementation】

1. Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic:

（1）The report mentioned that some regulations are still under review. Have you

completed the review of all regulations from the perspective of the CRC? Also,

could you please briefly explain the motivation to stipulate “The Protection of

Children and Youths Welfare and Rights Act”? It seems a bit different from

similar acts of other countries.

Secretariat of Executive Yuan’s Child’s Right Group, Ministry of Health and

Welfare（Social and Family Affairs Administration）：

⚫ Regarding the review of regulations, we made a priority list of laws and

regulations to be reviewed according to Article 9 of the Implementation Act

of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in November 2015. From 2016

to 2018, we asked governments of all levels to review regulations under their

jurisdiction to see if these regulations are in line with the CRC. Basically, the

review procedure and revisions have been completed. In 2021, to comply

with the Two Conventions, we asked for a second review of all regulations.

After the review, regulations in 9 Acts have been highlighted and 12 Articles

are related to children’s rights. In total, 52 Regulations have been reviewed

in the two rounds and 75 Articles are related to children’s rights. All

regulations that need to be re-examined have been submitted to the Child

Rights Group of the Executive Yuan. At present, regulations of 8 Acts and 13

Articles still need to be amended. The amendment proposals were sent back

to the Executive Yuan for a second review by the Legislative Yuan, so the

amendments were not completed in time.

⚫ In 2011, the Protection of Children and Youths Welfare and Rights Act was

amended to comply with the spirit of the CRC. Since 2011, the Act has gone

through 10 revisions to include issues like child protection, low birth rate, a

friendly environment for child-rearing, and cybersecurity protection

mechanisms. Legislators have also paid attention the content of the Act by

adding more articles. At present, we are reviewing the overall framework of

the Act to include more CRC rights, including general measures for

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 implementation, participation of children, civil rights, freedom, identity

rights, cultural rights, family rights, protection measures and alternative care,

bullying and corporal punishments, mental health and suicide prevention,

missing children and family welfare service, and consultation for risk

exposure teenagers. We will also integrate the social security network and

reporting channels of vulnerable families. The overall framework will be

adjusted according to the CRC state report, and there will be open hearings

in the future to communicate with NGOs.

（2）The National Action Plan for Children has not been confirmed but separate

sectoral plans are available. Why is it that an overall plan is not drafted? Please

elaborate

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group: At present,

we have included all related UN Conventions in the National Human Rights

Action Plan, which includes CRC and CRPD and covers anti-discrimination,

fairness, equality, and protection measures for vulnerable groups. We’ll start

with the National Human Rights Action Plan. Provisions in relation to the CRC

will be incorporated later.

（3）Coordination is crucial. Is the Child Rights Group a permanent agency? Having

a meeting every four months doesn’t seem sufficient. How does the Child Rights

Group work?

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group: Following

relevant regulations, Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group meets once every four

months, but we do meet on an ad hoc basis or meet to discuss specific issues. For

example, we met many times to discuss child care related issues for children aged

from 0 to two years old, and children aged from two to six years old. Such

meetings involve groups from different ministries, including Ministry of

Education and Ministry of Health and Welfare, so we met multiple times. Besides,

after we included the issue of sexual abuse of children in the social security

network, we met more than 10 times in one year to find out the root causes of the

problems; understand the implementation strategies of local governments;

revisions of relevant laws by the central government and budget for subsidies.

There is staff dedicated to handling issues related to the Child Rights Group in

both Ministry of Health and Welfare and the Office of the Minister without

Portfolio.

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（4）Please explain the child budget, specifically how it is allocated and how it

operates. Have you gone through complete coordination for the allocation? Is

the budget sufficient?

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group: Budget is a

matter of allocation, and the budget for children has been increasing over time.

For example, the budget has been increased to nearly 100 billion NT dollars to

have more public childcare centers. We can’t build so many public child centers

immediately, so we introduce quasi-public preschools, hoping to increase the

number of public or quasi-public childcare centers, creating a new model in

Taiwan. In addition, some NGOs mentioned that the budget for “development”

is relatively low. The government has noticed this issue and thus Ministry of

Education and Ministry of Culture have increased the relevant budget.

（5）Regarding international cooperation, we’re glad to see that Taiwan supports

children from other countries. We are interested to know if you have the

opportunity to better understand the content of the CRC and its optional

protocols. We would recommend that Taiwan adopt the optional protocols as

well.

⚫ Ministry of the Interior（National Immigration Agency）: Regarding

international cooperation, at present, we have signed agreements and MOU

related to human trafficking prevention and immigration with 22 countries to

build a cooperative network. We sent delegations to attend seminars

organized by different countries. Taiwan also organizes workshops on human

trafficking prevention every year, inviting experts from home and abroad to

share their experiences.

⚫ Ministry of Foreign Affairs: For Ministry of Foreign Affairs, one of the key

points of intentional cooperation is resource sharing and our program of

humanitarian aid. To acquire expertise on CRC, we support groups working

with children in Taiwan, such as schools and children themselves to visit

other countries or we invite schools to conduct international exchanges.

（6）Is NHRC taking the lead on the promotion of children’s rights? Can NHRC

investigate violations of children’s rights? How do you deal with complaint cases?

（No response）

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（7）Regarding the training program, we’d like to know what is the contents of

“training and education lesson”? Where are teachers trained? Is it included in

regular training in the teachers’ academy, or is it a short course after teachers

have obtained teaching certificates? What is the training content? Please

elaborate on the content of such training.

Ministry of Education（K12 Education Administration）: CRC Training

Academy was established in 2018 to train the trainers for CRC and promote CRC

by organizing capacity-building camps and workshops. The “CRC pamphlet for

educators” helps teachers at schools to better understand the content of CRC with

case studies. Subsidies are provided to local governments to organize training

programs to build teachers’ professional competency. Up until now, in senior

high schools or below, 89.37% of teachers and 98.18% of principals have

received CRC training. Pre-job training programs have included human right

education, including how to incorporate the content of the CRC into education

courses. We also encourage colleges and universities to offer courses. By 2021,

37 colleges and universities and 173 departments and graduate institutes have

offered human rights courses. A total of 9,806 student teachers have completed

pre-job training.

（8）In terms of access to justice and complaint mechanisms, there are different

complaint mechanisms in medical systems, schools, and accommodation

facilities, but these mechanisms do not seem to serve the purpose as children

rarely make complaints through these mechanisms. There is no research

comparing the numbers of incidents and complaints. Children have experienced

violence and abuse, but no complaints have been filed.

⚫ Secretariat of Executive Yuan’s Child’s Right Group, Ministry of Health and

Welfare（Social and Family Affairs Administration）: The Child Rights

Group has asked executive authorities to self-review their complaint

mechanism using the six criteria of confidentiality, accessibility, transparency,

protection, independence, and instant. The executive authorities are required

to consult with children and the NGOs and if those criteria have not been met,

they need to amend according to recommendations provided by children and

NGOs. In terms of the complaint mechanism in placement facilities, a three-

tier complaint mechanism is available. We have asked all placement facilities

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 to set up an internal complaint mechanism; county and city governments

should set up an external complaint mechanism; the central government

offers a mechanism to re-file the complaint. Both children and stakeholders

can file complaints. Accordingly, in 2020, there were 97 complaints in

placement facilities, most of which were filed through internal complaint

mechanisms. There were very few cases of complaints, so in 2020 we

changed the mechanism for re-filing complaints. At present, the number of

complaints has been on the rise.

⚫ Ministry of Health and Welfare（Department of Protective Services）:

Regarding the safety and protection of children, anyone can report the case

by reporting on the website of E-care, and by using the 113 Hotline. Medical

professionals, educators, police officers, childcare staff, and leaders in

neighborhoods are obligated to report the mistreatment of children and youth,

including physical and mental abuse, sexual abuse, and sexual exploitation.

Such incidents should be reported within 24 hours of discovery.

⚫ Ministry of Education（K12 Education Administration）: Regarding the

mechanism to file for an appeal on campus, on May 26th, 2021, the

Legislative Yuan amended Article 54 of the Senior High School Education

Act, stipulating the appeal and re-appeal procedures for students. Our

administration has drafted “the Regulation Governing the Establishment and

Operation of High School Student Appeals and Re-appeals Review

Committee”. If a student or a self-governed student organization believes that

disciplinary actions or other measures adopted by a school affect their rights,

they can submit a written appeal within 30 days after receiving notification

of the disciplinary actions or measures. If they are not satisfied with the

appeal response, they can submit the appeal again to the re-appeal committee

in the competent authority within 30 days after receiving the school’s appeal

response. If they are not happy with appeal response from the authority, they

can submit the appeal to the executive court within two months after

receiving the response from the competent authority. Students of elementary

schools can file or re-file complaints through their legal representatives. The

procedures are independent and confidential. Information regarding how to

submit appeals can be seen on school websites and student brochures to raise

awareness.

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 ⚫ Ministry of Justice（Agency of Corrections）: In terms of complaints in the

correctional system, if children and juveniles are not satisfied with any

disciplinary action or management measure, they can file complaints

according to the Prison Act, and the Detention Act. Regarding the complaint

procedures, an independent review committee consists of experts and

external impartial members has been established to handle complaints. The

procedures are friendly to children and youth. They can file complaints in a

written or verbal form, or have their attorneys or legal representatives file

complaints for them. All complaints are kept confidential. Upon entering the

correction institutions, children are given lectures on their rights to file

complaints and procedures to file complaints. Such information is also

included in a handbook for them. In addition to filing complaints to the staff

in the correction institutions, children can also file complaints to external

inspectors, counselors, social workers, judges of juvenile courts or juvenile

probation officers. At present, we are working to amend the Enforcement

Rules of Juvenile Correction Institutions. We have held 61 meetings and we

will include juvenile correction schools and juvenile detention house in the

enforcement rules.

⚫ Judicial Yuan（Family and Juvenile Department）: Regarding access to

justice, in addition to emphasizing providing a friendly judicial environment

for children on a cognitive level, all courts and judges governed by the

Judicial Yuan pay attention to preparatory procedures to help children

understand their roles in court. In the court, professional social workers will

accompany the children and youth to guarantee their rights to express

opinions. In particular, after the Judicial Yuan issued J.Y. Interpretation No.

805, we pay special attention to children victims’ rights to express their

opinions. In the past two years, we have added several measures to create a

friendly judicial environment for children to attend the court. Children with

mental or physical disabilities can express their opinions with the support of

experts.

2.Jakob Egbert Doek: How do you select the five representatives of children in the

Child Rights Group?

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 Ministry of Health and Welfare（Social and Family Affairs Administration）: The

Central Children and Youth Delegation （CCYD）in the central government are

chosen from local children and youth representatives. In 2019, the Guidelines for

Selection of CCYD was established, so local governments can choose one to three

children representatives through an election. Each term is two years. 2020 was the

time the CCYD was established and so 2020 was considered the pilot. The first term

of the 60 children representatives of the first Delegation is 2021（1/1/2021-

12/31/2022.） The 2nd term （1/1/2023-12/31/2022） involves 62 representatives.

CCYD are divided into three groups. Five representatives from each group will

attend three cross-sectoral meetings in the central government, respectively. These

three meetings are the Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group, the Child Rights Group

of Ministry of Health and Welfare, and The Children and Youth’s Accident and

Injury Prevention Task Force. Children representatives would raise issues and bring

proposals concerned by the three groups to the meetings. In addition to the three

meetings, we also hope that when the issues of children are discussed in the Judicial

Yuan, the Legislative Yuan, and the Control Yuan, the representatives from the

Delegation can be invited. Besides, as a response to the expectations of children and

youth representatives, we have invited all ministries and committees to jointly

organize a platform meeting especially for children from 2019 and 2022, where

children can submit their proposals, and governmental agencies respond to their

proposals.

【Chapter 2 Definitions of The Child】

No questions or comments

【Chapter 3 General Principles】

1. Laura Lundy:

（1）Are there any domestic laws related to discrimination? For example, if an

indigenous girl believes that she has been discriminated against, what could she

do under this law?

Executive Yuan（Department of Transitional Justice and Human Rights）: In

the areas of employment and education, non-discrimination rules to protect

specific groups or gender, including people with disabilities, are found in

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 different laws and regulations. However, laws for intersectionality

discrimination and discrimination in specific fields are insufficient. Therefore,

to respond to this problem, the National Human Rights Action Plan will draft a

comprehensive law for equity. We are taking inventory of relevant laws and

regulations. Later, we will also collect opinions by consulting all stakeholders.

We expect to propose the draft by 2024.

（2）Regarding your data on children and youth, we see categories by gender,

indigenous identity, and types of disabilities. Do you collect such data on a

regular basis? Do you have sub-categories for children with disabilities? Is

LGBTI children included in the data?

⚫ Ministry of Education（Department of Student Affairs and Special

Education）: We collect data on special education every year. For students

with disabilities, we publish annual statistical reports of special education

regularly covering different education levels, gender, and degrees of

disability. We are also planning to release both English and Chinese versions

of the reports on our website so more people will be informed of related

information.

⚫ Ministry of Health and Welfare（Social and Family Affairs

Administration）: We have built a database system with disability evaluation

and needs assessment to collect data by categories of disability, age, service

and needs. The data in the early intervention service system is linked to

Ministry of Education and Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of

Health and Welfare.

⚫ Ministry of Health and Welfare（National Health Insurance

Administration）: The National Health Insurance has 27 years of national

health data. The data is categorized in accordance with ICD（International

Classification of Disease）9 or ICD10 and the categorization of mental and

physical disabilities provided by the Social and Family Affairs

Administration. The data include age groups, counties and cities.

⚫ Executive Yuan（Gender Equity Committee）: In 2006, Taiwan began to

promote mainstreaming of gender, and Ministries and Agencies were guided

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 to collect gender-related data. In the Executive Yuan, we also have a gender

database, and we’ve been guiding Ministries and Agencies to compare

statistics on gender, age, disabilities, and ethnicity. We perform site visits in

various ministries and agencies every two years to gain a better

understanding of gender statistics and relevant subcategories. Survey of

LGBTI is more sensitive, therefore, this year we commissioned professional

groups to conduct an anonymous questionnaire to explore LGBTI groups’

conditions in terms of education, employment, and challenges in life.

（3）Regarding the questions of supervising the quality of gender education in schools,

and how we ensure that the content is of high quality?

Ministry of Education（Department of Student Affairs and Special Education）:

According to the Gender Equity Education Act, to promote gender equality

education, we have set up a gender equality education committee in the central

government, in local governments and in schools. The committee is composed

of experts and scholars of gender equity, parent representatives and local

representatives. Ministry of Education has ministerial-level gender equity

education advisory committee to give advice on teaching material of gender

equality, qualifications of teachers, policies, and prevention of gender incidents.

（4）What would happen if a stateless child doesn’t get an ARC（Alien Residence

Certificate）when he or she turns 18?

Ministry of the Interior（Department of Household Registration）: We will ask

the National Immigration Agency to respond to the question of ARC of stateless

children. If a stateless child has not been adopted by citizens of Taiwan, they can

follow the naturalization process to get citizenship to remain in the ROC. In fact,

if a stateless child is taken care of by a social welfare organization, the competent

authorities of social welfare can help the child to apply for naturalization.

（5）The principle of the best interests of the child is often misunderstood. What is

the content of training on protecting the best interests of children? Are you aware

of No. 14 of the General Comments from the Review Committee?

Ministry of Health and Welfare（Social and Family Affairs Administration）:

The Administration published a compilation of cases regarding the best interests

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 of children, covering welfare, justice, education, and health care. There are also

case studies to guide professionals working with children to discuss how to

address those issues and consider children’s best interests.

（6）The mortality rate of children is high, particularly in the number of suicide and

traffic accidents. Why is it that the analysis of the cause of death only focuses on

children under the age of six, instead of children under 18?

⚫ Ministry of Health and Welfare（Health Promotion Administration）: In

accordance with Article 13 of the Protection of Children and Youths Welfare

and Rights Act, the central health authority should conduct retrospective

analyses of the deaths of children under six and publish the results of analyses

on a regular basis. By exploring the contextual causes of the deaths of

children, preventive measures can be adopted for improvement. The analysis

of the death cause is presented to related agencies so that they can take

preventive measures. Currently, the characteristics of locality are taken into

account so that the solutions can be location sensitive.

⚫ Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan Child Rights Group: I would like

to add something. Analysis of children under six is considered our pilot

program because children under six are more vulnerable to child abuse and

deaths caused by illness are relatively high. We are discussing whether to

raise the age to children aged between six and 12, 12 and 18, or to children

under 18. For children above the age of six, it is possible that their cause of

death will be car accidents, fire, or earthquake, but we will consider including

the data of children under 18.

⚫ Lee Li-Feng, Deputy Minister of Ministry of Health and Welfare: I would

also like to add. Older children may be more likely to encounter accidents.

Both the Social and Family Affairs Administration and the National Health

Insurance Administration published quarterly analyses of external factors in

accordance with the International Classification of Disease（ICD ）10, and

so we know the causes of death of children and youth may include car

accidents, accidents, falls, or drowning.

⚫ Ministry of Education: I would also like to add something. Once a child

enters kindergartens and schools, schools are required to submit reports on

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 school safety, which include the cause of death. Those reports are analyzed

and studied by invited experts and scholars every year to provide

recommendations on follow-up measures.

（7）Regarding child suicide, I would like to know what research has been undertaken

on the issue. Can you tell if their suicides are caused by mental health issues or

structural issues such as academic stress?

⚫ Ministry of Health and Welfare（Department of Mental Health）: Children’s

suicide rate has been rising slowly for the past 10 years in Taiwan due to

industrialization, commercial development, and less family support. We can

see a spike in the suicide rate of young people over the past five years. Most

suicides result from jumping off high-rise buildings. It is believed that an

increase in high-rise buildings goes hand in hand with the high suicide rate

among the youth. We will also address such problems in the future.

⚫ Lee Li-Feng, Deputy Minister, Ministry of Health and Welfare: I would like

to add something. Regarding the issue of mental health, even though we can

see that the suicide rate of young people is indeed on the rise, we may not be

able to analyze the causes in each individual case. However, we can learn

from survivors of attempted suicide to understand why they choose to

commit suicide. We have collected relevant data and conducted the analysis.

（8）Regarding traffic accidents, is it mandatory for local governments to verify safe

routes for children to go to school?

Ministry of Education（Department of Student Affairs and Special Education）:

The Road Safety Task Force of the Executive Yuan Meeting on Public Safety

tracks traffic accidents among children and youth regularly. This year, a road

safety program was initiated to check dangerous roads near schools and

investigate areas where accidents are prone to happen. From my understanding,

both Ministry of Transportation and Communications and Ministry of the

Interior earmarked budgets to improve intersection safety.

（9）Some children and youth representatives feel like coming from an elite group.

Are they selected from a particular class? The government needs to consult

children and youth to draft laws. How does the government make sure children

understand that the laws are amended because of their opinions? Please cite some

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examples to show which laws or policies are amended because children’s

opinions are considered.

⚫ Ministry of Health and Welfare（Social and Family Affairs

Administration）: We encourage both the central government and local

governments to include children and youth representatives from diverse

backgrounds. Currently, there are 39 children representatives with disabilities.

Apart from children with disability, we try our best to include children who

are aboriginals or new immigrants, children from poor families, or children

with placement experience. What’s more, children and youth representatives

have brought proposals to the Child’s Right Group in the Executive Yuan and

the Children’s Rights Promotion Group of Ministry of Health and Welfare.

For instance, children have asked for assembly rights, so we included the

Social Associations Act in the list of laws to be reviewed. Children and youth

representatives are also invited to express their opinions on how to improve

administrative measures to prevent cyberbullying. From 2021 to 2024, we

have been conducting a trial project to assess the impact on children’s rights

by picking 64 Acts related to children and youth. If any of the 64 Acts requires

revision, children should be consulted in the first phase. The law also

stipulates the minimum number of opinions collected from children and

youth. We believe that this mechanism will make sure that children and youth

can have a say in laws that may affect their rights.

⚫ Ministry of Education: Ministry of Education has an advisory committee

consisting of children and youth. Children with the intention to become a

member of the committee can submit their applications. Suitable candidates

are selected through a screening mechanism and the selection will consider

regional balance and children’s different backgrounds. Hence, we have

children representatives from remote areas, as well as children with disability,

aboriginal children, and children from new immigrant families. Children and

youth representatives are concerned about a wide range of issues, including

dress code, grievance and appeal procedures, child participation rate, mental

health, school lunch, etc. Examples of where children’s opinions have led to

amendments include Article 25 of the Senior High School Education Act,

which stipulates that the proportion of children participating in school affairs

meetings shall not be less than one-eighth of total participants. The principles

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 for dress code management and grievance procedures are also amended and

added. Children are also concerned about family education. They would ask

whether Ministry of Education and local governments pay attention to issues

concerning children when providing family education services.

（10） Are there measures in place to ensure children’s engagement in family life? For

example, does family education encourages parents to listen to their children?

How does the family court let children express their opinions? If the parents

are getting divorced or fighting over parental rights, will the court take the

children’s opinions into consideration?

Judicial Yuan: For divorce cases that involve parental rights or custody, the

Civil Code and the Family Act have both stipulated the procedures for children

to express their opinions. The Family Act stipulates mediation on family

matters, guardian ad litem, and family matter investigator to protect children’s

rights to expression in family matters cases. During mediation, children’s rights

to express their opinions will be protected through procedural supervision. In

addition to commissioning civil groups to provide visit reports, judges can also

request family matter investigators to conduct investigations. When we listen

to children’s opinions in divorce cases, we need to consider children’s age as

well as physical and mental conditions. We also need to consider if parents have

tried to sabotage the other party’s relationship with the child or ask the child to

be on his/her side. A friendly environment shall be created for children to

express their opinions.

2. Jakob Egbert Doek:

（1）About children’s cause of death, the social welfare system in California has

accumulated many years of experience to find risk factors. For instance, if a child

died of abuse, we need to check if the abusive parents have other children

because we also need to protect those children who are at risk. （Remarks）

（2）Regarding children’s rights to express their opinions, if children know that their

parents are getting divorced, but they do not really know what is happening in

court, will the court take the initiative to ask for children’s opinions? Will the

court explain to the children why they are brought to court? Are there different

arrangements for children of different ages to appear before a court? In practice,

how do you ensure children exercise their rights to express themselves in such

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 matters?

Judicial Yuan: In 2012, Article 106 of the Family Act mandated that the court

shall respect children’s rights to court hearings if parents are getting divorced

because children are deemed as a party to the legal proceedings. According to

the Family Act, children over the age of seven have the capacity to represent

themselves in the proceedings. Therefore, the court may appoint a guardian ad

litem if necessary. Social workers, psychologists and lawyers can serve as

guardians ad litem. Judges can decide who to appoint based on the circumstances.

In practice, judges do listen to children’s opinions. There are playrooms in the

courtrooms where pre-trial assessments will be conducted. If the children are

babies, judges can observe by interacting with the children or request family

matter investigators to submit observation reports. If children can express their

opinions, judges may ask them to come to court, but not necessarily in a formal

court. They could be in a playroom. Accompanying officials will be around to

make children feel more secure. There will be some preparations before children

appear in court. For example, the court will explain to the children why they are

brought to the court and how it will change their future lives. After the court

session, experts are to figure out how children’s lives have changed and whether

their parents try to deny their rights to express their opinions. This May, the

Constitutional Court has specified clearly in the Summary of TCC Judgement

111-Hsien-Pan-8（2022） that children should be deemed as a party to the legal

proceedings in divorce cases, and their best interests and rights to expression

should be protected.

【Chapter 4 Civil Rights and Freedoms】

1. John Tobin:

（1）In Taiwan, it seems that there is a divide between urban and rural areas in terms

of Internet speed. Disabled children are most affected, especially those with

visual impairments. Their abilities to express opinions and receive information

may be impeded.

⚫ Ministry of Education（Department of Information and Technology

Education）: Regarding access to the Internet at schools, the wireless

network coverage rate for classrooms in each school is 100% and the campus

backbone network is more than 1Gbps to meet the demand of teaching for

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 secondary education. The Internet speed off-campus is more than 300M/bps,

and the Internet speed for large schools is more than 1Gbps. For schools in

remote and rural areas, it is not easy to install Internet infrastructure because

of the environment. Therefore, in 2021, local governments are asked to

implement short-term teaching programs for schools in rural and remote

areas in accordance with local conditions to reduce the impact of the digital

divide on students’ learning progress. In areas where there are insufficient

resources for online teachings, such as remote areas, we subsidize the Public

Television Service （PTD）to produce educational videos to help bridge the

digital divide between urban and rural areas due to school closures. With the

help of TV channels, students can take math and mandarin classes by

watching videos on TV.

⚫ Ministry of Education: Ministry of Education has established the Center of

Resources for the Visually Impaired at Tamkang University to meet the

varying needs of visually impaired students. Braille computers, aids, and

equipment are provided after experts and scholars conducted assessments.

Experts and scholars also designed courses for visually impaired students to

increase their ability to apply information technology. If aids and equipment

cannot satisfy students’ needs, there will be assistants at each school to help

visually impaired students with computer problems.

（2）How do children in Taiwan learn to use the Internet to express opinions or

receive information? At what age do they learn the appropriate ways to use the

Internet? How is information on the Internet rated to protect and empower

children? How to invite children to participate and learn about regulations related

to the Internet and how to properly use the Internet?

⚫ National Communications Commission: According to Paragraph 1 of Article

46 of the Protection of Children and Youths Welfare and Rights Act,

competent authority shall entrust civil groups to establish the Institute of

Watch Internet Network （iWIN）to prevent children and youth from

accessing the Internet contents that are harmful to their physical and mental

health. In terms of the rating system for Internet content, Internet service

providers are free to adopt their own rating systems. Parents can use the

settings in children’s cell phones to screen inappropriate applications and

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 prevent them from downloading inappropriate content. Large-scale OTT

platforms in Taiwan will rate the content of videos and set up an exclusive

video area for children or recommendation systems. Such services are

available to both parents and children by using parental controls on each

account. Age verification systems are part of the protective measures. iWIN

has created an exemplary framework, but at present, it is not legally

mandatory for operators to set up an age verification system. Therefore,

iWIN continues to communicate with service providers for better self-

regulation. We’ve been discussing how to set up a feasible age verification

system that can prevent children from accessing inappropriate Internet

content and one that is acceptable to adult users. iWIN has also set up a

special area on its website to regularly update information on various free

and paid screening software, such as the Network Guardian Angels 3.0

promoted by Ministry of Education for parents’ and teachers’ reference.

iWIN regularly makes a list of websites that are harmful to children’s

physical and mental health, i.e. a blacklist. The blacklist will be provided to

Ministry of Education and telecommunication operators, so those websites

can be screened through applications and Internet Porno Gatekeeper. To

encourage service providers to establish self-regulatory mechanisms, iWIN

has set up a demonstration framework to restrict children’s access to harmful

content with rating systems. We hope that the framework will help service

providers and civil groups have a better understanding of self-regulatory

standards and protection mechanisms. We also hold annual meetings and

educational training to help service providers to reach a consensus on self-

regulation. To help students, parents, teachers and the public better

understand Internet safety, iWIN holds at least 25 campus awareness sessions

each year, covering a wide range of topics such as internet literacy, online

dating, cyberbullying, fraud prevention, intimate photos of children, personal

data protection, and protection tools. iWIN also holds large-scale campaign

activities and shares case studies regarding cybersecurity issues for children

on their Facebook fan page. We aim to educate children on how to use the

Internet safely through multiple channels.

⚫ Ministry of Digital Affairs: In accordance with the Protection of Children and

Youths Welfare and Rights Act, the Game Software and Rating Management

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 Regulations is enacted to regulate the gaming industry to divide gaming

software into five ratings: General Public, Protected, Parental Guidance 12,

Parental Guidance 15, and Restricted. In addition, gaming software providers

are required to put up warning statements on different game scenarios.

Restricted contents are to be sold separately under different categorizations,

and doorway pages must also be built. Ministry of Digital Affairs conducts

regular spot checks and asks the providers to make improvements if the rating

system fails to meet the requirements. Every year, we hold campus campaign

activities to teach children how to play online games appropriately and

prevent them from accessing inappropriate games. Apart from the rating

system, we also promote Internet safety. In recent years, we held large-scale

campaign activities to teach parents and children how to use the Internet and

play games appropriately. By organizing children and youth performance

camps, we invited children representatives from the central government and

local governments to participate in the activities and collect their opinions,

which will serve as a reference for future regulation amendments.

⚫ Ministry of Education（Department of Information and Technology

Education）: I would like to add on the screening systems. Ministry of

Education has been working with iWIN. The blacklist provided by iWIN

helps schools adopt content filtering systems that simultaneously block

inappropriate content on the Internet accessed from the schools. In 2021,

inappropriate content was blocked more than 409.9 million times. If students

use the Internet and mobile devices at home, the Network Guardian Angels,

which is in partnership with Trend Micro, will block inappropriate content.

In 2021, The software Network Guardian Angels was downloaded more than

90,000 times.

（3）I have a question regarding privacy. Why is it necessary to examine the private

parts of the body for a medical checkup? Can a child refuse such a checkup?

Under what circumstances are schools allowed to undertake such a checkup?

What can be done about these checkups if parents and children have different

opinions? Do all schools undertake such medical checkups? Or do schools

undertake such medical checkups until children reach 12?

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 Ministry of Education: Ministry of Education has enacted Regulations

Governing the Implementation for the Health Examination of Students.

Considering the fact that students attend school during the daytime, it will not

be convenient for parents to take them to medical facilities for medical checkups

by themselves. In addition, there may be problems with insufficient medical

resources in rural areas. Hence, the government assists schools in arranging at

least one medical checkup a year for children. For these medical checkups, we

have established principles on informed consent and privacy agreement for

schools to follow. Prior to the health exams, parents are required to sign both the

consent form and the privacy agreement. The consent form includes information

on the items included in the medical checkup, procedures, date, time, and

precautions. Parents are asked to read the information and discuss with their

children on exams of intimate areas such as the abdomen and the urinary system.

Parents must put a tick for the item. Schools will not arrange medical checkups

for students without a consent form. If parents or students do not agree, they can

refuse to receive the medical checkup. In such cases, parents can take their

children to medical facilities for medical checkups. Ministry of Education has

also made a student manual for medical checkups. The manual states that there

must be a protective curtain when children undergo exams of their private parts.

Another student cannot enter the examination room until the last one finishes the

exam and leaves. Only one student is allowed in the examination room with the

medical staff. The results of the checkups will be given to parents every year for

primary prevention. Ministry of Education has stipulated the Implementation

Scheme of Health Examinations for Elementary and Middle School Students, so

students under the age of 15 will go through such medical checkups.

（4）Regarding the protection of privacy, while schools and the government have

access to students’ information, how do you ensure that student’s privacy is

protected?

（No response）

2. Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic:

（1）Taiwan excels in collecting statistical data. In your National Report and

Responses to the List of Issues, there are a lot of charts and tables. These efforts

reflected Taiwan’s organizational ability. However, I would like to know who

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 analyzes and evaluates such statistical data. Universities? Or research institutes?

What are the purposes of the collected data? Will the data be used for data

comparison and evaluation in scientific research?

⚫ Ministry of Health and Welfare（National Health Insurance

Administration）: Scholars or research institutes can propose research

projects and apply to use the data collected in the National Health Insurance

Research Database. After being reviewed and approved by our committee

members, the data will be made accessible. However, researchers are

required to conduct the research in a closed environment and are not allowed

to duplicate the data to be taken elsewhere to protect people’s privacy.

⚫ Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group: I would

like to add something. National Health Research Institutes specialize in

carrying out research on health issues and there are teams in the institutes

focusing on children’s health, medicine and welfare. National Science and

Technology Council also has two long-term large-scale databases that collect

educational data and family data. Researchers working in colleges and

universities can submit proposals to carry out research projects with

government funding. Their research outcomes are published worldwide and

they also served to inform the government of policy trends.

（2）Have any of the research projects yielded publication or research results? Can

students find related publications in Taiwan if they wished to know more about

the data?

⚫ Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group: The

research results have been published in domestic and international academic

journals and they are public data. Some studies are carried out for policy

promotion, so their conclusions will help the government improve its policies.

⚫ Ministry of Health and Welfare（Social and Family Affairs

Administration）: All government agencies in Taiwan conduct research on

their business and services. The research results will be placed in the

Government Research Bulletin. When we are drafting policies or when

scholars are concerned with certain issues, they could access the Bulletin for

more information.

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3. Jakob Egbert Doek: How do statistical data change Taiwan’s laws and policies?

⚫ Ministry of Health and Welfare（Department of Protective Services）: Taiwan

has been collecting data on child abuse cases for a long time, and we have

analyzed the types of abuse and the relations between the abuser and the abused.

We discovered from the data that in serious cases, early intervention from

hospitals, police officers, courts, prosecutors and social workers is needed, and

so we have amended the Protection of Children and Youths Welfare and Rights

Act. In addition, regarding the retrospective analysis of causes of death, through

long-term tracking of data, we found that child abuse resulting in death often

involves younger children, and so the retrospective analysis of causes of death

has been added into the law. Furthermore, we discovered that early prevention is

necessary to reduce child abuse cases, so we have worked to strengthen the social

safety net in the community. Data analysis does help us understand the trend and

lead to changes in policy.

⚫ Ministry of Education: Ministry of Education has developed five important

safety education materials focusing on the top five causes of children’s injuries

and casualties: traffic, drowning, falls, disaster, and food and drug. Schools are

required to integrate these concepts into their curriculums to reduce accidents.

For a long time, we have been tracking the number of dropout students to

understand the dropout rate and return rate and to explore their reasons for

dropout. If the dropout is due to personal reasons, we work to strengthen school

counseling, including the number of counselors, psychologists, social workers,

and the manpower of student counseling centers. If it is due to family factors, we

work to find social and administrative resources to help strengthen the functions

of families. If it is due to economic factors, we help solve the problem by helping

to find more secure and stable jobs. Ministry of Education has made good use of

various statistics to improve our policies.

4. Laura Lundy: Regarding the assessment of the impact on children’s rights, is this

conducted in the Ministry of Health and Welfare only, or is this done by all Ministries?

Ministry of Health and Welfare（Social and Family Affairs Administration）: This

is done by all Ministries and Agencies. What I mentioned earlier is that we are

conducting a pilot project by convening an advisory committee with civil groups,

experts and scholars to collectively pick out 64 Acts in Taiwan, the competent

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 authorities of many of these Acts are Ministry of Health and Welfare and Ministry

of Education, but other Ministries may also be included. These Acts will then be

reviewed and revised after the pilot project comes to an end.

5. Jakob Egbert Doek: The Constitutional Court of the ROC has decided that children

should be deemed as one of the parties involved in parents’ divorce proceedings.

Assuming that I am a 12-year-old child. The court has done a lot of mediation and

finally decided that I will stay with my mom. If I don’t like the court’s decision, can

I appeal as one of the parties of the legal proceedings?

Judicial Yuan: The Family Act stated that children have the right to procedural

hearings, and there is a system of guardian ad litem. The guardian ad litem will meet

with the children to listen to their opinions and report such opinions to the court,

stating that the children are not satisfied. Children can also express their own

opinions. Guardian ad litem is not limited to any level of court. When the district

court has made its decision and if the case goes to the court of second instance, the

guardian ad litem can express their opinions in the best interests of the children. In

other words, children can express their opinions about the court’s decision.

6. Nigel Cantwell:

（1）Regarding children’s identity rights （Articles 7 and 8 of the CRC）and

stateless children. I would like to know what actions have been taken by the

government to deal with the issue of stateless children acquiring citizenship from

Taiwan. Your earlier response ‘may’, so can you clarify whether the government

‘will’ do it? ‘Has been approved’ to do it? Or ‘would’ do it?

Ministry of the Interior: First of all, a child that does not possess the ROC

nationality does not necessarily mean that he/she is a stateless child. If the child’s

parents have foreign nationalities, the child would be a citizen of the country. A

stateless child is a child whose identity cannot be determined, so Ministry of the

Interior will be asked to help find the biological father or mother of the child. If

the search fails, Ministry of the Interior will assist to recognize the child as a

stateless person. If the child was later adopted, he/she would consequently

acquire the nationality of the ROC through the procedures of naturalization. If

the stateless child has not been adopted, the competent authority of social welfare

will assist him/her to apply for naturalization to acquire ROC nationality for the

best interests of the child.

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（2）So, if the child is indeed a stateless child, the Ministry of the Interior and the

local government “will help”, but they do not ‘have to’ help, is that correct?

Ministry of the Interior: Both local governments and Ministry of the Interior will

help a stateless person with his/her identity.

（3）Regarding children born via surrogacy, from my understanding, even though

surrogacy is illegal in Taiwan, some children in Taiwan are born via surrogacy.

I suspect they are born by hiring overseas surrogate mothers. What is the legal

status of these children? And how about their birth registration, family relations,

and their relationship with the surrogate mothers? Is it possible for them to

automatically obtain the nationality and residency of the ROC? This is a

hypothetical question. I wonder if illegal surrogacy occurs in Taiwan, what is the

identity and status of the child?

⚫ Ministry of the Interior: Nationality and household registration are two

different concepts. If either of the parents is a citizen of the ROC, then the

child will have ROC nationality. If the child was born in the ROC, the

hospital can issue a birth certificate for household registration and birth

registration. If the child was born abroad, the procedures for initial household

registration will be needed. After the child enters Taiwan and obtains a

residence permit, the procedures of initial household registration can be

completed at the household registration office. Even though Taiwan does not

recognize surrogacy, if a child is born overseas via surrogacy, the child’s

identity can be decided according to the judgment of a foreign court, or the

relevant administrative agency can issue a document proving the identity of

the child, so the procedures of initial household registration can be completed.

⚫ Ministry of Health and Welfare（Health Promotion Administration）: I’d

like to add something. According to the Artificial Reproduction Act,

surrogacy is not legal in Taiwan, but we have been conducting research and

discussing this issue. However, this issue involves the issue of kinship in the

Civil Code, and the Civil Code is still being amended at the moment.

⚫ Ministry of Justice: Ministry of Justice cooperates with the Health Promotion

Administration to discuss the results with scholars and experts and adopt

regulations that are enforced by the government to provide legal advice and

conduct legal work.

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（4）For a child born via a surrogate mother （if the surrogate mother came to Taiwan,

or if the child was brought in by his parents, or sent to Taiwan by other means）,

the potential problem would be how to determine the identity of the child. Can

the child be protected from discrimination? Can he/she enjoy the rights as stated

in the CRC?

（No response）

（5）Children born via sperm/egg donors cannot obtain information about their

original family in Taiwan. Only when they are later adopted or married can they

obtain kinship information. Why are these children not allowed to obtain

information about their family background? How can they obtain information

about their own life? Nowadays, children born by sperm/egg donors around the

world stand up and demand to know their real background. They are more and

more concerned about whether or not they can obtain data about their own life

without limitations or regulations.

Ministry of the Interior: Unfortunately, this is not the business that Ministry of

the Interior is responsible for. In practice, when a child asks to obtain household

registration information, he/she has to be considered to be a stakeholder. It does

not have much to do with whether the child is born via surrogacy or not.

7. Jakob Egbert Doek: I’ll rephrase my question to make it more specific. Let’s say that

a Taiwanese couple signed a contract with a surrogate mother in Thailand and the

child born obtained a birth certificate from the court or relevant agency in Thailand

and the name of the biological mother is the surrogate mother. When the couple

return to Taiwan and wish to register themselves as the parents of the child on the

local birth certificate or household registration certificate, are there any laws to

prohibit the Taiwanese couple from doing so?

Ministry of the Interior: The court does not recognize the Taiwanese mother as the

child’s mother, so it is unlikely for the child to be registered as the child of the

Taiwanese couple when the couple brought the court documents back to Taiwan. If

a foreign court decides that the Taiwanese couple are the parents of the child born

via surrogacy, then we can say they are the child’s parents based on the judgment of

the foreign court. However, if the foreign court deems the surrogate mother as the

mother of the child, the Taiwanese wife would not be able to be registered as the

child’s mother.

169

8. Jakob Egbert Doek: Most countries have regulations stating that the person who gave

birth to the child is the biological mother, but it is also possible that the child born

abroad was adopted and raised by a Taiwanese couple. If the adoption has been

recognized by the court, can the Taiwanese parents register this child as their own

child?

Ministry of the Interior: If the couple has gone through the adoption procedures

abroad, Taiwan would recognize the relationship between the parents and the child.

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 逐字稿紀錄

司儀：（會前提醒）

各位貴賓早安，我們早上的會議預計再 5 分鐘後開始，在這邊提醒大家，在門口

兩側外面都會有口譯設備，如果您桌上沒有口譯設備的話，可以到門口外面進

行借用。

司儀：

各位貴賓早安，歡迎各位蒞臨 2022 兒童權利公約第二次國家報告國際審查會

議，我們今天審查的範圍是第一章至第四章。先為各位介紹今天現場與會的幾

位長官，首先介紹政府機關代表團副團長衛福部李麗芬次長，歡迎次長。以及

我們法務部蔡碧仲次長、蔡次長，歡迎。接下來歡迎教育部蔡清華次長，歡迎

蔡次長。謝謝以上幾位長官的蒞臨，那接下先為各位說明這一場會議的進行方

式。本場會議採統問統答的方式進行，所以請機關代表在答覆前先舉手，會有

工作人員，穿著白色襯衫的工作人員在兩側及後方為各位遞上麥克風。會議全

程都會進行中英文的同步口譯，為使口譯人員能夠清楚的聽到各位發言的內

容，並且轉譯給委員，請各位發言的代表，在發言的時候留意您發言的語速。

接下來將時間交給主席。

Jakob Egbert Doek 委員：

大家早安很高興可以看到這麼多的代表，對這樣子的政府與審查委員會之間的

對話有興趣，那麼這樣子的場次我們會以問答的方式來進行。在日內瓦的時候，

政府代表也會受邀做這個報告的簡短簡報，但是也可以不用做，這個端看各位

的選擇，因為有可能政府方並沒有特別準備好一份簡報，而我假設在座各位大

家都知道國家報告的內容了，也因此不需要再簡介一次。如果沒有要針對國家

報告再做一份短短的簡介的話，我們就直接進入對談，我們以報告的順序以及

以國際的慣例順序來進行，也就是從報告的第一部分開始。第一章一般執行措

施，我想第一章是基於 CRC 的第 4 條當中要求 CRC 的締約國，必須要採取各式

各樣不同的措施，來落實兒童權利。首先針對第一章一般執行措施的第一個問

題，將由 Vuckovic 教授，來自於塞爾維亞的教授來提問，那麼他會就一般執行

措施這個章節提出問題，以下的時間交給教授。

Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic 委員：

大家早安，謝謝主席將時間交給我。大家好，很高興能夠開啟今天的國際審查

會議與對話，進一步的了解臺灣在 CRC 上面的落實。我認為對我來說這是重要

的一刻，對我來說也很有意義，因為這是我第一次見到各位，第一次跟這些委

員合作，他們已經是一個團隊了，因為他們之前參與過國際審查會議。我們可

以來看一下，一般執行措施這一章，其實它談的就是一個國家的一些基礎架

171

構，來協助所有兒童的權利都能夠落實，我會盡量的簡短。我的問題會連續提

好幾個，那麼各位可以做一下紀錄，都是跟一般執行措施相關的問題，那我舉

了幾個問題之後，各位可以再回應、我們可以再開始對話。我們先從立法開

始。因為我們注意到了在 5 年的這段期間有了很多的改善，看起來在行政方面、

在立法院方面都非常努力，也推動了新的法令。我們也注意到了，政府已經檢

視過去既有的法令是否與 CRC 一致？找到了很多的落差，不過這個過程還沒有

結束，對於檢視法令這樣子的過程，我會看到一些回應說，我們正在努力或正

在進行當中。我想要知道說，是不是所有的法令都已經從 CRC 的角度去重新檢

視過了呢？另外還有一個《兒少法》、《兒童與少年權益保障法》，我們拿到這個

法令英文版的時間比較晚，但是看過了內容，我們覺得可能需要一段特定的時

間來談一談《兒少法》，來確保它是否與 CRC 一致，來確保兒童的權利能夠按照

CRC 來落實。所以希望要有人跟我稍微簡介一下，這個《兒少法》它背後立法

的動機是什麼？那麼跟其他國家相關的法令，其實看起來有點不同。第二呢就

是兒少的國家行動計畫，我們知道政府也開始草擬了針對兒少的國家行動計

畫，不過這個計畫尚未定案，有一些分門別類的計畫，我們想要請問為什麼沒

有一個整體的計畫？整體的計 畫已經完成了嗎？因為這個是針對問題清單

（LOIs）的回復當中有提到有這樣子的計畫，但我們不知道其內涵。另外我們

之前也談過了協調工作的重要性，我們知道政委要協助協調很多的工作，那麼

我們也知道有一個兒少的小組，就是兒童及少年福利與權益推動小組，他們一

年開會 4 次，這是一個常設的小組嗎？有同樣的人員、有同樣的秘書處等等，他

們常常可以協助進行一些措施的監督的話，那就可以把兩種功能在同一個小組

當中來落實。但是 4 個月才開會一次似乎效率不是很高，所以我們想要請問一

下，這個行政院的兒少小組是怎麼樣運作的？那我們之前的結論性意見第 5 點，

其實也有了很多的細節。那麼再講到預算。我自己本身並不是經濟學家，不過

我們知道中華民國在社會保護、兒童保護上面撥了許多的預算，希望聚集社工

的力量。不過，我們也聽到不一樣的與會者提供了其他的資訊，表示說這樣子

的預算不夠，我不曉得國家的協調到底夠不夠？預算是否真的充足？也因此我

們想要多聽一下預算規劃這一塊。至於講到國際合作方面，很高興可以看到臺

灣支持許多國際及世界性的兒少活動，我們看到報告當中提出了協助其他國家

的兒少，我們想要知道，是否有機會進一步的更了解 CRC 的內容和任擇議定書

呢？因為我們會很建議臺灣也採用任擇議定書。獨立監督這個議題上，我們也

很高興看到國家人權委員會的成立，這是每個國家的向前的一大步。它成立還

不久，而我們關心的是國家人權委員會目前的職能，是否能夠扮演起領導的角

色、推動兒童權利並且去調查兒童權利的違反事項，因為這應該要是一個非常

大的機構，我們也說過是否要有一個獨立的兒少監察使辦公室，當中或許有數

百名的工作人員會接受申訴，會處理兒少的議題，而且有獨立的運作，而這邊

應該要在立法院裡面通過設立，因為要有一個獨立的機構。另外呢，教育方

面，我們知道教育方面有非常多的方案正在進行，想要聽聽各位說明，訓練跟

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 教育上面的實質計畫是甚麼？比如說你們提到了老師會受到訓練，是在哪裡訓

練呢？是在一些一般常規的訓練當中進行嗎？還是在取得教師資格的課程當中

學習的呢？那訓練的內容是甚麼？教育的內容是甚麼？另外我們都知道教育跟

訓練這方面，其實委員也有一些經驗，就這方面我們可以來分享一些經驗。國

家的監督機制我已經講過了，或許他可以由協調的方式、以及它的單位來進

行，這樣一來可以事半功倍，像每天都有人可以進行兒少權利的落實監督，我

也聽到其他與會者這方面的建議。另外司法近用以及申訴機制這個方面，也是

我的提問範圍。政府提出了非常多種申訴的機制，值得讚賞，有些兒少認為他

們的權利受到侵犯的可提出申訴。申訴機制有可能是一個建議箱，然後或者是

在醫療制度、在校園裡面等等有各式各樣不同的申訴管道，或者是住宿機構、

在獄所等等都有申訴的機制。但是我關心的是，這樣的申訴機制好像常常沒有

辦法達到目的，有時候兒少不太願意提出申訴。目前我們也沒有看到有任何的

研究來證明，究竟發生問題、有狀況然後有進行申訴這兩者的比例。一般來

說，很多國家都會做這樣的調查，譬如說對兒童的性侵會有這樣的一個比例的

研究。在我國 93%這樣的兒童、兒少性侵案件是沒有被申訴、或者通報的。當

然這就好像你染疫，你知道但是你不去看醫師。所以很多的兒少其實遭到嚴重

的暴力對待，但是卻從來沒有真的去跟任何的機構，不管是檢察、警調機構都

沒有去跟他們去做申訴。稍後我們可以討論其他的議題，不過如果我剛剛的問

題不清楚，那麼請告訴我，我也非常期待聽到各位對於這些問題的答覆。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

謝謝 Vuckovic 教授。接下來我就請政府代表來回應，剛剛教授的提問，當然由

哪一個部會代表、是由各位自己來決定。各位可以按照剛剛 Vuckovic 教授提問

的順序來回應、或者自行決定，只要所有的問題都有答覆就可以。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

先跟委員回應，行政院兒權小組的開會頻率的確是 4 個月...

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

不過呢、我也想提醒一下，要回答問題的人是不是可以先自我介紹一下？讓我

們知道您是代表哪一個部會發言？

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

我代表行政院。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

我們認識您。

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院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

行政院兒權小組的確依規定是 4 個月開會一次，但是我們會有加開臨時會或專案

會議，舉例來講為了兒童照顧 Childcare，我們就開了非常多的會議，來處理 0 歲

到 2 歲、2 歲到 6 歲，因為它是跨教育部與衛生福利部，所以這個會議就非常的

頻繁。此外我們為了處理剛剛提到的兒童虐待性侵害等等的議題，跟兒童保護

有關的，我們在社會安全網裡面把它納入之後，會議就非常非常的頻繁。我們

要找到問題發生的原因，然後各地方政府執行的策略，那中央政府如何來修正

法律、或者來給予預算跟人力，這些協調的會議開下來，一年至少開幾十次，

所以這是非常高的頻率，所以不會只是 4 個月開會一次。衛生福利部在兒權小組

之下有一組人，然後我的辦公室也有人，所以我們也有一些固定的人員在處理

行政院兒權小組的會議，這是跟委員報告的第一點。那第二點關於預算

Budget，Budget 也許見仁見智，因為它是一個 Allocation 的問題、一個配置的問

題。關於兒童的預算也有一直在增加，舉例來講我們為了讓 Childcare 有更多更

多的公共化、更多更好的品質，光這幾年來我們就從原本預算的 100 多億，這 4

年來就增加到將近 1,000 億 NT Dollar，成長速度非常非常快。我們為了滿足家長

期待讓更多的 Childcare，可以由公共的形式來提供，而不是我們過去有 70%的

Childcare 都是 Private Market，我們現在希望逐漸把它導引到公共的部門，能夠

提供更多。但是我們沒有辦法一下子提供非常多 Public，所以我們用 Quasi-

Public 方式來跟 Private 一起合作，所以形成一種新的臺灣的 Model，那這些預算

就投入剛剛我講的將近有 1,000 億的新臺幣，在調整整個 Childcare 的整個服務系

統，所以應該是有這是有很明顯的成長預算。那昨天 NGOs 提到說預算好像對於

Development、在 CRC 裡面 Development 方面相對比較少，這我們也注意到，所

以我們在文化部門、文化部以及在教育部的體育方面，還有一些社會參與方

面，我們也逐漸提供更多的預算給這些相關的事務，可以有所發展。那至於兒

少 CRC 的國家行動計畫，我們在今年先把所有跟聯合國有關的、人權相關的先

做了一個國家人權的行動計畫，就把 CRC 放進來、CRPD 也放進來，先把反歧

視、公平、平等這些議題納進來，還有保障特別的弱勢、脆弱人口群放進來，

那以後我們會從這裡再出發，再把相關 CRC 中沒有被納入的，就在 CRC 裡面來

處理。所以我們有一步一步的計畫，要把這些聯合國相關的各種公約都把它納

入國家行動計畫來處理，以上先跟委員們報告，行政院跟中央政府在做的。那

至於說《兒少權法》的修法，跟是否 CRC 全部都納入法律等等，這些就請衛福

部來說明，謝謝。

衛生福利部社會及家庭署代表：

謝謝，我代表衛福部社家署發言，同時我也代表行政院院兒權小組的秘書處發

言。首先有關於委員所提問的法規檢視的問題，基本上依據我們《CRC 施行

法》第 9 條規定，在 2015 年 11 月的時候，提出了優先立法、優先列管的一個檢

視清單，那我們在 2016 年到 2018 年同時也有請各政府，依照我們 CRC 的精神

174

去檢視他們主管的法律，還有包括他們的自治條例、還有行政命令、自治規則

以及他們的行政措施，是否有符合 CRC 的規定。那總共提報列管了 34 部法律，

那含其中有 45 條是涉及有關於兒少權益的條文，那這些基本上都已經依據這個

我們法規檢視的流程完成修正。那另外我們在 2021 年的時候，因為我們的兩公

約要求就是所有的公約都要進行第二次的法規檢視，所以我們在 2021 年的時候

又再請各部會再進行第二次，那總共經我們檢視過以後，各部會列管的有 9 部法

律，那其中有 12 條是跟兒少有關。所以這樣子總共加起來我們第一次跟第二次

檢視，我們總共檢視了我們國家 52 部的法律，那含了 75 條跟兒少權益有關。那

有關於這樣的法規檢視，我們是提到我們行政院的院兒權小組去定期做列管，

就是說我們的委員還有長官，都會去檢視各部會這些法規，是不是都已經有做

修正了。那目前已經完成修正、或者是經過院兒權小組同意解除列管的總共有

45 部法律、62 條法規跟行政措施，那其餘的 8 部法律有 13 條，主要的問題是因

為他們有很多法案，遇到了立法院屆期不續審的問題，所以就退回行政院重新

審查，導致於無法在我們規定期限內完成，這是有關於法規檢視的部分。《兒少

法》的部分， 《兒少法》在 2001 年修正的時候，就已經是依照兒權公約的精神做

全文修正。從 2001 年到現在，歷經了 10 次的修正，其中有因應兒虐事件的發

生，加強保護措施，另外也有針對少子化的問題，增加很友善育兒環境的相關

條文。再來很重要的就是，現在所謂孩子的 Cyber Safety 問題，也加入很多的網

路保護機制，不過在這邊要跟委員說明，《兒少法》從 2011 年修正到現在，其實

立法委員也很關心《兒少法》，主動提出、加入了很多法條，可能加入條次位置

的適當性，導致目前的《兒少法》，可能在全盤的架構上，會跟 CRC 的架構有所

出入，所以目前李麗芬次長，正帶領我們全面的來檢討《兒少福利與權益的保

障法》。目前的草案架構，就是依照兒童權利公約國家報告的架構，會有一個全

面性的一般執行措施。然後會針對公民權、自由權以及孩子的身分權，還有他

的還有家庭權。那再來是孩子教育跟勞動，孩子的保護措施跟替代性照顧，那

這邊比較特別的替代性照顧，我們參考 UN Guideline, UN Guidelines for the

Alternative Care of Children。另外我們也依照目前很多民間團體期待，有關於體

罰霸凌行為要在《兒少法》明定，所以也有納入規劃的《兒少法》修法當中。

另外也是配合 2019 年《少事法》修正，已經刪除了有關於所謂的 Status Offense

身分犯的一個身分，強調對於這些觸法或者是曝險少年，要用行政先行輔導的

方式來介入處理。所以未來我們的《兒少法》會特別有一個專章，針對這些觸

法兒童跟偏差兒少保護，我們要如何及早運用我們行政的資源介入，我們要如

何幫助他們家庭，讓這些家庭能好好地對這些兒少照顧。我們也配合社會安全

網來整合兒保跟脆家的通報；另外也有針對失蹤兒少跟家庭福利的服務。最重

要的就是我們也把健康納入《兒少法》，特別在一些健康預防、心理健康，還有

孩子自殺防治的部分，這些都要納入《兒少法》規範。還有兒少參與的部分、

文化的部分，所以現在整個《兒少法》的架構，就會依照國家報告的架構訂

定，目前已在內部討論很多回，未來會跟外部的 NGOs 溝通，召開公聽會廣納建

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言，後續再進行相關的法制作業。申訴機制的部分，院兒權小組幕僚單位目前

是有要求各部會，要進行行政機關自我檢核，也就是有一張自我檢核表，要求

各部會要依這個自我檢核表，去檢核他們的申訴機制是否有符合保密度、友善

度、透明度、保護性跟獨立性跟即時性的這個 6 項功能的指標。我們也有規範，

他們在檢核的時候必須去徵詢兒少的意見，必須去徵詢 NGOs 的意見，來幫忙看

一下，他們目前的申訴流程是不是有符合我剛剛提的 6 項檢核指標。目前我們彙

整了中央各部會包含國防部、文化部、還有國家通訊傳播委員會、還有環保

署、法務部、內政部、還有衛福部一些相關的單位，針對他們的申訴機制只要

涉及兒少部分，都必須自我檢核，他們是不是有達成這樣子的一個指標？如果

沒有達成的話，在他們的徵詢過程當中，NGOs 就會給他們建議、建議他們要怎

麼樣去符合這樣的一個指標，這個是屬於行政機關全面性的申訴機制的部分。

另外因為我的業務還有一個安置機構的申訴機制，我想我這邊先講，針對兒少

安置機構的申訴機制，現在是建構了兒少安置機構三層級的申訴機制。第一層

就是在機構裡面的內部申訴，我們要求所有的安置機構，都必須要建立內部的

申訴機制，而且必須要把申訴機制納在他們的給孩子的一個入院須知手冊。也

就是說孩子住進來以後，必須要知道他有這個申訴的權利、也知道他有這個申

訴的管道，也會透過我們的輔導查核表，還有我們的評鑑機制檢查，安置機構

有沒有落實這樣的一個機制。譬如說在評鑑的過程當中，我們發現有些機構把

申訴箱放在非常隱密的地方，或者不是放在非常隱密的地方，而是放在那個院

長室，也就是放在機構主任的門口，其實這樣子就不 Accessible，可能孩子就不

願意去申訴。那這個部分我們的評鑑委員就會適時的提出建議，建議機構應該

要把申訴箱放在一個友善孩子、孩子可以隨時取得的管道。那在第二層的部

分，縣市政府的主管機關必須要建立一個外部申訴的機制，當孩子沒有辦法透

過機構內部申訴的時候，就可以循外部的管道來跟他的主管機關還有他的主責

社工反映。那第三層的部分就回到衛福部，也就是中央主管機關有一個再申訴

的管道。我們在 2022 年的時候有訂定一個衛福部處理家外安置兒少再申訴案件

的作業原則，所以除了安置兒少以外，其實其他一些相關的利害關係人，比方

說一些地方的相關團體或是工作人員也可以幫助安置兒少提出申訴，我們就是

希望兒少能夠有一個完整救濟的管道，當他在機構內遭受到不當對待的時候，

能夠有一個周延的管道可以做救濟，我們在 2020 年的時候開始調查機構的申訴

案件，2020 年調查的時候全國有 118 家，其中有 23 家機構有提出申訴，申訴的

案件總計有 97 案，大部分都是透過機構內部的申訴管道，也是因為我們在調查

的時候發現，其實申訴的案件還是非常的少，所以我們在 2022 年的時候才會再

訂定一個再申訴的管道，也就是在中央主管機關，讓孩子可以有多元的管道來

申訴，所以其實目前逐年調查申訴的案件比例是有增加的，案件也有增加，我

們會希望透過這樣一個三層級的申訴機制讓孩子都有一個申訴的管道，以上就

是申訴機制的部分。

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衛生福利部保護服務司代表：

委員，衛生福利部保護服務司張秀鴛針對涉及人身安全，兒童少年的人身安全

的保護申訴的作為做說明，我們在國家法律部分包括《兒童及少年權利及福利

保障法》，《性侵害犯罪防治法》以及《家庭暴力防治法》，還有《兒童及少年性

剝削防制條例》都有明文規定，一般人、任何人包括兒少本身他有發生這種不

當對待都可以申訴，可以透過我們有兩個，一個是網站關懷 e 起來，另外一個是

24 小時全年無休的 113 這個通報電話，有專人服務、全年無休，除外有一些特別

的人員包含醫生、護理人員、教育人員、警察人員、還有保育老師、托育人員

甚至我們的村里幹事，在執行職務的時候發現兒童跟少年有遭到不當對待，包

含體罰、包括身體精神虐待、性虐待以及性剝削種種的不法侵害，都必須 24 小

時內通報，如果沒有通報會有罰則，是透過這種完整的保護機制來維護我們兒

少的權益。

教育部國民及學前教育署代表：

我是教育部國教署戴淑芬，代表教育部說明校園裡面學生的兒少申訴制度，

2021 年 5 月 26 號立法院有通過修正《高級中等教育法》第 54 條，建立了學生的

申訴跟再申訴制度，國教署在 2022 年也依據這一個修法訂定了《高級中等學校

學生申訴及再申訴評議委員會組織及運作辦法》，如果學生或是學生的自治組織

的學生會等等，對於學校的懲處或是其他的措施認為他的權益受到損害，有違

法或是不當的一個情況，他可以在收到這個處分或是原措施的次日開始 30 日以

內，以書面向學校提出申訴，那如果學校這個做成申訴決定，學生如果不服的

話他還可以收到學校的評議書，次日開始 30 日內向主管機關的再申訴評議委員

會提出再申訴，那如果說再申訴的評議他還是不服的話，他可以收到再申訴評

議的次日開始兩個月內，向行政法院提起行政訴訟，這個是對校園內學生權益

的保障。在國民小學、國中小的教育階段也根據《國民教育法》，學生對於有關

他個人的管教措施，如果認為違法或者是損害他的權益的話，可以由法定代理

人以書面向學校提出申訴，如果不服從學校的申訴決定也可以向學校所在地的

主管機關提出再申訴，相關的申訴制度我們都是建立一個獨立程序、獨立以及

程序保密的一個機制，為了讓學生能夠非常的熟悉這一些申訴制度，其實在學

校裡面，我們都有編製了一些學生的宣導手冊，在校園裡面讓學生是非常容易

可以拿到，那我們也希望學校把這些申訴制度都放進學生的學生手冊裡面，有

相關的一個表格範例，也有一些申訴樣態的說明，Q&A 的說明，以及校園裡面

的申訴電話號碼，申訴的專線都讓學生可以一併了解；在高級中等以下學校的

學生申訴資料也有放在學生的一個網站，也就是學生的申訴專區，讓學生都可

以充分明瞭這一些申訴的管道。那另外我可不可以也補充說明一下，剛剛委員

有關心教育人員在 CRC 訓練的一個情形，在 2018 年教育部就已經有成立 CRC

的中心學校，會訓練 CRC 的種子師資，藉由一些素養、培力的研習營、以及工

作坊、以及主管人員的工作坊去推動 CRC，讓校園裡面的師長對於兒童權利的

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 相關的專業知能都能夠充分的明瞭，我們也有編 CRC 教育人員的宣導手冊，然

後透過案例的分析，讓現場的老師可以理解，另外也有補助經費給各縣市政

府，讓他們在對國中小的師長可以提供專業知能的訓練，截至目前為止高級中

等以下學校的老師接受過 CRC 教育訓練的比例是 89.37%接近九成，校長接受

CRC 訓練已經到了 98.18%，就是已經接近百分之百，剛剛委員也關心在師資培

育，就是職前教育課程裏面有沒有 CRC 這樣課程？跟委員報告其實是有的，我

們在師資培育職前課程，課程的規範基準裡頭其實就已經有把人權教育，包括

CRC 議題融入師資教育職前教育的教育專業課程規範裡面，在 2020 年其實也已

經完成了社會還有生命教育的教材教法的專書，內容包括人權教育以及 CRC 兒

童權利相關的議題，也鼓勵大學開設人權教育相關的課程，截至 2021 年大概有

37 所大專院校，有 173 個系所開設人權教育相關課程，總共有 9,806 名師資生已

經完成這樣的職前教育培訓，以上教育部說明。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

請矯正署說明一下這個...

法務部矯正署代表：

1. 各位委員還有我們與會的先進大家好，我是法務部矯正署，有關於申訴的部

分，我特別就少年在矯正機構裡面的申訴狀況來跟各位委員報告，少年依法

收容在執行感化教育或是有期徒刑的機構內時，假如少年有不服機關的處分

或管理措施是可以依照《監獄行刑法》以及《羈押法》的申訴程序來提起申

訴，促使機關對於各項的行政機關的措施合法性、妥適性來進行審視，假如

檢查結果是不合法或不適當，機關會停止、撤銷或變更原管理措施的決定或

執行。申訴的程序是一個獨立的程序，所以說每一個機關都有成立一個獨立

的審議小組，由專家學者及社會公正人士來處理申訴事件，另外我們申訴程

序是很友善的程序，所以我們的收容少年可以以各種形式，比如說用言詞或

者書面提出，可以由委任律師，或是代理人，或是他最近現在保護少年之人

來提出，申訴內容予以保密，為了保障少年的救濟權利，少年進入矯正機關

的時候，機關會辦理少年的入校講習，向少年宣導申訴權利及訴訟救濟的權

利，並製作學生生活手冊交付少年使用，使得少年學生都可以隨時查閱有關

申訴訴訟相關的各種途徑，另外有關外部申訴的部分，少年以書面或是言詞

提起申訴的時候，除了可以向學校的各級人員提出外，當有視察人員到校或

者是外部視察小組，也都可以提出申訴陳情，另外也可以向少年法庭的法官

或是保護官或有一些外聘的一些心理師、社工師，也都會有類似相關可以得

到陳情的管道，以上說明。

2. 剛剛我們署裡面同仁報告少年的一個兒少部分的申訴，他比照《監獄法》與

《羈押法》，這是舊的、過去的，現在新的是已經有在研擬少年機關收容實施

處遇條例，已經召開了 61 次的審查會議，在少年矯正學校其實原來就已經有

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 少年矯正學校的實施條例，但是我們為了更符合整個實務狀況，我們把少年

觀護所跟少年矯正學校都做進一步的研擬，所以我們這一部分已經全部在研

擬的條例裡面，通通把它入法，以上。

司法院代表：

主席、還有各位委員，我是少年家事廳謝靜慧謝廳長，代表司法院歡迎主席還

有各位國際審查專家蒞臨臺灣，檢視臺灣落實兒童權利公約，把國內的每一個

成長中的兒童，包括 12 歲以下的兒童還有 12 歲至 18 歲的少年，他們在行政、

立法、還有司法這個部分的這幾年來的努力，以下大概就針對委員有特別垂詢

關於司法近用性的部分。剛剛行政院林萬億政委帶領下的行政院各部會提到，

只要是有關 18 歲以下的兒少，剛有提到我們已經廢除了虞犯，把他視為是在成

長當中的高風險曝險少年，這樣的一個行為人，他有一些值得大人關注的行為

問題，或者是有些觸犯刑法法律的所謂我們臺灣《少年事件處理法》，認為是少

年非行的問題或者是他其實做為一個被害的兒少，他如果是被害人，不管是在

民事法院或者是在刑事法院，譬如說剛剛提到的兒童，他作為性侵害被害人或

是目睹家暴的兒童，或者是他是因為父母離婚，可能因為父母在爭執親權照顧

的親權訴訟案件中，甚至剛剛教育部的同仁有提到，在大法官釋字 784 號之後，

學生有提出一個救濟的這樣的司法權利，不論在哪一個法院，只要是涉及兒

少，我們都希望能夠看到以孩子的成長需求的視角，來看待司法院作為一個獨

立第三方的一個獨立機關，如何落實我們宣示在法律層級或者在各機關，我們

認為必需要做到維護兒少的健全成長，所以不管是司法院主管的各個相關的

《民事訴訟法》、《刑事訴訟法》，甚至於少年事件跟《家事事件法》，還有我們

各個法庭，除了從認知上強調必須要提供給兒少一些友善出庭的環境，那還有

在出庭前的這些庭前所謂的準備，讓他了解他在法院中的角色是甚麼，去認識

他在法庭參與的角色，進而能夠在庭中也可以有社工專業的陪同，來保障表達

自己的意願或者意見的這樣基本的權利，尤其最近我們在 805 號解釋更是對少年

事件的被害人陳述意見的權利，獲得一個重視，所以不只是《少年事件處理

法》，不只是關注行為人，少年的非行或是曝險行為，更關注兒少作為被害人在

整個審理程序中表達意見的權利，那我想我們這兩年來更是透過兒少友善出庭

相關措施，能夠跟社工、心理專業合作，甚至有些發展身心特殊需求的孩子能

夠透過特教、心理、精神、醫療的專家，協助他在法庭上能夠表達他的意見跟

意願，那我想作為一個執法的機關我們希望能夠去，不是從大人的視角，而是

孩子的需求視角看到他在參與整個法庭活動當中，營造一個友善的司法審理過

程，那比方說性侵案件也有一些關於司法詢問員這樣的角色發展，另外今年度

我們也把特別地關於這樣一個兒少的預算，透過我們的司法院的兒權跟兒少保

護性別友善委員會編列相關預算，這也是上一次國家報告尚未提出的，這也是

今年特別的部分，以上做簡單的補充，其他就參考我們司法院回應的問題清單

的補充意見，我想各位委員都有深入的了解，謝謝。

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院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

請內政部移民署來談一下補充一下國際合作，移民署。

內政部移民署代表：

主席、各位委員先進大家好，我是內政部移民署林仕宜，我代表內政部移民署

發言，有關於在國際合作的方面，目前我們持續的跟各國家來推行簽署防治人

口販運還有移民事務的 MOU，那目前我們已經有跟 22 個國家簽訂這樣的一個協

定與 MOU，也透過這樣的協定跟 MOU，希望跟各國家建立一個合作的網絡，

我們可以互相派員來參與對方舉行的研討會，譬如說臺灣也會固定每一年舉行

人口販運國際研究工作坊，邀請各個國家的專家學者跟我們一起分享相互的經

驗作為互相學習的平台，以上報告，謝謝。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

謝謝，外交部有沒有要補充？外交部。

外交部代表：

主席、各位國際審查委員，各位貴賓、各位女士各位先生，我是來自外交部，

我想要跟各位分享一下國際合作，剛剛委員提問透過國際合作我們是否真的有

獲得在 CRC 公約方面的專業知識？我想在外交部來說我們重點是放在資源分享

同時也實施許多的人道援助計畫，我想我們主要的做法就是去學習、透過實務

來學習，因此我們現在也在執行更多的人道援助計畫、以及相關的援助方案，

但是在專業知能的部分其實主要還是透過國內相關團體像是學校、以及兒少，

現在他們也會有一些到海外參訪的行程，希望能夠學習這方面的知能，或者我

們可以邀請相關的學校來做國際交流，學習相關的知識，所以其實有很多的方

式能夠增進這方面的知能，在外交部來說我們重點還是在分享資源以及執行人

道援助的計畫，謝謝。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

謝謝各位的答覆，我想這也可以看得出來在一般執行措施，通常接下來就會在

對話的過程當中讓我們更聚焦在教育、替代性照顧以及司法、少年司法體系等

這些也都是在第二份的國家報告當中我們有看到很多細節，謝謝各位給我們這

麼多豐富的資訊包括了申訴機制、立法過程尤其是針對 Vuckovic 教授的提問，

好像現在《兒少法》也是在討論還要再進一步的修正，幾乎這些議題剛剛都已

經回覆到了，請問 Vuckovic 教授還有要追問的問題嗎？

Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic 委員：

我要謝謝各位代表的澄清，對我來說現在更能夠了解到時候的建議可以怎麼樣

寫，不過要請大家比方說給我看一下你們的訓練方案的內容，那不管是針對學

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 校或者什麼地方的沒有關係，我想要看到實際的訓練方案的內容，然後把這個

方案跟其他的我所知的教育方案做個比較，以上，謝謝各位提供的資訊。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

其他委員有問題嗎？我有一個特定的問題，這個問題很簡單，那應該也可以有

一個很簡單的回應，也就是這個少年福利與權益推動小組的組成，它的組成蠻

有趣的，那麼他反應出了在兒少權益當中不一樣的行為者，我想有 5 個成員，那

麼我的問題就是他們是怎麼樣選出來的呢？比方說有 5 個這個兒少代表，請問他

們是怎麼樣選出來的？

衛生福利部社會及家庭署代表：

中央兒少代表其實是從地方的兒少代表選出來的，我們是在 2019 年的時候訂一

個遴選兒少代表參與中央兒少小組的原則，在 2020 年設置中央兒少代表，每個

直轄市、縣市政府也是會在他們的地方政府，也是用 election 的方式來 elect 1 至

3 名的兒少來擔任中央兒少代表，上限是 66 人，每一屆的兒少代表任期是兩年，

一開始的時候是用試行屆的方式，也就是一個 pilot 的方式，試行屆有 53 人包含

了男性 28、女性 25 人，都有含括特殊處遇的包括身心障礙、原住民族、新住民

家庭跟經濟弱勢家庭，還有比較特別的是，有一些成員是屬於 homeschooler，試

行屆結束了以後，在 2021 年開始第一屆有 60 位的兒少代表，那其實也都有含特

殊處境的兒少，那第二屆有 62 人。中央兒少代表可以參與 3 個中央跨部會的會

議，現在中央處理兒少議題的會議有分 3 個，一個是行政院的兒權小組，一個是

衛生福利部的兒權小組，另外衛生福利部另外還有針對兒少事故傷害有一個防

治小組的會議。我們會定期的要求，就是說這些兒少定期開會，討論他們共同

關注的議題與建議，這些中央兒少代表 62 人就會分成 3 個小組，那每個小組會

推舉 5 個兒少代表來出席這樣的會議，所以這 5 個兒少代表就會帶著他們每一組

關心的議題跟方案來開會，所以現在的趨勢就是說，每次召開這些會議時，兒

少代表的提案都相當、相當的踴躍，他們關心的內容包括了對校務的參與、性

別平等跟情感教育，他們也關心偏鄉教育還有一些本土的語文發展還有校園霸

凌的申訴管道，還有學校的輔導機制的友善性，他們也有針對校園的輔導機制

如何更能保護他們隱私，那他們也關心到新型菸品的危害，那最近特別的因為

臺海關係的緊張，他們也開始關心國防安全的議題，他們認為孩子也要了解國

家國防安全的資源怎麼配置，所以他們關心議題非常廣泛，這些中央的兒少代

表除了參加我們 3 個的中央小組會議以外，在我們的倡導之下，我們也會期待就

是各部會還有立法院、司法院甚至是監察院，他們在討論有關兒少議題的時候

都可以邀請這些兒少代表，所以就是我們的相關部會在討論這些議題，譬如說

司法院他在他友善兒少的出庭環境還有完善他的家事與少年事件程序的會議，

還有國家教育研究院會研修課綱，還有勞動部保障兒少勞動權跟職場安全，這

些議題都會邀請兒少代表來參加，那就是在去年的時候，因為我們其實這些兒

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 少代表是跟著成人參與我們這些中央的會議，所以他們也很期待說有一場是專

門屬於兒少的全部參與的人員都是兒少的，所以衛福部特地就從 2019 到 2022 年

邀請各部會共同辦理一場只有兒少的一場平台會議，他們在那邊也提出了很多

議題，那我們也邀請相關部會共同回應他們的意見，以上是我的回應、謝謝。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

謝謝，我本來覺得這是一個簡單的問題，但是有非常充分的回覆，謝謝提到了

兒少可以怎麼參加地方以及中央政府的會議，謝謝，這是我們第一輪的問答，

謝謝各位的回覆，接下來我們進入第二章。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

在 CRC 的報告以及報告的討論當中有分章節，那第二章是兒童的定義，我們假

設大家都同意 CRC 的定義，也就是 18 歲以下的人都視為兒少，有一些例外的狀

況，不過我想在這邊沒有什麼例外的狀況吧？也就是 18 歲以下都視為兒少，那

我也知道目前臺灣正在討論要把刑事責任的年齡要從 14 歲降到 12 歲，這個稍後

我也有興趣來討論一下，好，如果委員這邊針對第二章沒有問題我們進入第三

章，第三章就是一般原則，就是針對第 2 條、第 3 條、第 12 條，Laura Lundy 教

授，接下來時間交給您。

Laura Lundy 委員：

謝謝大家，謝謝各位提供的詳細資訊，正如主席剛剛提到的這個章節是一般性

原則，所以我的問題會問得比較廣泛，因為這些議題必須要分別在教育、替代

照顧等等下面去討論，那我想我先談一下第 2 條禁止歧視，我的第一個問題就是

關於國內的法令，請問國內有沒有與禁止歧視相關的法律？它是不是說如果有

個兒少他像是假設我是一個原住民的女童的話，我覺得我受到了歧視我在這個

法下我可以做甚麼？這是第一個問題，第二個問題是針對數據方面，再次感謝

各位提供了詳盡的數據，我也注意到了，有根據男性跟女性的資料，分別有時

候有原住民跟兒少的資料，有時候是根據障礙別來分類，我想要知道是不是有

定期的蒐集這些分門別類的兒少資訊，比方說在教育跟健康這方面分門別類的

資訊，那有沒有把障礙做為分門別類的類別？一個障礙別來特別蒐集資訊，那

障礙兒少是不是有繼續分類呢？譬如說智能障礙跟身心障礙的兒少是很不一樣

的，它是不是也包含了 LGBTQI 的兒少資料，是不是有這樣的分門別類？我想知

道的是兒少資料的蒐集，那在學校的這個性別平等上面我們也蒐集到很多的資

訊，謝謝。我想要了解一下，性別教育在校園裡面，這個教育的品質是不是有

受到監督呢？這樣子的教育是優質的教育內容嗎？最後一個問題，跟無國籍兒

少有關，那他們要取得這個居留證 ARC，這些無國籍兒少如果沒有 ARC 的話他

們到了 18 歲會面臨甚麼狀況呢？我想這個跟第 2 條有關跟第 3 條也有關，我問

一個問題也就是兒少最佳利益相關的問題，感謝國家報告提供的資訊，我覺得

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 有蒐集一些良好實踐作法的案例，非常好，也有一些跟兒童權利相關的訓練，

那麼我們關切的是兒童最佳利益這個原則常常受到誤解，如果受到誤解的話極

有可能損害兒少權利，我們想要知道針對從兒童最佳利益的相關訓練內容是甚

麼呢？那有沒有注意到 CRC 公約的第 14 號一般性意見呢？第 6 條生存權、發展

權，各位提到臺灣的生育率很低，但是兒少死亡率卻很高，特別是自殺的比例

和交通事故的死亡率，我要的問的是死因追溯的問題。看起來目前只適用於 6 歲

以下的兒少，我的問題是為什麼限定在 6 歲以下呢？為什麼並不是針對 18 歲以

下所有兒少進行死因分析呢？而在自殺這一塊，我覺得這個跟稍後的心理健康

比較相關，我不會問得太深但是我知道自殺的原因，我們看到多半是個人原

因，我們想要知道有沒有做甚麼研究去了解他們是否有一些精神上的健康問

題，可能是出自於結構性的問題，比方說是學校壓力太大，另外在交通事故方

面一樣感謝各位提供了詳盡的回覆，但是我想要知道地方政府是不是會被強迫

一定要去檢查兒童上學的路途是否安全呢？最後來到第 12 條，我要讚賞臺灣從

2017 年到現在做出的莫大進展，真的做出很多努力，有很多落實在這麼短短的

時間就做到了，我的問題要問到的是有一些兒少參加兒少代表他們感覺好像是

某一些菁英兒少，雖然他們有參加一些委員會，但是似乎是來自某些特定階層

的兒少，我們也看到有很多法律上面諮詢有包含兒少，但我想知道說你們怎麼

讓兒少知道其實政府做出改變是因為他們提出這些意見，也請給我們一些例

子，就是法律跟政策上面做哪些是因為有兒少的參與而你們決定要去修正的

呢？最後還有一個特定的問題，有沒有做甚麼事情來鼓勵兒少參與家庭生活有

甚麼例子呢？比方說家庭教育中有甚麼樣子的內容鼓勵父母多聽聽兒少的聲音

呢？最後關於法院，我們聽到了少年司法但是我想知道在家事法庭又是如何

呢？因為臺灣的離婚率很高，如果我是一個兒少，父母要離婚了，有沒有人會

來問我的意見，然後在做出親權決策的時候也會考慮到我的意見呢？謝謝。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

好的，那麼就請政府代表來回覆。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

先請法務部說明一下，平等法或是無歧視法。

行政院人權及轉型正義處代表：

行政院人權及轉型正義處針對委員剛剛詢問的，有關國內是不是有相關禁止歧

視的法令以及後續臺灣要制定綜合性的反歧視法，也就是平等法的部分做簡要

說明，有關委員剛剛所提到的，國內現行的相關禁止歧視法令的確目前在相關

的包含就業、教育以及個別特定的像是族群乃至於性別、身心障礙等等散見在

相關的法令，目前是有相關禁止歧視的法令，那但是就如同剛剛委員所舉例

的，如果以原住民女童受到歧視的狀況，那可能在教育場域或者其他生活場域

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 受到歧視的時候可以如何主張？那這也呈現出目前相關的散見在各個法令的禁

止歧視的規定，可能後續我們還需要再努力的部分，也就是目前比較完善的規

定是在性別平等的這個部分，所以包含在學校的性平平等教育，他有相關的申

訴乃至於救濟的機制，但是在涉及像是這樣子交織性的歧視的狀況或者是在個

別領域他可能是有所不足的，那這也是為什麼目前我們在今年 5 月行政院所定稿

頒布的國家人權行動計畫裡面，有特別去回應先前包含兩公約國際審查的結論

性意見也多次給我們建議，要去研擬訂製綜合性的平等法，也就是把目前散見

在各個法規裡面的禁止歧視的規定做整體性盤點跟整合後，我們要研議去制定

一個綜合性平等法，那當中當然包括會處理有關交織性歧視等等相關問題，那

這個後續會在依照我們目前計畫是在 2024 年，就是今年 5 月所頒布的這個國家

人權行動計畫有關於制定綜合性平等法的部分，會在 2024 年提出一個綜合性平

等法的草案，那這是目前行政院人權處這邊目前正在做包含相關法規的盤點，

那後續也會廣泛的徵詢各方的意見，那來去把這樣一個法案把他研擬提出，以

上說明。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

統計資料的蒐集，主要關切的是教育跟健康例子，請教育部先說一下你們的資

料的統計蒐集，謝謝。

教育部學生事務及特殊教育司代表：

大家好，我是教育部學務特教司副司長黃蘭琇，剛才委員提到有關於相關教育

統計資料這個部分，教育部每年都會定期跟各級學校蒐集相關的資料，包括剛

剛委員有提到的，針對於身心障礙學生，每年都會有特殊教育的統計，根據不

同的教育的階段，不同的性別以及障礙程度，他是在哪邊就學以及我們提供相

關支持服務，每年定期都會發布我們特教統計的年報資料，這部分我們也是因

應對於身心障礙者的權益的一個重視，我們現在有規劃要有中英版部分，我們

希望可以公開到網路上讓更多人知道相關資訊，那剛才就是有關教育統計資料

是這樣子。那剛有提到對於性別平等教育的議題重視，那有關於性別平等教育

我們有《性別平等教育法》，規定由中央主管機關、地方主管機關跟各級學校都

要設立一個性別平等教育的教育委員會，那這個性平會裡面的組成一定要有性

別平等方面的專家學者，家長代表以及各地方代表共同參與，那在教育部裡面

也有性別平等教育諮詢會，也會針對於我們所有性別平等課程的教材、師資以

及政策的制定以及有一些性別事件的防治，會有一個部層級的性平會來推動性

別平等教育的工作，所以剛剛委員提到對於他的內容跟制度我們是有一個很完

整的規劃在進行這件事情的。那另外剛剛委員特別關心，就是我們兒少交通意

外事故有沒有針對我們兒少上學途中的路去進行檢查？那這件事情在行政院是

高度關注的，在我們行政院的治安會報裡面有一個交通安全小組，在定期的追

蹤這件事情，我們今年度有啟動一個非常大的道安的計畫、道路安全計畫，全

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 面的去盤點各級學校附近的一些危險道路，進行一個大規模的盤檢，我們找相

關單位去會勘，哪一些地方可能經常發生事故，哪些地方可能比較不安全，對

兒童造成危險的去做全面清查，那我知道其他像是交通部、內政部其實有編列

預算希望改善這些路口，讓孩子上學的路途是安全不受到威脅的，這也是行政

院列管的部分，以上回應說明到這邊，謝謝。

衛生福利部社會及家庭署代表：

好，我是衛福部社家署的署長，我就身心障礙兒少的一些相關的數據來跟各位

委員做說明，基本上在身心障礙有鑑定跟需求評估，我們建了一個很大的系統、

資訊系統，對於所有的相關服務都在這個資訊系統裡面，從各個地方政府源頭

就會建立，那也包括醫療院所的鑑定跟我們社工的一些需求評估，所有的數據

我們也會按照障礙的類別，包括心智障礙、肢體障礙、視覺障礙、聽語障這些

各類的障別，我們也都有分門別類來做相關統計還包含年齡，那也會依照他們

的需求，他有接受到甚麼補助、相關輔具或者是相關服務還有甚至於他有參加

日間的一些設施，那我們也都有做相關服務的資料，那甚至於早療，我們自己

另外也有特別針對早療的一些服務也有系統，也會跟教育體系，國民健康署的

早療通報的聯合評估體系，這個都有做資料介接，那也都有做相關的統計資料，

以上先做簡要的報告。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

謝謝，國健署健康統計。

衛生福利部國民健康署代表：

謝謝委員的提問，接下來國民健康署針對委員提問有關於兒童死因回溯分析的

問題，那國健署是依照 2019 年《兒童及少年福利與權益保障法》修法通過後，

在第 13 條明定中央衛生主管機關應進行 6 歲以下兒童死因回溯分析並定期公布

分析結果，所以國健署依照這個法規規定執行任務，執行兒童死因回溯分析以

探究兒童死亡情境的脈絡，來找到可以避免與預防的原因，進行兒童死因的回

溯分析，提供相關的單位可以預防的措施以及精進的制度改善的建議參考；那

目前的推動方式是以縣市的，依照地方縣市的特性因地制宜去發展具有效益的

兒童死因回溯分析的模式，來歸納降低兒童死亡原因的介入的一個重點，提供

預防策略跟行動擬定的一個參考，以上說明。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

健康統計是哪一個部門負責的？是健保署還是國健署？謝謝，請跟委員說明一

下，謝謝。

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衛生福利部中央健康保險署代表：

謝謝委員提問，那全民健保總共有 84 年實施到現在總共有 27 年的國民的健康資

料，堪稱相當的完整，我們的申報資料會搭配 ICD 9 或 ICD 10 的申報資料配合

社家署所提供的身心障礙的鑑定會區分，分門別類來做統計，那包括年齡層分

布包含縣市等等，以上簡單的說明。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

性平處請說明一下，LGBTI 的統計。

行政院性別平等處代表：

是，各位委員好，行政院性別平等處代表發言，有關於委員關心的數據統計部

分，我們國家在 2006 年開始推動性別主流化，引導各部會建立了性別統計專

區，行政院本身也有建立性別統計的資料庫，有了這樣的性別統計還有資料庫

以後，我們也引導各部會持續的增加這個統計的指標跟副分類的內容，包括除

了性別之外，我們期待引導部會應增加性別與年齡、性別跟身心障礙或性別跟

族群等交織性的性別統計，幫助我們在制訂政策可以更完善；那相關部會增加

性別統計還有公布性別統計還有副分類的表現，我們是透過兩年一次的實地到

各部會的性別平等的業務的輔導考核，實地查核他們的表現情形，並反映在考

核分數上。有關於 LGBTI 兒少性別統計部分，因為 LGBTI 相關調查是比較敏感

的，所以我們今年特別針對 LGBTI 的群體辦了一個生活狀況的調查，針對 15 歲

以上居住在臺灣地區的國民，透過匿名的網路問卷調查，我們是委託相關

LGBTI 的專業團體來進行的，藉此了解他們就學、就業還有生活各面上所遇到

的問題，作為我們未來推動相關政策的參考，以上。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

無國籍兒童請內政部。

內政部戶政司：

主席，我這邊是內政部戶政司，那剛剛委員們提到無國籍兒少居留部分，等一

下我們移民署來回應，那我們針對無國籍兒少的部分，當然目前如果說這些無

國籍兒少有被我們國人收養的話，那當然他就是循歸化的程序可以取得我們中

華民國的國籍然後在臺灣繼續生活，那實務上如果說，無國籍兒少他是譬如說

他目前被相關社福機構所照護，那我們也可以由這個社福，社會福利的主管機

關代為協助他申請歸化，那這個部分是針對於無國籍的部分，以上做一個說明。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

謝謝，接著下來請心健司幫忙處理一下自殺。

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衛生福利部心理健康司代表：

跟委員各位報告一下關於自殺的部分，其實我們從臺灣這 10 年來可以看到很緩

慢的自殺率從兒童、青少年到青年的自殺率緩步的上揚，當然以前臺灣的自殺

率在兒少自殺率是低的，但是這 10 年來隨著臺灣工業化、商業化的發展以及家

庭支持力道的降低，確實我們可以看到一個很緩慢的上升，那這幾年如果大家

看到，應該說這 5 年大家可以看到在青年、青少年自殺率有突然增加，但是如果

我們扣除跳樓的因素，其實就沒有這麼明顯，那也就是說這 10 年來因為臺灣高

樓的增加導致很多青少年、青年的衝動性跳樓自殺，那這也是我們未來防治的

重點，以上跟各位報告。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

接著兒童最佳利益。

衛生福利部社會及家庭署代表：

有關於兒童最佳利益的部分，社家署有編一個案例的彙編，就是供大家做教育

訓練使用，那這個案例的彙編所探討的領域包括了孩子的那個 Medical Care 的領

域，還有福利的領域、司法、教育的領域，那我在這邊就容我花一點時間，就

譬如說針對醫療的領域的時候，就會針對孩子在就醫的時候他無法表達自己意

見兩難的時候，這時候我們的相關人員要怎麼處理？那再來就是有關於罹患慢

性疾病的醫療自主權，我們現場實務上有時候會發現說可能父母因為信仰的關

係不願意讓孩子去就醫，那這時候孩子的最佳利益到底要怎麼去衡量？另外呢

也有針對說孩子他有一些心理健康的議題的時候，他有沒有主動尋求諮商的權

利？那在我們的福利領域的部分主要是針對安置機構，那在安置機構討論的議

題，就是因為在以往安置機構常常會要表演很多節目給外面的人來看，特別是

安置機構想要募款的話他就必須會叫孩子表演節目，但事實上這其實是違反兒

少的最佳利益，所以我們也藉由這樣的案例，在安置機構的教育訓練跟聯繫會

議的時候，就會透過這些案例來跟安置機構討論說要怎麼樣去看待孩子最佳利

益這件事情，那另外也有針對一些我們現在有一些小家長，可能有些父母比較

忙碌就會把孩子交給比較年長的孩子，就是我們說的小家長支持性服務就會探

討這些問題，那在司法領域的部分我們也特別關注就是說在家事案件當中兒少

被傾聽的權利是什麼？還有收出養案件，兒童最大的利益是什麼？那另外就是

針對矯正體系的部分，就是也會針對矯正體系的最佳利益的案例來去跟我們這

些司法部門的部分做討論，那在教育領域的部分是針對孩子比較關注的校園規

範、結社權利的部分，還有他在校園的感情教育還有手機使用的問題，那這些

案例我們都從最佳角度的方式出發，引導我們現場這些處理兒少事務相關的人

員討論怎麼處理這些議題。那剛剛委員有關心到兒少代表的部分，也是很擔心

說我們的兒少代表會不會都是比較屬於菁英的，那在這邊要跟委員報告，基本

上無論是地方或者中央兒少代表，我們都會鼓勵多元處境的兒少來共同參與，

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 所以從 2017 年到現在，其實中央跟地方已經有 39 名的身心障礙的兒少參與這樣

的公共事務一些參與，那也有參與 CRC 跟 CRPD 國家報告的國際審查的一些過

程，那我們現在的兒少代表除了身心障礙，我們也盡量納入原住民族、新住民

的家庭、經濟弱勢的家庭，現在其實也有那些曾經有安置經驗的兒少，有安置

機構經驗的兒少是我們的兒少代表，他就可以用他親身的經驗來告訴我們他對

安置機構有甚麼看法，他覺得安置機構應該在管理上要更有彈性、更尊重孩子

的表意權，那最後委員也有關心就是說兒少代表有促成哪一些政策或是措施的

改變？那這邊跟委員報告，在院兒權小組、部兒權小組，兒少代表都有提很多

案包含他們很關心的兒少有無集會結社自由，有沒有結社權，所以也因此這樣

的關係，《人民團體法》納入法規檢視清單，我們也要求相關部會研議是否保護

兒少的結社權，那另外也有邀請兒少參與討論網路霸凌議題，主要是行政措施

的部分，那至於兒少對於法案的一個影響，如同我們在國家報告所提到，現在

有一個兒童權利影響評估機制的試辦草案，分為兩個階段，我們有挑出了 64 部

跟兒少權益相關的法案要在 2021 到 2024 年試辦，那跟兒少比較相關的衛福部跟

教育部要在這 64 部中，擇定 5 部來進行權利影響評估，當他們法案有修正、或

有做修改的時候就必須要做這個權利影響評估，那這個權利影響評估很重要的

部分就是在第一階段的時候，必須要邀請兒少來參與他們的法案的修正，他們

法案修正的條文必須要徵詢兒少的意見，而且整個法案訂定標準必須要有相關

的一些兒少統計的 Evidence-based 的部分來訂定相關的條文，所以我們相信在這

樣的一個兒少評估權利影響機制納入兒少參與的話，以後兒少能夠對於攸關他

們權利的法案能夠有表達更多的意見，以上回應，謝謝。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

請教育部說明一下，家庭教育內容。

教育部代表：

我想我們先補充一下，兒少代表是不是完全由菁英的兒童參與，其實教育部也

有兒少的諮詢委員會，那我們在找這些兒少代表的時候其實是廣泛徵求有意願

擔任的兒少，他們來投件申請，那我們有透過一個篩選的機制，然後遴選適合

的兒少來代表出席，那這些的兒少代表我們會關注到，它會有除了都會區之

外，我們會兼顧區域的平衡，比如說會有偏鄉代表、身心障礙兒少代表也會有

原民、新住民的兒少代表等，那他們也關注很廣泛的議題包括他們其實最近很

夯的服儀的規範，還有學生的申訴管道、兒少參與比例還有心理健康、營養午

餐等等都是兒少關注的議題，促成修法其實最明顯的就是我們《高級中等教育

法》第 25 條，兒少參與校務會議的比例就是不得低於校務會議總人數的八分之

一，其實就是兒少他們積極爭取兒少參與表意的很明顯的一個例子，另外就是

對於服儀的規範也是，就是促成教育部去修正學校訂定服儀管理原則，以及增

訂國中、國小的服儀管理原則以及暢通申訴管道的部分都是，那在家庭教育的

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 部分，其實兒少也會關注，比方他會建議教育部、地方政府在提供家庭教育服

務的時候是否有特別關注兒少的議題等等，其實在教育部這邊，我們非常鼓勵

除了國教署，對於就是主管的高級中等學校之外，我們也鼓勵各縣市政府能夠

積極地建立對於兒少參與公共事務的管道，以上說明。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

最後請司法院。

司法院代表：

謝謝、剛剛委員有特別關注就是兒少如果說他的父母離婚，那在家事程序當中

如何去維護子女這樣的表達意願或是意見的權利，大概也就是 The right of the

child to be heard，這樣的一個權利。剛剛我在第一輪做簡單介紹，有提到不管在

哪一個事件程序都很看重兒少他這樣一個程序上的角色，那以父母離婚其實雖

然這樣的一個裁判離婚，在臺灣除了協議離婚之外，向法院請求裁判離婚的話，

那在 2012 年有個《家事事件法》 ，那除了在《家事事件法》已經施行 10 年之前，

那更早在《民法》的 1055 條之 1，法務部主管的《民法》就已經把兒權公約對

於子女的意見表達的權利入法了，那這是在實體規範的部分，所以如果說父母

離婚決定以後誰有來擔任主要照顧者，就是行使親權這樣爸爸、媽媽的角色的

時候，也一定會去了解孩子受照顧的意願，那這個要去維護未成年子女在即使

父母離婚、分居，如何地不影響到共同受到父母的家庭成長權益，所以在 2012

年《家事事件法》施行之後，我們除了在程序上透過起訴的提起視為調解的申

請，那引進家事調解也就是 Family Mediation 之外，去促進行使親權的父母能夠

透過平等對話看到孩子成長的需求，因為在臺灣的《民法》中即便父母要離婚

也都不影響到父母對孩子保護教養的權利，那尤其是在《家事事件法》施行後，

我們更去參考德國程序監理人制度，那引進程序監理人，即使調解階段也可透

過程序監理人維護子女表達意願跟意見的需求，那比如說除了程序監理人外，

我們還有引進家事調查官，也就是說法院決定跟子女有關的事情，比如說親權

行使的過程中法官依照過去交由地方政府委託的民間團體去進行社工的訪視，

提出一個訪視報告給法院外，法院還可以去交由家事調查官進行調查，那甚至

於說可以為孩子選任程序監理人，那由孩子的程序監理人來維護他家事處理程

序當中的一個表達見的權利，那昨天下午我們辦了今年度的一個兒童人權月的

研討活動，邀請德國科隆高院的副院長，還有英國的學者那跟臺灣的學界跟法

官代表進行這部分的討論，也就是討論剛委員提到的離婚案當中如何去維護子

女的權利，這邊要跟各位委員報告的是，臺灣其實在整個社會文化當中，過去

可能有一個小孩臺灣話叫做有耳沒嘴（閩南語），也就是說比較沒有去鼓勵孩子

表達他的意見，所以其實在家事案件剛剛委員提到離婚率這麼高的臺灣，其實

權利不會永遠只有權利，如何能夠去依照孩子的年齡跟身心成長狀況，那這中

間父母有沒有離間的課題或是孩子忠誠的議題，都是在聽取孩子意見必須同時

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 進行的專業評估，也就是我們希望孩子表達意見，真的在友善的環境下去提出

一個對他未來生活的一個想法，那能夠被法院真實地聽到，所以強調的應該是

在一個友善的環境之下去聽取他的意見，而不是在父母的影響，甚至於彼此拉

扯當中，他不得已的去提出說他的意見，我想這是我們非常不樂意看到的，也

非常謝謝委員的垂詢，謝謝。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

是不是可以休息 10 分鐘？

Laura Lundy 委員：

關於死因追溯這個問題，那為什麼只有 6 歲以下兒少會做死因追蹤跟分析呢？

衛生福利部國民健康署代表：

謝謝委員的提問，關於兒童死因回溯分析，目前國民健康署依照《兒少法》修

法的 13 條規定來辦理 6 歲以下兒童死亡原因回溯分析，那辦理的層次實際上進

行兒童死因回溯分析是在縣市層級下進行死亡回溯分析會議個案討論，那目前

辦理的方式雖然是法規是定 6 歲以下，但是我們會依照縣市執行的個案回顧的量

能來去決定是否納入 18 歲以下的兒童個案，以上說明。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

我代表行政院再回應一下，Lundy 剛剛的問題，因為在 6 歲以下的 child abuse 比

較嚴重，另外就是因為生病造成的死亡相對的高，所以我們先以 6 歲以下來做試

辦，那我們也在討論要不要提高 6 歲至 12 歲、或 12 歲至 18 歲，6 歲以上的意外

事故、車禍或是說沒有安全保護而導致，或是因為火災、地震導致保護這些意

外事故比較多，我們也會來思考看看要不要一起納入，謝謝。

衛生福利部李麗芬次長：

我這邊補充一下就是說剛剛講到年齡比較大的，他可能是意外事故比較高，所

以說我們社家署跟健保署這邊，我們現在每一季都會公布就是在就醫這個部分

的 ICD 10 的相關的外部環境因素的一個分析，所以我們知道有多少的孩子他是

車禍、意外、跌落、溺水等這樣的統計分析，我們每一季都有做公布，那另外

在心理健康的部分我們確實也看到特別是在少年的部分自殺率是提升的，那這

個部分我們也針對少年，我們可能無法針對死亡的來做自殺原因，可是針對有

自殺、可是他有獲救的情況下去了解為什麼自殺的原因，所以相關的統計與原

因的分析其實都是有的，以上說明，謝謝。

教育部代表：

不好意思，那個教育部也再補充一下，剛剛委員提到的分析，那其實 6 歲以後如

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 果進到幼兒園教育階段，進入到學校體系，幼兒園、國小、國中、高中、大學，

根據校園安全都要進行相關通報，那通報也都會有相關的死因，那我們每年也

會邀請專家學者針對我們每年通報出來的狀況去進行相關的分析跟研究，那也

會做後續的相關因應，每年都有定期針對各級學校裡面的校園安全事件去進行

統計跟分析，也有邀請專家學者為我們做內容的分析跟研究，好，以上補充。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

那麼在此死因追蹤的部分我想在加州社福體系已經行之多年，那就是針對兒少

的，特別是幼兒的死因分析呢？會去找出對兒少有哪些風險情境？因為有些孩

子如果是因為遭到受虐致死，那麼這個施虐的父母可能還有其他的孩子，那這

時候我們也要提供在這個家庭裡面其他幼兒需要的保護，這個做法好像已經大

概有幾十年的時間是在加州在做的。另外還有也是關於兒少表達意見權利的問

題，如果是 12 歲的孩子，我的父母要離婚了，那麼我好像聽到我知道有這件事

情，但是我沒有聽到在法院這邊有甚麼進度？那麼法院是不是會主動找孩子來

去詢問他的意見？那而且跟他們去解釋為什麼要請你來法庭？那麼是不是幾歲

以上的兒少會去給這樣的邀請孩子出庭？或者是說針對不同年齡的兒少他們會

到出庭的這個安排程序會是不一樣的呢？我先說一下在荷蘭的做法，我自己做

法官，所以我知道怎麼樣司法體系可以讓兒少表達意見，不過我想先聽聽看各

位的回答，事實上在荷蘭每年有 3 萬個孩子都會參與這些父母離異的這些司法程

序，那到底要實務上怎麼樣能夠去落實孩童在這些事務上的表達意見的權利？

請各位先回答。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

請司法院。

司法院代表：

好的，謝謝主席再一次讓我有機會說明一下臺灣在家事法院的部分的作法，我

剛剛有提到說家事法院在 2012 年《家事事件法》施行後，已經在《家事事件

法》106 條已經把兒少、如果他的父母要離婚，那這個孩子雖然他不是原告或是

被告，但是父母離婚這件事情對於孩子的影響是非常重大且深遠的，那所以在

106 條當時的立法者就要求法院要去重視這個孩子聽審請求權，也就是說他在父

母離婚程序中他是陳述的主體，為什麼？父母離婚其實實際上影響的就是孩子

生活的權利，所以這樣的一個宣示，那其實主席有提到年齡的問題，在《家事

事件法》要求只要是提到 7 歲的孩子就有程序的能力，也就是那如果這 7 歲孩子

會因為他的這樣的身心發展不同，那所以我們設計了有程序監理人制度，法院

只要認為有需要就可以選任程序監理人，那臺灣的程序監理人有三種不同背

景，他可能是社工師、心理師或者律師，那法官會依照個案的情形去選擇哪一

個專家來作為他的程序監理人，所以剛主席有詢問到那每個孩子到法庭聽取意

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 見，在怎麼樣一個實務操作？現在法庭大概都提供有遊戲室，能夠在開庭之前

經由家事調查官或者司法事務官進行孩子出庭前的評估，那有一些情況是法官

很難聽取的，譬如說孩子客觀上並還沒有去表達他意見的能力，譬如說他還是

嬰兒時期，所以這時候有沒有需要去幫他選任程序監理人去代表他表達他的意

見或是法官可以聽，透過跟他直接的接觸去觀察他跟主要照顧者之間的互動情

形，比如說親密關係的依附的情形，那這個部分當然也可以委由家事調查官進

行調查，提出調查報告給法官參考，如果他有表達意見權利，這時候通常法官

就會請他到法庭來，但是不見得是在正式的法庭，有時候就是在遊戲室，然後

透過開放性的問題跟孩子建立會談的關係，那去了解他如果不跟父母住一起，

對他生活會有甚麼影響？另外，這樣一個過程中要有適合的陪同人可以陪同他

一起在法庭上來加強他的一個安全感，還有事前也要經過準備，也就是讓他可

以瞭解說為什麼法院要請他來法院，那是什麼樣的事情，這個活動的過程對他

未來的生活會造成什麼樣的影響，那在事後可能也會有一個專家去了解說開完

庭之後對他生活有什麼樣的改變嗎？譬如說他的父母有沒有試圖想要從他這邊

去影響到他表達意見的情形？避免對他的照顧造成相關權益的影響，這大概臺

灣實務上的做法，而且今年 5 月份其實臺灣的憲法法院也透過憲判第 8 號並且明

確地要求，其實每一個孩子在父母要離婚的案件中都有程序的主體的地位的，

那怎麼樣如何確保他人格成長的健全發展還有表達意見的權利，可以必須要透

過一些專家的協助來去提供給法院這個相關的一個協助，但是目的無他，都是

希望能夠去確保孩子能夠聽見他們對於父母即將離婚對他造成未來生活的影

響，那以上的補充，謝謝。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

非常感謝這樣子的資訊，對於我們了解實務做法很有幫助，讓我們了解到了兒

少的表意權以及兒少友善的環境，讓我們知道兒少在甚麼環境之下最自在的表

達呢？就是在他所居住的家裡家內，所以法官可以進到兒少的家裡去聆聽兒少

的意見，我自己也做過可以了解他們在自己的房間裡會做什麼，會進行甚麼活

動，在這樣子的環境裡兒少會覺得很安全，那至於兒少在一些相關法庭的程序

當中是否可以提起上訴等等，也是一個我有興趣的問題。不過請待我與委員們

私下簡短討論一下。我們剛剛在討論委員跟大家的心理健康，因為我們在考慮

是否要休息一下，但是因為已經 11 點了，我們這個場次 12 點就要結束，如果休

息的話，等一下的環節只剩 40 分鐘，那麼我們委員同意繼續進行到 12 點，接下

來由 John Tobin 教授提問，他會聚焦在第四章公民權與自由這個段落，有可能會

有一些熱烈的討論，不過這個部分就交由 John Tobin 教授。

John Tobin 委員：

謝謝大家出席，提供很多的資訊，我覺得國家報告的內容非常充實，謝謝，這

一個章節可能會有一些可以熱烈討論的問題，第一個也就是比方說這些自由表

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 達的權利，我知道在網路這個方面臺灣的使用非常多，那麼在臺灣的偏鄉地區

的這個兒少好像依然有一些網速、網路上面的落差，第二身心障礙的兒少或者

是有視覺障礙的兒少，他們在表達自己的意見以及接受資訊的時候或許會受到

一些阻礙，那麼針對所有年輕人，我想知道的是讓年輕人了解怎麼樣子去使用

網路？不管是表達意見及接受資訊這塊，他們是在幾歲的時候會學到一些適當

的做法呢？在學校裡面是有一些課綱、課程教大家網路的正確使用方法嗎？來

接受資訊也好，來表達意見也好，那第三個部分的問題也是跟網路有關，相關

於法規部分，有許多挑戰就圍繞著網路的使用，我知道這個議題之前已經有提

到了一些相關的法規，那...譬如說分級等等，我們想知道政府做了什麼事情來確

保一個好的平衡，一方面可以保護兒少，一方面又可以培力兒少，就是就網路

上面的使用，我也想要知道，怎麼樣邀請兒少來參與一個過程，來一方面了解

網路的相關法規，一方面又知道怎麼樣正確的使用網路，基於隱私權在國家報

告裡面，以及 NGO 的報告當中我們看到學校裡面，可能有一些隱私權的問題，

譬如說身體檢查會檢查到私處，我很想要知道為什麼會需要檢查這些部位？兒

少如果遇到這樣的要求他可以拒絕嗎？是什麼樣的狀況會使得學校可以對兒少

採取這樣的檢查呢？如果父母跟兒少之間的意見有所不同的話，針對這些學校

身體健康檢查意見不同的話會怎麼辦？另外再講到資料的管理，在我自己的國

家，我們可以看到個人的隱私資料有大幅度的洩漏，這個在澳洲是一大問題，

早上我也聽到臺灣也想要去管理好這樣子的個人資訊，那麼必須要確保在不一

樣的地方，譬如說在學校，當然學生可以取得自己的資訊，學校有可能會使用

學生的資訊，然後政府有可能會使用學生的資訊，但是這方面要怎麼確保學生

可以保護自己的隱私權呢？以上。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

先請 NCC 回應，然後等一下請數位部。

國家通訊傳播委員會代表：

各位國際審查委員大家好，那我是 NCC 的代表，首先我就兒少網路安全的部分

先跟各位來說明，網路內容包羅萬象所涉範圍非常廣，民主先進國家都是避免

公權力直接介入網路，致力由多方利害關係人共同參與來討論，來凝聚這個網

路議題共識的網路整體架構，都是業者自律先行，然後來輔以社會的他律，我

們國家也是這樣，不過當自律或者他的成效不彰的時候，那網路不妥內容危害

公共利益甚至兒少權益的部分，我們就會透過公權力來處理，我要特別說的就

是 NCC 是依照《兒童及少年福利與權益保障法》第 46 條第一項規定，為了防止

兒童及少年接觸有害及身心發展的網際網路內容，召集各目的事業主管機關委

託民間團體成立 iWIN 網路內容防護機構，這個機構也就是剛剛委員所垂詢的，

就是在內容分級跟年齡驗證還有整個過濾兒少不宜內容的相關做法，我先做以

下的報告，那首先來說明就是網路內容分級，我們其實在之前有一個《電腦網

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路內容分級處理辦法》，在 101 年 6 月廢止，後來都是由業者他針對他所提供的

服務自主採取分級的機制，比方說臺灣人最常下載的 APP，像是 APP Store 跟

Google Play 平台，他們除了提供軟體開發商應注意的準則之外，而且他會做一

些分級包含呈現內容的警語，那當然這個分級可能因國家有不同，但是在臺灣

有適合我們的，那這個家長就可以在孩子的手機上去設定過濾不適齡的 APP，

然後避免兒少下載使用，那另外就是我們國內比較看的像 LINE TV、Netflix 這些

較具規模的 OTT 平台也會把所有的影音內容進行分級，然後為利兒少近用適齡

的內容，規劃有兒少影音專區或是類似篩選推薦機制，可以搭配帳號限制功能

來供家長跟兒少參考運用，另外年齡驗證機制的部分，其實也是屬於防護措施

的一環，iWIN 有做一個例示框架，那這個框架可分成型式跟嚴格的年齡驗證兩

種，但是現在年齡驗證沒有強制力的法律規定的標準，所以多年來 iWIN 的防護

機制，這個機構他持續跟業者進行自律的溝通，研議如何在避免兒少在接觸不

適齡的網路內容前提下，促使業者可以採用成年使用者也能接受的年齡驗證機

制，那目前比較常見的形式有透過信用卡或身分證證明文件等進行驗證，那另

外就是第三個是在過濾軟體或是防護機制的推廣，iWIN 在他的官網上有設置專

區來推介過濾軟體，除了教育宣導，促進家長在手機電腦裝設過濾軟體外，也

設立一個專區介紹，而且定期更新各類的免費、付費的過濾軟體，這個包含教

育部守護天使 3.0 供家長跟教師參考，另外 iWIN 也定期整理有害兒少身心的網

路名單，也就是我們常見的黑名單，例如當 iWIN 跟平台業者無法聯絡或是平台

業者難以要求設置防護措施，或者經過多次通知仍不移除不當內容的這些網路

平台，就會列入黑名單，來提供這個教育部的過濾軟體的跟中華電信色情守門

員參考納入過濾名單，電信業者也會提供過濾軟體譬如說中華電信色情守門員

或者是亞太電信、遠傳、台哥大等等都有提供相關的服務；搜尋引擎、ISP 業者

他們也會提供相關的防護的機制，再來就是 iWIN 為了促進業者建立自律的機

制，他會透過訂定網路有害兒少身心健康內容防護層級例示框架，這個框架是

使網路平台業者跟民間團體對於這個自律標準跟防護機制有較具體的認知，每

年舉辦 4 場多方利害關係人的會議，來討論在網路上不妥內容或是爭議案件處理

標準，凝聚業者對於自律的共識，也輔導被申訴的網路平台業者建立自律的機

制，每年也會針對特定議題或是類似平台的業者辦理教育訓練，目前經過 iWIN

的防護機構長期的溝通，譬如 Twitter 或是臉書、DCARD 等，國人常使用的社群

平台有建立綠色溝通管道，那再來就是教育的部分， iWIN 為了提高民眾網路安

全素養，提高學生、父母、教師乃至於大眾的網路使用安全知識，也同時提升

大家對於機構的績效度，每一年都會辦理至少 25 場的校園宣導，內容包含網路

素養、網路交友、網路霸凌、詐騙防治、兒少私密照、個資的保護、防護工

具、這防護工具，譬如說剛剛報告的過濾的軟體推廣等主題，那同時也提供學

生在遇有上網安全問題時候的救助管道跟資源，那另外 iWIN 也會請地方教育局

處協助特別針對於家長、教師跟一線志工辦理教育訓練，為了擴大宣導的效

益，每年也會在全國各區辦理親子休閒場域辦理大型的宣導活動，透過關闖的

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 遊戲設計來深化民眾對於宣導內容的印象，這個機構也持續在臉書粉絲團整理

兒少的網安的議題案例，把正確的上網觀念轉換成青春而富有教育意義的網路

安全貼文、圖卡、宣導影片，吸引網路使用者點擊，或是跟相關平台業者合作

設計相關遊戲，以多元管道培養兒少網路安全觀念，提高參與者的網路使用素

養，那最後就是我想 iWIN 除了接受各方包括兒少或是學生、家長各種申訴受

理，協助被害人外，也會持續透過各種的實體、線上活動，像包含兒少家長、

教師等宣導對象，宣導安全上網觀念以及避免如何落入網路陷阱，還有遇到困

境時的救助管道來提升整個社會大眾的網路素養，以上報告。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

數位發展部。

數位發展部數位產業署代表：

數位發展部數位產業署代表發言，我們在《兒少法》的授權下有訂定一個《遊

戲軟體分級管理辦法》，規範遊戲產業，針對遊戲內容進行分級，那這個分級的

部分目前是分成 5 級，包含普遍、保護、輔 12、輔 15 歲還有限制級，那我們會

另外要求業者要進行像是遊戲情節、警語的標示；限制級的部分，我們會另外

要求遊戲業者必須要進行分區分類的上架，而且在網頁上必須架設保護兒少的

防護或者過橋頁面等，產業署這邊也會每一年定期抽檢這些遊戲內容是否符合

遊戲分級標示，如果沒有符合，我們就會要求業者進行改善，每一年也會進行

校園宣導，教導兒少正確使用遊戲觀念以外，也避免兒少接觸不適齡的遊戲，

除了像是遊戲分級的宣導以外，產業署也會結合像是一些網路使用安全，然後

防治性剝削、網路霸凌、詐騙等等，像是教導兒少不可任意傳送陌生人性私密

影像等等，那我們除了對兒少還有教師這一方面的宣導以外，近年我們也是持

續辦理大型的地方宣導活動，共同教育親子並且建立正向網路跟遊戲使用的觀

念，產業署每一年也會透過辦理兒少表演營隊的方式，廣邀中央跟地方兒少的

代表，以及全台兒少參與活動，並且蒐集彙整兒少對於整個遊戲分級辦法的想

法，來作為未來法規政策修訂的內容參考，以上謝謝。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

請教育部補充一下縮短數位落差特別是偏鄉、身心障礙，還有學校網路素養教

育以及還有隱私權健檢的議題，謝謝。

教育部資訊及科技教育司代表：

教育部資科司代表發言，那有關於校園網路部分，對於高級中等教育的部分，

因為教學需求在有線跟無線網路提供學生來存取網路，各校的一般教室現在無

線網路涵蓋率是到 100%，校內骨幹網路也達到 1Gbps 以上，校外聯外的頻寬部

分達到是 300M/bps 以上，那大校的部分也達到 1Gbps 以上，至於偏鄉原鄉地區

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 這個部分的學校，因為可能跟都會地區的環境會有一些差異，比較不容易跟都

會地區一樣，所以 2021 年時有請各地方政府就偏遠學校、原鄉部分，因地制宜

實施短期的教學方案降低學生受教落差，降低數位落差的影響。至於偏鄉或教

學資源不足的地方，在實行線上教學也有補助公共電視台製作教學影片，輔導

全國停止上課時間無法使用網路造成的差異，可以用電視頻道來輔助這一些中

低年級的學生，觀看數學跟國語課等教學影片來達到教學上一些資源不足的現

象，解決數位落差的問題。補充一下剛剛說的過濾機制，其實教育部也配合

iWIN 機構提供的黑名單，在校園的網際網路也有做內容攔阻的系統，針對黑名

單做適當阻擋， 2021 年阻擋次數達 4 億 990 萬次以上，那這個部分有隨機抽樣

阻擋成功率，在這個測試黑白名單阻擋達到 100%以上。在學生回到家裡面使用

的網路跟行動載具的部分，也有配合趨勢科技的合作網路守護天使來做適當的

攔阻，在 2021 年下載這個軟體的次數達到 9 萬多次，以上補充說明。

教育部代表：

教育部再補充一下，就是學生健康檢查以及學生隱私權保護的問題，因為考量

學生白天多數是在學校裡面上課，基於關心學生的健康，倘若由學生個別到醫

療院所做健康檢查的話，可能會受限於家長的時間有限，還有因為都會跟偏鄉

醫療的資源有差異，白天家長要工作或者家長在外地工作會有隔代教養、祖父

母等等相關的問題所以在臺灣是由政府統一協助安排學校每一年做一次兒少健

康檢查；剛剛委員有關心兒少可不可以拒絕？可以的，依據《學生健康檢查實

施辦法》以及學校健康檢查知情同意與隱私權保障的同意原則，當學校辦理學

生健康檢查之前，一定要有一個家長同意書，裡面會說明健康檢查的意義，還

有檢查的項目、進行的程序、流程還有日期、時間以及相關注意事項，請家長

充分的了解而且一定要經子女討論，或者子女也同意之後簽署送到學校來，學

校拿到家長同意書才會安排學生，他的子女接受學校的健康檢查，當然多數家

長其實是會同意的，因為健康檢查的目的當然就是及早知道自己的身體健康狀

況、及早治療，目前已經把兒少身體比較隱私的部分，譬如說腹部或是泌尿器

官等等私密檢查的部分，很具體的要求家長在該項目特別做勾選，如果家長不

同意，兒少、孩子不同意的話，就是家長自行帶兒少去醫療院所檢查，然後再

將報告交到學校就可以了。另外教育部也訂有學生健康檢查的工作手冊，那這

個工作手冊中很明確的規定，當兒少要進行私密部位檢查的時候，一定要有保

護的遮蔽簾，而且在那個檢查區裡面學生一進、一出，那個空間裡面除了醫護

人員之外，就是只有那個兒少，以保障兒少隱私權，然後也照顧學生的健康，

每一年這些資料其實也會回饋給家長，倘若他視力不好、體重過重、過輕等

等，都會做後續的追蹤，讓在疾病上可以及早預防，以上說明，謝謝。

教育部代表：

教育部再補充一下，剛剛委員有關心視障學生使用電腦的問題，教育部在淡江

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 大學有成立視障的輔具資源中心，會提供給這些視障學生盲用電腦、以及相關

的科技器材輔助設備，也會針對每一個視障學生不同的需求，要求專家學者為

他們進行評估，提供給他們需要且適合的相關輔具跟設備，協助他們上相關的

教育課程，也有請這些專家學者設計這些盲用學生、這些視障學生需要的課程

來增加他們資訊使用的能力，如果在輔具與設備無法完全滿足的狀況下，各校

也有助理人員協助視覺障礙學生解決他們使用電腦上面的問題，以上補充。

John Tobin 委員：

謝謝大家詳盡的回覆，講到這個學生健康的健康檢查，我想要知道的是所有的

學校都有嗎？還是到 12 歲為止？

教育部代表：

是、是到 12 歲，就是我們訂有一個國中小學生健康檢查的實施計畫，是到 15 歲、

對不起，國中小到 15 歲，是到 15 歲。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

好，有一個追問的問題，Vuckovic 教授要請教。

Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic 委員：

謝謝主席，謝謝各位提供如此豐富的資訊，協助我們釐清了許多之前讀到的書

面資訊，也跟其他的來源資訊可以對照，我想在兒少權利的各領域都反映出來

的議題就是資料蒐集、蒐集的方式，除此之外我也有個感覺，若我說錯的話請

糾正我，就是我認為臺灣很擅長蒐集統計數據也有充分的數據，有許多表格、

圖表這些都做得非常完善，我想這也反映出來了一種架構和組織的能力，而我

的問題也是一個關切之點，也就是是由誰來做研究分析跟評估？是大學嗎？像

我的朋友會跟我說，他們在研究裡面會使用這些資料做極多的分析，然後找到

重要的結論，我想請問的是，臺灣也有針對比方說社會、家庭這類議題的專門

研究機構嗎？或者是有一些法律研究機構嗎？還是由大學進行研究呢？我在看

國家報告各個章節以及對於問題清單的回復的時候，我都會想，是的，有很多

資料但是資料有甚麼用途呢？我沒有看到任何使用這些資料的研究，有沒有這

樣的科學研究多加善用這些很好的統計數據呢？我想能夠去做一些對照和評估

正是資料的用途，可是只有資料的話，我不太確定這些資料的有效性是甚麼？

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

謝謝 Vuckovic 教授，我有一個問題就是統計數據怎麼樣去改變了臺灣的法律跟

政策呢？因為我們看到了非常多的數字，有時候數字下降造成大家關切，有時

候數字上升似乎就代表好轉，但是問題是如果這些數據讓大家關切的話，是不

是會繼而基於這些數據，改變跟兒童權利相關的政策與法令呢？

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院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

請健保署示範一下你們健保統計怎麼讓學者專家去做研究。

衛生福利部中央健康保險署代表：

好，謝謝提問，那健保署剛才有報告過，我們其實有一個很龐大的資料庫，從

84 年到現在有 27 年的民眾健康資料，會搭配像是國健署或是社家署等等相關單

位的相關資訊彙整起來，我們會去做一個歸戶的資料庫，讓有興趣的學者或者

機構可申請，本署有訂定相關的辦法。我們整理這些資料歸戶後會放到資料庫

裡，然後透過申請程序，像學者或是機構如果對這些資料有興趣，他可以提出

研究計畫，透過申請機制來向健保署申請，我們會有一些委員去評估這些資料

是可行的，就會提供一個環境讓他去那邊做研究，原則上我們資料是不落地

的，學者必須把他的資料、計畫帶到封閉空間去做研究，他只能將他的結果攜

出，而不能將個別的資料帶出，這是為了保護民眾的隱私所做的一個規劃，先

簡單的以上作補充說明。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

好，接著請保護司說你們的兒少保的資料蒐集跟應用，等一下教育部說明一下

中輟跟校安資料，怎麼樣運用到你們的方案或政策的改變上，謝謝。

衛生福利部保護服務司代表：

好，謝謝委員的詢問，衛生福利部保護服務司做說明，我們長期針對臺灣的兒

童少年遭受虐待都有相關的一些統計，那在這些統計裡頭，我們一段時間就會

去分析樣態或者受虐的兩造關係，因此我們在統計數據中發現，例如說我們發

現有些嚴重的個案、案件似乎要讓司法能夠早期介入，然後透過醫院、警察、

司法法院、檢察官、社工提早介入合作，打破過去以社工保護為主的作為，因

此我們在《兒少權法》中修法，把這個政策、發現帶入我們實際上去實質的保

護；那另外剛提到死因回溯分析，為什麼是 6 歲？也是因為我們長期追蹤這些案

件，我們發現嚴重致死案件的年齡都是比較小的，他自我保護還有家庭風險因

子各方面，沒有跟正式的支持系統過多的接觸，風險相較高因此那時候在立法

上面，我們就加入了 6 歲的死因分析，除此之外，長期發現我們有很多工作都放

在三級，也就是發生之後都很嚴重，因此在政策上面發現我們需要及早的預

防，所以在這一次社會安全網中，我們把二級、初級的工作都布建在社區裡

頭，雖然目前沒有立法，但是在政策上面做了非常多的補充，那這都是我們在

實務透過這些數據、大數據分析，發現有這樣的趨勢而做的一個政策改變，以

上補充。

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教育部代表：

教育部補充兩點有關我們對兒少統計數據的分析，舉例，我們把兒少發生意外

事故的前五大傷亡的人數最多的原因，歸納出交通的事故、水域、溺水的事件，

還有從高處掉下來、墜落還有意外災害還有就是用藥這 5 個主要的傷亡因素，因

此我們發展了交通安全、水域安全、防墜安全、防災安全、食藥安全等 5 個很重

要的安全教育的教材，要求學校融入課程來運用，減少以後事故的發生。第二

個是教育部也有長時間的追蹤中輟學生的人數，也包括經學校輔導之後他有沒

有復學等等，中輟率跟復學率等等，從兒少的中輟的原因，我們去了解是學生

個人的因素嗎？或是家庭的因素、或是因為身體健康的因素、或者是他有經濟

的需求等等的，由各個重要的原因裡面我們去追蹤，然後也去做了一些教育上

措施，比方說如果是因為學生個人因素，我們就增加輔導人力，包含輔導老師、

專業的輔導人員包含心理師、社工師等等，也去強化學生輔導諮商中心的人力

等等；如果是因為家庭的因素，其實我們也跟社政、社會安全網的一些社政資

源做緊密的聯繫，協助他家庭功能的強健等等；還有如果他是因為經濟需求，

可能他有工作需要等等，當然他一定要成年才可以有工作，但是有一些離開高

中階段，離開校園是因為他有經濟需求，除了提供校園裡頭的工讀機會或是做

經濟的補助之外，我們也會媒合這些就是有工作需求的成年學生，然後跟勞政

單位合作，介紹他一個比較安全、穩定的工作機會等等，我要說明的是教育部

善用各種的兒少的統計資料回饋到我們的政策面，去強化、建立一個兒少安全

的學習的環境，並且健全兒少身心發展，讓他可以在學習的路徑上走得更為穩

健，以上補充。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

行政院再補充一下，我們國家的研究單位有一個叫做國家衛生研究院，National

Health Research Institutes 專門對研究健康議題，在裡面也有關於兒童的一個小組

專門在 study 兒童的醫療跟 Welfare；另外有一個叫做科學委員會，National

Science Research Council，他們有兩個大型的長程的 Data 資料庫，一個是關於教

育的，從國小教育蒐集非常長程的資料，來討論臺灣的學生在不同世代，到底

受到的教育是否有改變，這些人未來出社會進入就業職場，有沒有得到很好的

應用？另外他們也做長程的臺灣家庭資料蒐集，這些都是由國家贊助學者，大

學的學者他們來申請，就各自找自己的興趣，那國家科學委員會就補助他們，

得到的資料或者研究報告，除了在國際上發表之外，也作為政策、政府在政策

推動上也非常多的機會使用這些研究的結論，有時候也會請他們到政府部門來

做為顧問，發表他們的研究結論，提醒政府有哪些趨勢需要注意，以上再做補

充。

Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic 委員：

那麼有沒有一些出版物，你會蒐集數據、也有做研究跟分析，那另外也有這些

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 不同的機構、那有沒有一些刊物、出版物讓大家可以看到這些？就算是國際上

的論文發表之外，是否還有其他的也許是期刊、雜誌可以去呈現這些研究成果？

比方說學生如果想要知道這方面的資訊，他就可以在國內找到這樣的一個文章、

這個刊物來去搜尋？

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

這些發表在國際上或是在國內的確都有很多的 Journal publication，那這都很容易

看到，那要用的都是公開的沒問題，有些研究是 Policy-base，就是為了政策推動

請某些學者來做研究，那他們做的研究就會 Feedback 到 Policy information 是有

的。

衛生福利部社會及家庭署代表：

基本上其實政府各部門也會針對他們執掌的業務自己做研究，目前針對政府部

門 做的 研究 ，我們 有一 個政 府研究 的資 訊系 統，就 是 Government Research

Bulletin，也有 English version 的，就是說如果我們在制定政策，或者是說一般學

者的對這個議題非常關切的話，可以上這個資訊網去查相關的研究，以上補充。

Laura Lundy 委員：

您之前也有提到，你們有去做兒童權利影響評估，非常好，而且也是很重要的

工作，我的問題是，是只有在您的這個部會有在做？還是這一個影響評估是各

部會一起來做呢？

衛生福利部社會及家庭署代表：

影響評估是各部會都有做的，我剛剛有提到目前正在試辦計畫，我們有召開一

個諮詢小組會議，邀請相關的民間團體還有相關的專家學者，那大家一起來挑

出必須要進入這個權利影響評估試辦計畫的法案有哪些？我們總共挑出 64 部法

案，那當然大部分都是衛福部跟教育部的法案，其他部會也有，所以我們會在

試做完畢以後，來檢討目前設計的機制，大家在評估的時候有沒有遭遇到什麼

困難，或者是說有什麼要做修正的，我們再來做檢討修正，以上。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

好的，我們這個場次就快結束，我還是有個問題必須要請教，因為好像貴國的

憲法法院做了一個決定，就是父母離婚的訴訟案件當中，兒童應該作為當事者

之一，所以如果我是 12 歲的孩子，那我們家有 3 個孩子，然後法院當然做了很

多的調停、調解之後，最後決定還是應該要跟著媽媽，我是一個 12 歲的男孩，

我不喜歡法院這個決定，所以我的問題就是我可以申訴這決定嗎？作為這個訴

訟的當事人之一，我可以申訴法院的判決嗎？各位現在不需要給我答案，但希

望午餐之後我可以聽到各位的答覆。

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院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

現在還有幾分鐘，請司法院回答。

司法院代表：

好的、謝謝主席對這個提問的追問，那也讓我有機會說明，我剛剛有介紹臺灣

在 2012 年的《家事事件法》已經引進了兒少的這樣程序聽審權，也就是程序上

若要作為主體，那我們有程序監理人制度，而且這個程序監理人他可以獨立對

法庭做出這樣的程序的決定，譬如說剛剛主席提到的 12 歲的男孩，對法院把他

這個親權，假設判給了他不想要跟他一起生活的譬如說爸爸好了，那這時候程

序監理人可以因為他是他的程序代表人，就可以透過會談了解孩子的意見，也

可以去向法院提出聲明不服，就是主席剛提到的申訴的程序，那他自己的意見

也可以向法院提出，不過通常這時候法院會詢問程序監理人，程序監理人意見

不用跟父母意見一致，而且這程序監理人也是不限於這個層級，也就是說他這

個是地方法院做成的決定，程序監理人到了二審高等法院，也可以對二審高等

法院所做決定，為了孩子的利益去表達他的意見，譬如說他對法院的判決是不

滿意的，那也就是主席剛剛提到的，他其實是可以表達他對法院決定的任何意

見，因為這決定關係到他未來的生活，不知道這樣的回答主席是否明瞭？或者

是有沒有要進一步追問的，謝謝您，在中午以前，謝謝。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

這個麥克風三不五時告訴我他不想要工作了、想要罷工，好的，那還有一個議

題很重要，那就是第四章的公民權，Cantwell 博士想要提問，那就是這個部分我

希望大家午餐之後再回覆，那我現在把時間交給 Nigel 委員。

Nigel Cantwell 委員：

謝謝、重點是身分權，也就是公約的第 7 條、第 8 條，首先我有一個追問的問

題，那就是內政部所提到的無身分兒少、無國籍兒少，我想要再釐清實際政府

採取哪些行動來對這些無國籍兒少？他們可能是接受政府機關的照顧，那我剛

剛聽到的答覆是政府可以幫助這個孩子申請取得國籍，用的是”May”這個字，那

我想請問為什麼用 May？可以「得」意思是政府可以去決定，去這麼做？還是

政府「獲准」可以這麼做？還是政府「會」這麼做？我覺得這個是很基本的問

題，因為我們知道無國籍的話會受到影響的兒少並不多，但是一旦有這樣的兒

少其實影響是非常大的，對他們的最佳利益、對他們的生活上都有很大的影

響，所以這是第一個問題，我想應該很容易回答。另外一個問題，那就是透過

捐精卵者所生產的兒少以及代孕生產的兒童，那我們獲得的答覆是臺灣代孕是

不合法的，這點我們了解，但是就我所知，的確有一些兒童是透過代孕的方式

生產，而這是臺灣的確有這樣的兒童，我猜他們是在海外，透過海外的代理孕

母生產的兒童，所以我想知道像這些孩童他們的地位，因為他們的代理、因為

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 代孕在臺灣是非法的，特別是我想知道這些兒童他們的出生登記、家庭關係，

尤其是這些兒童他們的跟代孕、代理孕母的關係，他們是不是自動可以取得臺

灣的國籍、居住權？取得必要的基本服務？這個問題很重要，全世界大部分的

國家其實代孕都是非法的，但是我們這邊關切的是，很多時候這些代孕生產的

兒童他們來到這個國家，而他們的法律定位往往不是很明確，所以我們想要了

解臺灣在這個方面的情形，就算這是假設性的問題，就是如果在臺灣發生非法

代孕的事情，那麼生出來的孩子他的身份地位又是如何？另外一個問題是針對

捐精卵生產的兒童，那我看到問題清單政府的回復說到，如果是捐贈精卵生產

的兒童在臺灣並沒有辦法取得他們原生家庭的資訊，除非他們後來被收養或者

是結婚之後才能夠去要求關於他們捐精卵者的身分資訊，我想請問為什麼這些

兒少沒有辦法去取得？為什麼他們不被允許去取得關於他們身世的資訊？單純

只是因為他們想知道自己的身世，可是不行？那麼在全球來講這種捐贈精卵生

產的兒童其實他們現在也都站出來疾呼，支持自己有權利、了解自己的身世，

所以我想這個問題呢在臺灣應該也是存在或者未來也可能會出現，如果能夠就

這些問題提供回應的話，我們會非常的感謝，也正如主席所說，在午餐過後，

再請各位提出回復即可。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

謝謝 Cantwell，好，現在是午餐時間，我們預計於下午 2 點回來，時間對嗎？

司儀：

是的、2 點鐘。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

祝大家用餐愉快，讓我們都充分休息過後下午再回來繼續開會，上午場次到此

結束，謝謝各位。

司儀：

那我們在四樓的貴賓廳會為各位準備午餐的餐盒，請攜帶您餐券去領取與享用，

在這邊提醒是今天報到的話，您的餐券已經在您的識別證後方了，如果您是昨

天報到完成的與會者，那請到我們的報到處領取餐券。我們的午餐會在四樓貴

賓廳提供我們的午餐餐盒，那各位可以搭乘我們的電梯及手扶梯前往到我們的

四樓的貴賓廳領取餐盒以及享用，也提醒稍後我們在 12 點半會在這會場進行清

場跟換場作業，請各位記得您的攜帶隨身物品，如果各位貴賓如果您是下午不

再參加會議的與會者，也記得歸還您的口譯設備與識別證。謝謝大家 ，我們稍

後的會議，下午的會議會在 2 點的時候準時開始。

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 Meeting Transcript

Emcee:

Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to the 2022 Review Meeting of the Second Report

under the CRC. We will cover Chapter 1 to 4. And I would like to introduce to you some

of the government representatives. Deputy Head of Delegates Ms. Li-Feng Lee, Deputy

Minister from MOHW and Deputy Minister Tsai from MOJ. Deputy Minister Tsai from

MOE, thank you for coming. And this is how this session is going to proceed, so one

round of questions will be given and government representatives will give the first round

of answers. If you are to respond to the questions, please raise your hand and the mic

will be handed to you. Simultaneous interpreting will be provided throughout the session.

In order for interpreters to hear you clearly and interpret your comments when you speak,

please pay attention to your pace. Without further ado, Mr. Chair, you have the floor.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Good morning, everybody. It’s really a pleasure to see so many people interested in this

dialogue between the government of Taiwan and the review committee. As already

explained it’s a Q & A matter, but it is part of the tradition of this kind of meeting when

it takes place in Geneva that the head of the governmental delegation is invited to make

a brief presentation of their report, but you also may not do it. It’s up to you. Because

you may not be prepared to have that particular presentation. And I assume that

everybody in this room knows what is in your report and so you don’t need to explain

that in the introduction. So then if you don’t want to have that particular introduction of

your report, then we start our dialogue this morning in the order of the report and the

order that is also internationally practiced and it means that we start with the first part

of the report and that it’s Chapter 1 on the General Measures of Implementation. It is

Chapter that is, I think to a large degree at least, based on Article 4 of the Convention on

the Right of the Child, which requires that states parties to the Convention shall

undertake a range of different measures for the implementation of the rights of the child.

So the first questions particularly on this measure... on this Chapter, on general measures

will be raised by Professor Nevena Vuckovic from Serbia and she has the floor to open

the dialogue with questions on the new report and the part on the general measures of

the implementation. Dr. Nevena Vuckovic.

Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic:

Hello. Good morning. Can you hear me? Yes? Good. Thank you, Mr. Chair, for giving

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me the floor and hello to everyone. I’m very happy that we started this process of state

review and the dialogue on the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of

Children in Taiwan. I think it’s a very important moment for me. It’s extremely

interesting and I’m very happy because it’s my first time with you and first time with

this group. And for them they are already a team who knows how to play because they’ve

played before. So I’ll move on to what we call Cluster No.1, and this is the Cluster that

deals with the General Measures of Implementation and I can say with the infrastructure

which is needed in any country so that all rights of the child can be realized. I’ll try to

be very brief and I will not cut my slot of questions in two, but I will ask several

questions. So if you can note down all measures of implementation and then you can

proceed with your replies and then we can have some follow up questions. So I’m going

to start with legislation very directly, very briefly because we have noticed so much

improvement in this period, five years. It seems that there was a lot of hard work from

both the Executive but also the Legislative Yuan in adopting new legislation. And we

also noted that you are also reviewing legislation that was there before. You incorporated

the Convention so you identify lots of gaps, regulations and other acts, but the process

is not finalized. So my question is, because for some things like that process you say,

"We are working on it." So my question is when do you want to proceed and are you

really sure that you have reviewed really everything? Also there is a question regarding

the child protection... Child and Youth Welfare and Protection Act. We have read it. We

have received it quite late and we have read it and you said that you may like in your

chart just one, one intervention and we believed we have... we need a special discussion

on that piece of legislation so that it is really harmonized with the CRC, and that you

can have a comprehensive law on rights of the child in accordance with the CRC. So if

someone can tell me a little bit more about that legislation, what was it motivated by? It

has a very welfare approach and it has a little bit of, I don’t know, some things which

are unusual in other laws like that around the world. Also that’s the first issue. The

second is the National Plan of Action for Children. We know that the government has

initiated the drafting of National Plan of Action for Children, but that plan has not

developed yet and there are some sector of plans, but we would like to ask you why it’s

not an overall plan of action for children developed and what are your plans to do that

because we’re keeping reviewing your replies to the List of Issues that it is planned, yes,

but we don’t know more details. For the coordination activities, yes, we talked about

coordination activities and we note really with appreciation and that the Minister without

Portfolio is actually doing that very difficult job of coordinating lots activities, but this

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is the child rights group... but what is worrisome is that the child rights group meets four

times a year and coordination in our view is something that is permanently established

than that group of people a secretariat, employed people on daily basis who actually

coordinate activities and very often they also do state monitoring. So they can do two

things, two measures within one and that saves money. But not just to have a sort of

group that meets once in four months, that’s not sufficient. So we would like your

thinking about that and we’d like to share our views and how it is normally... what is it

that our General Comment No. 5 which is on the General Measures of the

Implementation. It explains everything. Budget allocations, I’m not an economist so

what I’ve noticed is that the government of the Republic of China has placed a

substantial budget into social protection, child-friendly justice. And also social... into

educating and bringing together social workers, but we hear also from time to time that

from different... Pardon? We hear from different partners that actually, other sources of

information that it’s not enough. I don’t even know whether coordination, state

coordination, there is sufficient budget to have really a good team. So we need to hear

more about the budget planning. When it comes to international cooperation, we’re very

glad that Taiwan is supporting international projects worldwide, in particular, supporting

children in need like Syrian children and Rohingya children. And there were many listed

projects, but we are really interested in whether you can get more expertise for example,

like for better understanding of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and also for

the better understanding of the Optional Protocols on the Rights of the Child, we really

wish you to ratify and other colleagues are going to talk more about that. Independent

monitoring we are so glad that you have established the National Human Rights

Institution. It’s a big step for every country. It is a young institution, but we are really

concerned about the current situation and about the capacity of the National Human

Rights Institution to take lead in the promotion of the rights of the child and fully address

violations of the rights of the child because it should be a huge office. I mean, this is a

huge country, so we are talking about normally having separate ombudsman for children,

an office of hundreds of hundreds of employees, people who would be able to receive

petitions but also to work on a daily basis on children’s issues and to really work

independently. This is the body that should be elected in the parliament because it should

be independent. With regards to training and education, I have also questions for you

and that is there are so many training in education going on and really tell me why. So

I’m curious as to read to get from you at least one training program, we would very

much like to know what is the contents of training an education, let’s say on the

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 Convention on the Rights of the Child? When you say that teachers are trained, what is

it? Are they trained in a teacher’s academy? Or are they trained in a short course? Are

they regularly trained? And what are the contents? I mean if you can share with us maybe

one training curricula. Because we all have very much experience in teaching and

training and we’d really like to share that with you and maybe exchange some views if

necessary. State monitoring, I already mentioned that maybe it could be incorporated

within the coordination body so as to make it cheaper, but to make it like establish it and

do it within the ministry and have people come in to work everyday to work on child’s

rights monitoring and coordination. I think that doesn’t require many people. There is

also something in the end and it is about access to justice and complaint mechanisms

and I will stop after that. The government introduced a commendable number of

complaints procedures for children who believe that their rights have been violated. Now

we have let’s say complaint mechanisms, big boxes or whatever else in schools and

medical systems, in social and any other system and in institutions where children are

placed, where they reside and I guess we haven’t come that far but we guess also in

penitentiary institutions that there are some complaint mechanisms. But you know, my

concern is those complaints we know we already heard and you’re gonna talk about it,

that’s very often they don’t serve the purpose and what’s worrisome is the children are

actually reluctant to complain about anything. So... and we haven’t seen really any study

which would demonstrate this ratio between occurrences and also the cases that are

being processed, that are being complained against. So what is your opinion? Normally

there are studies in every country. I’ll give you an example. If sexual violence of children

is at stake, so in my country, it’s like 93% of such cases are never reported. So they are

not in the system. It's like when you are COVID positive and you don’t go to a medical

doctor, but you know, you have your test kit so you are not registered in the system, so

equally these children, many many children who go through great violence, who go

through great violations of their rights actually never end up in any institutions like going

to prosecution police, prosecution court and perpetrators are out there—they’re free.

And yes, later we could talk about other issues but this is for me in case something was

not clear, in case it was too long, I can come with a follow up question and I’m looking

forward to hearing from you about these issues. Thank you.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Dr. Vuckovic. I invite the delegation of the government to respond to those questions

and of course it’s your decision who is going to answer which questions, but I leave that

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 to you. And you can follow the order of Dr. Vuckovic or you could follow your own

order as long as you answer all the questions.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Thank you for the questions. First of all, I would like to respond to the question on the

child rights group of the Executive Yuan and how often the group convenes. Yes, it’s

every four months.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Maybe if the one who answers the question briefly introduces her or himself so that we

know who is the speaker.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

I speak on behalf of the Executive Yuan.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

We know you.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

So I would like to respond to the question in relation to the Child Rights Group.

According to the law, yes, we meet once every four months, but we do convene on ad

hoc basis. For example, when it comes to childcare, we have convened many times to

look into the issues in relation to 0 to six year-old and six to 12 year-old groups.

Moreover, in order to address the problems in relation to sexual abuse of children and

youth, in the Social Safety Net Program, we have convened many times since we have

the program because we have to know the root cause of these problems and what the

local authorities are doing to address those problems. For example, whether additional

budget, manpower should be provided. So we have met at least dozens of times a year

so it’s not just meeting every four months. As for Ministry of Health and Welfare, there’s

another group that is dedicated to the rights of children and youth. So at that ministry,

we have another group that is responsible for promoting the child rights. As for the

budget, well, people may have different opinions because it’s a matter of allocation. So

the budget for the child, we have been increasing that over time. For example, in order

to have more public, or quasi-public childcare centers or preschools, we have increased

the budget from 10 billion NT to 100 billion NT. So it’s been growing very fast. In order

to meet the expectations of parents so that more childcare can be provided through public

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 preschools rather than... In the past, 70% of childcare services were provided by private

operators, but now we are encouraging the establishment of more public care centers.

But we cannot build so many public childcare centers overnight. That is why we are

turning some private ones into quasi-public ones. So over 100 billion NT have been

invested into this system to serve preschoolers and their parents. So there has been

remarkable growth in the budget for the children and youth. Well, yesterday in terms of

the budget for development of children and youth, it seems to be less. That is why when

it comes to supporting activities, social participation, we are allocating more budget for

those matters. As for the National Comprehensive Action Plan for the CRC, in fact this

year as I said yesterday, we already have a National Human Rights Action Plan which

has included the non-discrimination, equality and special protective measures for

vulnerable groups are all included in the National Human Rights Action Plan. So in the

future, we are going to make additional efforts to focus on particular provisions in

relation to the CRC so we would like to incorporate provisions in relation to

International Human Rights documents in the National Human Rights Action Plan. So

these are the efforts made at the central government level. As for the amendments to the

Protection of Child and Youth Welfare and Rights Act, I will ask Ministry of Health and

Welfare to answer the question.

Representative from Ministry of Health and Welfare（Social and Family Affairs

Administration）:

Social and Family Affairs Administration, but also on behalf of the secretaries of

Executive Yuan, Child Welfare and the Rights Group. First of all, on the legal review,

according to Article 19 of our Implementation Act of the CRC, in November 2015, we

already made a list of Laws and Regulations that must be reviewed. And then in 2016 to

2018, we again reviewed the Laws, Regulations, Executive Orders and Administrative

Rules in relation to these laws and regulations to see if they are in line with the CRC.

We have reviewed 34 Legislations and 45 Provisions are specifically related to the rights

of the child. So we have followed the review procedure and completed the amendments.

And then in 2021, we required the second review of all regulations. So in that year, we

asked all government agencies to review the regulations and 9 Regulations have been

included in the list for priority review and 12 Provisions are related to the rights of

children. So far we have reviewed 52 Regulations and 75 Provisions are specifically

related to the rights of children. For this review, we asked the Child Rights Group of the

Executive Yuan to review the list of these Regulations on a regular basis to make sure

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that amendments are made in a timely manner. And 45 Regulations and 62 Executive

Orders have been amended. However, there are still 8 Regulations and 13 Provisions

which are not yet amended because the legislative sessions have expired so those

amendment proposals have been returned to the Executive Yuan. In the year 2021, we

amended the Protection of Child and Youths Welfare and Rights Act. And we have made

10 amendments so far. In particular, in view of the abuse of children, we have added

additional protective measures in view of low birth rates. We have added more child-

friendly provisions. In addition, in terms of cybersecurity and cyber safety for our

children, we have added additional protective measures for their online use. So in 2011,

we had amended the Protection of Child and Youths Welfare and Rights Act and the

legislators have been very attentive to providing additional protection. So it seems that

now in terms of the overall framework of the Act, it may be inconsistent with the

framework of the CRC. That is why our Deputy Minister is taking a serious look into

the framework of the Act. And the draft for this particular Act amendment will include

the general measures for implementation as well the rights to civil rights and freedom

as well as protective measures, alternative care in particular, we have referenced the

United Nations Guidelines for Alternative Care for Children. Also currently, many

NGOs expect corporal punishments or bullying should be regulated in the Children and

Youths Act. So that’s our plan. And in 2019, the Juvenile Delinquency Act was amended

and status offender was removed. Instead it was stressed that children who were at risk

need to receive administrative intervention first. So in the future, the Child and Youths

Act would have a special chapter for juvenile delinquents who should receive

administrative resources and so do their families. Also we work with the Social Safety

Net to provide better child protection services. There are also services for families with

missing children. There are stipulations regarding health in the Children and Youths Act

especially on some preventive measures to protect the mental health of children and to

prevent suicide. All of these will be included in the Children and Youths Act. And also

children participation and culture, so in fact, the structure of the Children and Youths

Act will be revised to mimic the structure of the national report on CRC. We have many

internal meetings already. We will work with external NGOs and we will follow up with

the revision of the laws. Next... What are the other questions that should be responded

to? Should I respond to all of the questions? Okay. Let me talk about the complaint

mechanism then. At the child rights group, the secretariat... Currently, we asked all the

Ministries and Agencies to conduct self-review. There is a self-review checklist. We

asked all the Ministries and Agencies to use this checklist to check their own mechanism

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to see if their mechanism is immediate, is accessible, is confidential and so on, if they

meet all the six criteria. When they do the self-check, we ask them to interview children

to ask the opinions from the NGOs as well. So together, everybody can check whether

the complaint mechanism fit the six criteria. At present, the central Ministries and

Agencies have done some review. Ministry of National Defense, Environmental

Protection, MOI, MOHW and so on. So these central agencies have to do the self-check

to see if they meet the six criteria, if not then the NGOs propose recommendations to

them in order to improve the mechanism. So that’s the overall review of the complaint

mechanism at the central government level. So my job’s scope also includes placements.

So let me touch upon that as well. For complaint mechanisms in placement institutions,

there is a three-tier mechanism. The first tier is the internal complaints within the

institution. All the placement institutions have to create an internal mechanism, and this

mechanism must be included in the orientation information provided to the children

upon their arrival, meaning that children must be aware of their rights to make the

complaints upon their arrival. We also have a counseling and checking checklist and our

evaluation mechanism to check whether or not placement institutions do implement the

complaint mechanism. In the evaluation, we notice that one of the institutions put a

suggestion box in the office of the director, so this suggestion box therefore, is not

accessible. Children wouldn’t want to use it. So our reviewers will make suggestions to

the institutions and ask them to put the suggestion box in a location that is friendly and

accessible to the children. At the second tier, the city or county government needs to

create an external complaint mechanism. When children are not able to utilize the

internal mechanism, they can reach out to social workers, so the external mechanisms.

The third tier comes back to the central authorities, Ministry of Health and Welfare. In

2022, we established an operation guideline for re-complaint. So in addition to the

children themselves, stakeholders, interested parties can all put out the complaints on

behalf of the children. We want the children to have comprehensive remedies when they

feel their rights are violated, they can utilize different pathways. In 2022, we also started

to investigate, there were 118 institutions and altogether there were 97 complaint cases.

Most of the cases were submitted through internal mechanisms. During our investigation,

we realized that the number of the complaints was very little. So in 2022, that’s why in

2022, we created the re-complaint operation guidelines so that children can submit their

complaint again. So we’re seeing the number of cases is on the rise. So we hope that

through this three-tier complaint mechanism, all children can access that mechanism. So

that’s the part about complaint.

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Representative from Ministry of Health and Welfare（Department of Protective

Services）:

Dear IRC members, this is the Department of Protective Services from MOHW.

Regarding the protection for children, I would like to add some comments. In our

national laws, including the Children and Youths Welfare Act, Domestic Violence

Prevention Act and the Prevention of Sexual Exploitation Act and so on, all clearly states

that anyone including children themselves in case they encounter improper treatments,

they can make complaints. And we have an e-care website, which can receive complaints

and there’s a Hotline 113, which works 24/7. There are dedicated social workers on the

line to receive the calls. There are other people, for example, medical staff and nursing

staff, educators, police officers, preschool teachers and the teachers or the heads of the

neighborhoods, when they are on their duty, when they see that some children are not

treated properly. For example, when they saw sexual exploitation, abuses and so on they

need to make the reports within 24 hours. If they don’t report, they will be punished. So

through this comprehensive protection mechanism, we try to protect the rights of all

children.

Representative from Ministry of Education（K-12 Education Administration）:

Hi. This is from K-12 Education Administration, Ministry of Education. So I want to

talk about the complaint system on campus. In May 2021, the legislator amended a law

regarding the complaint system and the K-12 Education Administration also created a

guideline to govern the complaint committee in high school. So if student unions or

other autonomous groups in the school believe that students’ rights are violated, such

violations are illegal or improper, they can submit a written complaint to the schools

within 30 days. The schools will make a decision on that. If the students are not satisfied

with the results, upon receiving the decision by the school, they can submit a re-

complaint to the committee within 30 days. So that’s the appeal system. And if they’re

not happy with the decision of the appeal, upon receiving the appeal account, they can

submit their case to the administrative court for administrative litigations. At junior high

school or elementary school, well, according to the National Education Act, if children

believe that their rights are violated or the discipline is improper, there is statutory and

agents can submit a written complaint to the schools. If they’re not happy with the results,

they can appeal to the local authorities. This mechanism is independent and confidential.

In order to help students become aware and familiar of the complaint system. In all the

schools, there are pamphlets about the mechanism which is accessible to the students

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 very easily. We hope that the schools will include the instruction of the mechanism in

the information pack for the students. There are examples, there are questions and

answers in the pamphlets, and there is the phone for the complaint. For students who are

in high school or below, students can learn about complaint mechanisms on school

websites. I also want to add something because you mentioned the question on education

for educators. In 2018, Ministry of Education created a CRC training academy to train

the trainers for CRC to empower the teachers, it organizes workshops. So for teachers

and the leaders to understand CRC so that those who work on campus have professional

capacity regarding CRC. We also have a pamphlet for the educators and there is analysis

of different cases to help teachers understand the spirit of CRC. We also provide

subsidies to local governments. So for junior high school and elementary school when

they want to conduct training, there is funding. So at high school or below, well, 89% of

the teachers have received the CRC training. As for the heads of the schools, I think

again, 98% of them have received CRC training. We talked about pre-job training

whether CRC training was included, yes, so in the pre-job training, in the courses for the

teachers-to-be, CRC is included as a professional course. In 2020, we published a book

dedicated to human rights education and CRC-related issues. Petition in colleges, we

also encouraged colleges to offer courses on human rights. By 2021, 37 colleges and

173 departments have offered such courses. 98,000 teacher trainees have completed this

training. Thank you.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Agency of Corrections, please.

Representative from Ministry of Justice（Agency of Corrections）:

1. Distinguished members of the review committee, good morning. I speak on behalf

of the Agency of Corrections, MOJ. On complaints procedures, I would like to talk

about the situation in the correctional system. Children and juveniles in correctional

institutions, if they are not satisfied with our disciplinary action, then according to

the Detention Act, they can file complaints and they can question the legality of our

measures in these institutions. If these measures are found out to be illegal, we will

revoke the original disciplinary measures. Again, the complaints will be addressed

independently. We will set up a review committee consisting of experts and external

impartial members. Again, the review process will be friendly and sensitive to

children and youth. Children and youth can file written complaints or such

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 complaints can be filed by their representatives, statutory agents. And there is

confidentiality assurance, too. When children are in correctional institutions, we will

first give them some lectures. As to the remedies, they have access too. Again, there’s

a handbook for them so that they know what complaints procedures there are. In

addition, the children or youth can file written complaints not only to school

authorities, if they are inspectors, supervisors coming from outside the school,

children or students can also file complaints to them. In addition, the juvenile court

personnel, social workers are also potential recipients of their complaints.

2. Well, I think my colleague just talked about the complaint procedures by juveniles

and children in correctional institutions based on the Detention Act. But now, we are

also looking into potential amendments of other guidelines at juvenile correctional

or reform schools. There are already relevant guidelines to take care of the complaints

procedures, but now we would like to combine juvenile reform schools, correctional

institutions together in one guidelines.

Representative from Judicial Yuan:

Chair, distinguished members, on behalf of the Judicial Yuan, I thank you for the

questions and welcome you to Taiwan to review our progress since our implementation

of the CRC in Taiwan. So in terms of the rights of children in the judicial field, this is

the area where I would like to address your question to access to justice for children. In

fact, under the leadership of the Executive Yuan, for all minors under the age of 18, if

for example, now we have abolished the so-called status offenders rather for at-risk

juveniles, we will have some measures or for juvenile offenders, we will consider them

as delinquent matters or if there are juvenile victims then at the civil court or at criminal

court. For instance, if they are child victims of domestic violence, sexual abuse or if the

child is implicated in a custodial dispute, when their parents are getting divorced or as

our colleague from the MOE said, if a child wants to file complaints, so in whatever

settings, for whatever causes, at the juvenile court, we try to do our best to ensure the

child’s access to justice while bearing in mind the best interest of the child. Therefore,

in terms of laws or other administrative organs of the government, we continuously

review whether we have done our part to uphold the rights of the children. So in terms

of the Juvenile Delinquency Act and many other related regulations, we are committed

to building a child-friendly juvenile judicial environment and children will be informed

about their roles in these legal proceedings. So that children and youth with the company

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 of social workers can express their views in the court. In particular, recently for victim

children, we pay even more attention to their rights to express their views so for at-risk

children as well as child victims, we now emphasize even more their right to be heard.

So by building a friendly environment for them to join legal proceedings, we also ask

social workers and special education experts as well medical professionals to

accompany these children and youth when they show up in the court. We hope we can

see these matters from children’s perspective, therefore, we can truly have a child-

friendly justice system. And we also have interviewers... special interviewers for

children who are victims of sexual abuse. Starting this year, at the Judicial Yuan, we also

have a child rights group that is devising a special budget to do what I just described. As

for other measures we have taken, please refer to our replies to the LOIs. Thank you.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

National Immigration Agency, Ministry of the Interior, please talk about international

cooperation.

Ministry of the Interior（National Immigration Agency）:

Chair, distinguished members of the review committee, I speak on behalf of the NIA. In

terms of international cooperation, we continuously work with other countries and

signed MOU with 22 countries. We have signed such MOUs or agreements and as a

result, we can build a cooperative network and we can attain seminars, workshops held

in different countries. For example, in Taiwan every year, we organize a workshop on

human trafficking prevention inviting experts from home and abroad to share with us

their expertise. Thank you.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Thank you. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, would you like to say something about

international cooperation?

Representative from Ministry of Foreign Affairs:

Chair, the review committee and the members of the delegation, distinguished guests.

Ladies and gentlemen, this is Francis Lee from MOFA. I would like to talk about some

international cooperation. With regard to the review committee raised, through our

international cooperation, do we really get expertise? I think in MOFA’s part, we are

doing more on sharing resources and to conduct humanitarian programs and through this,

I think our major approach is to learn through practice. So we are submitting more

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 information on humanitarian programs and some other related assistance. But I think the

expertise is actually through domestic relevant groups such as schools or children and

youth. They are conducting special study trips, foreign trips overseas to get the expertise

or inviting relevant schools to conduct some international exchanges to learn the relevant

knowledge. So I think there are many, many multiple ways to get expertise. From

MOFAs part, I think we are more focused on sharing resources and the conducting of

humanitarian programs. Thank you.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Thank You very much for all of these answers. It also indicates that general measures

and the discussion about general measures easily flows into issues that will be given

further attention in the course of this dialogue like on education, on alternative care, on

the juvenile justice practice, because there are special chapters also in the second report

that are dealing with these issues in more details. But thank you very much for your kind

of generous information for instance, the complaint procedures, the information about

the legislation particularly, this specific question of Dr. Vuckovic on the act that they

recently received and that I understand is under a revision process. So there is, I think

almost all issues are covered in your responses. But Dr. Vuckovic, you have a follow up

question? No?

Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic:

I want to thank you for all the clarifications to my questions. It is now easier for me to

understand, and to participate in the drafting of the recommendations for your country.

I would still like to remind you to send me, at least one model because I am very much

in love with modeling and making programs and so I would really like to get one of your

training programs in the area of the rights of the child. Doesn’t matter whether it is for

school or for that, but it would mean a lot to me as a teacher. And then I can compare it

to other programs and I have my own collection. So thank you. Thank you for all the

clarification.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

I have a very specific question. It’s a simple question and most likely gets a simple

answer. The child rights group, the composition of the child rights group is kind of

interesting. It reflects the role of different actors in the field on children’s rights. There

are five children members of the child rights group. My question is how are they elected

or selected? Is it done by their peers? Is it done by their father, mother and other adult

persons? So how do you get the five children in the children rights group?

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Representative from Ministry of Health and Welfare（Social and Family Affairs

Administration）:

Excuse me, I have to find my answers. Well, in fact the children representatives are

selected from local children representatives. Currently... Well, back in 2019, there was a

selection guideline to select the central children representatives. And in 2020, we started

to have the central children representatives. All the local governments, well, they also

use elections to elect one to three children representatives to join the central children

representatives. We can have at most 66 representatives. They have a two-year term. At

the beginning there was a pilot program with 53 children, 28 males, 25 females including

children in special circumstances for example, children with disabilities, from

vulnerable families, or indigenous communities. Some of the children are

homeschoolers. After the pilot program in 2021, we started the first official children

representatives cohort. In the second cohort, there were 62. In the first cohort there were

60. These central children representatives can join three different central meetings. At

the central level, there are three children-related meetings. The first is the children rights

groups at Executive Yuan, the second is the child rights group at the MOHW, and the

third meeting is a prevention meeting. Every month, we require the children... Well, in

fact the children have regular meetings every month, discussing their common interests

and concerns. Among the 62 children, they will be divided into three groups. In every

group they will select five representatives to attend such meetings. The five

representatives will bring their concerns from the group to the meetings. So currently,

when we organize such meetings, children submit many, many proposals that concern

about their participation in school affairs, gender education, education in rural areas,

language development especially local languages and complaint mechanisms for

bullying, friendly counseling in schools. These are their concerns. They also want the

counseling system to protect their privacy. They care about novel nicotine products.

Then, due to the tension across the strait, they are now concerned about national defense.

They think children should also understand how national defense resources are allocated.

So it’s a very wide range of their concerns. In addition to attending the three central

meetings I talked about. With our promotion, we expect the Legislative Yuan, Judicial

Yuan or the Control Yuan, we expect that when these agencies discuss children’s issues,

they can invite children representatives. So Ministries and Agencies such as Judicial

Yuan when discussing friendly court for children, when discussing how to improve the

procedures for children in court, when Ministry of Labor talks about the protection of

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 children’s labor rights, they all invite children representatives to attend. Last year, well,

since these children representatives are accompanied by adults to join the meetings.

They looked forward to a specific meeting in which all the participants were children.

So Ministry of Health and Welfare from 2019 to 2022 invited Ministries and Agencies

to organize a meeting... a platform meeting where only children attended. They

submitted many proposals. We asked different agencies to respond to their proposals. I

will end here. Thank you.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Thank you very much. I started with a simple question, but I got a very generous answer

and I’m impressed by the way you involve children and get them involved in all kinds

of issues at the locals and the national level; that’s very good. So thank you very much

for this first round of questions and thank you for your answers. And we move to the

second Chapter in this system.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

I don’t like the term system, but anyway, in the CRC practice of dealing with reports and

discussion about reports, there is a Chapter 2 on the Definition of the Child. We assume

that you all agree on the definition of the CRC persons below the age of 18 with a

possible exception. Interesting information in my view is that exception does not exist

in the African Chapter for the Rights and Welfare of the Child. Africans don’t make an

exception to the rule that all persons under 18 are children and it is interesting to note

and I’ll come back to that later, that you are considering to lower the minimum age for

criminal responsibility from 14 to 12. Anyway, there are no questions from the

committee. And I’d like to move to the third Chapter and that is on the Articles which

are qualified by the Committee on Rights of the Child as 2, 3, 6 and 12. Professor Laura

Lundy has the floor.

Laura Lundy:

Good morning, everyone and thank you so much for all the work and detailed

information so far. As Professor Doek has said these are General Principles. I’m going

to keep my questions quite high level because these issues must be explored under

education and health and alternative care as well. I’m going to start with Non-

Discrimination Article 2 and my first question is about your domestic equality legislation.

I want to know, do you have a domestic law that covers non-discrimination? Does it

cover age as a category? And also if I’m a child, for example, if I was an indigenous girl

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and I felt I was discriminated against, what could I do? What would I do? That’s the first

question. The second question then is on your data systems. Thank you again for the

very detailed information that you gave us. I noticed that you have very good break

down by sex, boys and girls, sometimes by disability and sometimes for indigenous

children. My question is whether you are routinely collecting data on children that is

disaggregated, for example, in health and education, if you are, does it mean you cover

disability? Disability is a huge range of diverse categories. Is that broken down further

that the needs of children with intellectual impairments are very different from physical

and sensory impairments? Does it cover children who are LGBTQI and etc.? So have

you got a good childhood data collection system? Very specific questions on gender

equality promotion in schools. Thank you for the information and the steps that have

been taken for that. Is it monitored the quality of that? How would that be checked that

schools are doing that and what they’re doing is of high quality? And a final specific

question relates to children who are stateless and have gone through the ARC process or

perhaps have not gone through the ARC if a child is stateless and has not got the alien

registration certificate. What happens when they are 18? That’s everything on Article 2.

On Article 3, just one question, this is the Best Interest of the Child again, thank you for

the information. And I think it’s excellent that you’re collecting case study examples of

good practice and training on child rights. Our concern is that the best interest principle

is often very misunderstood and when it is misunderstood then it can really undermine

child rights. So we’re wondering about the content of training on best interest and in

particular whether it pays attention to General Comment No.14 of the committee which

gives a strong guidance. Article 6, Life Survival and Development, as you mentioned

you have a very low birth rate, but you also have a very high death rate of children

particularly from suicide and traffic accidents. I have a question about the child death

review process. It seems to only apply to children under the age of six and my question

is why you chose that age and why you do not have a process for all children under 18?

On suicide, I won’t say much because so much is related to mental health, which I’ll

come back. But I note that in the reasons given for suicide, it often relates very much to

individual child says personal reasons and I want to know what research has been

undertaken with children around mental health issues because they are clearly structural

reasons and children tell us that relates very much to stress and schooling. On road traffic

accidents, again, thank you for the replies to the List of Issues, but I’m curious about

how are at the local government level that is enforced, it is enforced that they check

whether there are safe journeys to school, safe parking outside school etc. And finally,

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 on Article 12, I want to note the incredible progress that you have made since 2017. I

mean so much has been done and so much has been implemented in a short time which

is excellent. I had a question about inclusion, but Professor Doek has raised it. I still

want to say that there is a concern that the children who are getting involved are still

older and quite an elite group and I think you know, I’m curious about what you can do

to diversify the children that you include. Impact, I want to know what’s happened,

you’ve shown us lots of examples of policies and laws that you consulted children. How

do you feedback to children, not just the children on the group, how do you let children

know what you change because of their views? And can you give me some examples of

what they have done, what has been changed in your law and policy because you involve

children? And then finally, one specific question around are you doing anything to

encourage child participation in family life? What is being done for example in family

education to encourage parents to listen to children? And finally in the courts, we’ve

heard a lot about juvenile justice, but I’m curious what happens in family courts. You

have a very high divorce rate. If I’m a child and my parents are divorcing. Can someone

explain how my views would be sought and taken seriously for example, in custody

decisions? Thank you. That’s all my questions.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

... delegate the answering or do it yourself.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

First of all, Ministry of Justice, would you like to address the issue of non-discrimination

law?

Representative from Executive Yuan（Department of Human Rights and Transitional

Justice）:

Okay, so Department of Human Rights and Transitional Justice at Executive Yuan, in

response to your question about a potential equality law or non-discrimination law in

Taiwan, you mentioned that in terms of the existing laws to combat discrimination

including those in education, employment and in reference to different groups such as

children with disabilities or indigenous children, yes, we have such combating

discrimination laws in different statutes, different regulations. For example, if they say,

indigenous female child perhaps in daily life she encounters discrimination, what can

she do? Well, then we will rely on the provisions in different regulations. I think in the

future we need to combine these regulations. Right now, the gender equality law will be

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 the basis. For example, in the school setting, the law can be used to find remedies.

However, when it comes to intersectionality of discrimination, there is still room for

improvements. That is why in May this year, the Executive Yuan has released the

National Human Rights Action Plan, which incorporates many opinions in the

Concluding Observations from International Review Committees that is we should have

a non-discrimination law, which means we need to take inventory and review all the

existing laws that combat and prevent discrimination. And we need to address the issue

of intersectionality of discrimination in the new discrimination law. We expect to have

this law by 2024 that is according to our National Human Rights Action Plan, we expect

to propose a draft of non-discrimination law in the year 2024. So this is what my

department has been doing i.e. reviewing existing laws, seeking guidance from relevant

groups and stakeholders. Thank you.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

The data collection in particular, data in relation to health and education, representatives

from the MOE, would you like to start how you collect data?

Representative from Ministry of Education（Department of Student Affairs and

Special Education）:

Good morning. I’m Huang Lan-Hsiu from the MOE. On the educational data collection,

every year we regularly collect data from schools of different levels. In particular, for

students with disabilities, we have separate data collection, based on gender, severity of

disability, location, age, level of schooling. So every year, we would release such data.

This shows the importance we attach to children with disabilities and we do release those

data in Chinese and English on our website. Moreover, on gender quality education, in

this regard we have a Gender Equality Education Act so the central and local authorities

as well as schools must set up a Gender Equality Committee consisting of experts on

gender equality, scholars, and parents representatives. And in Ministry of Education, we

also have a consulting committee for gender equality, which reviews the policies as well

as the curriculum for gender equality education. So we have been actively promoting

gender equality in the education system. So we have a very comprehensive system in

terms of planning. Moreover, you asked about the traffic accidents. Whether or not we

review the traffic situation for children when they go to school, in fact at the Executive

Yuan, we also have a traffic safety, road safety committee which keeps track of data in

this area. Starting this year, we have launched a very big road safety program, which

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 will review the dangerous intersections near schools. So we also asked relevant

authorities to go there for site visits to see where traffic accidents are prone to happen

near schools. I know that Ministry of Transportation and Communications as well as

Ministry of the Interior have set aside a budget to improve those dangerous roads and

intersections. Thank you.

Representative from Ministry of Health and Welfare（Social and Family Affairs

Administration）:

I speak on behalf of SFAA of Ministry of Health and Welfare, I will report data on

children with disabilities. Through identification and verification, we have a very huge

information system and all relevant services can be found on the system, starting from

the local governments as well as the assessment reports made by the social workers,

medical professionals, you can find them on the system. And on the system, you can

find different types of disabilities. We have disaggregated data including age. And based

on the needs of these groups, for example, what kind of subsidies, assistive tools or

services that are provided whether or not they attend daycare centers. Such data on

service provision is also available on the system for early prevention...early

interventions, we also have a system that is linked to the Health Promotion

Administration as well as Ministry of Education. So all the databases are linked with

one another. Thank you.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Thank you. Health Promotion Administration. Please, data collection.

Representative from Ministry of Health and Welfare（Health Promotion

Administration）:

Thank you for the questions. I speak on behalf of the Health Promotion Administration

on the Cause of Death analysis. In the year 2019, after the Protection of Children and

Youths Welfare and Rights Act was amended, the central government must perform

Cause of Death analysis and release such findings. Therefore, my administration has

followed the law to perform such analysis so that we know the contextual reasons for

the death of children so that we can come up with solutions. Such information and data

are also provided to relevant ministries so that they can take preventive measures. Right

now, we also take into account the characteristics of different localities so that the

solutions can be location-sensitive. I’ll end here. Thank you.

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Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Health data, which department is in charge of this? Health Promotion Administration

or... please, please answer the questions.

Representative from Ministry of Health and Welfare（National Health Insurance

Administration）:

Thank you for the questions. National Health Insurance has been implemented for 27

years so we have a lot of data since 1998. And the claims data will be collected in

accordance with the ICD-9... ICD-10 therefore, they are disaggregated based on the

cities and counties etc., and … How about the LGBTI data?

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Department of Gender Equality Please, data of LGBTI.

Representative from Executive Yuan（Department of Gender Equality）:

Good morning, Gender Equality Department from Executive Yuan speaking. LGBTI

children data in 2006, we began to promote mainstreaming of... gender mainstreaming

so each department and ministry has set up offices to collect such data. My department

at the Executive Yuan also has a database and we have been helping other ministries to

collect data in this area. Aside from gender, we would like to include disabilities,

ethnicity, and age so that our policymaking can be more comprehensive. So in terms of

gender-based data, we actually perform site visits to different ministries once every two

years. And their performance will be reflected in their evaluation scores. As for the

LGBTI children data, we know surveys on this group can be very sensitive. So this year,

we organized a large-scale questionnaire targeting people who are over 15 who live in

Taiwan. This is an anonymous questionnaire. We commissioned this questionnaire to

LGBTI and NGOs in order to understand the students’ situation in their education, in

their career, and in their life. As the reference for future policies.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Okay. Stateless children. Ministry of the Interior?

Representative from Ministry of the Interior（Department of Household

Registration）:

Hi. This is the Department of Household Registration, MOI. It was asked about the

residence of the stateless children, the National Immigration Agency will also respond

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 to this. For stateless children, if they are adopted by Taiwanese nationals, then they will

be naturalized. They will receive Taiwanese nationalities and continue to live in Taiwan.

If stateless children now are in the care of some social welfare organizations then the

authorities may help apply for naturalization of such children. I’ll end here.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Thank you. Mental Health Department. On the suicide issue?

Representative from Ministry of Health and Welfare（Department of Mental

Health）:

On the issue of suicide, well in the past 10 years in Taiwan, we’re seeing a slow increase,

children, teenagers and young people have higher suicide rate. In the past, suicide rate

among children was quite low, but in the past 10 years due to industrialization, due to

less support in the family, we do see a very slow increase of suicide rate among children.

In the past five years, the suicide rate among young people spiked, but if we take off

cases of well, people jumping off from the high buildings then the rate is not that high

because there are more tall buildings, high buildings, skyscrapers maybe that’s why

more people choose to jump from the buildings to commit suicide.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Best interest of a child?

Representative from Ministry of Health and Welfare（Social and Family Affairs

Administration）:

On the best interest of children, SFAA compiled a book of examples or incidence, it

involves medical fields, social welfare, judicial and educational aspects so I would

like to use some time here to explain. In the medical field, sometimes children are

not able to express their opinions. Then the relevant personnel need to take measures.

And for children who have chronic diseases will want them to have medical

autonomy. Sometimes due to the religion of the parents, they are not willing to send

their children for medical help. So how do we balance the best interest of children in

these cases that’s also included in the book and in other examples when children have

mental health issues and do they have the right to seek help on their own initiative?

On the sphere of social welfare, we give examples related to placement organizations.

Placements institutions tend to put on a show especially during fund raising activities.

They ask the children to perform, but these violate children’s best interest. So we

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used this as an example or as examples to talk to placement institutions as to what

the best interest of a child is. So we discussed this with them during meetings. Now,

there are younger parents. Some of them are busy so they asked the older kid to take

care of the younger kid and that’s an example to discuss as well. In the judicial field,

on family matters, are children’s voices being heard? What’s the best interest of a

child in family affair cases or in adoption cases in correctional systems? We also

have examples that we use in discussions with judicial offices. In the education field,

we discussed the right to association or campus regulations, relationships on campus,

if they can use cellphones and so on. So all of these examples are used to discuss the

best interest of right to providers of children-related services. You also asked about

children representatives. Maybe your concern is these children are so-called elite

children, but in fact at local... at the central level, we encouraged diversity among

children representatives. So from 2017 to now, local and central governments already

have a total of 39 children with disabilities to join public discussions. They also

joined the international review of CRC and CRPD reports. In addition to children

with disabilities, there are also indigenous children, children from vulnerable

families and children who had placement experience. So we have them as children

representatives then they can talk about their experience in placement institutions

because they have first-hand experience to say that their rights to be heard should be

better protected and so on. And you also asked about what policies or laws are

changed because of opinions raised by the children. Well, at the Children Rights

Group at the Executive Yuan or Ministry of Health and Welfare, they submit many

proposals regarding the right to association. So the Social Association Act now is on

the list to be reviewed. We asked the relevant authorities to guarantee that children

also have the right to association. We also asked children to participate to discuss

administrative measures against online bullying. Now, we have a children impact

assessment pilot. So we picked 64 pieces of laws and regulations to conduct the

impact assessment. And Ministry of Health and Welfare and Ministry of Education

need to select at least five laws to conduct impact assessment. First, when the laws

receive any revision, such impact assessment has to be done. In the first stage of the

assessments, children must be invited to participate during the revision of the laws.

Children’s opinions must be sought. When creating laws, there should be evidence-

based elements regarding children to be included. So when children’s impact

assessment is included in the legislation process, then children will have more

opportunities to be heard, to express themselves.

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Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Okay. MOE on family education.

Representative from Ministry of Education:

Are children always heard in the family? I also want to add some information to children

representatives. Are they all elite children? Well in fact, MOE also has a children

advisory group. When we looked for children representatives, we asked very widely,

anyone, any child who would like to join. Of course, we have a selection process and

we selected the best representatives. For these representatives, we make sure that there

is a balance of proportions. Some of them are from urban areas, some from rural areas,

some from indigenous communities, some from migrant communities. Their concerns

are very wide including dress code, complaint mechanism, proportion of children

representatives, mental health, school meals and so on. As for how their opinions have

changed the policy, well, in fact, in an article for high school governance, a revision is

made to have at least 1/8 of the participants who should be children at school affairs

meetings. This is one case and the other case is that because of their opinions, the MOE

decided to change the governing principle for dress code in junior high school and

elementary school as well as to have better complaint mechanisms. Now family

education, of course this is a concern of children. They suggest MOE and local

governments to pay attention to children’s issues. When the government provides family

education services, at MOE and the K-12 Education Administration, we encourage city

governments and county governments to provide more channels for children to

participate in public affairs.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Judicial Yuan, next.

Representative from Judicial Yuan:

Thank you. You asked in case of divorce in family affairs procedures how to protect

children’s rights and how to protect their right to be heard. So thank you for the question.

In the first round, during my brief comments I mentioned that whatever procedure it is,

we do care about children’s voices. When parents are getting divorced... Divorce by

agreement or divorce by court decisions are all possible. In 2021, there was a revision

to the Family Act and the Civil Codes 1055-1 all included children’s right to be heard in

such procedures. So if parents are getting divorced and when a custody decision is to be

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 made, then the court will understand or find out what the children really want. So even

when parents are divorced or separated, we want to minimize the impact of the divorce

so that they still enjoy the right to be cared for by the family. Since 2012, procedure-

wise, aside from the request or application for family intermediation that has become

available, parents will have an opportunity to engage in dialogue with their children. In

other words, even though parents are divorced, the child’s rights should not be affected.

We have referenced the German system the use of guardians ad litem so in the

intermediation stage, the guardians ad litem can help us to tap into the child’s opinions

and thoughts. Aside from such guardians ad litem, we also have family affairs

investigators. So when the court is going to make a decision in relation to the child, aside

from social workers sent by local authorities to look into the situation, the judge can now

assign such a family affairs investigator to conduct an investigation to have the child

express their views. In fact, yesterday afternoon, we had invited speakers from the UK

and Germany to look into procedure improvements that can be made in this area, which

is how child’s rights can be protected in the divorce proceedings. So in Taiwan’s culture,

in the past, children were encouraged to listen, not to speak out. Therefore, when we

have such a rising divorce rate, it is important that we respect the child’s developmental

stage and hear him or her out. And whether or not the parents have been trying to

sabotage the other party’s relationship with the child, we will be able to hear more

information. And through such professional assessment, we hope the child will be heard

in particular, we need to have a child-friendly environment where the parents will not

weaponize their relationship with the child in the divorce. So that’s what we have been

doing. Thank you.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Could we take a break for 10 minutes?

Laura Lundy:

Just one question on the child death review mechanism that applies to children under

six. Can someone just explain that to me and why that age?

Representative from Ministry of Health and Welfare（Health Promotion

Administration）:

On this issue, the Health Promotion Administration has followed Article 13 of the

Protection of Child and Youths Welfare and Rights Act. And when we’ve performed

such an analysis, basically we would have such meetings at local cities and counties

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 even though according to the law, only need to perform death cause analysis for those

under the age of six, but we have been discussing with local governments that we should

include those under 18 as well.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Well, I would like to respond to the question because for those under the age of six there

are more cases of child abuse and there are maybe children who may die from illness

that is why we start with those under the age of six. But we are also discussing whether

we should also analyze the death of those ages between six to 12, 12 to 18 for example,

whether traffic accidents, fires, earthquakes, young children may be hurt or die in these

accidents. So we may look into that as well.

Lee Li-Feng, the Deputy Minister of Ministry of Health and Welfare:

And for older children, they may have died in accidents therefore, at my administration,

we have been collecting data, and analyzing data based on the ICD-10 so that we will

be able to tell whether children have died in car accidents, drowning accidents. As for

mental health, we have notice that in particular, among teenagers, the suicide rate has

been rising. We may not be able to perform death cause analysis however, for those who

committed suicide, we... especially for those who have committed suicide and saved, we

will perform analysis why they committed suicide in the first place.

Representative from Ministry of Education:

Again, for children who have been admitted to preschools, kindergartens and elementary

schools, middle schools according to our guidelines for campus safety, any death of

children will have to be reported to the authorities and every year, we invite experts and

scholars to perform analysis on the death of children and youth. Therefore, every year,

on a regular basis we do compile data on such campus safety incidence and perform

analysis, too. Thank you.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

I have one remark on a death review. There is a well-developed system already for

decades in California on the review of deaths of children, particularly young children,

but not only, the reason is that they like to identify risky situations for children. Because

if that child was dead as a result of abuse by the parents and those parents have other

children, that knowledge is important to arrange for the protection of the other children

in the family. So they have developed that since a century ago, I think. There is another

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 very specific question that is also under right to be heard so my parents are divorcing

and I’m 12 years old and I’m wondering because I’ve heard that I would be heard but I

don’t hear anything from the court. So, the very specific question is, is the court inviting

children to be heard, is there a letter going to the children saying you are invited and

explained why they are invited and about what they are. So they heard day and time and

is that sent to children above a certain age and if that’s the case what happens with the

children below that age? Otherwise is there an age set for the right of the child to be

heard in court? Let me, yes, first, I’ll tell you what we do in the Netherlands. I’ve been

a juvenile court judge so I know what happens in the Netherlands when we try to hear

children. But first, the question. Is there an answer to that question? Because you know,

a lot of children in the Netherlands 30, 000 every year are involved in or part of a process

of divorcing parents and in your country perhaps a similar number of children so it’s

important to know how the right to be heard in practice is organized. Any answers?

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

The Judicial Yuan, please.

Representative from Judicial Yuan:

Thank you, Chair for giving me the opportunity to explain the practice in Taiwan’s

family court. In fact, since 2012, we have the amended Family Act. So if the parents are

divorcing even though the child is not a party to the proceedings given the impact of a

divorce on the child so in Article 106 of the Family Act, the legislators demanded that

the court must seek out the child’s opinions. In other words, the child is deemed as a

party to the proceedings. And as I said, and as you said, the age issue according to our

law for any child over the age of seven, they have the capacity to engage in the

proceedings so that’s why we have the guardian ad litem in place. The guardian ad litem

may be a social worker, mental counselors, or psychologists, the judge depending on the

case can decide which guardian ad litem should be invited. So when the child comes to

the court, the judges try to hear him or her out. And in practice, we have a playroom next

to the courtroom and there will be a judicial affairs or family affair’s investigator to keep

the child company. In some cases maybe the child is just a baby, a toddler unable to

express meals then is it necessary to have a guardian ad litem to help him or her? That

can be discussed or the judge can approach the child observing how the child interacts

with his main caregiver and then we can have the family affairs investigator perform

more investigations. If the child is capable of expressing views then we will have the

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 child in the court, but not exactly in a formal proceeding setting. Maybe in the playroom,

in the courthouse, we can engage the child to understand how the child... the relationship

between the child and the parents, what the divorce may impact him in different ways.

And we also try to find the right company for the child when the child is in court so that

the child feels safe and secure. There will be some preparation beforehand explaining to

the child why he needs to be here in the court and what the proceedings will take place

and what impacts there will be on his life. For example, whether the parents have tried

to influence the child in his opinion about the divorce. So these are the actions we take

in practice. And in May this year, our constitutional court through an interpretation has

specifically required that for any divorces the child should be deemed as a party to the

proceedings. And the best interest of the child as well as the rights of the child to be

heard must be upheld. And some expert assistance may be sought after. But all in all, we

want to make sure that the child knows what impact there may be because of the divorce

of his parents in his life.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Thank you very much for this information. It’s very helpful for our understanding of

practicing the right of the child to be heard. Talking about child-friendly environments

which is quite an issue, you want to know where the child feels her or himself most

comfortable? That is in the house where he or she is living. So judges can go to that

house, and hear the child. As I did, the children feel very comfortable and it's so nice to

see what kind of activities they do in their room in terms of games and you know, other

activities. Children are then feeling very kind of safe in their location where they are

living. Anyway, there is much more on the party issue whether the child can appeal from

the decisions of the juvenile... in a divorce case, but I won’t go into that discussion. I

have a short consultation with the members of the committee. We were discussing our

and your mental health. Considering the possibility of having a break, but it’s already

11. We stop at 12. If we take a break we only have 40 minutes left. That’s the practice...

so we’re in agreement on the answer to that question. We continue till 12 and the floor

is for Professor John Tobin who will deal with what is known as the fourth Chapter or

Cluster and that is on Civil Rights and Freedoms. That’s a section that makes it possible

to have very heated discussions. But he will control that particular part.

John Tobin:

Thank you and thank you again for being here today and for your very generous insights.

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I’m always amazed by how much work has gone into your efforts preparing reports and

it’s taken very seriously and greatly received. So thank you. My reading of the reports

is in fact, this Chapter is not as contentious as some of the other issues we’re talking

about this afternoon. But I’m quite happy for my colleagues to intervene as well. So I

have two broad things I would like to explore, one is around the issue of freedom of

expression and access to ideas. And the second is on the right to privacy. So the first

issue around the freedom of expression and the right to access to ideas, I’m very

interested in a way in which Taiwan deals with the Internet and emerging challenges in

that space. So my first question then goes to the issue of access to the Internet as the way

of both receiving information and expressing ideas. In particular, I want to know what

you are doing as a nation to ensure access to children particularly in remote and rural

areas of Taiwan. I understand that access coverage is very extensive and wide, but there

were still some gaps. The second issue in terms of access to the Internet is particularly

related to children with disabilities and particularly children who may be visually

impaired. So what special measures are you adopting to ensure that those children have

effective access to the Internet to both receive ideas and express information, especially

ideas? The second series of questions goes to their education for young people across

the board and my question goes to what age does this begin. In terms of empowering

young people to understand the ability to use the internet as a way to both receive

information but also to express ideas. So very concerned what’s happening within

schools and what age process starts if there’s dedicated program curriculum that allows

children as I said to both understand the capacity to receive information but also to

express their ideas. The third sort of questions right into the Internet thing is the issue of

regulation and how of course to manage the challenges, the rise for young people in

terms of content that may not be appropriate for their age or development as well. So I

understand there are some measures are being taken around classification information,

around regulation, but I’m very keen to know what you are doing as a state to ensure or

as a government to ensure the effective regulation of the Internet in a way that manages

that bounce between protection and empowerment, which is a difficult thing to shadow

sometimes as well. Also I’m keen to know how you engage children in a process of best

understanding how to both educate children about the Internet, but also how to regulate

access to and content on the Internet. In relation to the issue of the right to privacy, there

are some comments in the reports from NGOs around health examinations in schools

including examinations that extend to children’s genitals. I’m very concerned as to why

that would ever be required. I’m also interested to know what rights children have in

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 those circumstances to refuse those examinations but also the process for enabling a

school to undertake the examination. So I’ve read that in fact consent is sought from the

parents, but I’m curious to know whether in fact the views of children are sought and

what happens if in fact there is some inconsistency between parents and children with

respect to those examinations within schools. The last issue around privacy goes to the

issue of managing data. So in my own country right now we’re having serious leaks of

confidential information on every level, which is becoming a serious issue in Australia.

I’ve heard this morning that in fact Taiwan is undertaking significant events to manage

data particularly for children in a whole range of issues which is to be encouraged. The

challenge of course now is the need to ensure we protect access to that data at all levels.

At the school in terms of young people having access to their peers’ data, but the high

level as well in terms of protecting the use of data between government departments and

how it is shared and who has accessed that data as well. So I’m very curious to know

what measures are being taken in there to protect children’s data and their right to privacy.

Thank you.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

NCC and then Ministry of Digital Affairs.

Representative from National Communication Commission:

Dear IRC members, I’m from NCC. Let me take on the question regarding online safety

for children. There is a diverse range of online contents and in democracies,

governments try not to intervene too much regarding the contents of the Internet so the

service providers usually need to self-regulate. It is the same in Taiwan. But when such

self-regulation is not effective, when the content damages the public interest of

children’s interest then we use the public power to intervene. NCC follows Article 46 of

the Children and Youths Act to prevent children from coming in contact with the online

content that may hurt their health. The government asked the private sector to set up an

organization called iWIN that’s a content classification organization. So on age-

appropriate content, on screening content, well, first, let me talk about classification. In

fact, there was regulation that was abolished in 2011 or so, so now we rely on self-

regulation. App store and Google market have to regulate themselves. They need to put

a rating on their applications, and put on some warming. The classification or the ratings

may be different in different countries so parents in Taiwan can set an age limit to limit

what applications children can download from the App store or Google store. Line TV

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or Netflix also have ratings so that children can access age-appropriate contents. So the

account can be managed in a way to set an age limit. Parents can use that tool too. As

for age authentication, this is a gatekeeping approach. And iWIN creates a framework

to decide what content needs to put age authentication as their requirement. For many

years iWIN continues to talk to service providers and discuss how to prevent children

from reaching inappropriate content. So age authentication is often used through credit

card authentication or through ID authentication. As for screening applications, while

iWIN has a special section on its websites suggesting some content of filtering

applications so parents are encouraged to install these applications, this specific section

on the website is updated constantly. The MOE application can also be used by the

parents or the teachers to put on age limits. And iWIN also put on the blacklist of

inappropriate content. And iWIN is not able to reach the platform provider or when the

provider is not able to set up a good gatekeeping system or it fails to remove

inappropriate content then this provider will be put on blacklist. So MOE’s application

and Chunghwa Telecom’s application will filter out these websites. Telcos also provide

good screening applications. Taiwan mobile or Far Eastern, these are all telcos that

provide good applications to screen out the content. ISP （Internet Service Provider）

providers also offer a safekeeping mechanism. In order to encourage providers to screen

out the content, the framework by iWIN helps service providers to have a common

understanding as to what content is not suitable. And there’s a multi-stakeholders

meeting organized every year to discuss what content should be listed as inappropriate,

and how to deal with inappropriate content in order to form consensus among self-

providers. And if complaints are filed against some providers, they know what to do to

improve. Every year in terms of specific topics, training will be provided for the platform

operators through the iWIN’s work. For example, communication with Twitter or Dcard

communication has been going on a regular basis between iWIN and these platform

operators. In order to enhance people’s digital literacy, iWIN is also taking action to help

parents, students, teachers and the general public to attend workshops on cybersecurity

topics covered include cyber literacy, online dating, fault prevention, intimate images,

personal information protection, screening software and mechanism for children to seek

help if they have cybersecurity problems. In addition for the frontline social workers,

teachers and parents, there are additional training courses for them. Moreover, on an

annual basis throughout different parts of the country, we organized large fairs to attract

parents and children to learn about cyber security. Games are used as the means to instill

such knowledge. Different agencies, institutions are also using their Facebook fan pages

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 to present such information. Moreover, games have been developed along with platform

operators so there are multiple ways to disseminate such information to help our children

to be informed about issues related to cybersecurity. Last but not least, iWIN also

receives complaints from parents, students, children and youth, online activities, face to

face activities are also organized by iWIN to help the stakeholders to know how to

protect themselves in an online environment. I’ll end here.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Ministry of Digital Affairs, please.

Representative from Ministry of Digital Affairs（Administration for Digital

Industries）:

So under the relevant law, we do have a game rating system. So we have regulations to

govern the rating of different games software including five categories: parental

guidance for different age groups of children, or general category, protective category,

and restricted category. We also asked the game developers to provide such rating

information when they launched these online games. On the website, they also need to

have a dedicated section to provide information about protection for children and youth

in the cyberspace. Our administration also performs random checks of these online

games to see if they comply with the ratings. If they fail to comply, we will tell the

operators to make improvements. We also engage in on campus promotions so that

children will learn what kind of dangers may be lurking online such as cyberbullying,

sexual exploitation, fraud. We also tell young people not to transmit or upload their

intimate images to strangers online. In addition, there are also activities organized to

educate parents along with children about the use of online games. We also have some

performance camps for children so that these children can engage in these activities and

learn about cybersecurity issues.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Next, representatives from the MOE, please talk about how to narrow digital divide

especially, the one between the country and the urban areas.

Representative from Ministry of Education（Department of Information and

Technology Education）:

Well, for the high schools basically, sorry, for middle schools basically we have 100%

coverage of wireless network in all schools and also you can see the connecting speed

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 is over 1 GB per second for on campus backbone network and for the bandwidth

connecting to the school network from outside school is also over 300 MGB per second.

For schools in the rural areas, their conditions may be different from one school to

another. So we do provide some flexibility in local schools when they propose short term

online education schemes to ensure the student’s right to education. Also we subsidized

the Public Television Service Foundation to make teaching videos, which can be aired

in rural areas especially during the pandemic, school shutdown. So these are the efforts

we make to breach the gap. Furthermore, in terms of these screening systems, the MOE

is also working with the iWIN, which provides us with a blacklist and on the campus

Internet we do apply the blacklist to block. Actually 490 million incidents from those

blacklisted websites so the blockage rate is very high. When students go home and use

mobile devices to go online, we also work with company Trend Micro to launch the

network guardian angel’s software. Over 90, 000 downloads have been made of this

particular software.

Representative from Ministry of Education:

Again, from MOE, students health examinations, we know that students spend most of

the daytime in schools, if we ask the students to go to hospitals to perform health

examinations, the time may be a problem, the parents may not be able to accompany

their children to the hospital because they have to work or when the parents maybe

working out of town, the grandparents are taking care of the kids in some rural areas that

is why health examinations are carried out by the school authorities. Once a year, this

health examination will be carried out. Can children decline to be examined? Yes, they

do have the right to say no and actually the school would also send an informed consent

form to the child and the parents. Before the health examination can take place, the

parents must sign the informed consent form which will explain the items in the health

examination, the procedures, the dates, the time so that the parents will be fully informed.

The parents should discuss with their kids. With the consent from their children, the

informed consent form will be signed by the parents and given back to the school before

the health examination will be carried out on the children. Most parents tend to agree

and sign the form. The purpose of such an examination is to detect any health problems

and make treatment available as early as possible. As for the examination of the abdomen

or the genitals or private parts of children, again, in the informed consent form, there

will be a very detailed explanation and the parents will have to tick the box to show if

they agree that particular part of the child’s body can be examined. And the parents can

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 then take their own kids to a different hospital for such an examination and then return

the examination report to the schools that will do. The MOE also has a manual for

student’s health examination and the handbook stipulates that when the examination of

the student’s private parts is carried out, there must be a curtain to protect the privacy of

the child. With the exception of medical professionals, no person should be present when

the examination is ongoing. If the child is found out to be overweight or have some sight

problems, the results will be sent back to the parents so that the parents can take the child

for further treatment. Thank you.

Representative from Ministry of Education:

Again from the MOE, you asked about visually impaired children and their use of

computers at a local university, we have an Assistive Tool Development Center for these

children with impairments. So we provide these visually impaired students with the

computers that they can use. So such assistive tools have been made available to them.

We also asked experts to design additional tools to help these impaired visually children

to access information online. If there are no adequate assistive tools or equipment to

meet their needs, we also have assistants in schools to help these children to use

computers.

John Tobin:

Thank you so much for your detailed answers. Just one quick follow up question with

those school examinations regarding the child’s health, at what age they start and at what

age is it finished? Does it all go through primary and secondary school or is it finished

at, let’s say for example, age 12?

Representative from Ministry of Education:

Oh yeah, it’s 12 years old. We have an implementation plan for children who are in

junior high school and elementary school, oh sorry, it’s 15 years old including children

in junior high school and elementary school. Thank you.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Okay. A follow up question by Dr. Vuckovic.

Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic:

Thank you to all of you for providing such elaborate information for us that will

definitely help us clarify whatever we read here. And the information that we got from

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 other sources. Really so many. And that was my concern in the beginning and then I see

that it really is reflected in all other areas of the rights of the child and this is a question

of data, data collection the way they are collected, but more than that I have a feeling,

correct me if I’m wrong, that Taiwan is very good in collecting the statistics and has a

lot of statistics and is very good in making charts and plans. Very detailed, very perfect,

which is really the reflection of a very serious thinking about structures and how to get

organized and everything. But my question is and maybe a little bit of concern who does

actually research analysis, evaluations? Is it universities, is it like I hear from my friends

and you know, what we did in our universities, we used those data and then we worked

with them and then we do a lot of analysis and we come to amazing conclusions. So do

you have research institute like specifically for like, let’s say social studies or family

research institute or I don’t know some legal research institute or your universities do

that because very often, even I have a question when I look into the chapters in your list

of... in your state reports and the replies of the List of Issues I wonder, okay, there’s so

many data but I still don’t know what is done with those data. I didn’t see any report,

any research, any result so if you can tell us more about that process of scientific research

and working with those statistic, wonderful statistics and data for actually the purpose

of being able to compare and being able to match or maybe to assess how useful works

and measures that you introduce in which you have data but then we don’t know how to

measure the effectiveness and to see where we are after all this time. Thank you.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Thank you Dr. Vuckovic. I had a question, do you have an example of how statistical

data changed your law or your policies? Because it’s an impressive body of numbers

and figures and sometimes figures go down and that’s a concern and sometimes they go

up and it’s not a concern, but the question is whether it is a concern whether that has an

impact on your policy and legislative activities on children’s rights.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

National Health Insurance Administration, how do you provide the stats to researchers

or scholars?

Representative from Ministry of Health and Welfare（National Health Insurance

Administration）:

Thank you for the question. This is National Health Insurance Administration. I

mentioned earlier that we have a huge database from 1995 to today. A database of 27

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 years. We work with SFAA and National Health Administration, we integrate all the data

and we open up for the use of researchers so researchers or research institutes can apply

to use the data. If they are interested, they submit their research programs to us and apply

to use the data. We have committee members to evaluate that okay, this data can be made

available to the researchers and the researchers can conduct the research. Usually

researchers have to go to a closed environment. They cannot take the data away. They

can come here to access the data, but they cannot take the data away. This is to protect

the privacy of all the people so this is my brief response to your question.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Next, the Department of Protective Services. How do you collect and use data related to

children? And then MOE can talk about how you use campus data. Okay. Thank you.

Representative from Ministry of Health and Welfare（Department of Protective

Services）:

Thank You for your question. This is the Department of Protective Services of Ministry

of Health and Welfare. On the long-term, we collect data on child abuse. We have

statistical data. After a while we analyze the forms of abuse and the relationship between

the abuser and the abused. In this process we discover that there have been some serious

cases that need to be submitted to the judicial proceedings so that they can have judicial

interventions so that police officers and the social workers as well can work together and

provide intervention. So in the Children and Youths Act, some provisions have been

amended so that this practice can be realized in order to prevent better protection for

children. Now on death review and the reason why they focused on children who are

under six, we discovered that most of the serious cases that lead to death happened to

children who are under six. Family factors, and so on and the fact that these families are

isolated, they don’t receive support so we think that they are at-risk families and

therefore in our legislation, we add the death review for children who are under six. Also

we see that some cases, if they happened, they are serious cases and therefore, these

cases have to be prevented. And therefore, in the social network program, we put the

primary and the secondary prevention in the community setting. It is not official

legislation yet, but this is how we want to improve the protection through practice and

we have this practice because we have the data and the numbers. Thank you.

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Representative from Ministry of Education:

This is MOE. There are two points I want to add about how we analyzed children-related

numbers. For example, we have the top five causes of death: traffic accidents, drowning,

falling from height, accidental hazards and drug use. These are the top five causes of

death of children. So we developed five educational materials focusing on these five

causes. And these resources are made available for the schools so that we can prevent

such deaths in the future. Second, MOE follows the number of dropouts. We want to

know if they come back to school after counseling. We want to know the rates of

returning to school and we analyze the causes of dropouts. Is it because of individual

factors, family factors, health factors, and economic reasons? So we were able to decide

which factors are the most insignificant and if it is because of individual causes then we

add more headcount to the counseling team in the school also including more social

workers, therapists to have more staff and a counseling center in school. If the cause is

family factor then we work with social administration. We integrate with the welfare

resources to help improve the functions of the family. If the cause is economic reasons

for example, children need to work, of course they have to be of age in order to work.

Some of the students leave high school because they need to work. So we want to

provide them with jobs on campus, and provide them with subsidies. We try to match

them, the children who are 18 years old with labor services so that they can have safe

and stable jobs. So what I want to say is that Ministry of Education utilizes children-

related data and based on this data we improve the policies to provide a better

environment for children to learn and to grow, to develop so that they have a more stable

life. Thank you.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

This is the Executive Yuan. I want to talk about the National Research Institute. We have

a National Health Institute in Taiwan, which is a research institute. It focuses on health

issues. There is a small group focusing on children’s health and welfare in this research

institute. There is also the National Science Council. They have two long-term, large-

scale databases. One on education from elementary school to high school in order to

understand what education is like for different generations of students. Has our

education changed and does the education change them or help them get better jobs? In

addition, they also perform collection of data of Taiwan’s household families. And

college professors, university professors can propose research projects and use the data

from these two databases. And their research reports can be published. They also serve

as important reference for the government’s policy making and sometimes the

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 government also invites them or recruits them as advisors based on their research

conclusions. I’ll end here.

Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic:

Are there any publications? So you collect the data and there is research and analysis,

people can come to do analysis and there is the institute and so are there publications

where that can be presented? Because it would also be useful to see such articles

internationally but are there national magazines or publications where it is presented

with all those results and for example, students who want to learn about rights of the

child can collect, let’s say articles and books domestically and learn more about it?

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Such findings have been published internationally or domestically in journals at home

or abroad so they are readily accessible and they are also open to the public. But for

some research, it’s policy-based research. In other words, we commission some scholars

to perform such research and their research will be fed into the policymaking.

Representative from Ministry of Health and Welfare（Social and Family Affairs

Administration）:

Basically, different government ministries will also conduct research. In this regard, we

have a government research information system or government research bulletin.

There’s an English version to that. So when we formulate policies or if scholars are

interested in these issues they can also go to this bulletin to find the relevant information.

I’ll end here. Thank you.

Laura Lundy:

You mentioned earlier that you were conducting child rights impact assessments, and I

think that’s wonderful and really important. My question is that just in your unit and

department and are those child rights impact assessments happening across Ministries?

Representative from Ministry of Health and Welfare（Social and Family Affairs

Administration）:

This child rights impact analysis is performed across different Ministries. Currently, it’s

still on a pilot-bases and we have a consulting group consisting of NGOs representatives

and experts and scholars, they will pick the laws and legislations that should be used to

perform such rights impact analysis. 64 of them have been chosen. Most of them are

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 Regulations from the MOHW and MOE. Afterwards we have a mechanism to review

whether some improvements or changes to the existing institutions are needed.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

So, it’s about the end of this session. I have one question I need to ask because the

constitutional court of this country made a decision that children should be considered

as a party in divorce cases. So I am 12 years old, I am one of three children. The court,

after a lot of discussion and mediation and all that, decided that the children are going

to live with the mother. I’m a 12 year-old boy, I don’t like the decision and the question

therefore is can I appeal from the decision as a party to the process? You don’t need to

answer the question but I want to have the question after lunch.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

We still have a few minutes left, maybe the Judicial Yuan Representative can answer the

question.

Representative from Judicial Yuan:

Thank you for the question. For the follow up question, I said that in 2012, the Family

Act already included the children’s right to attend judicial hearings and the guardian ad

litem can be assigned to help the child and the guardian ad litem can independently file

an appeal on behalf of the child. For example, in your case, if the boy doesn’t want to

live with the father then the guardian ad litem can file an appeal to the court on behalf

of the child. And the guardian ad item’s opinion doesn’t have to be identical with that of

the parents and during the high court proceedings, the guardian ad litem can again

express views on behalf of the child. Therefore, if the child is not happy with the court’s

decision the child can definitely express the views because this decision is going to

impact the child’s life in the future. I wonder if I answered your question. If you have

any follow up questions, please let me know before lunch. That’s okay.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

The microphone from time to time tells me, “I don’t want to work with you anymore.”

But now it works again. There is one issue that is important that needs attention and it’s

part of the Civil Rights Freedom Chapter 4 and Dr. Nigel Cantwell will raise the question

and it’s... I hope you have good food for lunch, but it is also a piece of food for lunch

because I want the answer after lunch. Dr. Cantwell has the floor.

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Nigel Cantwell:

Thanks very much. The focus is on identity on Articles 7 and 8. And first of all, I’d like

to actually ask a follow up question in relation to what Ministry of the Interior said on

stateless children this morning. I’d like to understand a little more clearly the actual

responsibilities or let’s say actions taken by the authorities in relation to stateless

children who may be in the care of the state. As far as I understood, the response was

that the authorities may help to apply...the child to apply for naturalization. And I want

to understand what the significance of the word “May” is there. Is that it may decide to,

is it that it is allowed to or is it that it will? And it seems to me that this is a very

fundamental issue because we are aware the statelessness affects relatively few children

but when it does affect them it is of absolute significance in terms of their lives and best

interest. So that’s the first question which should be easy I think to answer. The other

questions I have are in relation to donor-conceived children and children born of

surrogacy. In the response to the List of Issues, it was noted that surrogacy is not

legalized in Taiwan, which is fine, but my understanding is there are children born of

surrogacy, who are in Taiwan and presumably that they are born abroad though

surrogacy abroad and then integrated into Taiwanese society and I’d like to know what

the status of those children is given that surrogacy is not legal in this country. And

particularly, I’d like to know what their situation is in relation to birth registration, in

relation to their family relations and in particular their in relation to the identity of the

surrogate mother, the birth mother, whether they have automatic nationality of Taiwan,

resident rights and access to basic services. This is an important question. Most countries

of the world do not allow surrogacy but our concern is very often that children born of

surrogacy find themselves in these countries and their legal and other status may be

unclear. And I’d like to know exactly what the situation is in relation to Taiwan. And

even if it’s hypothetical, if an illegal surrogacy took place in Taiwan, what would be the

status of the child born of surrogacy? So that’s the first question and then the other

question it relates to donor-conceived children. Here my understanding is from the

responses to the List of Issues that the children who are donor-conceived in Taiwan

cannot access information as to their origins unless they later in life adopt or are adopted

or marry and my concern therefore is why are they not permitted access to information

about their origins simply for reasons of knowing their origins. I’ll say this in a context

worldwide where donor-conceived children are becoming increasingly vocal as to their

right to know their origins and presumably this is or will be the case in Taiwan in the

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 coming years. So we would very much appreciate the response of the government on

those questions. As the Chairman said presumably after lunch. Thank you.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Dr. Cantwell, the answer will be after lunch as I said. It’s lunchtime and we are supposed

to be back at 2 o’clock. That’s correct?

Emcee:

Yes, 2 o’clock.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Okay. Have a very nice lunch and be in full shape back here for the afternoon session.

Meeting is adjourned.

Emcee:

Thank you very much for being here. Lunch boxes are provided on the fourth floor.

Please, bring the voucher to the fourth floor. You should have your voucher in your

badge, if you register today. If you signed in yesterday please go to the desk to get the

food voucher. If you only signed today you have your voucher in your badge, if you

signed in yesterday, please go to the desk to get your vouchers. Lunch boxes will be

provided on the fourth floor. Please take the elevators or the escalators to reach the fourth

floor.

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（二） 審查 CRC 第二次國家報告（第五章-第七章）

簡要紀錄

【第五章-保護兒少免受暴力侵害】

1. Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic 委員：

（1）疏忽與虐待的定義、解釋為何？法令雖提出清楚定義，但與 CRC 比對，

如第 8 號一般性意見、聯合國兒少暴力調查報告，當中涉及不同場域、社

會、學校、教育系統、教育、政府部門、家庭環境內的暴力及職場場，

是否有相關解釋函？非正式場域的兒少遭受暴力，如何定義？非正式教

育體系的暴力如社團、體育運動或遊戲室發生暴力事件是否有進行處

理？通報？定期督察？是否有做成因研究分析？獲得通報及從來沒有獲

得通報的案件有多少？如何掌握這些資訊？

衛生福利部保護服務司代表：《兒少法》第 49 條明文規定，任何人就包括

各種場域，包含家內父母親、學校老師、機構照顧者，任何人均不能對

兒少有下列的行為，其中最廣泛的就叫身心虐待。身心虐待對應到 CRC

精神，包括身體虐待、精神暴力和性暴力，還有性侵害、不當對待以及

疏忽照顧。在 2021 年，我們重新定義身心虐待，把 CRC 精神放進來，告

訴實務界沒有所謂反覆、長時間，就是只要有身心虐待，不管是體罰或

疏忽照顧，都算身心虐待。

（2）兒少性侵加害人逍遙法外，這種情形你們覺得普遍嗎？

（未有答復）

（3）犯罪受害兒少或目睹犯罪的兒少，對其的保護措施為何？貴國有完整的

協調機制合作機制，就是重大兒虐司法早期介入合作程序，我想請問這

個機制的落實狀況為何？

⚫ 衛生福利部保護服務司代表：司法早期介入部分，目前全國 22 個縣市

兒童保護網絡，包括警察、社工、檢察官，甚至醫院醫生，都形成保

護網絡，他們建立 Line 群組，當發生一件兒童不當對待事件，他們會

在 Line 群組詢問，群組醫師主要是傷勢研判，告訴社工、警察這個可

能是被家內虐待，不是意外傷害；警察則是對行為人約制告誡；檢察

官則啟動犯罪偵查；社工提供被害人保護措施，包括創傷、安置、安

全計畫，這個落實已形成具體且可執行的方式。

⚫ 法務部檢察司代表：補充說明檢警在重大兒虐早期介入的角色，地檢

署均有婦幼檢察官輪值，負責偵辦家庭暴力、性侵害、性騷擾等相關

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 案件，例如醫院醫生懷疑發生重大兒虐案件，透過通報機制直接進入

縣市政府主管機關，同時啟動警察開始偵查，警察會向執勤婦幼檢察

官報告，檢察官即會啟動偵查，與醫院聯繫，驗傷採集證據。

（4）兒童之家收容目睹兒少、兒少受害人，會有醫師、心理師、檢警、法官

前往這個特定地點訪談兒少，而不是讓兒少面臨許多步驟及不同單位的

人員（警察、檢方、醫療人員、加害者等），許多國家採取這樣的模式，

在實體地點直接詢問及訪談，臺灣是否會考慮這樣的模式？

⚫ 衛生福利部保護服務司代表：臺灣做的是一站式服務，讓孩子在發生

事情時，社工陪他到醫院驗傷，他到醫院時，我們就會聯絡警察、檢

察官，在醫院驗傷採證時，同時把筆錄、檢察官詢問，在醫院溫馨檢

查室完成，這是我們的特別保護措施，同時在整個司法程序，社工會

全程陪同，必要時提出意見，此外，12 歲以下孩子發生性侵害之後，

可能很容易被誤導，被問話時會遺忘，甚至重複問很多問題，可能會

有二次創傷，我們有減少重複陳述措施，也有專業司法詢問，經過訓

練專業人員協助警察、檢察官、法官來詢問孩子到底發生什麼事。

⚫ 法務部檢察司代表：除衛福部說明一站式服務外，有些案件檢察官需

要再詳細詢問兒少時，地檢署有設置溫馨談話室，別於一般偵查庭，

環境設計如客廳，擺設玩具或玩偶，檢察官跟受訊問者座位高度一樣，

讓受訊問者較能放鬆。

⚫ 教育部代表：關於學生目睹家暴部分，目前各地方政府家暴防治中心

受理個案通報後會開具知會單給學生所屬學校，學校收到知會單後會

立刻召開個案會議，邀集學生所屬班級導師及輔導老師進行個案討論，

會特別注意幾個原則，要保密，避免孩子被標籤化，保障孩子隱私跟

尊嚴；盡可能地給孩子關心，增進他跟同儕、師長正面互動的人際關

係；同時關注是否有穩定就學，以及針對他所遭遇暴力心理創傷，評

估嚴重程度及所需的輔導策略。學校召開完個案會議後一個月內回復

家暴防治中心處理情形，如果個案受創程度嚴重，他們也轉介縣市的

輔諮中心，由專業輔導人員給予輔導。

（5）若沒有在兒童之家接受安置，如何協助被害兒童的康復及重返社會？有

無相關回顧過去 5 年至 10 年，協助兒少康復的效果？

衛生福利部保護服務司代表：有關復歸社會部分，兒童遭受重大虐待，

經社工完整評估後，認為孩子需要安置，進入安置機構後，社工就要開

始返家或自立的規劃。在機構內進行創傷治療使兒少穩定生活，也對他

的原生家庭進行家庭重建，倘家庭狀況改善，會嘗試漸進式返家，定期

會面交往。如果家庭功能經過一年、兩年努力，仍舊無法讓兒少返家，

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 就會協助兒少進行長期輔導計畫，與孩子討論未來生活，要持續安置或

是回到社區自立生活，或是以他最佳利益考量聲請停止親權或改定監護

人。如與兒少討論朝向自立，自立方案社工會提供相關生活扶助、醫

療、居住、就學及其他生活適應問題的協助。雖沒有實證研究，但就我

所知，經過自立方案的孩子，他回饋給社工的是他自己從中得到滋養，

他後來念大學選擇社工系，畢業後也擔任社工。

（6）有關熱線，報告使用「未來」，想釐清本點，看起來這專線服務 4 萬 5 千

人，這是多久的期間，服務的效果為何？

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：所提到的 Hot Line will distribute，不

是 will，是 has to 必須。

2. Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

（1）家內發生的暴力，有可能是性暴力或身心暴力，若知道加害人是誰，是

不是把加害人從家中移走也是個可能性？

⚫ 衛生福利部保護服務司代表：家庭內性暴力部分，在臺灣制度中，視

為性侵害，也是家庭暴力，可適用《刑法》犯罪偵防，可搭配家庭暴

力聲請民事保護令，讓行為人先離開他的住所，2021 年，全國有

7,787 件的性侵害案件，63%是未滿 18 歲被害人，13%是發生在家內，

家內發生性侵害之後被害人移出到安置機構占 15%，也就說還有 85%

留在家、有一部分是聲請保護令占 8%。社工讓兒少離開家或者留在

家，是經過評估指標，包括案家對性侵害是否存在迷思？很多家庭會

覺得孩子說謊，所以把加害人移出不見得對孩子好，第二個是說這樣

的家庭實務上有多重問題，包括有權控關係，施暴者可能對同居伴侶

有親密關係暴力，媽媽可能無法保護自己，像這種狀況，不適合把孩

子留下來，此外，社工會評估家庭保護因子，如果足夠會優先讓他訂

安全計畫，或聲請民事保護令，孩子留在家裡，施暴者離開，大概有

85%都會走這條路。

⚫ 法務部檢察司代表：司法早期介入流程啟動之後，如主席所提到的讓

加害人離開的部分，倘案件事證明確，符合法律相當構成要件，檢察

官會向法院聲請羈押；目前性侵害案件如有重大案件通報，也會透過

輪值檢察官即時啟動偵查。

（2）很多遭家內性暴力兒少不會通報，如果兒少願意說出自己是受害者時，

但已經過了法律追訴期，有沒有考慮修改這一類犯罪的時效限制？或針

對其他也有時效的暴力犯罪，考慮取消時效？

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 法務部檢察司代表：有關追訴權時效，目前最近因為剛好臺灣發生一些

案件，所以一直有在討論，就我所知有一些立法委員參考外國已提出相

關修正草案。

（3）有無強制通報的條款，不只針對專業人員，也包含社會大眾？

衛生福利部保護服務司代表：通報部分，在我國法律有強制責任通報，

包括《兒少法》53 條規定，醫事人員、社工人員、教育人員、保育人

員、教保服務人員、警察、司法人員、移民人員、戶政人員、村里幹

事，在執行職務時，發現兒少有遭受任何人不當虐待，要在 24 小時內通

報主管機關。提到民眾通報的部分，除了專業人員強制通報外，任何人

發現，包含兒少自己本身有發現兒童不當對待，也可以通報，法律要求

通報人資訊保密，被通報兒少，法律規定其身分資訊也要保密，如果有

人或媒體或在網路揭露被害兒少個人資訊，會有罰則。民眾通報可以用

電話撥打 113，全年無休，24 小時專人接聽，統一集中派案給各縣市。

（4）這個專線是用來通報對兒少有暴力行為？還是任何人遇到暴力都可以通

報？是否意味專線人員必須有不同知識、背景跟專業，如有人通報交通

事故失去孩子、失去父母，或父母通報孩子自殺了，這樣的通報所需專

業是不同的。

衛生福利部保護服務司代表：113 當時成立是一個窗口三種服務：兒童保

護、家庭暴力、性侵害。現在則是納入數位性別暴力，涉及性或跟婦

女、兒少權益相關的，除了通報之外，有一些是諮詢，也就是說他不知

道要找誰，可以先進線諮詢。

（5）是否有考慮明文訂定禁止父母禁止體罰？

衛生福利部保護服務司代表：臺灣在這個兒虐議題，花很多時間跟家長

溝通，我們希望他們採一個正向教養，避免打、罵，或用負向管教方式

來行使他的親權，力推正向教養概念。對於受虐兒少，目前正在推行創

傷知情，理解他的創傷反應及行為，並接納他的情緒。

3. Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：延續上述自立兒少復歸例子，假設有位女性 5 歲時

受到家內成員性侵，她念完大學了，終於願意回頭來談談 20 年前發生的家內

性侵，那麼這個追訴時效問題又回來了，她去找警察通報了這個過去的案

件，警方跟她說：「很抱歉，我們無法起訴這個案件」，因為必須在犯罪事件

發生之後 15 年之內就通報才行，這個時候怎麼辦？你們要更改追訴時效的法

令嗎？還是說取消跟性暴力或其他研究暴力的追訴時效呢？會這樣子做嗎？

這是我的問題。

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 法務部檢察司代表：剛剛對於這個問題有稍微解釋過，臺灣最近發生一些類

似案例，立法院也有部分立法委員已經提出了相關的修正草案，仿德國的立

法，本部就這個問題尚在討論中，因為必須要檢討所有跟性有關的犯罪，除

了《刑法》，還有包含《兒少性剝削條例》的處罰，還有性騷擾的防治條

例，必須通盤討論。

【第六章-家庭環境與替代性照顧】

1. Nigel Cantwell 委員：

（1）發展家庭式的替代性的照顧應為替代性照顧政策的首要目標，請問在提

升親屬照顧、寄養家庭的量能及普及率上，目前有何阻力及障礙？是社

會大眾對照顧者角色的問題？還是財務或其他資源不足？

衛生福利部社會及家庭署代表：為符合聯合國準則，2019 年政府成立專

責小組，包括地方政府代表、學者專家、NGOs 代表，經多次討論、協

商、諮詢，兒少替代性照顧政策正式在 2021 年完成，經院兒權小組通

過。在擬定這個政策時，我們檢視現況及既有政策，當時發現，大概有

過半家外安置兒少在機構式照顧，原因是缺乏親屬照顧所需要的資源支

持，除此之外，親屬不了解親屬照顧所須扮演角色、擔憂影響到自己原

本家庭生活，且往往這些親屬年紀較大沒有力氣照顧兒少，同時財務狀

況不佳，因此親屬照顧目前比例較低。寄養照顧量能部分，因兒少行

為、身心方面或疾病問題多元，目前寄養家庭父母約 80%、70%年齡超過

50 歲以上，較無法照顧這些孩子的發展需求。（如何提升親屬照顧、寄養

家庭量能詳見第（3）題回復內容）

（2）身心障礙兒童替代性照顧，以目前資訊看來，是類兒少仍很難獲得家庭

式照顧，且在國內收養比例非常低，幾乎都在海外收養，臺灣政府還可

以再做哪些努力幫助身心障礙兒少找到家庭式替代照顧？

（收養部分詳見第（6）題回復內容；家庭式替代照顧詳見第（3）題回

復內容）

（3）國際上，倘親屬照顧、寄養家庭無法進行安置，小團體家庭照顧的運用

會優先於大型住宿機構，在臺灣是相反的路徑，這是令我驚訝的作法。

⚫ 院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：應該讓親屬、寄養優先，再往團

體家庭，這樣的方式我們正在努力中，但也需承認現在仍有困難，早

期臺灣身心障礙機構式照顧是由傳教士建立，照顧品質良好，因歷史

經驗給予臺灣啟發與示範，使私立機構模仿，在這樣情況下，是否導

致我們沒有太多動力培養寄養家庭、親屬照顧，這兩者是否有關係我

們並不確定，但是我們確實有留意到國際作法，會投注資源鼓勵發展

家庭式的照顧。

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 ⚫ 衛生福利部社會及家庭署代表：團體家庭目前尚未是法定安置形式，

這也是為什麼它的安置順序並不是優先於機構式，2010 年推動先導式

計畫，資助 NGOs 籌辦團體家庭，但因無法源依據，且營運成本高，

地方政府並未有積極意願撥款支持團體家庭，另外一方面照顧有特殊

需求兒少，沒有專業人力資源或適當場地，讓 NGOs 難以成立團體家

庭，目前團體家庭數量有限，因此大部分家外安置兒少還是安置在機

構。為解決這個問題，我們訂定優先開發家庭式替代性照顧資源的目

標，提供更多支持給親屬照顧，給予安置費用，使親屬照顧者如寄養

家庭可獲得費用支持，也提供系統性教育訓練給親屬照顧者，並提供

可及性服務，根據需求提供必要的諮商、諮詢服務，也希望能夠提供

同儕支持，讓相關照顧經驗者交流經驗。擴大寄養家庭量能部分，已

修訂的家庭寄養服務工作基準，把年齡上限移到 65 歲，使符合資格

的照顧者可擔任寄養家庭，提供喘息、多元服務給寄養家庭，使其能

照顧有特殊需求兒少。我們會鼓勵地方政府擴大團體家庭的數量，地

方政府可提供社會住宅、資源給 NGOs 協助他們設置團體家庭。在此

釐清臺灣替代性照顧順序，安置兒少時，地方政府應要遵循下列的順

序，第一是適當親屬照顧，第二是兒少重要他人，第三是寄養家庭，

第四則是安置機構。倘兒少法修法後，團體家庭成為法定照顧模式的

話，那麼團體家庭會優先於機構。

（4）私立機構品質問題，評鑑評等比較低的機構都是私立機構，為何有這樣

的狀況？原因為何？公立機構均獲得優、甲等，是因政府本身是監督者

而評等較好？還是私立機構服務品質不佳？倘是私立機構服務品質不佳

且數量很多，是否代表發照法規不嚴謹或監督不足？政府該如何改善，

提供資源給私立機構？私立機構如何自籌基金？倘私立機構的資金有限，

工作環境不好，人員流動率高，服務照顧就會下降，如果政府提供補助

50％，應依公約第 20 條，政府如何確保良好的替代照顧服務品質？

衛生福利部社會及家庭署代表：私立安置機構評鑑結果較差，係因其服

務不足以滿足特殊兒少多元需求，特殊需求兒少很難留在這種住宿式機構

中，特別是有身心障礙特殊兒少。另我們也在檢討法定照顧比的問題，

現行法定照顧比是每 4 名兒少要配置 1 名照顧人力，但實務上囿於休假及

排班的問題，機構必須多聘照顧人力因應，此外，地方政府安置費用只

能滿足兒少生活需求，沒有辦法反映出照顧實際上成本，如營運、人力

成本。部分地方政府也沒有落實對機構定期評鑑及查核結果的改善督導。

因此我們的替代性照顧政策有一個策略性的行動計畫，首先加強機構工作

人員的照顧能力，提供適當資源，調整安置機構規模來增進其服務品質，

未來我們會修正照顧比，規範安置人數上限，讓機構能盡量以接近家庭

的方式照顧兒少。

（5）去機構化問題，住宿式照顧系統本質上是機構照顧，臺灣對於去機構化

似乎仍有所猶豫，似乎不認為是一個必要的方向，請問在臺灣，去機構

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 化是否適當？主管機關對此有何信念？如果對此方向有疑問的話，是什

麼？如果臺灣需要客製化的做法，請問去機構化會是什麼樣的策略？

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：我代表行政院說明去機構化政策，

基本上是接受，而且努力在往這些方向，臺灣關於去機構化議題，不管

是精神疾病、老人、身心障礙，都往這個方向在發展。

（6）國內收養問題，未來臺灣的國內收養發展為何？例如對身心障礙兒童的

收養？目前並沒有鼓勵、推廣身心障礙兒少的收養，如果有國人願意收

養身心障礙兒童，但國內收養者所能獲得支持、資源不足，政府是否有

全力推廣、研擬措施來提升身心障礙兒童在國內獲得收養的機會？

衛生福利部社會及家庭署代表：的確我國人對於收養身心障礙孩子是困

難的，我們一直在利用各式各樣宣導來鼓勵國人，增加這些特殊需求孩

子在國內被收養的機會。另外，對於這些收養家庭我們增加家庭支持服

務，包括像照顧身心障礙孩子，給予喘息、補助及相關服務，未來我們

會在法令中強化相關的規定。另外，透過評鑑機制，針對收出養媒合機

構，創造收養及出養的機會。當然最重要的，我們希望讓孩子可以留原

生家庭，盡量協助家庭功能，不得已狀況，才尋找替代性照顧。

2. Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：為何給予公立機構的資金高於私立機構？背後有什

麼原因？是希望私立機構關閉嗎？

衛生福利部社會及家庭署代表：基本上一個孩子不管安置在公立還是私立機

構，這個孩子獲得的服務及補助是一樣的。私立機構也可以向中央政府申請

補助，包括專業人力費用、辦理活動、兒少心理諮商費用等，但並非所有的

私立機構都會來申請補助。

3. Nigel Cantwell 委員：在安置教養機構，身心障礙兒少部分，照顧者對兒少的

比例，根據法律的規定是 1：4，但實務上是 1：2 嗎？這是比規定要好一倍

以上。

衛生福利部社會及家庭署代表：是。因為照顧者採輪班，會多聘人力，以總

數算，無論私立跟公立機構，都會聘比照顧比更多的人力滿足輪班需求，實

務上照顧比是 1：2。

【第七章-身心障礙、基本健康與福利】

1. John Tobin 委員：

（1）貴國國家人權行動計畫第 77 頁有優先事項，但國家人權行動計畫中似乎

沒有特別針對兒少、身心障礙，請問如何將身心障礙兒少的觀點納入該

計畫中？政府是否已經承諾提供資源來執行計畫，特別是身心障礙兒少

教育權的部分。

教育部代表：針對國家人權行動計畫中，似乎對身心障礙兒少沒有特別

著墨進行說明，可能對於身心障礙兒少教育這塊，因教育部已有在推動

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 《特殊教育法》修法，同時也針對 CRPD 所強調融合教育的精神，在研擬

相關推動方案，我想是這個原因，所以在行動計畫沒有特別著墨。

（2）政府是否願意承諾針對 CROVID-19 對兒少的影響，也就是進行兒少權益

影響評估，是否進行相關措施來減緩對兒少的影響？

⚫ 教育部代表：有關 COVID-19 對兒少所造成的影響，其中一塊在於因

防疫關係造成孩子無法到校上課，產生兒童照顧及學習問題，我們有

提供線上教學協助，包含硬體、軟體及通信卡及數位學習指引；對於

學生因疫情使心情受影響，我們也訂定防疫期間通訊輔導諮商處理原

則，使學校輔導人員採取彈性方式關懷輔導學生。

⚫ 衛生福利部社會救助跟社工司代表：有關 COVID-19 對兒少協助，提

供相關經濟協助予受影響家庭，例如部分經濟弱勢家庭餐食不足，特

別提醒地方政府留意食物銀行資源是否穩定，結合村里跟家長會、社

區志工提供食物給有需求的民眾。亦提供 1957 福利諮詢專線，因應

疫情擴大紓困還有防疫補償金相關紓困方案申辦資訊，倘家庭有多重

需求，則通報社會安全網脆弱家庭服務。因家長要照顧生活不能自理

的被隔離或是檢疫者，請假不能從事工作，補助照顧者每人每天

1,000 元的防疫補償，這個對象包括國小或是未滿 12 歲兒童，或就讀

高中身心障礙者，約有 10 萬照顧者獲得協助。

（3）國家人權行動計畫沒有提及健康照護服務，我想請問原因，特別是偏鄉、

原住民族兒少、身心障礙、心理健康問題兒少，目前政府是否願意投入

必要資源解決醫療體系不足之處，特別是針對兒少健康服務不足之處？

衛生福利部中央健康保險署代表：醫療服務沒有在人權計畫裡面，主要

原因是健康保險已是我國強制性社會保險，偏鄉、原住民或兒童等等醫

療服務，健保陸續開辦相關計畫，或透過支付調整方式來保護偏鄉、原

住民或兒童。偏鄉、原住民資源相對較少地區，透過計畫布建，資源，

如透過醫師巡迴醫療、鼓勵醫師在偏鄉或原住民族地區開業等。

（4）有關兒少心理健康，臺灣其實有大量的心理健康資源，但似乎並沒有針

對兒少充分提供，譬如有些兒童自殘，但只有三分之一有接受過心理諮

商跟輔導，政府做了哪些措施確定心理衛生服務以適當方式提供給兒少？

兒少自殺率偏高，人權行動計畫在第 18 頁已提到是優先處理事項，我想

請問要怎麼做？政府是否願意承諾投入必要財務、人力資源，研究了解

兒少為何自殺、自殘？

⚫ 教育部代表：兒少自殺原因部分，因素多元，包括精神疾患問題、家

庭原因、課業壓力等等，目前國內已整合教育部跟衛福部資源提供輔

導，尤其是在自殺防治部分，修訂自殺防治三年工作計畫，結合生命

教育推動，強化學生保護因子，減少自殺事件發生。

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 ⚫ 衛生福利部心理健康司代表：教育部已提到兒少心理健康及自殺防

治，我們主要就是跟教育部合作，心理健康司持續布建心理衛生資

源，如何確保兒少使用這些資源，我們有 1925 專線，未來希望增加

線上文字協談。社區心理衛生中心布建，以 33 萬人口來布建一處心

理衛生中心，配置心理衛生專業人員，提供可近性，另外請各地方政

府積極布建免費或者較優惠的心理諮商服務據點，目前已有 381 處，

也請衛生局跟轄內學校建立合作窗口，將資源提供給教育單位運用。

自殺原因分析部分，針對自殺通報資料及自殺死亡資料進行人口變

項，譬如說性別、年齡、自殺原因、自殺方式等等分析，未來將串聯

相關系統，特別是教育部相關中輟系統等，希望能掌握孩子自殺原因

或風險因子。

（5）肥胖問題，有 3 成肥胖兒少，目前先導計畫是否會再擴大措施，來解決兒

少肥胖議題？

⚫ 教育部代表：兒少肥胖部分，透過各教育階段定期為學生健康檢查，

追蹤學生合理身高、體重，以健康促進計畫強化學生合理體位，尤其

提供多一點的體能活動跟課程，讓體重過重學生能夠控制在合理範

圍。

⚫ 衛生福利部國民健康署代表：肥胖防治部分，2018 年本署出版一個臺

灣肥胖防治策略，以生命歷程來看肥胖防治因應方式，從運動、飲食

跟適能，Health literacy 的改變來做促進。2021 年出版兒童肥胖指引，

透過醫療院所跟學校端進行有系統的兒童防治控制。本署跟教育部持

續從幼兒園開始，透過健康促進，將孩童體位管理納入，除教育部提

到運動部分外，飲食也是重點，營養午餐還有含糖飲料不入校園等

等，建立小朋友從小肥胖、體位控制能力。

（6）跨性別兒少，人權行動計畫第 92 頁承諾要支持跨性別族群，但沒有提到

跨性別兒少，政府是否有意識到兒少也需要相關的醫療服務？不見得是

手術，但可能有服用藥物方式抑制原本性徵發展等。

（未有答復）

（7）墮胎議題，少女可進行人工引產，是否仍需要父母同意？在監護人或父

母不同意的情況下，她是否可以取得人工流產服務？

衛生福利部國民健康署代表：依《優生保健法》規定，未成年者需要由

法定代理人同意執行才能夠流產，不過為因應提升青少年身體自主權，

正研議修法。

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 Meeting Minutes

【Chapter 5 Protection of Children from Violence】

1. Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic:

（1）What are the definitions of neglect and abuse? Although the law has provided a

clear definition, when compared with the CRC, for instance, General Comment

No. 8, and the United Nations Child Violence Survey Report, which involves

violence in different fields, including society, schools, education systems,

education, government agencies, family environments and the workplace, are

there relevant explanations to define violence against children in informal fields?

When violence occurred in informal education settings such as in student clubs,

sports activities or game rooms, will these incidents be addressed? Was it

reported? Do you conduct inspections on a regular basis? Have you conducted

analyses regarding the causes of violence? How many cases were reported and

how many cases were not reported? How do you get hold of such information?

Ministry of Health and Welfare（Department of Protective Services）: Article

49 of the Protection of Children and Youth Welfare and Rights Act stipulates that

anyone in various fields, including parents, teachers, and caregivers, are not

allowed to engage in the following behaviors against children, which are

generally termed physical and mental abuse. In accordance with the spirit of the

CRC, such abuse includes physical abuse, emotional violence, sexual violence,

sexual assault, mistreatment, and neglect of care. In 2021, we redefined the

definitions of physical and mental abuse to include the essence of CRC and to

send a message to people working with children that there is no such thing as

“repetitive” or “long-term”. As long as there is physical and mental abuse,

whether it is corporal punishment or neglect of care, it is considered physical

and mental abuse.

（2）Do you think it’s common for perpetrators of child and youth sexual assault to

get away with it?

（No response）

（3）How do you protect children who are victims of crime or witnesses of crime?

Taiwan has a complete coordination mechanism and cooperation mechanism for

early intervention of major child abuse. I would like to know how well this

mechanism works.

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 ⚫ Ministry of Health and Welfare（Department of Protective Services）:

Regarding judicial early intervention, there are currently 22 county and city

child protection networks across the country, including police, social

workers, prosecutors, and even hospital doctors. People from these fields

have set up a Line group as a means to ask for assessment when an incident

of child mistreatment occurs. The job of the physicians in the Line group is

to assess the injuries and notify social workers and police if the victim was

abused. The police would constrain the perpetrators; the prosecutors would

initiate criminal investigations; social workers would provide victim

protection, including trauma therapy, shelter, and safety plans. The above-

mentioned safety nets have been specific and practical.

⚫ Ministry of Justice（Department of Prosecutorial Affairs）: I’d like to

explain the role of prosecutors and police in the early intervention of major

child abuse incidents. The local prosecutor’s office has prosecutors

specializing in women and children protection taking shifts investigating

domestic violence, sexual assault, sexual harassment, and other related cases.

For example, if a doctor suspects a child has severe abuse, through the

reporting procedures, the competent authority of the local government will

be informed and the police will start collecting information. The police will

report to the prosecutor on duty who will initiate the criminal investigation,

contact the hospital and collect evidence from the medical inspection.

（4）When victims of crime or witnesses of a crime stay at a children’s home,

physicians, psychologists, prosecutors, and judges can visit the children’s home

to interview the children, so children do not need to undergo numerous

procedures, meeting so many people （e.g. police, prosecutors, medical staff,

perpetrators, etc.）. Many countries have adopted this approach to question and

interview the children at specific locations, will Taiwan consider using the same

approach?

⚫ Ministry of Health and Welfare（Department of Protective Services）:

Taiwan provides the so-called one-stop service. When a child was abused, a

social worker would accompany him/her to the hospital for a medical

examination. At the hospital, the police and the prosecutor will be contacted.

While the hospital examines the child and collects evidence, the police and

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 the prosecutor will take the statement and questions in the hospital’s

inspection room. This is our special protection measure. Meanwhile, during

the entire judicial process, the social worker will accompany the child during

the whole process and voice opinions when necessary. In addition, when a

child under the age of 12 was sexually assaulted, he/she may be easily misled

and forget something when he/she was asked. Asking many questions

repetitively may lead to second trauma, so we work to reduce the procedures.

During the inquiry phase, a professional consultant will assist the police, the

prosecutor and the judge to ask the child what happened.

⚫ Ministry of Justice（Department of Prosecutorial Affairs）: In addition to

the one-stop service mentioned by Ministry of Health and Welfare, when the

prosecutors need to ask children more questions in some cases, the district

prosecutors’ office has a warm and fragrant counseling room that is different

from the regular investigation room. The room is decorated to look like a

living room with toys or dolls lying around. When the prosecutors and the

children are seated, they would be of the same height, so the children can be

more relaxed.

⚫ Ministry of Education: For students witnessing domestic violence, the

domestic violence prevention and control center of local governments will

issue a notification to the student’s school after receiving a reported case.

Upon receiving the notification, the school will immediately hold a case

meeting, inviting the student’s homeroom teacher and school counselor to

discuss the situation. During the discussion, we will stress the following

principles: confidentiality; avoiding labeling victims; protecting the child’s

privacy and dignity; suitable attention for the child; helping the child

enhance positive interpersonal relationships with peers and teachers;

checking if the child’s academic performance remains stable; assessing the

severity and counseling strategies needed for the trauma the child

encountered. Within one month after the case meeting, the school is required

to report to the domestic violence prevention and control center about the

current status. If the victim is seriously traumatized, the school will also refer

the student to the counseling center in the county or city for counseling by

professional counselors.

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（5）If no children’s house helps the placement of child victims, how can we help

them recover and return to the society? Have you conducted any review on the

outcomes of assisting children to make a recovery in the past five to 10 years?

Ministry of Health and Welfare（Department of Protective Services）: On the

issue of reintegrating into society, if the full assessment from social workers

determines that a child suffering from severe child abuse needs protective

placement, the child will be sent to protective placement. As soon as the child is

placed in the placement, social workers will start planning for the child to return

home or become independent. Trauma therapy provided in the placement helps

to stabilize the child’s life. Efforts will be made to improve the situation of the

child’s original family. If the situation of the family has improved, attempts can

be made to start a progressive process for the child to return or visit the family

regularly. If the family is still dysfunctional after one or two years of effort and

is still unsuitable for the child to return home, a long-term counseling plan will

be made for the child. The plan includes conversations with the child about

where they want to go next; does the child prefer to stay in the placement or

return to the community to live independently? Or, considering the child’s best

interests, an application will be submitted to suspend parental rights or change

the child’s guardian. If after conversations, a child prefers to live independently,

social workers in charge of independence plans will provide assistance,

including life assistance, meeting a child’s medical needs, residential needs,

education needs, and other needs to help the child adapt to the new life. Although

no empirical studies have been conducted, as far as I know, we have heard from

a child who went through the independence plan. His feedback to the social

workers was that he has been nourished by the plan and thus chose to study social

work in college, and works as a social worker after graduation.

（6）Regarding the hotline, the word “future” is used in the report. I want to know

more about this. It seems that the hotline serves up to 45000 people. How long

has the hotline service lasted? What are the impacts of providing the hotline?

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group : We meant

that “the hot line will distribute”, not “will”. We will change the wording to “has

to”.

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2. Jakob Egbert Doek:

（1）Family violence may include sexual, physical or mental violence. If we already

know who the perpetrator is, is it possible to remove the perpetrator from the

home?

⚫ Ministry of Health and Welfare（Department of Protective Services）:

Sexual violence at home, according to our laws, is regarded as sexual assault

and a form of domestic violence. Provisions for crime investigation and

prevention under the Criminal Code are applicable and a civil protection

order can be issued to remove the perpetrator from the home. In 2021, there

are 7,787 cases of sexual assaults in Taiwan. 63% of the victims are minors

under 18. 13% of the cases happened at home, and 15% of victims of sexual

assaults at home were removed from their homes and placed in shelters. In

other words, 85% of the victims stayed at home, and among them, 8% filed

for civil protection orders. When social workers decide if a child is to leave

the home or stay at home, they will assess the situation with assessment

criteria; for instance, if the family has misconceptions about sexual assault.

Many families may believe that the child has lied, so it may not be in the best

interest of the child to remove the perpetrator. Secondly, such families may

have multiple problems, including power and control relationships; intimate

violence against his/her partner; or the mother may not be able to protect

herself. In such cases, it is better to send the child away. In addition, social

workers will assess the family protective factors. If there are enough

protective factors, a safety plan will be formulated for the child victim or

social workers will file for a civil protection order to remove the perpetrator

and keep the child home. About 85% of the cases will choose this approach.

⚫ Ministry of Justice（Department of Prosecutorial Affairs）: Regarding the

question of removing the perpetrator from home, as mentioned by

Chairperson Doek, after the procedures of judicial early intervention are

initiated and if the evidence is sufficient and elements of a crime are

identified, the prosecutor will make a detention application to the court. At

present, if a major sexual abuse case is discovered, the prosecutor on duty

will immediately initiate the criminal investigation.

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（2）In many cases, children suffering from sexual violence at home would not report

it to the police. It is possible that by the time a child is willing to reveal his/her

identity as a victim, the statute of limitation has run out. Have you considered

revising the statute of limitations for these types of crimes? Or have you

considered canceling the statute of limitations on other violent crimes with the

statute of limitations?

Ministry of Justice（Department of Prosecutorial Affairs）: Regarding the

statute of limitation, we have ongoing discussions on this issue after the

occurrence of some cases in Taiwan. As far as I know, some legislators have

proposed amendments after referring to laws of other countries.

（3）Are there provisions for mandatory reporting, not just for professionals, and also

for the general public?

Ministry of Health and Welfare（Department of Protective Services）: In terms

of reporting, Taiwan’s laws stipulate mandatory reporting. Article 53 of the

Protection of Children and Youths Welfare and Rights Act stipulates that medical

personnel, social workers, educational personnel, day care personnel, preschool

educators, police, judicial personnel, immigration personnel, household

registration personnel, village officers on duty who identify any children

maltreatment and abuse shall report it to the competent authorities within 24

hours. In terms of reporting by the general public, in addition to the mandatory

reporting of professionals, anyone including the child itself who knows any signs

of child maltreatment can report it. According to the law, the identity of the

informant and the child victim is to be kept confidential. Any person, media, or

online resources revealing the child victim’s identity would receive penalties.

People can dial 113, a 24/7 hotline with dedicated staff on duty. They would be

responsible to refer the cases to corresponding cities and counties.

（4）Is the hotline solely used to report violence against children? Is it available for

anyone facing all forms of violence? Does that mean that the dedicated staff

needs to acquire different domain knowledge and they need to come from

different backgrounds and have different professional expertise? For instance,

the report of someone losing a child or a parent due to traffic accidents, and the

report of a child suicide by parents would require different support from different

professionals.

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 Ministry of Health and Welfare（Department of Protective Services）: When

113 was first established as a one-stop contact, it focused on three types of

service: Child Protection, Domestic Violence, and Sexual Assault. Today, we

have added gender-based violence enabled by digital technology, sex crimes and

any violations of the rights of women and children. Apart from reporting services,

113 also provides counseling. In other words, you can call 113 if you are not sure

where to seek help.

（5） Have you considered making laws prohibiting corporal punishment from parents?

Ministry of Health and Welfare（Department of Protective Services）: In

Taiwan, a great deal of time was spent discussing child abuse issues with parents.

We encourage parents to adopt affirmative discipline, a positive way of teaching,

and to avoid exercising parental rights via beating, scolding, or negative

disciplinary actions. We work to promote the concept of positive parenting. For

victims of child abuse, we are promoting trauma-informed care to understand

victims’ traumatized reactions and behaviors and accept their emotions.

3. Jakob Egbert Doek: As a continuation of the earlier example of a child returning

home, if a woman was sexually assaulted by a family member at five, and she was

finally willing to talk about the sexual assault that happened 20 years ago when she

finished college study. Now we will again face the problem of the statute of

limitation. The woman reported this old case to the police, and the police told her:

“I am sorry, but we can not prosecute the perpetrator” because for such a case, the

crime has to be reported within 15 years after it happened. What should we do then?

Are you going to change the statute of limitations? Or are you going to cancel the

statute of limitations on all crimes related to sexual violence and other violence?

Will you do that? That is my question.

Ministry of Justice（Department of Prosecutorial Affairs）: Earlier, we had briefly

talked about this issue. Recently, similar cases occurred in Taiwan, and so some

legislators in the Legislative Yuan have proposed to amend our laws using German

laws as references. Ministry of Justice is still discussing the amendment because we

have to review all sex crimes, which include the Criminal Code, the penalties in the

Child and Youth Sexual Exploitation Prevention Act, and the Sexual Harassment

Prevention Act.

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【Chapter 6 Family Environment and Alternative Care】

1. Nigel Cantwell:

（1）Developing family-based alternative care should be the priority of alternative

care policies. What are the current obstacles or constraints on enhancing the

prevalence of kinship care and foster care? Is it because the general public is

reluctant to provide foster care? Or is it because of inadequate funding or lack of

other supports?

Ministry of Health and Welfare（Social and Family Affairs Administration）:

To be in line with the UN Guideline, the government established a task force in

2019 that consists of representatives from local governments, academics and

experts, and NGOs. After multiple discussions, negotiations, and consultations,

we officially completed the drafting of our Policy for the Alternative Care of

Children in 2021. The Policy has been passed by the Child Right Group. As we

were formulating the policy, we reviewed the current situation and policies and

we found that more than half of the children under out-of-home care （OOHC）

were placed in placement institutions because they did not have enough support

and resources to receive kinship care. In addition, relatives may not be familiar

with their roles as caregivers and worry that taking the child in would affect their

own family life. What’s more, such relatives tend to be seniors, unable to look

after children. Poor financial conditions are another concern. Therefore, the

percentage of children receiving kinship care is lower. Regarding foster care,

with multiple problems such as children’s behaviors, physical and mental

conditions, and disorders 70 to 80% of the parents in foster family are over 50,

who are relatively unable to meet the needs of children’s development. （Please

refer to the response to Question （3） regarding how to enhance kinship care

and foster care.）

（2）Regarding alternative care for children with disabilities, according to the latest

information, it is difficult for those children to find family-based care, and the

ratio of domestic adoption is extraordinarily low. Most children were adopted

abroad. What more can the government do to help children with disabilities find

family-based alternative care?

（Please refer to the response to Question （6）regarding adoption and the

response to Question （3）for family-based alternative care.）

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（3）Internationally, if children cannot receive kinship care or foster care, care from

small group homes would be utilized before sending children to large residential

institutions. The approach in Taiwan is the other way around. This surprises me.

⚫ Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group: We agree

that kinship care and foster family should be prioritized, followed by small

group homes. That is the approach we are working on, but we also need to

admit that we face difficulties. Historically, institutional care facilities for

people with disabilities in Taiwan were built by foreign missionaries who

provided quality care. Private institutions thus follow their examples.

Perhaps under such circumstances, we are not very motivated to cultivate

foster care and kinship care. I am not sure if there are causal relationships.

However, we did notice the international trends of family-based care and we

should make resources available to encourage the development of family-

based care.

⚫ Ministry of Health and Welfare（Social and Family Affairs

Administration）: Group home has yet to become a statutory form of care,

which is why it is not prioritized before institutional care. The pilot plan was

first launched in 2010 to subsidize NGOs to set up group homes. However,

with no legal basis and high operational costs, local governments did not

actively allocate budgets to support group homes. In addition, it is difficult

for NGOs to build group homes for children with special needs without the

support of professional manpower and proper premises. Hence, the current

number of group homes is insufficient for now, and thus most children in

OOHC stay in institutions. To address this problem, we have set up a goal

to prioritize the development of the best option--family-based alternative

care. We are working on adding more options for alternative care by

providing more support to kinship care with placement fees for kinship care

（similar to foster care）. We also offer systemic education and training to

relatives. Regarding accessibility, we provide necessary consultations

tailored to the needs of the children. We also hope to establish support

groups for caregivers to exchange experiences. To improve the capacity of

foster care, we are revising the benchmark of foster services, such as raising

the cap of caregivers age to 65, qualified caregivers can continue to provide

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 foster care; provide respite services to foster families; provide diversified

services for foster families who take care of children with special needs. We

will encourage local governments to set up group homes; revise the

Protection of Children and Youths Welfare and Rights Act and its

enforcement rules to promote the establishment of group homes; encourage

local governments to expand the number of group homes by providing

NGOs with social housing and resources. Here I would like to clarify that

when placing children in alternative care, local governments should abide

by the following order: The first priority is given to proper kinship care; the

second is significant others of the child; the third is foster family; the fourth

is placement facilities. If group-home care becomes a statutory form of care,

it would be prioritized before placement facilities.

（4）The next question is about the quality of private institutions. It seems that private

institutions tend to get poorer evaluations. Why? What are the causes? All public

institutions get straight A or excellent. Is it because the government is in charge

of monitoring? Or is it because services from private institutions is of poor

quality? If private institutions provide poor service, but there are a lot of private

institutions, does it mean that the licensing procedures are not rigorous enough?

Or there is a lack of supervision? How does the government improve the

situation? By providing resources to private institutions? How do private

institutions find resources and funding? If a private institution does not have

enough funding and the working environment is poor, it will not be able to retain

qualified staff, so the quality of service would certainly decline. If the

government provides 50% of the funding for private facilities, how do you ensure

good quality of alternative care according to Article 20 of the Convention?

Ministry of Health and Welfare（Social and Family Affairs Administration）:

Private institutions receive poor evaluation results mainly because their services

are unable to meet the diversified needs of children. It is difficult for children

with special needs, especially children with physical and mental disabilities, to

stay in this kind of residential institution. Secondly, private institutions do not

have enough manpower to meet the actual needs. The laws stipulate that the ratio

of children to caregivers is 4:1. In reality, they have to hire more caregivers

（2:1）, which means children would not receive sufficient care. Apart from

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 that, the placement fees from local governments can only satisfy the basic needs

of the children and the fees cannot reflect the actual cost of care, including the

operational and labor costs. The periodical evaluation or rolling adjustment or

correction cannot be fully implemented as well. Therefore, we have formulated

a strategic action plan. For now, we would work to strengthen the caring capacity

of caregivers; provide appropriate resources to adjust the sizes of placement

institutions to enhance the quality of services. In the future, we will amend the

standards, and stipulate the maximum number of children to be placed in the

same institutions, so institutions can work to provide family-based care to

children.

（5）In terms of deinstitutionalization of care, the residential care system in Taiwan

is basically institutional care. Taiwan seems to have second thoughts on the

deinstitutionalization of care and has not regarded the approach as a necessary

development. I would like to know your thought about the deinstitutionalization

of care in Taiwan. What do competent authorities think about this issue? If there

are questions or doubts, what would they be? If Taiwan hopes to have an

approach that is tailored to Taiwan, what kind of strategies would be adopted to

deinstitutionalize care?

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group: On behalf of

the Executive Yuan, I will address the policies of the deinstitutionalization of

care. I agree with you and we are definitely working toward that direction for

elderly care, care for people with disabilities, and people with mental disorders.

（6）Regarding domestic adoption, what is the future of domestic adoption in Taiwan?

For instance, the adoption of children with disabilities? At present, Taiwan does

not seem to encourage or promote the adoption of children with disabilities. If

someone in Taiwan is willing to adopt children with disabilities, but there are

insufficient support and resources, will the government work actively to promote

and establish measures, so children with disabilities can also be adopted in

Taiwan?

Ministry of Health and Welfare（Social and Family Affairs Administration）:

Indeed, adopting children with disabilities for people in Taiwan is a difficult

decision. We have tried to promote the idea with various campaigns to increase

the chance of children with special needs being adopted in Taiwan. In addition,

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 we have increased our family support services for families who adopt children

with special needs, such as respite services, subsidies, and other services. In the

future, we will work to strengthen relevant regulations. Additionally, by

conducting evaluations of matching agencies, we also hope to increase the

possibilities of adoption. Most importantly, we hope the child can stay in his/her

original family. Alternative care is the last resort.

2. Jakob Egbert Doek: Why is it that your funding for public institutions is higher than

for private institutions? Do you want to close these private institutions?

Ministry of Health and Welfare（Social and Family Affairs Administration）: In

general, children receive the same services and subsidies and it does not matter

whether they are placed in a public or a private institution. Private institutions can

also apply for subsidies from the central government. Ranges of subsidies include

costs of the professional workforce, activities, counseling for children and youth,

and so forth. However, not all private institutions apply for such subsidies.

3. Nigel Cantwell: In residential facilities, particularly for children with disabilities, the

laws stipulate that the caregiver-to-child ratio is 1 to 4, but it is 1 to 2 in practice. Is

that right? That means it is twice as good as the rules.

Ministry of Health and Welfare（Social and Family Affairs Administration）: That is

correct. Caregivers need to take shifts, so the actual number of caregivers is higher.

Both public and private institutions hire more caregivers to make sure that there is

sufficient manpower to work different shifts. In practice, the staff-to-child ratio is 1 to

2.

【Chapter 7 Disability, Basic Health, And Welfare】

1. John Tobin:

（1）In your National Human Rights Action Plan, on page 77, there are some priority

areas, but it does not mention children and people with disabilities. How will

you go about incorporating the views of children with disabilities into your

action plan? Has the government committed to allocating resources to realize the

action plan, particularly for “the right to education” for children with disabilities?

Ministry of Education: The National Human Rights Action Plan does not

specifically elaborate on the rights of children with disabilities because Ministry

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 of Education has been pushing for the amendment to the Special Education Act

and discussion on how to initiate relative programs that embody the spirit of

inclusive education stressed by CRPD. I believe that is probably the reason why

the Action Plan does not specifically talk about that.

（2）Is there any commitment to undertake a review of the impact of COVID-19 on

children’s rights? Is the government willing to adopt related measures to

minimize its impact on children?

⚫ Ministry of Education: Regarding the impact of COVID-19 on children and

youth, one of which is that children are unable to attend classes due to

epidemic prevention measures; consequently, problems of child care and

learning arise. We have provided assistance to distance learning, including

hardware, software, network interface cards, and guides to digital learning.

Regarding the psychological status of students during the pandemic, we

have also established guidelines to provide tele-counseling during the

pandemic so counselors in school can adopt flexible approaches to look after

them.

⚫ Ministry of Health and Welfare（Department of Social Assistance and

Social Work）: Regarding the assistance for children and youth during the

pandemic, related financial support has been provided to affected families.

For instance, some economically vulnerable families do not have enough

food, so local governments are advised to keep resources in food banks

sustainable. Collaborating with villages, parents’ associations and

volunteers in communities, food can be provided to citizens in need. A hotel

for welfare consulting, 1957, has been established to inform the public about

how to apply for emergency relief that has been expanded because of the

pandemic and compensations for epidemic prevention measures. If families

have multiple needs, the social safety net will be notified to provide

vulnerable families with support. For parents who have to take time off work

to care for people unable to look after themselves under quarantine or

isolation, the subsidy provides each caregiver with 1,000 NTD

reimbursement for epidemic prevention per person per day. Approximately,

100,000 caregivers have received the above-mentioned assistance to care for

elementary school students, children under 12, or senior high school

students with disabilities.

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（3）Health care is not mentioned in the National Human Rights Action Plan. I am

curious to know why that is the case. In rural communities and among

indigenous children, children with disabilities, and children with mental

disorders, is the government willing to allocate necessary resources to address

the issue of insufficient access to health care, particularly insufficient health care

for children?

Ministry of Health and Welfare（National Health Insurance Administration）:

The main reason that healthcare services are not included in National Human

Rights Action Plan is that National Health Insurance is obligatory for everyone

in Taiwan as social insurance. For healthcare services in remote areas, for

indigenous people and children, National Health Insurance Administration has

been adopting various plans, such as adjusting payments. In remote areas,

indigenous tribes, and places with relatively fewer resources, we will allocate

resources to support measures like mobile health care and incentives for doctors

to open clinics in remote areas or indigenous tribes.

（4）Regarding the mental health of children and youth, Taiwan has abundant mental

health resources, but such resources aren’t always sufficiently provided to

children. For example, among children who have hurt themselves, only one-third

of them had received counseling. What measures are in place to ensure that

mental health services are made available to children and youth? The suicide rate

among children and youth remains high. The Human Rights Action Plan says on

page 18 that it should be prioritized. How and again is there a commitment from

the government to allocate necessary resources and financial resources to

understand why children are taking their lives and presumably also causing self-

harm?

⚫ Ministry of Education: There are many factors that trigger children and

youth to commit suicide, including mental diseases, family problems,

academic pressure, and so forth. Currently, we have integrated resources

from both Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health and Welfare to offer

counseling services. Particularly for suicide prevention, we have revised the

three-year work plan for suicide prevention, to promote life education,

strengthen the protective factors of students, and reduce the number of

suicides.

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 ⚫ Ministry of Health and Welfare（Department of Mental Health）: Ministry

of Education has also talked about the mental health care of children and

youth as well as suicide prevention. Ministry of Health and Welfare

collaborates with Ministry of Education. Department of Mental Health has

been allocating resources to promote mental health. To ensure that children

and youth know how to access these resources, we have set up a hotline:

1925. In the future, we hope to introduce an online chat service. Regarding

community mental hygiene centers, we hope to establish one center per

330,000 people. Each center will be equipped with mental hygiene

specialists to enhance accessibility. On the other hand, local governments

are advised to proactively build counseling centers with consultation

services free of charge or at an affordable price. Currently, there are 381

counseling centers. Bureaus of health in local governments are advised to

establish contacts with schools and offer resources at the disposal of

educational units. For the analysis of suicidal reasons, data in the suicide

reporting system and data on suicide death are being analyzed with

demographic variables, such as gender, age, reasons to commit suicide,

suicide methods, and so forth. In the future, we hope to connect related

systems altogether, particularly with the student dropout system of Ministry

of Education, hoping to understand risk factors and children’s reasons to

commit suicide.

（5）Regarding the issue of obesity, 30% of children and youth are deemed obese. Do

you plan to expand the measures in the pilot program to address childhood

obesity and overweight?

⚫ Ministry of Education: To deal with children and youth obesity, Ministry of

Education has stipulated that all students are to undertake medical checkups

regularly at each educational stage to keep track of their height and weight.

Health-promoting school program aims to help students build reasonable

physiques and, most importantly, we will work to offer more physical

activities and courses so that overweight students can control their body

weight within a reasonable range.

⚫ Ministry of Health and Welfare（Health Promotion Administration）:

Regarding obesity prevention and control, the Administration published

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 Taiwan’s Obesity Prevention and Management Strategy in 2018, discussing

strategies to combat obesity from the perspective of the life course. With

appropriate exercises, diets, fitness training, and health literacy, we can

bring change. In 2021, Evidences-based Guideline on Children Obesity

Prevention and Management has been published to help hospitals, clinics

and schools to systematically prevent and control child obesity. Starting

from preschools, the Administration and Ministry of Education have set up

health-promoting programs to help children manage their physique. Aside

from exercises mentioned by Ministry of Education, we have also paid

attention to children’s diets. For instance, providing children with health

lunches; banning sugary drinks on campus are measures implemented to

help prevent child obesity.

（6）Regarding transgender youth, on page 92 of the National Human Rights Action

Plan, it is stated that the government is committed to supporting transgender

people, but transgender youth is not mentioned. Is the government aware that the

youth may need to seek medical services related to transgender? Such medical

services do not necessarily mean surgical interventions. It can be medications to

repress the development of the original sexual characteristics.

（No response）

（7）The last issue is about abortion. Can a teenage girl decide to terminate her

pregnancy without parental consent? In circumstances where her parents or legal

guardian disagree, can she have access to abortion?

Ministry of Health and Welfare（Health Promotion Administration）:

According to the Genetic Health Act, a minor need to obtain the consent of his

or her statutory agent to proceed with the abortion. However, in response to

people’s awareness to respect the physical autonomy of teenagers, amendments

to the Act are under discussion.

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 逐字稿紀錄

司儀：（會前提醒）

各位貴賓午安，稍後會議再兩分鐘後開始，各位貴賓可以入座，謝謝。

司儀：

2022 兒童權利公約第二次國家報告國際審查會議，下午場的會議即將開始，下

午場會接續上午場一些未完成的問題，那之後我們接下來的審查範圍是第五章

到第七章，這邊再次跟各位說明一下，本場會議是採統問統答的方式進行，請

各個機關代表在答覆前請先舉手，兩側跟後方的工作人員會遞上麥克風給您，

那請留意麥克風打開之後停個 3 秒就會有聲音，會議全程會提供中英文的口譯，

為使口譯人員能夠清楚的收聽我們發言的內容，也請各位發言的代表協助注意

發言的語速，謝謝。下午會由政府機關代表團召集人林萬億政委、副團長法務

部的蔡碧仲次長、以及教育部的蔡清華次長為我們一起進行下午的會議，接下

來會議就交給我們的主席。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

歡迎各位回來，今天下午正如剛剛司儀宣布，我們會著重在第五到第七章，不

過一開始要先回到 Cantwell 教授上午最後提出的幾個問題，也就是兒少的身分，

特別是精卵受孕、代理孕母的狀況下，以及政府的一些作法，那麼我們請政府

的代表回應上午最後的幾個問題。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

謝謝，請內政部先回答。

內政部代表：

針對上午結束前有詢問到兩個問題，我分別做說明，首先針對無國籍兒少的身

分的問題，非本國籍兒少不等於無國籍的兒少，如果說他的父母具有外國國

籍，那當然他就具有該國的身分，其次對於所謂的非本國籍，無國籍兒少，實

務上這一些兒童、少年，他基本上就是經由地方政府所照顧，因為基於身分沒

有辦法認定，所以實務上會請內政部協尋，協尋他的媽媽或者生父或生母，協

尋不到，內政部會協助幫他認定為無國籍人，早上也有報告過，認定為無國籍

人之後，如果經過我們的國人收養，那國人的父母就可以幫他做歸化，如果是

沒有被收養的無國籍兒少，那社會福利主管機關就會基於兒少的最佳利益，幫

他申請歸化為我國的國民。第二個問題是對於所謂代孕所生子女的身分，內政

部的戶政機關是做一個登記的機關，是基於相關的法律關係，以及相關的事實

做一個登記的程序，且國籍與戶籍是兩個不同的概念，首先只要是父母雙方有

任一方是國人的話，這個小孩就具有我們的國籍，有國籍之後才能夠去做戶籍

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 的登記，在戶籍登記上，國人在國內所生的小孩，可以直接去出生登記，如果

國人不是在臺灣生，在國外生的小孩，我們在戶籍上不稱做出生登記，它叫做

初設戶籍登記，程序上是他入境臺灣之後，必須要取得一個定居的許可，才能

再到戶政機關去做登記，所以程序上是有不同的，那剛剛提到如果國人在海外

透過代孕去生下了一個小孩，現在實務上，因為臺灣不承認代孕是合法的，但

是對於國人在海外發生的這個事實，如果這個國人生下這個小孩之後，有經過

國外的法院對其身分的一個認定判決，譬如認定這個國人就是這個小孩的父

親、母親，那我們就會依照民眾提供的國外判決做身分的認定，那就是循著剛

剛講的定居，入境定居，然後再設戶籍的程序來辦理身分認定，那如果沒有法

院的判決，當事人可以憑那個國家的相關行政機關，依照法律所開具的文件認

定他的身分，這個方式我們也是可以認定的，再補充，剛剛有提到國內有沒有

可能發生透過非法的代孕在臺灣出生？因為我們的出生登記是依據醫院開立的

出生證明，出生證明上面會認定這個小孩的父親或母親是誰，戶政機關就會依

據這樣的一個文件做登記，那以上做補充，謝謝。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

請問衛福部有沒有要補充？來，國健署，請。

衛生福利部國民健康署代表：

衛福部國民健康署補充，依照《人工生殖法》的規定，目前是沒有開放國內代

孕，法規還在進行相關的修正當中，有列入研議跟討論，那主要是會涉及到代

孕者的身分問題，還有跟法務部《民法》親屬編相關的跟自然生產有不一樣的

地方，目前正在進行修法當中，以上。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

法務部有沒有意見？

法務部代表：

法務部配合國健署進行法制作業的部分，提供法制作業的意見，會尊重國健署

跟學者專家研議的結果，還有最後政府採行的政策，那我們主要是負責法制作

業的部分，以上補充。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

謝謝以上三個單位的補充，謝謝。

Nigel Cantwell 委員：

謝謝，謝謝各位提供詳細的資訊，那麼為了確保我們雙方理解無誤，有一些孩

子如果確實是無國籍的話，當然不是說有外國人的孩子都是無國籍，但如果確

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 實有一個孩子是無國籍，那麼內政部還有地方政府會協助，「會」協助而不是

「得」協助對嗎？是他們「會」協助，這是一個很大的重點。至於代理孕母會

有不一樣的程序，這個要是這一個代理孕母的孩子是來到臺灣的時候，是不是

由他的父母帶進來，或者是透過一些其他的方法送到臺灣，那麼會有不一樣的

登記程序等等，但是我們想要了解的重點是，這一個孩子他可以是在不受歧視

的狀況下，受到 CRC 所保障的權利的保護，對嗎？就是說這個方面是沒有歧視

的，透過代理孕母生下的兒少，在這個方面不受到歧視，對嗎？這一點非常重

要，因為有些國家代理孕母並不合法，當然這本身不是問題，問題或者是說潛

在的問題在於代理孕母生下的孩子，他的身分該怎麼樣認定，這個才是真正的

重點所在，我的問題也問到了精卵捐贈受孕生下的孩子，他們怎麼樣取得自己

身世相關的資料，這個部分好像稍早還沒有回應到？他們的親等關聯資料證明

之核發是有條件的，也就是說他們要去結婚，收養或被收養時才可以申請核

發，不曉得就這一點政府代表是否有所回應？因為這一點也很重要，那這個狀

況跟代理孕母很不同，不過依然很重要，特別是精卵捐贈受孕之兒少數目正在

增加當中，他們也越來越在乎是否可以取得自己身世的資料，而不需要其他條

件的規範，也就是說不一定要等到要結婚、要收養或被收養時才能申請親等關

聯資料，所以就精卵捐贈受孕之兒少如何取得這類關於自己身世的資料，親等

關聯資料，是不是也有其他的回應呢？

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

請內政部再確定的說明，第一點是「應」？第二點再補充一下。

內政部代表：

針對第一點部分，就是地方政府跟內政部會協助無國籍人取得身分，那第二個

部分，因為第二個部分提到不同的代孕的方式，那這個部分原則上不是內政部

的業務的部分，那只是說實務上面我們在每一個人要取得戶籍上的資料的時候，

他必須要有一定的利害關係，這個應該是跟是不是有代孕這個部分其實是沒有

太大的關係，就是說我們只要不管在戶籍上面所掌握的親等關聯資料或者是戶

籍資料，他的取得都必須要具有一定的利害關係，那我是就這個部分來做補充。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

那麼我講得更具體一點，有一對臺灣的夫婦他們希望有孩子，他們譬如說去泰

國，透過合約找當地的一個孕母幫他們生孩子，具體的代孕方式我們先不討

論，重點是孩子生下來了，然後去泰國的法院，根據泰國的法令取得了相關的

出生證明，或者是出生證明、登記辦公室的一個相關的單位，他們認為這一個

孩子的父母，生母是代母的名字，但是他是代理孕母，接下來這一對父母回來

臺灣，希望登記這個孩子是自己的孩子，在本地的出生證明上，或者是戶籍證

明上是他們夫婦的名字，這個時候是不是有法律禁止他們做這樣的登記？

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院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

內政部。

內政部代表：

我再補充一下，針對剛剛說明的這個情況，因為法院認定的母親不是國人的母

親，所以當他拿這個法院的資料回臺灣的時候，他是沒有辦法在臺灣的戶籍上

面登記為這個國人所生的小孩，我們是剛剛報告的是說，他如果依據國外的法

院認定說這個代孕所生的子女他就是國人的父母的時候，那我們可以依據這個

法院的判決認定他的父母就是國人，可是他今天如果法院認定，這個小孩的母

親是代孕所生的那位，就是代孕者的話，那這個部分我們是沒有辦法讓他回來

改成他的媽媽是國人的。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

這一點很重要喔，大部分的國家都有規定，一個孩子的母親就是生下他的這個

女性，但是也有可能我們假定在那個國家，他們可以透過收養的方式，在當地

這個孩子由兩個臺灣人收養了，也有法庭的這個令狀說肯定這樣的收養關係，

那麼這樣的父母就可以在臺灣登記這個孩子是他們的孩子，不管在戶政、戶籍

事務所或者是相關的出生證明可以做這樣的登記，對嗎？

內政部代表：

是的，如果在國外完成收養的程序的話，那我們臺灣是可以認可這樣的一個身

分關係的。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

好，今天結束之後我要好好懲罰這個不配合的麥克風，非常感謝各位提供的答

案，也非常的清楚。接下來我們要討論的，當然都是很重要的議題，但是接下

來可能是比較棘手的議題，那就是保護兒少免受暴力侵害，對孩子的暴力可能

有各種不同的形式發生在不同的地點，在世界各國都是如此，因此如果一廂情

願認定一個國家沒有兒少暴力，這個是不可能的，我想 Vuckovic 教授要先提

問，根據我們接到的這個政府的這個相關的回應要提問。

Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic 委員：

謝謝主席，也謝謝各位所提供的澄清，非常有意思的對話，我們學到很多，也

希望在最後我們的結論性意見，能夠對各位提出有幫助的意見，而在這樣的對

話過程當中，我們也都非常坦誠地分享我們的一些意見跟想法，那麼長話短

說，我想關於保護兒少免受暴力侵害，算是一個比較新的章節，但是其實這個

問題存在已久，而且現在有不同的暴力形式，在這兩天大家也知道，我們在各

位的國家報告當中看到有還蠻多的議題，而我們委員之間也都在討論要問哪些

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問題，因為有太多的議題是在不同的場域發生對兒少的暴力，Laura Lundy 教

授，還有 John Tobin 委員，像 Laura 會談的是在教育當中的暴力，那 John 還會談

的是在健康衛生體系，另外我也會談的是在這個身心障礙兒童遭受的暴力，我

在這邊先談一些基本的議題，那為什麼我們這麼重視這個議題？主要是我們聽

過很多對兒少施暴的情況，包含 NGOs 提出的報告，所以我們知道在臺灣這並不

是最重大的一個問題，但是談到兒少，我想這絕對是兒少最關切的議題之一，

這個也是目前兒少常常受到侵害的權利，當然這不只是在臺灣，我們到不同的

國家去談兒少的保護的時候，兒少最擔心的就是暴力的問題，尤其是一些女

童，所以接下來我就直接針對問題清單的回應來再提出問題，譬如說，我們不

是很清楚疏忽跟虐待的定義，在國家的法令當中的定義是什麼？還有相關的解

釋函令他的定義是什麼？所以我們首先要恭喜貴國，針對這部分好像法令有提

出清楚的定義，但是當把這些定義跟公約的內容做比對，譬如說第 8 號一般性意

見，針對體罰的一般性意見，還有聯合國有做的一份暴力報告，也是針對兒少

暴力的一個調查報告，那當中涉及了不同場域、社區、學校、教育系統、政府

公部門的照顧體系，還有家庭環境內的暴力，當然還有職場，因為也有很多孩

子 18 歲之前其實是有在工作的，所以這樣的暴力很多場域都會看到，所以在家

庭、在替代性照顧體系，我們很高興可以看到關於虐待跟疏忽的定義，但是我

想再了解一下在法律層面，還有在相關的解釋的文件當中，是有怎麼樣的定

義？包括解釋函，除此之外，政府也在這些不同的場域推出了防治暴力的工

作，包括了非正式教育體系的暴力防治，譬如說在社團、運動團隊，或者是遊

戲室，這種非正式的場域裡的兒少所受到的暴力，那這個方面的定義是什麼？

這種非正式教育體系裡面的暴力，你怎麼樣去得知、怎麼樣去處理？這類場域

非正式教育體系的暴力是不是有通報？會不會去做定期的督察？這些非正式的

教育體系？除此之外另外很重要的就是去做教育訓練，包括社工、老師、相關

專業人員的培訓都很好、很重要，但就像今天早上提過的，我們還想更了解，

是不是有針對這些暴力做成因的分析、研究？因為我剛剛提過了，就是目前有

通報的案件，跟我們覺得其實從來沒有獲得通報的案件的比例到底是多少？其

實學校有暴力發生的時候，很多當事者是不願意去通報的，主要是因為他們覺

得身分可能會被暴露，我們有聽到很多這方面的報告，我們知道貴國，也採取

了包括務實的行動，包括了對原住民族的這部分的一些暴力防治，這個也很值

得肯定，還有在數位方面的性暴力、數位暴力，也有做防治，不過不管是在不

同的機構場域所執行的這些措施，相關法律的定義我們要怎麼樣去掌握這些資

訊？也就是說，是不是可能還有些加害者還是逍遙法外，因為沒有人去舉報他

們，針對這部分你們有什麼想法？也就是針對兒少性侵結果能夠逍遙法外的情

況，你們覺得普遍嗎？在很多國家其實這個情況是常見的。最後我想提兩點，

第一個就是犯罪受害者兒少，或者是證人的兒少，目擊犯罪的這些兒少，對他

們的保護措施，在 CRC 公約當中有提到很多針對目睹犯罪的兒少的保護，或者

是犯罪受害兒少的保護，那我想知道貴國這方面的做法，因為現在我們好像把

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 重點過去幾十年都放在這個觸法兒少，確保他們有公平的受審機會，但是有一

些是犯罪的受害兒少，或者是目擊、目睹犯罪的這種兒少其實人數也很多，我

也從資料看到，貴國有成立非常完整的一個協調合作機制，就是重大兒虐司法

早期介入合作程序，這個程序看起來非常的好，所以我想問的是它的落實，不

只是在中央政府有去執行，在地區是不是也有落實？在這部分的協調機制如

何？是不是分不同的階段分頭配合？我想這個制度主要是希望確保目睹犯罪的

兒少能夠獲得適當的保護，有獲得特別的保護；再講到特別保護，今天早上提

過要建立一些特別的方法來做兒少的訪談，像是 Doek 教授說他過去曾經是法

官，會到家裡面直接去訪視兒少，但是在許多國家或許做法不一定是如此，有

些地方叫做兒童之家，他是一個實體的住家，在這個住家當中會有兒少受害人

或者是目睹兒少，會由醫療專業人員或是心理師前去訪談，或者也會有檢警，

或者是會有法官前往這樣子的地方，就是這樣子的一個實體地點，可以大家一

起過去一次、兩次，那就把相關的訪談給做完了，許許多多國家都採用取這樣

的做法，如果你們現在知道了有這種模式的話，會考慮採用這個模式嗎？相較

於兒少必須要上法庭受多次的訪談，一次又一次的面對加害者，相較之下是不

是用剛剛提到的模式比較好呢？因為在這樣子的特定的地點，兒少知道他們是

安全的，不需要經歷一些很可怕的步驟，不需要一下子面對警方、一下子檢

方、一下子要面對醫療人員、一下子要面對加害者。最後我還要問到的是，在

政府針對問題清單的回應當中，有提到了有一個恢復以及復歸社會的程序跟架

構，那麼也提到了恢復，可以從像是兒童之家這樣子的地方開始，但是如果沒

有兒童之家這樣的做法的話，除了目前書面報告當中已經提及的做法之外，政

府還採取了什麼措施協助被害兒童的康復還有重返社會呢？對於一些兒少受害

者或目睹兒少來說，有什麼的特別保護措施協助他們可以消除創傷、重返社會

呢？政府有這些措施的話，有沒有去衡量一下他的效果？有沒有辦法回顧過去 5

年到 10 年，然後說我們協助了這麼多兒少康復，這些兒少過去是性暴力的受害

者或是人口販運，強迫勞動的受害者，而現在他們都已經康復了嗎？最後再講

到申訴的機制，這邊有一個與熱線相關的問題， 或者是一個通報專線的問題，

那麼是有一個號碼可以打，不過從報告看來，好像提到有用「未來」這個字，

有提到說這個專線會做什麼？英文裡面使用了 Will，一個未來式，所以我想知道

這是未來大家期待才會要去做的事情嗎？想要釐清一下這一點，那麼看起來還

有其他的系統，或許是同一個專線，我不太確定，看起來就是有服務了 4 萬

5,000 人次，我想知道說這是多久的期間內呢？那服務了這麼多人之後，他後來

發生的結果是什麼呢？以上是我的問題，謝謝。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

好，針對對兒少的暴力這一塊，Vuckovic 教授已經提到了幾個問題，當然有部分

的資訊提供在國家報告內，有提到暴力會發生在不一樣場域，在學校、在機構

都有可能，家庭也是一個可能的地點，我覺得把父母可以對兒童施加處罰這一

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 點，從法條當中移除是非常好的做法，消除這一個法條，當然不代表家中就再

也沒有暴力，法律對於這一個特定的問題影響有限，不過起碼設置這樣的標準

是一個好的做法，讓父母知道說他們沒有這種在兒少身上造成痛苦的權利，在

家內發生的暴力有可能是性暴力或者是身心上的暴力，我想在全世界大部分的

刑法都規定說，施加攻擊的人犯下了一定的罪刑，那這當中有沒有包含心理上

的暴力呢？就不一定，但是性暴力絕對是在刑法內有所規範的，精神暴力則不

一定，要去回應這樣子的狀況方法之一，就是要讓兒少移到一個安全的地方，

暫時的移到此處，很遺憾，有一些兒少在兒少的期間必須待在機構裡，另外也

可以再澄清的是，是不是把加害人從家中移走也是個可能性呢？如果我們知道

加害者是誰，有足夠的資訊，然後確定這個人他實施了暴力的話，是不是可以

考慮請他離開家裡？在性暴力這一塊特別重要，很多遭受家內性暴力的兒少不

會通報，有時候他們會試著告知學校的教師，然而如果教師沒有受過訓練，沒

有辦法去抓到這些蛛絲馬跡或是兒少提出的訊號，了解兒少在家內遭受暴力的

話，那麼兒少依然沒有辦法從老師這邊獲得他期待的支持，而在這方面的問

題，在報告當中沒有著墨的就是，有法律的追訴時效問題，有一些兒少終於願

意說出，他們是暴力的受害者，可是檢察官已經沒有辦法起訴了，因為已經過

了時效，然後會說：「啊，該 5 年前就通報的」，有沒有考慮要改變，這一類犯罪

的時效限制呢？或者是針對其他也有時效的暴力犯罪，是不是也可以打算取消

時效呢？這樣子一來讓加害者終將一日可以繩之以法，還有強制通報，在第 13

號一般性意見當中，CRC 的委員會建議所有的締約國要建立強制通報的制度，

這一些提供兒少相關服務的人有責任通報，他們的專業上會有兒少接觸的都有

這種通報的責任，有可能是兒少直接告訴他們自己遭受到了暴力，有沒有這種

法律當中的強制通報條款呢？他適用的範圍更廣，不只是專業人員、而是社會

大眾，如果是這樣的話，那下一步的問題就是要向誰通報？還有後續很多其他

的問題，不過我先在此打住，就問到這裡，家內暴力的相關問題，我先提到這

邊，當然，我們看到已經從法律當中移除了允許父母在家中懲戒或處罰兒少的

條款，基本上是禁止父母在家內施以痛苦的處罰，也包含了體罰，那麼如果你

要告訴父母不該體罰的話，當然會受到很多很奇妙的反應，不過我要問的是，

在臺灣的法律裡是否考慮要禁止父母在兒少成長的時候施以這樣的體罰？是不

是有考慮明文訂定這一點呢？我想這個是很敏感的暴力問題，以上是這一輪的

問題，我們 3 點鐘預期有一個休息時間對嗎？好，我剛剛才發現，原來在我們議

程當中 3 點到這個 3 點 20 分好像有休息時間，那接下來我們請政府代表回應。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

謝謝，先請保護司，大部分問題都是保護司，等一下目睹請教育部，然後接著

法務部到機構，或是到家訪視以及追訴期問題，好，謝謝，來，請。

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衛生福利部保護服務司代表：

謝謝主席跟提問的委員，提到這個暴力的形式還有非常多場域都會發生暴力，

的確，在台灣我們在《兒童及少年福利權益保障法》就有明文規定，第 49 條，

任何人就包括各種場域的任何人，包含家內的父母親、包括學校的老師、包括

在機構裡頭的照顧者，這都是任何人，不能對兒童少年有這個任何的下列的行

為，其中一個最大的一個就叫身心虐待，那身心虐待我想對應到 CRC 的精神裡

面，就包括身體虐待、精神暴力和性暴力，還有這個性侵害，還有一些不當對

待，以及疏忽照顧，就是 Neglect，這個都是在身心虐待裡面，那過去上一次的

國家報告裡面有提到，我們在實務界對於身心虐待有給他做一些限縮，包括說

要不斷的重複、反覆而且長時間，的確這樣子的限縮會造成有一些體罰一次性

的可能就進不來，所以我們在 2021 年，重新去做一個定義，就是把 CRC 的精神

放進來，告訴我們的實務界沒有所謂的要反覆，沒有所謂要長時間，沒有，就

是只要有這個身心虐待，不管是體罰也好或者是疏忽照顧也好，都算是我們的

這個身心虐待，那在這一次，就是未來在我們的修法裡頭，就完全把 CRC 的精

神暴力、身體暴力、疏忽照顧寫得很清楚，就不會讓實務界有這個疑問，所以

我想做一個說明。

剛才委員也提到了很多的通報，在我們國家的法律裡，也有強制通報，包括

《兒童及權益福利保障法》裡頭有規定 53 條，就是醫事人員、社工人員、教育

人員、保育人員還有教保服務人員、警察、司法人員、移民人員、戶政人員、

村里幹事，在執行職務的時候跟孩子、兒童、少年有接觸，發現他有被兒虐，

就是我們說的身心虐待也好，或者是有遭受任何人的不當虐待，你都要通報，

而且是 24 小時以內，通報給誰呢？通報給我們的主管機關，也就是縣市政府，

在每個縣市政府都有一個主管機關，就是我們的社會局或社會處，那這個時間

不可以超過 24 小時，如果你知道可是你不通報會有罰則，經過調查屬實確定沒

有任何理由未通報，就會罰 6 千到 6 萬新臺幣，所以他有一個責任通報的要求，

而且是法律位階，那也提到說，那我們有一個民眾可以通報的，就是任何，除

了剛才講的這些專業人員要強制通報之外，任何人發現，包含兒少自己本身有

發現兒童的不當對待，也可以通報，而且法律裡頭要求通報人的資訊是要保密

的，所以不會被人家知道，那不會被人家知道，也就不用擔心被報復，那同時

被通報的兒少，我們在法律規定他的資訊、他的身分資訊也是要保密的，如果

有人或者是媒體或者在網路揭露了這個被害兒少的個人資訊，也是會有罰則

的，所以做了周全的一個保障。那民眾通報可以用什麼方式呢？他可以用一支

電話，就是 113，我們有一個 3 碼的號碼，這個電話，113，他是全年無休、24

小時都有專人接電話，那接了這個電話之後，他會按照這個案件，他是在哪個

縣市發生，他會把這個資料轉給該縣市，我們是統一集中這個服務，然後來派

給各縣市，那派下去之後縣市就會有社工，專業的社工人員會去做了解，同時

他也會跟警察，跟我們的司法機關，還有跟我們的醫療單位一起來做了解。

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那剛才委員有特別提到說，我們在這個司法早期介入部分到底落實得如何？要

跟委員特別說明，我們在縣市，目前全國 22 個縣市，他們的兒童保護網絡，包

括警察、包括社工、包括檢察官，甚至醫院的醫生，他都成了一個保護網絡，

他們都有一個建立一個 Line 群組，在這個群組裡頭，當有發生一件兒童的不當

對待這個事件，他們就會在 Line 群組裡頭問接下來要怎麼處理， Line 群組裡頭

的醫師主要是對這個遭受虐待兒少的傷勢研判，他會告訴這個社工、告訴警察

說，這個可能是被家庭、家內的虐待，不是意外傷害，是人為的，所以醫生要

負責這個工作，那警察呢？他要做的就是對行為人的約制告誡，因為可能這個

家庭裡頭還有其他的孩子、其他的兒少，所以警察要對這個行為人做約制告誡，

那檢察官他要做的工作就是要啟動犯罪偵查，因為他是一個犯罪、是一個暴力

事件，那社工要做的事情就是提供被害人的保護措施，包括他的創傷、包括他

的安置，甚至包括他的安全計畫，都在這個工作裡頭，所以是落實的，因為他

已經形成一個非常具體而且可執行的這個方式。那再來就是性暴力，特別是家

庭裡頭的家內的性暴力，那的確在臺灣的制度裡面，除了是性侵害也是家庭暴

力，可以適用《刑法》的犯罪偵防，同時也可以搭配家庭暴力聲請民事保護令，

讓行為人先離開他的住所，2021 年全國有 7,787 件的性侵害案件，63%是未滿 18

歲被害人，那同時 13%是發生在家內，家內發生性侵害之後移出的案件，也就

是被害人，我們孩子離開家到安置機構的占 15%，那也就說還有 85%留下，有

一部分是聲請保護令占 8%，那還有一些留在家裡是我們的社工跟警察，跟這個

家庭簽了一個安全計畫，也就是說我們的社工讓兒少離開家或者留在家，他是

有所本，所謂的有所本就是他有一些評估的指標，包括這個案家到底對於性侵

害，就是這個性暴力是不是存在很多的迷思？很多家庭他會覺得孩子會說謊，

所以把加害人移出不見得對孩子好，如果我們的社工經過評估跟家庭開過一些

會議，發現這個家庭他的迷思很嚴重，不適合把孩子留下來，這個時候有沒有

其他的替代措施，這個是重要的，第二個就是說這樣的家庭我們也發現實務上

有非常多的多重問題，包括親密關係，特別是他有權控關係，也就是說這個施

暴者或者是這個行為人，他不單是對這個孩子性暴力，可能對他的同居伴侶也

有一些親密關係的暴力，那這個親密關係的暴力，這個媽媽可能沒有辦法保護

自己，更不要講要保護孩子，像這種狀況，也不適合把孩子留下來，此外，社

工也會評估這個家庭的保護因子到底夠不夠，如果夠，我們會優先讓他訂安全

計畫，或者聲請民事保護令，讓孩子留在家裡，讓施暴者離開，所以大概有

85%都會走這條路，所以事實上是有的，而且臺灣的法律是備足的、是足夠的，

那就是讓我們的社工能夠靈活運用。

再來就是剛才主席有特別提到這種特別保護措施，包括說我們讓孩子留在家

裡，讓我們的相關的醫療、警察、檢察官，甚至法官可以到兒童之家，或者是

到一個地方去做筆錄或者詢訊問，臺灣做的是一站式服務，所謂的一站式服

務，就是我們盡量減少孩子遭受這種性暴力之後，還要去警察局做筆錄，還要

到地檢署去開庭做詢訊問，甚至要到法院，那我們就希望讓這個孩子在發生事

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 情的時候，例如說社工陪他到醫院去做驗傷，去做採集這些事證，他到醫院的

時候，我們就會聯絡警察、會聯絡檢察官，能夠到這個醫院在做驗傷採證的時

候，同時把筆錄，警察的筆錄，還有檢察官要詢問的一些問題，就在那個一站

式的醫院裡頭，是一個溫馨的檢查室裡面做完這件事情，那這個是我們的特別

保護措施，那同時我們在整個司法程序裡頭，我們都有社工會全程陪同，陪同

我們的孩子、陪同被害人，甚至有必要的時候他也可以提出他的意見，他可以

表達意見，那此外，特別是兒童，12 歲以下的孩子發生性侵害之後，他可能很

容易被誤導，被問話的時候會遺忘，甚至重複問很多問題，他可能會有二次創

傷，所以我們有推所謂的減少重複陳述的措施，同時我們也有專業的司法詢問

的專業介入，也就是經過訓練的專業人員，協助警察、協助檢察官還有協助法

官來詢問孩子到底發生什麼事，那他做的是不要引導，不要過多的引導，也不

要過多的證詞，避免遭受汙染，然後讓孩子的司法正義可能因為我們過多的介

入而會導致有反效果，那至於這個所謂的追訴期這件事情，的確臺灣最近也開

始有專家、NGOs 團體有在倡議，那我想這個部分可能會涉及法務部、也會涉及

司法院，待會就麻煩他們來做說明。那另外臺灣在兒虐這件事情上面，我們花

很多時間跟家長溝通，希望他們採一個正向教養，避免打、罵，或者是用負向

的這種管教方式來行使他的親權，全國都在全力的推這種正向教養的一個概

念，那對於這些創傷的孩子，不管在醫院也好、在社工也好，還有在警察也

好，在檢察官這個體制，我們目前推一個叫創傷知情，也就是我們都知道這些

孩子或者是這些施暴者，那他過去有一些創傷，那理解他的創傷，了解反應他

的創傷帶給他的一個行為，同時在這個了解的過程裡頭，能夠接納他的一個情

緒，那我想這個創傷知情也是目前在實務界裡頭很努力在處理的。另外委員也

特別提到說精神暴力，其實我們在精神暴力部分，我們也是明文載明他是不可

以的，包括他用羞辱的方式貶抑這個兒童的重要性等等，精神暴力不容易發

現，但是只要能夠舉證，我們也是會處理，所以事實上也是在我們的暴力類型

裡頭，如果還有其他不足的部分，我們後面再來補充，以上。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

以復歸社會的效果，等一下你找一下資料，先請法務部剛剛接著說那個有些偵

查或者追訴期的問題，等一下再請教育部補充目睹。

法務部檢察司代表：

各位委員以及與會的先進大家好，我是法務部檢察司代表朱華君，剛剛衛福部

的同仁其實已經解釋得非常的詳細，我稍微說明一下重大兒虐早期介入的意思

是說，像例如說在社工的訪視，或者是醫生可能突然接獲到一個小孩，他送來

受醫療的時候，他懷疑這個是可能是重大兒虐，他可能受到虐待了，那這時候

就會透過剛剛所謂的通報機制，直接進入到我們的縣市政府的主管機關，同時

也啟動警察來做一個開始偵查，那警察這個時候，他就會向地檢署的檢察官來

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 做一個報告，現在所有的地檢署，都有所謂的婦幼檢察官，所謂的婦幼檢察官

就是負責偵辦家庭暴力、性侵害、性騷擾等等相關的案件，那所有的婦幼檢察

官每一天都會輪值，所以說像目前所謂的重大兒虐的類似這樣的案件，就如剛

剛我所述的那個程序，當警察發現的時候，他就會跟執勤的檢察官報告，那檢

察官就會啟動偵查，那這時候所謂的啟動偵查也會跟醫院這邊去做一個聯繫，

包含除了治療之外就是做驗傷，那驗傷就是為了採集證據，所以這是剛剛這個

整個為整個重大兒虐早期介入的流程，那在這樣的流程啟動了起來的時候，因

為剛剛委員也有提到說讓加害人離開這個問題，那當如果說這個案子在當時的

事證相當的明確，符合法律相當構成的要件的時候，我們也會向法院聲請羈

押，羈押是最強的強制處分，是直接把人在審判之前就先暫時的，向法院聲請

讓這個人先押在看守所裡面，那這當然就要有相當的事證，以及就是他所涉及

的罪刑是有相當的符合法律上的規定，那第二個部分就是說，像性侵害的通報

也是一樣的，目前性侵害的案件，如果有一些比較重大性的，我們也會透過剛

剛所謂的值班這樣子的流程讓檢察官即時啟動偵查，除了衛福部同仁提到會啟

動一站式服務之外，那有一些案件有時候必須還要再問一下兒少，就是問更詳

細的時候，我們在地檢署都有設置溫馨談話室，那溫馨談話室是有別於一般的

偵查庭，那偵查庭大家可以想見的就是，其實就像法庭一樣他一個上下的階

層，但是我們各個地檢署現在目前都有設置一間到兩間，整個環境的設計，他

會讓檢察官跟受訊問者的座位的高度是一樣的，這樣的話就是視線會幾乎是平

行，會讓受訊問者他會比較能夠放鬆，而且整個溫馨談話室裡面的設計會很像

一個客廳，甚至我們會擺設例如說一些玩具、玩偶，讓這個如果說今天這個受

訊問者是個小孩子，他可能當他覺得累了，他可以稍微摸摸一下玩偶，甚至玩

一下玩具，讓他稍微放鬆一下，這是我們在談話室這個部分的設計，那另外關

於追訴權時效的問題，我們知道說目前就是，最近因為剛好臺灣發生一些案

件，所以一直有在討論，那就我所知有一些立法委員已經提出了相關的版本，

參考外國立法例有提出一個修正草案，那我們部裡面就這個部分也正在討論要

怎麼樣研修，以上報告補充，謝謝。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

謝謝，請教育部，目睹兒童。

教育部代表：

好，有關於學生的目睹家暴的部分，目前各地方政府的家暴防治中心受理個案

通報之後，會開具知會單給學生的所屬學校，所屬學校收到知會單之後，會立

刻召開個案的會議，邀集學生所屬的班級導師，以及輔導老師進行個案的討論，

那在處理上、輔導的時候，會特別注意幾個原則，第一個就是要保密，避免孩

子被標籤化，希望能夠保障孩子的隱私跟尊嚴，第二個部分就是盡可能地給孩

子關心，並且留意孩子，增進他跟同儕，還有跟師長正面互動的人際關係，同

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 時關注他是不是有穩定就學，那以及針對他所遭遇到暴力的心理創傷，評估他

的嚴重程度以及所需要的輔導策略，那學校召開完個案會議後一個月內的處理

情況要回覆給家暴防治中心，如果這個個案的受創傷的程度比較嚴重，需要專

業跟深入的輔導，他們也轉介縣市的輔諮中心，由專業的輔導人員來共同來給

予輔導，以上報告。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

好，謝謝，剛剛 Vuckovic 提到 Hot Line will distribute 那個不是 Will，是 Has to，

Will Maybe tomorrow，No，Has to，對，因為 Will 代表的是明日或未來，但其實

不是未來，而是必須，Has to。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

好，在這個專線是用來通報，對兒少有暴力這樣子的情況，還是說任何人遇到

暴力都可以通報？也就是說表示這個專線的人員他必須要有不一樣的知識、不

一樣的背景跟專業，因為如果有人通報的是交通事故，他失去了自己的孩子，

他失去了自己的父母，這樣子的通報所需要的專業是不一樣的，或者是有父母

可能通報說他的孩子自殺了。

衛生福利部保護服務司代表：

謝謝主席，回應 113，113 當初我們成立的時候，就是一個窗口然後一支電話，

然後 3 種服務，哪 3 種呢？當時就是兒童保護，然後再來就是家庭暴力，然後再

來就是性侵害，就這 3 種，那現在有多一些，像例如說他有一些數位性別暴力，

也會涉及到跟性或者跟婦女、兒少權益有關的也會進來，那他除了做通報之

外，有一些是諮詢，也就是說他不知道對不對，那要找誰，他可以先來做一個

諮詢，也可以。剛才前面的問題裡頭特別提到一個復歸社會的架構，提到除了

返家之外，還有沒有其他的方式，的確在兒童遭受重大的虐待，經過社工完整

評估之後，覺得他的家庭保護功能，沒有辦法讓孩子留在家裡，他需要做保護

安置，那保護安置一進到我們的安置機構就要開始幫他做返家，返家或者是自

立的一個規劃，他就開始，那經過社工在機構裡頭給孩子做創傷治療，然後也

讓他穩定的生活，同時還有對他的原生家庭要做他的家庭重建，那如果這個家

庭狀況有一些改善，那我們會對孩子跟主要照顧者，或者他的父母做漸進式的

返家，包括說他要定時的會面交往，如果狀況不錯，社工評估也覺得狀況很

好，同時聽取了兒少的意見，慢慢地有讓他有返家的可能，這是一種，但是往

往很多時候是沒有辦法讓他返家，也就是說這個家庭的功能真的是經過努力一

年、兩年，還是沒有辦法回去，這時候我們就需要幫孩子做一個長期的一個輔

導計畫，那這個長期輔導計畫包括是要透過跟孩子深入的討論他的將來，他是

要安置在機構裡頭呢？還是他要自立回到社區做自立生活，還是說他需要重新

以他最佳利益，他可以聲請法院停止親權，或者是決定改定他的監護人，甚至

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 包括終止收養關係或出養等等這一種法律上的一個身分的一個重新改定，那如

果經過跟孩子討論後，他決定要回到社區，我們會協助他走一個自立方案，那

這個自立方案包括他將來離開機構之後，在社區裡頭，政府要提供他生活扶

助，或者是醫療的一些問題，甚至他的住的問題，然後包括他的就學、就業，

還有其他生活適應的這些問題，都需要有專人社工會來協助他，我們沒有做過

證研究，但是我知道經過這樣的努力，有很多的孩子經過自立方案回饋給社工

的，是他自己從這個當中得到了滋養，所以他自己後來念大學，也念社工系，

畢業之後也當社工，是非常多的我們的社工同仁，他有這樣子的一個經驗，所

以用這個部分來回饋給這個委員做一個參考，以上。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

好，稍後我要好好來懲罰這支麥克風，現在有聲音了，剛剛提出了復歸社會的

例子，也提到這個受害者後來上大學，很成功的經營了他的人生，那麼我們延

續一下這個例子，假設有位女性她 5 歲的時候受到家內成員的性侵，她現在念完

大學了，終於願意回頭來談談 20 年前發生的家內性侵，那麼這個追訴時效的問

題又回來了，所以她去找了警察，通報了這個過去的案件，然後警方跟她說：

「很抱歉，我們無法起訴這個案件」，因為這個必須在犯罪事件發生之後 15 年之

內就通報才行，這個時候怎麼辦？所以那你們要更改追訴時效的法令嗎？還是

說取消跟性暴力或其他研究暴力的追訴時效呢？會這樣子做嗎？這是我的問題。

法務部檢察司代表：

不好意思，我是法務部檢察司，剛剛對於這個問題其實我有稍微解釋過，目前

就我們所知，就是說因為臺灣最近也有發生一些類似的案例，然後立法院在立

法委員，也有部分立法委員已經提出了相關的修正草案，就是仿德國的立法，

那我們現在部裡面其實就這個問題也是還在討論當中，就是說因為這個涉及到

我們必須要檢討所有跟性有關的犯罪，因為跟性有關的犯罪除了在我們的《刑

法》裡面，還有包含像《兒少性剝削條例》的處罰，還有性騷擾的防治條例，

就是相關跟性暴力的法，其實不是只有在我們的《刑法》裡面，所以我們必須

要做一個全盤式的通盤討論，所以目前我們還在討論當中，以上補充。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

請問有關於暴力的部分，還有沒有其他的問題要提出來？我們原來應該是 3 點要

休息，但是好像都沒有人說話？我們休息一下吧，我不知道為什麼會安排這個

休息，不過，沒關係，我們現在就休息 15 分鐘，3 點半請回來，然後我們繼續討

論基本的健康權，還是？好的，那麼還是家庭環境以及替代性照顧，15 分鐘休

息時間，請大家喝點咖啡稍微休息一下。

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司儀：

各位貴賓我們本場次的審查會議，我們上半場到這邊結束，依據剛剛主席說明

的，我們這場的休息時間調整為 15 分鐘，稍後請各位在 3 點半的時候回到我們

的會場，我們在會場外面備有咖啡和熱茶，也歡迎各位享用，稍後我們在 3 點半

的時候，繼續我們後續的會議，謝謝。

司儀：

提醒大家會議再兩分鐘後開始，會議稍後再兩分鐘後開始，在這邊跟各位提醒

一下，場外也有國家報告的本文、附件，還有問題清單回復等紙本，如果有需

要也歡迎到我們報到處索取，國家報告的本文、附件，還有問題清單回復等紙

本資料，歡迎各位盡情索取，接下來會議將再兩分鐘後開始。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

好的，歡迎大家回來，看到大家都拿了咖啡，還有一些點心在吃，不過接下來

我們要談的是比較困難的問題了，就是關於 CRC 當中兒童享有的一些基本的權

利，我先請 Cantwell 博士提問，針對第六章家庭環境與替代性照顧先提問。

Nigel Cantwell 委員：

我會把重點放在替代性照顧，我要再次感謝各位所提供大量的資訊，包括在國

家報告以及對問題清單的回應，同時也感謝各位來到這邊接受我們的提問，今

天早上衛福部的代表有提到，替代性照顧的準則其中有提到，正在檢討相關的

法令，那我們很高興聽到這一個進展，也非常高興貴國政府有留意到在這一個

準則當中應該納入的原則，也就是再檢討相關的法令跟政策，在這方面的規定

的時候可以做到這一點，其中有一個面向，在這個準則當中有很多是談替代性

照顧，其中一個就是強調家庭式的照顧選項，而不是這種住宿機構，那當然住

宿機構有他可以扮演的角色，可是發展家庭式的替代性照顧，應該是這個政策

在這方面應該有的首要目標，首先我想要先了解一下，各位覺得有哪些阻力、

障礙，讓我們沒有辦法提升親屬照顧或寄養照顧在臺灣的普及情形，我知道政

府做了很多的努力，特別是在寄養照顧的推廣上，希望能夠增加更多的寄養家

庭，也就是能夠應用更多這類的選項，但是我也了解在這方面發展是遇到一些

問題，所以我想知道各位覺得在這方面安置的障礙或阻力，主要是因為一般民

眾沒有意願提供照顧，不管是親屬照顧或者是寄養照顧，還是這比較是因為譬

如說財務上或其他的支援、資源不足？因此讓親屬照顧、寄養照顧沒有辦法提

升他的使用率？換句話說，是不是提供更多的財務資源還有其他各方面的這些

照顧資源，如果有這方面的資源的話，您覺得那麼是不是就可以解決這問題？

還是說應該要先改變大家對於這方面的照顧者的角色的看法，然後再來去討論

這些財務資源跟其他的照顧資源的提供？這是第一個問題。

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第二個，那就是身心障礙兒童他們的替代性照顧，5 年前我們就有提過這一點，

但是從目前可得的資訊看來，身心障礙兒少好像還是很難取得這種家庭式的照

顧，包括了在國內獲得收養，也就是這個比例很明顯的，身心障礙兒少在國內

的收養比例非常低，絕大部分的身心障礙兒少似乎都是安置到海外收養，所以

在臺灣還可以做，已經做了哪一些努力？還可以再做哪一些努力來去幫助身心

障礙兒少找到家庭式的替代性照顧呢？

第三點，我也想了解在臺灣在這種家庭照顧小型團體照顧的應用，在全球來說

這種小型家庭團體照顧，基本上是會優先於大型的住宿機構這個選項，因此在

為兒少找替代性照顧的時候，一般來說是先去找這種家庭式的照顧，親屬照顧

或者是寄養照顧，然後如果這兩者都沒有辦法取得，或者是不適合這個兒少的

話，然後就開始去找就是比較小規模的住宿環境，可能是有點像是家庭氣氛的

團體，那如果連團體家庭也沒辦法或者不適合這個兒少的話，才去考慮把孩子

安置到大型的住宿式的機構，唯一的例外就是也許有一些團體家庭，他們是專

門針對特定類型的兒少，譬如說專門是針對身心障礙兒少，那麼在這一些團體

家庭，他可能是專門針對有不同特殊需求的兒少安置，但是我剛剛所說的這一

個選項都是一樣的，就是家庭式的，然後小型的團體家庭，然後才到大型的住

宿式的機構，但是在臺灣好像反過來？也就是在臺灣會先去尋找在大型寄宿式

機構安置，如果判斷這個孩子不適合進入這種大型寄宿式的安養機構，這個時

候才去找團體家庭，我還蠻驚訝的，我相信可能有背後的原因，但是這樣的解

決方式對我來說我還蠻訝異的，因為我看過世界各地的替代性照顧的作法，所

以我很驚訝臺灣是這樣的做法，但是我也充分了解，為什麼是在臺灣這樣的作

法，為什麼這種好像團體家庭這個選項沒有優先放在大型住宿式機構之前。

接下來的問題，就是私部門扮演的角色，私部門提供住宿式照顧，今天早上很

有意思，同樣的來自衛福部的代表有提到，那就是兒少最佳利益可能會受到傷

害，如果說一些私人經營的安養機構，他們為了要募款，然後要這些機構裡的

孩子去做一些表演活動協助募款，這是不利於兒童的最佳利益，所以這個就是

一個可能會有的問題，但是我今天想要問的，主要是關於絕大部分的在臺灣住

宿式機構，就我所知都是民營，那麼在臺灣唯一會受到評鑑評等比較低的機

構，就是丙跟丁這種評等的，好像只有這種全民營的機構會得到很低的評鑑的

結果，如果是這樣的話，至少在統計數據上是這樣的結果，那麼這個就讓我們

很擔心為什麼會有這樣的現象？我們可以做些什麼事情？所以這方面的問題就

在於為什麼會有這種狀況？他的原因是什麼？為什麼公立機構看起來都是獲得

甲等或是優等？是因為政府多半是監督自己設立的機構打出很好的評鑑結果

嗎？還是說私立機構真的提供了不佳的服務呢？如果是私立機構的服務不好，

那數目是有，而且還不少，這表示說發照的法規不夠嚴謹？還是說監督不足？

在私立機構營運的時候監督不夠而造成這個狀況嗎？那麼這個時候又該怎麼

辦？資源要從哪裡去支持私立機構呢？我們有獲得一些資源相關的資訊，我相

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信 5 年前也有類似的狀況，私立機構當中，他們 50%照顧兒童的預算來自於政

府，另外 50%則要自籌，我不曉得私立機構如何自籌基金？是透過募款嗎？或

者是要讓兒少去表演來募款這樣子的方式嗎？如果政府提供了 50%私立機構所

需的資金的話，政府就有義務要引用第 20 條來確保良好的替代照護，這些兒少

沒有辦法受到家庭照護，喪失家庭環境的兒童，應該要在私立機構受到很好的

照顧，政府提供私立機構 50%的資金，這個比例很大，私立機構如果沒有辦法

在特定的年間募得自己需要的資金的話，有可能是暫時性的，但是也很難說，

但無論如何，一遇到這樣的狀況私立機構的服務品質即會下降，那麼這個可收

的人數也會下降，那這樣下去會有什麼樣子的結果呢？可以招募的人員素質是

不是會受到影響呢？因為機構的資金有限，還有這些機構的人員流動率是不是

會較高？這也不是僅見於臺灣的問題，其實提供優質照顧的標準，或者是特別

是在這種住宿式的機構會遇到的一大問題，就是員工流動率高，可能是因為這

個機構的資金不足、工作環境不好，人員沒有辦法維持家計，也因此造成流動

率較高，這樣子一來人力不足，使得機構無法提供良好的服務給兒少，以上是

針對私立機構的問題，和政府應該提供什麼樣支持的相關問題，評鑑、發照等

等當然也都與私立機構的運作息息相關，我想已經有這樣的機制了，不過以上

是我提出的一些額外的問題。

針對替代照顧最後一個問題，是一個很尖銳的問題，也就是去機構化，在替代

性照顧當中，大部分的兒少都是在住宿式的機構裡接受照顧，我曾經參訪過住

宿式的機構，那我沒有參訪過臺灣的住宿式機構，所以我只能夠仰賴不同來源

提供給我們的資訊，希望這些資訊是正確的資訊，我不曉得我看到的這些組織

能不能夠叫做機構？因為我們不太用機構這樣子的詞語，而是用住宅式照顧來

替換使用，因為機構式的照顧指的是比較冷淡、比較大型的機構，比較沒有個

人化，這個相對於團體家庭很不一樣，要在替代性的照顧系統當中去做去機構

化，我不曉得是不是有這個需求？當然其實看起來，就我們收到的資訊來說是

有這樣子的需求，住宿式照顧的系統本質上大部分都是機構照顧，所以在這樣

的假設下，在替代性照顧當中如果有要去做去機構化的話，不曉得是不是那麼

適當？既然大部分的照顧都是由機構來提供，我想要做一個非常的完整去機構

化的策略的話，好像臺灣人有所猶豫，我也了解這背後有不一樣的原因，出自

於歷史的緣故或其他因素，那我感覺到了這樣子的猶豫，看起來並不是有很充

分的信心或信念認為去機構化是一個必要的方向，在替代性照顧當中去機構化

似乎並不認為是一個必要的方向，我知道有些單位是負責這樣子的措施或策

略，請問大家認為去機構化是一個適當的方向嗎？請問這樣子的相關主管機關

有這樣子的信念嗎？還是說有一些疑問？如果有疑問的話，疑問又是什麼？那

麼要有一個對於臺灣來說客製化的做法的話，到底去機構化的策略會是什麼樣

子的策略呢？這也是針對替代性照顧的問題。

我也想要再針對收養提一些看法，跨國收養我就不再多問了，在 2017 年時我們

討論了很久，不過我這一次仍然想要提的是，像是荷蘭暫時中止了跨國收養，

因為他們擔心一些來源國的問題，那決定像是暫停了一些收養，譬如說針對 6 個

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 國家暫停了收養，意思是可能是因為臺灣沒有辦法簽訂一個跨國收養的海牙公

約，荷蘭凍結了國際收養的這樣計畫，那所以有個國家認為說沒有締結這個公

約的國家就不能跟荷蘭做跨國的收養，有的國家決定要去大幅度的改變自己收

養的政策，臺灣也名列 6 個無法跟荷蘭進行跨國收養的國家之一，我想這也是為

什麼這次我不會針對跨國收養問其他問題，不過我要著重在國內收養這一塊，

想要問一下相關的主管機關，你們覺得在臺灣的國內收養未來的發展會如何？

比如說針對身心障礙兒童的收養？臺灣在這方面當然並不是唯一遇到此挑戰的

國家，很多國家會發現要為身心障礙兒童找到收養家庭是一個持續的挑戰，當

然一定要顧慮到兒童最佳利益，讓這樣子的身心障礙兒少留在自己文化當中或

許是最好的選擇，不需要大老遠的搬到半個地球之外才能找到他所需要的保護，

或者落實他的權利，所以我們所關切的，就是現在好像並沒有鼓勵臺灣人去做

這種國內的收養，在國內收養推廣的工作，特別是收養身心障礙兒少，這方面

如果有做努力的推廣，似乎沒有看到成果，另外我們也聽到有一個憂慮，就是

針對國內的收養者所能夠獲得的支持，也就是說在國內可能有一些人他願意去

照顧身心障礙兒少獲得的資源其實是不夠的，所以是不是在政府有在全力的推

廣，並且研擬更多的措施，來去提升這些有特別需求，有身心障礙兒少在國內

獲得收養的機會？好的，我希望我的問題夠清楚，雖然我剛剛講了這麼久，希

望大家都有聽懂我的問題，也謝謝大家耐心地聆聽，期待各位的回覆。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

謝謝 Nigel 所提出來的這些重要問題，這些問題我們都期待聽到各位給我們提供

清楚的答覆，謝謝。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

首先我代表行政院說明去機構化政策，剛剛 Nigel 委員提到一些相關的 Idea，基

本上是接受，而且努力在往這些方向，關於去機構化的議題，在臺灣不管處理

精神疾病、老人、身心障礙，都往這個方向發展，第二個概念是，應該先讓家

庭的寄養或親屬照顧優先，再不足就往 Group home，就是比較屬於小型的家庭

家庭，如果不足再往 Residential care，這樣的三個不同的層級照顧方式，我們接

受而且也在努力中，但是必須承認有一些困難，比方說早期臺灣身心障礙的

Residential care，比較來自於許多外國的傳教士，不管是天主教或者基督教，給

我們非常多的支持，在臺灣設了一些身心障礙的機構式照顧，那些照顧帶給臺

灣非常多的啟發跟很多的示範，而且照顧的品質也相當不錯，因此我們這個歷

史的經驗，的確讓很多私立，私人、私立的機構就去模仿，所以就設了一些機

構，在這樣的情況之下，是否導致我們比較沒有太多的動機培養寄養家庭或者

親屬照顧，我們不確定這個關係，但是我們的確已經發現需要有更多的親屬寄

養也好，或是親屬照顧也好，或 Group home 等等這些新的設施或新的做法要鼓

勵，而且要投注更多的資源做到國際潮流，大家都是這樣做，我們也不例外，

應該也這樣做，首先政策上我們的確如此，執行上我請衛福部說明，謝謝。

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衛生福利部社會及家庭署代表：

上一次的結論性意見，審查委員建議政府應該要檢討目前替代性照顧的現況，

同時也要配置資源提供最適合的安置給兒少，為了要符合聯合國的替代性照顧

準則，2019 年政府成立專責小組，包括來自地方政府的代表、學者專家、NGOs

的代表，經過多次的討論、協商、諮詢，兒少替代性照顧政策終於正式在 2022

年初行政院核定，並獲得行政院加強社安網計畫 2022 年到 2025 年總共 22 億的

經費。在擬定這個政策的時候，我們也檢視現況以及既有的政策，當時就發

現，過半的家外安置兒少都是在機構式照顧之下，原因是缺乏親屬照顧所需要

的支持資源，家外安置的兒少由親屬照顧的比率還是很低，一般來說這些孩子

很難找到適當的親屬來提供照顧，親屬缺乏照顧意願，往往是因為他們不了解

親屬照顧所必須扮演的角色，能夠取得的資源也不夠，怕會影響到他們自己原

本的家庭生活，而且這些親屬年紀比較大了，沒有力氣再來照顧兒少；大部分

的親屬照顧者年齡比較大、教育程度較低，同時財務狀況、經濟狀況不佳，所

以雖然親屬照顧是優先選項，但目前比例還是比較低的。另外是寄養照顧的量

能問題，需要寄養照顧的兒少，可能有行為的問題、身心方面或疾病的問題，

但寄養家庭的父母通常年齡比較長，七成至八成寄養父母的年齡都超過 50 歲，

比較沒有辦法照顧到這些孩子的發展需求，因此我們還是需要有更完整的支援

計畫，才能夠幫助這些寄養家庭照顧這些兒少。團體家庭目前還不是法定的一

種安置形式，這也是為什麼目前的法令還未將團體家庭納作安置選項，我們從

2010 年開始就推動團體家庭實驗計畫，補助 NGOs 辦理團體家庭，但是因為團

體家庭並沒有法源的依據，營運成本也太高，所以地方政府其實並不是很願意

編列經費支持這些團體家庭，另外團體家庭要照顧有特殊需求的兒少的話，可

能沒有專業的人力資源，或者是沒有適當的場地，所以現在能夠提供給這些兒

少家庭式的照顧數量是很有限的，也因此大部分在家外安置的兒少還是在安置

照顧機構為主。我們也訂了一個目標來解決這個問題，就是必須優先開發以家

庭為基礎的替代式照顧，提供更多支持給親屬照顧，打造一個安全穩定的照顧

環境，我們會給予親屬照顧者安置的費用，就像是寄養家庭一樣可以獲得這些

費用的支持，除此之外我們也提供系統性的教育訓練給這些親屬照顧者，加強

他們的親職能力，同時提供更可及性的服務，根據他們的需求提供必要的諮

商、諮詢服務，也希望能夠提供所謂同儕的支持，讓有照顧經驗者能夠交流。

至於擴大寄養家庭量能這一塊，我們正在修改家庭寄養服務的工作標準，譬如

把年齡上限提高到 65 歲，希望更多符合資格的照顧者來作為寄養家庭，也會提

供一些額外的補助給這樣子的照顧者，中央政府也要求地方政府要修改相關的

寄養家庭法規來符合上述之工作標準，我們也很鼓勵這些寄養家庭，可以提供

一些喘息的服務給脆弱家庭的父母，特別是剛結束安置返家的兒少，我們要支

持這些父母更能夠去照顧這些兒少。此外，我們也提供即時的服務給新的寄養

父母，以及提供一些解決方案，讓他們的家人也更了解寄養家庭，希望寄養家

庭的維持率能夠維持住，政府也要提供多元的服務給寄養家庭，讓這些寄養家

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 庭更能夠照顧有特殊需求的兒少。此外我們也鼓勵地方政府設置團體家庭，也

會去修改《兒少法》和《兒少法施行細則》，讓更多的資源可以提供給團體家

庭，同時也考慮到它的彈性，我們會協助地方政府擴大團體家庭的數量，也會

跟 NGOs 一起合作；地方政府應該要提供社會住宅、資源等等給 NGOs，協助他

們設置團體家庭，團體家庭應該要聚焦在打造家庭式的環境跟氣氛來保護兒

少，這樣子的服務模式有其彈性跟多元，基本上要考慮到在家外安置的兒少他

們有哪些需求，為了要發展團體家庭，這些照顧者的人力可以包含專業人員與

非專業人員，非專業人員可能是來自於其他家庭的人，有可能是伴侶、親屬或

者是姊妹等等，那這些非專業人員也可以受訓成為有資格的照顧者，他們完成

了一些訓練、課程之後可以獲得資格，而地方政府要定期訪視，提供定期的指

引給團體家庭，並且連結相關的資源，這個也要視家外安置的兒少需求來進

行。此外我也想要釐清一下您的問題，關於替代性照顧的選擇這一塊，實際上

根據《兒少法施行細則》第 10 條，安置兒少時地方政府應該要遵循下列的順

序，第一是適當的親屬照顧，第二就是重要他人，兒少的重要他人，這個重要

他人跟兒少之間有一個長期依附的關係，第三則是寄養家庭，他們要經地方主

管機關許可，第四則是安置機構，這個也是主管機關許可的安置機構，安置機

構是最後的選項，如果團體家庭成為了法定的照顧模式的話，那麼就會比安置

機構優先。

衛生福利部社會及家庭署代表：

回應一下收養問題，的確國人對於收養身心障礙孩子是困難的，所以我們也一

直在利用各式各樣的宣導，鼓勵國人可以收養這些有特殊需求的孩子，增加收

養的機會，對於這些收養家庭我們也增加蠻多家庭支持服務，包括對於照顧身

心障礙的孩子，可能需要給他們一些喘息，一些的補助、一些的服務，這都是

目前我們在推動的，未來我們也會在法令強化相關的規定，當然我們也會有一

些評鑑機制，收出養有一些媒合的機構，透過 NGOs 來媒合，我們也會強化對於

身心障礙兒童的收養媒合，怎麼樣去媒合這樣子的一個機會？我們也會要求這

些收出養媒合單位，可以多去創造這樣的收養跟出養的機會，當然最重要的，

我們還是希望孩子可以留在原生家庭，在他家庭經濟有困難，我們可以去支撐

他的時候，我們就要讓他在家裡面，不要到了最後都是不得已才出養，所以所

有的收養政策，都希望能夠及時的給這些家庭一些支撐，然後讓他的孩子可以

留在原生家庭，不得已的狀況，家庭功能已經不行了，我們才會去尋找替代性

的照顧，我想這個是國家的政策。

衛生福利部社會及家庭署代表：

剛剛有個問題就是私立安置機構為何評鑑結果最差？我覺得問題在於他們的服

務不足以滿足安置兒少多元的需求，有特殊需求的兒少很難留在這種住宿式的

機構當中，特別是有身心障礙的特殊兒少，第二個原因是私立機構他們的照顧

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 標準沒有辦法滿足實務的照顧需求，根據兒少安置機構設置標準，機構照顧人力

比應該是 1：4，但實務為因應照顧人力排班及休假實際照顧人力比是 1：2，另外

地方政府的安置費用，沒有辦法反映出照顧實際上需要的成本，因為費用只能

滿足兒少的生活需求，沒有辦法滿足譬如說營運的成本、人力的成本，沒有辦

法去補上私立機構所需要的這些成本，地方主管機關對於機構定期的評鑑及輔

導查核也沒有徹底落實，影響到了服務的品質。我們有一個策略性的行動計畫，

首先加強機構照顧者的照顧能力，提供適當的資源給他們，也會調整安置機構

的規模來增進其服務品質，未來我們會修正兒少安置機構設置標準，規範機構

安置人數的上限，讓安置兒童有更好的環境，也讓機構能夠盡量以一個接近家

庭的方式來提供照顧給兒少，中央政府會呼籲地方政府引導這些機構減少安置

人數，並鼓勵這些機構在設施上有所改進來滿足兒少需求。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

不好意思，我有一個問題，一個簡單的問題，私立機構從政府得到的資金比公

立機構獲得的資金較少，對嗎？這樣子的說法是對的嗎？那為什麼支付給公立

機構的資金高於私立機構呢？背後有什麼原因嗎？是因為希望私立機構可以關

門大吉嗎？我只是臆測而已，我在想說為什麼會有資金上的不同？

衛生福利部社會及家庭署代表：

事實上大部分的私立機構，都是由財團法人基金會所附設，他們也可以募款，

或向政府申請補助。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

這個是意見啦，但重點是到底是不是公立機構獲得的資金費比私立機構要多？

差了一半，所以答案是的確有差，私立機構獲得政府的資助是比較少的，比公

立機構少，接下來下一個問題就是為什麼？那你剛剛說是有關聯的基金會，這

個理由沒有很有說服力喔，因為好像是要這種慈善基金會，那麼這些在私立機

構的安置兒少，應該要享有跟公立機構一樣的照顧品質，不能因為他在私立的

安置機構，獲得的品質或服務就比較少，獲得的支持服務就比較少，所以我想

這個答案很清楚，但是我還是不懂為什麼，因為你剛剛說是財團法人基金會附

設，如果是跟政府有關的話應該是蠻有影響力的基金會吧？

衛生福利部社會及家庭署代表：

事實上私立機構，私立機構也是可以拿到地方政府的安置的費用，那另外私立

機構我們中央政府也有另外補助他們專業人力的費用，而且他們辦活動，還有

他們的一些對孩子的一些心理諮商，還有對孩子的一些社會處遇的費用，我們

都有給予補助，他們都可以跟我們中央政府申請補助，但是我必須說，並不是

所有的私立機構都會來跟我們來申請補助。

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院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

主席在問的，假設一個孩子被安置在公立機構，另外一個孩子被安置在私立機

構，兩個孩子得到政府的這些相關的資源是不是一樣？如果不一樣，就違反

CRC 兒童不平等啦，就這個議題，有沒有要回答這個問題？

衛生福利部社會及家庭署代表：

我說明一下，基本上一個孩子不管他安置在公立機構還是私立的機構，他所得

到從政府得到的，這個孩子獲得的服務或是補助是一樣的，是一樣的，當然他

們機構自己要募款，或者是機構的母基金會提供資源，那是基金會自己內部的

經營管理，但政府不管是中央還是地方，對於這個孩子的補助不會有差異。

Nigel Cantwell 委員：

一天下來大家都累了，不過我還有一個非常具體的問題想要請教，也就是您剛

所說的照顧比，在機構內的照顧人員跟孩子的比例，我想要確定一下我的理解

無誤，那就是如果身心障礙兒少的部分，在這些安置教養機構裡，照顧者對兒

少的比例，根據法律的規定是 1：4，但實務上是 1：2 嗎？

衛生福利部社會及家庭署代表：

對，實務上是。

Nigel Cantwell 委員：

這是比規定的要好一倍以上欸？

衛生福利部社會及家庭署代表：

機構都會多聘人，就是因為他們這些照顧人力必須要輪班，所以無論是私立機

構跟公立機構，都會聘比照顧比更多的人力來滿足輪班的需求，這樣算下來的

話就會變成是 1：2，因為我們是用兒少的總人數去算照顧人力比。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

好的，應該沒有問題了，我們很滿意各位提供的這麼多答覆，特別是有關於在

家庭環境以及替代性照顧這方面的問題，非常謝謝各位可以說是非常努力地回

答了我們這麼多的問題，接下來今天的最後一章，那就是身心障礙與基本健康

與福利。

John Tobin 委員：

非常謝謝各位提供給我們這麼多的洞見，現在是 4 點 40 分，我們應該 5 點要結

束，我想大家都累壞了，因此我會盡量簡短的來發問，希望今天能夠把所有的

問題回答完，如果不行的話明天早上也可以，那我也不想讓大家一直聽、一直

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講這麼久的時間，所以先從身心障礙兒少開始，我有幾點觀察，就是在資料顯

示有一些不足的地方，包括了就是在休閒，還有包容性教育相關的輔導人力不

足等等，我知道有很多政府正在規劃階段要解決這些問題，但首先我想問的就

是，我這邊看到一個全國人權行動計畫，我要再次感謝各位做得非常的好，我

要帶回去給我國政府，我非常贊同各位在這個計畫當中所寫的很多的建議，不

過談到第 77 頁有一些所謂的優先事項，但是並沒有納入兒少，為什麼我會提到

這個？主要是因為在很多人權計畫裡面，我們往往會漏掉一些比較邊緣化的團

體，所以要提醒一下。

第二點則是要請問在這個人權計畫裡面，各位打算要如何將身心障礙兒少的觀

點放入這一個人權行動計畫當中？我知道不容易做到，但是我覺得這個是我們

要有全方位的一個人權計畫應該要納入的，另外一個在行動計畫當中也指出，

好像沒有特別一個部分是針對身心障礙、針對兒少的部分，所以接下來的問題

就是，這些都代表要有大量的資源配置跟投入，所以我想請問政府是不是已經

承諾要提供這些資源，來確定這些所有的行動計畫列出的項目，特別是針對身

心障礙兒少這個部分能夠獲得實現，特別是身心障礙兒少的教育權的部分，這

個大概就是我的提問。

接下來第二個問題就是政府是不是願意承諾針對 COVID-19 對於兒少的影響，以

及政府所採取措施的對他們的影響？那麼下次再有類似的情況，疫情爆發的時

候，我們能夠盡量減少這些措施對於兒少的影響，那也就是針對 COVID-19 對於

兒童權益的影響來做評估。

第三就是健康照護服務、醫療服務，我知道在國家人權行動計畫中也沒有特別

提這一塊，我想要問為什麼，我相信一定有一個合理的解釋，但是目前的資料

看起來，包括了取得醫療服務，特別是在偏鄉地區、原住民族兒少、身心障礙

兒少，還有特別是在有心理健康問題的兒少這部分沒有特別提到，除此之外，

臺灣的醫療非常的進步，但是我想問的政府目前是不是願意投入必要的資源，

來解決目前醫療體系還有的不足之處？特別是針對兒少健康服務不足的地方。

再來是關於心理衛生的部分，其實在澳洲我們長期以來都忽略兒少的心理健康

問題，對於兒少產生很重要的影響，包含高自殺率，現在澳洲已經體認到這是

一個問題，也投入了大量的資源希望來解決，那麼臺灣其實有大量的心理健康

資源，但是好像並沒有針對兒少來做充分的提供，譬如說有些兒童可能會自殘，

但是只有三分之一有接受過心理諮商跟輔導，所以政府做了哪些、會做哪些來

確定，心理衛生服務真的是以適當的方式提供給兒少？這個當然需要長時間的

投入，現在我們看到兒少自殺率還是偏高，而人權行動計畫在第 18 頁已經有提

到，這邊是要優先處理的事項，那我想問的是怎麼做？同時政府是不是願意承

諾投入必要的財務研究、人力的資源，來確保我們了解為什麼兒少會自殺，或

者是可能有其他自殘行為出現，為什麼？

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 最後，第三個問題肥胖問題，還是有 3 成的肥胖兒少，比澳洲已經好多了，但是

我想這個比例還是太高，我知道現在有一些先導計畫，希望減少兒少的肥胖問

題，我想問的是會不會再擴大這個計畫？有一些比較大規模的措施來解決兒少

肥胖的問題，就是未來幾年有沒有這樣的規劃。

最後，也就是跨性別的兒少，不管是男轉女、女轉男，那麼在這個人權行動計

畫第 92 頁也有承諾要支持跨性別族群，但是沒有提到跨性別兒少，所以我不知

道是不是有意識到兒少他們也有可能需要這些跨性別的醫療服務，不見得是手

術，但是可能有一些服用藥物的方式，來去抑制他們原本的性徵發展等。

最後一個是關於墮胎，現在看起來少女是可以去墮胎、人工引產，但是不是還

是需要有父母的同意？所以我想要確認如果從醫學的角度來看，他是具有自主

能力的女生，他可以在他的監護人或者父母不同意的情況下還是可以取得人工

流產的服務？好，這就是我以上的問題。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

謝謝，接下來時間交給政府代表。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

請大家盡量簡短回答，才會準時下課，先請教育部。

教育部代表：

教育部先針對關於為什麼國家人權行動計畫裡頭，似乎對於身心障礙兒少這塊

好像沒有特別著墨，我想當初在訂這個國家人權行動計畫，應該有整體的考

慮，在兒少的部分我們有做規劃，針對身心障礙者的部分也有做規劃，那可能

對於身心障礙兒少的教育這塊，因為部裡頭已經有在推動《特殊教育法》的修

法，同時也針對 CRPD 所強調的融合教育的精神，也在研擬相關的推動方案，我

想因為是這個原因，所以在行動計畫裡頭沒有特別著墨，如果有需要的話，我

們可以後續提供《特殊教育法》修法的重點，以及融合教育推動的重點給委員

參考。第二個部分談到是有關於新冠肺炎對兒少所造成的影響，我想其中一塊

在於因為防疫的關係造成孩子無法到學校上課，可能會產生兒童照顧以及學習

的問題，我們其實提供一個線上教學的協助，包含硬體、軟體以及通信卡、以

及數位的學習的指引，都有提供給學生來做使用，同時對於學生因為疫情的關

係在心情上所受到的影響，我們也訂定了防疫期間通訊輔導諮商處理原則，來

幫助我們的學校輔導人員，採取更有彈性的方式來關懷輔導學生，這是有關於

疫情的部分。在兒少自殺的這一塊，的確原因蠻多、很複雜，他的因素是多元

的，包括他精神疾患的問題、家庭的原因，或者是因為課業的壓力等等，我想

因素蠻多的，目前國內已經整合教育部跟衛福部的資源，提供更多的輔導協

助，尤其是在自殺防治的部分，修訂了自殺防治三年的工作計畫，同時也結合

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 生命教育的推動，希望強化學生保護因子，減少自殺的事件發生。那在兒少肥

胖的部分，我們透過各教育階段定期為學生做健康檢查，追蹤學生合理的身

高、體重、體位避免肥胖，學校透過健康促進計畫來強化學生合理的體位，尤

其是提供多一點的體能活動跟課程，讓體重過重的學生能夠控制在合理的範圍

內，這個部分我們持續努力當中，以上補充。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

接著下來跟 Health care 都是跟衛福部幾個單位，你們分別看你們認領哪一題就回

答，謝謝。

衛福部心理健康司代表：

不好意思，我是心健司先簡單報告一下有關心理衛生的這個部分，剛剛教育部

已經提到，在兒少的心理健康以及自殺防治，我們主要就是跟教育部來合作，

那心健司在心理衛生資源的部分持續的來做布建，剛剛委員問到怎麼樣確保兒

少其實是可以使用這些資源，那在這些資源足不足夠這個部分，現在資源布建

包括 1925 的專線，1925 本來只能打電話，未來希望能夠增加線上文字協談部分，

那另外針對社區心理衛生中心的布建，我們從社安網計畫開始，以每 33 萬人口

布建一處的心理衛生中心，配置很多的心理衛生的專業人員，希望可以提供可

近性服務，另外就是請各地方政府積極的布建免費，或者是比較優惠的心理諮

商服務據點，目前已經有 381 處，那相關的資源，我們也請衛生局跟在地的學校、

轄內的學校建立合作窗口，把這樣的聯繫資源，還有所有轄內的心理衛生資源

的盤點結果，提供給教育單位，希望他們運用。剛剛委員也有問到有沒有去分

析這些原因，自殺通報的資料以及自殺死亡的資料，都有進行人口變項，譬如

說性別、年齡、自殺原因、自殺方式等等的分析，未來也希望能夠串聯相關的

系統，去瞭解特別是教育部相關的中輟系統等等，掌握跟了解孩子自殺的原因

或風險的因子，那目前這個都是我們有努力在做的方向，以上。

衛生福利部國民健康署代表：

健康署的報告，針對委員提問的兩個問題兩項說明，第一個是有關於肥胖防治

的部分，2018 年臺灣國健署出版了一個臺灣肥胖防治策略，那麼這個策略大概

就是以全生命歷程來看整個肥胖防治的因應方式，從運動、飲食跟適能，Health

literacy 的改變來做一個促進，那在 2021 年我們出版了兒童肥胖的指引，透過醫

療院所跟學校端的部分來進行有系統的兒童防治的控制，剛剛才如教育部同仁

所說，國民健康署跟教育部這邊持續從幼兒園開始，透過健康促進學校來促進

孩童的體位管理，這個跟促進學校裡面都有把體位管理放進來，除了教育部提

到的運動的部分，飲食的部分也是我們重要的重點，包括營養午餐還有含糖飲

料不入校園等等，來建立小朋友從小肥胖、體位控制能力。那第二個回應剛才

委員提問的有關於兒少流產、人工流產的過程，按照現在《優生保健法》確實

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 如果未成年者，在現在的法令中是需要由法定代理人來同意執行流產，不過為

了因應提升青少年的身體自主權，我們也正在研議修法來提高我們青少年在這

個懷孕過程，或者在流產過程中有更多的身體自主權，這個已經在修法的過

程，兩項簡單回應，謝謝。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

與偏鄉的資源，醫療資源不足，來，請補充。

衛生福利部中央健康保險署代表：

謝謝委員的提問，健保署發言，這邊有關於醫療服務為什麼沒有在這個人權計

畫報告裡面，主要原因是因為健康保險已經是我國的強制性社會保險，剛剛有

提到偏鄉、原住民或者是兒童等等的醫療服務，這一段健保陸陸續續有開辦一

些相關的計畫，或者是透過支付調整，就是用支付點數加成的方式來保護這些

偏鄉、原住民或者是兒童，這些偏鄉、原住民資源相對較少的地區，我們也會

透過這些計畫，讓這些資源能夠布建到裡面，譬如說透過醫師用巡迴醫療的方

式，或者是鼓勵醫師在偏鄉或是原住民族地區開業的方式，讓資源可以順利的

布建到這些地區，以上。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

謝謝，社工司要補充嗎？

衛生福利部社會救助及社工司代表：

我是社會救助跟社工司，回應剛剛委員問到這次關於 COVID-19 疫情下對兒少的

協助，那我要說明對疫情影響兒少跟家庭的經濟上面的協助措施，首先因為疫

情的影響，我們擔心有部分經濟弱勢的家庭餐食會不足，所以特別提醒地方政

府留意食物銀行的資源是不是穩定供應？結合村里跟家長會，還有社區志工跟

相關的食物資源，妥善提供有需求的民眾，我們在全國 236 處的據點可以採食物

倉儲、食物券或是資源結合的方式，協助弱勢的家庭獲得溫飽，第二點我們也

提供了 1957 的福利諮詢專線，在疫情期間，提供因應疫情擴大紓困還有防疫補

償金相關紓困方案的申辦資訊，如果家庭有多重的問題跟需求，我們會通報到

社會安全網的脆弱家庭的服務。第三點是配合防疫措施，我們有隔離跟檢疫的

措施，有一些是家長要照顧生活不能自理的被隔離或是檢疫者，他因為請假不

能從事工作，那也沒有支領薪水這樣的一個對象，我們會補助照顧者每人每天

1,000 元的防疫補償，這個對象包括了國小或是未滿 12 歲的兒童，或是在高中就

讀的一些身心障礙者，大概有 10 萬人照顧者有得到我們協助，以上報告。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

關於跨性別的兒少這是哪一個部門？如果沒有在場，那就提供一下資料給委員。

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Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

好，那 Tobin 博士跟我說，你們的回覆給了他非常深刻的印象，那所以好像我們

還有一些時間再來問問題是嗎？其實我們時間剛剛好，我覺得可以結束今天的

場次了，我們今天有很多密集的討論、密集的問答流程，委員也獲得了許多回

覆，有一些很精簡、有一些較為繁複，我們獲得了許多額外的資訊，絕對會在

撰寫結論性意見時，都會將這些回覆考慮進去，非常感謝各位的投入，各位努

力地提供許多詳細的回覆，會議將於明天早上 9 點再度開始，我們會聚焦在第八、

第九、第十章，這也是最後三個章節，希望也可以在明天中午之前完成那一輪

的問答，當然要做到這一點的話也需要各位的配合，我們也會注意自己的提問，

最後再次謝謝各位，祝大家有一個美好的夜晚可以好好放鬆，我們明天見，希

望大家明天也都可以精神抖擻，在徹底休息過後再次來參加會議，謝謝大家。

司儀：

謝謝各位貴賓，我們今天的會議就到這邊結束，離場前請各位攜帶您的隨身物

品並歸還口譯設備，謝謝，在這邊也提醒我們在場外報到處這邊也有國家報告

的本文、附件、問題清單回復的紙本資料，也歡迎各位可以踴躍的索取，另外

如果在剛剛會議過程有要配合委員提供補充資料的話，請於明天中午以前將中

英文檔案存放到幕僚的雲端硬碟，謝謝，我們明天的會議是早上 9 點開始。

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 Meeting Transcript

Emcee:

Ladies and gentlemen, welcome back to the review meeting. In the afternoon, we are

going to cover Chapter 5 to Chapter 7. Again, we will start with a round of questions

and then please give a round of responses. When you want to speak up, please raise your

hand so our staff can give you the mic. And please turn on the mic, wait for 3 seconds

and then the mic will start working. Throughout the session, interpreting will be

provided. In order for interpreters to hear you clearly, please pay attention to your pace.

Thank you very much. Again, the Deputy Head of the Delegation, Deputy Minister Tsai

from MOJ and Minister Wan-I Lin Minister without Portfolio will help with the meeting.

Now Chair, you have the floor.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Okay. Welcome back everybody. This afternoon as already was announced we will deal

with the 5, 6, and 7 Clusters. But we will start with answers to the question that were

raised by Dr. Cantwell this morning on identity and particularly the issue of donor-

conceived and surrogate. So the floor is for the governor.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Ministry of the Interior?

Representative from Ministry of the Interior:

Regarding the two questions asked in the morning session, I would like to provide some

response. First on stateless children. First of all, for non-Taiwanese children, well, it

doesn’t mean that they’re always stateless, because if their parents have foreign

nationality of course, they assume the foreign nationality. For stateless children, then in

practice, local governments may provide care for them since it’s difficult to identify their

status, they will ask MOI to help look for their biological parents. If they cannot be

found, then such children will be considered to be stateless. And if the stateless children

are adopted by Taiwanese nationals, they will be naturalized. If they are not adopted,

then they’re cared for by the social welfare organizations. These organizations will help

the children to be naturalized. That’s the first part of my response. Second, on children

born by surrogate. Household Department of MOI helps with the registration depending

on the legal relations of people and in fact, finishes the registration. Nationality and

household registration are two different concepts. First of all, if one of the parents is a

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 Taiwanese national, then this child has a Taiwanese nationality. With the nationality then

this child can have household registration. If a child is born in Taiwan, he or she can be

registered. If Taiwanese nationals give birth in foreign country, then we don’t call this

birth registration, we call this household registration, so after this child enters Taiwan,

they have to receive the permit to reside in Taiwan and then finish the household

registration. So if Taiwanese nationals go to a foreign country and have a child through

surrogate, but surrogacy is not legalized in Taiwan, however, it happens overseas and if

the foreign court give the identity of this child and confirming that this Taiwanese

national is the father and the mother of this child, and then the court order is issued or

the court verdict is issued, this verdict can be used in Taiwanese court to apply for

residency in Taiwan with the residence and then the children can get their registration.

Without the foreign court verdict, then the parents can provide another document

provided by the administrative agency overseas and we can also use it to register this

child. So is it possible that there’s illegal surrogacy in Taiwan? Well, I think that is one

of the cases. If children are born in a hospital, the hospital will issue birth certificates

which identify the mother and the father and the household department will use that

certificate to register the child.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Okay. So is there any extra information from Ministry of Health and Welfare? Okay.

National Health Promotion Administration?

Representative from Ministry of Health and Welfare（Health Promotion

Administration）:

This is the National Health Promotion Administration. Depending on the Artificial

Reproductive Act, surrogacy is not legalized. The law... this Act is still being amended

so it is on the list for amendments and more discussions. Of course it's related to the

identification of the surrogate and family relations, how to create a family relation, how

are the relations different from a natural birth. So the Act is still being discussed and an

amendment is pending.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Okay. Anything from Ministry of Justice?

Representative from Ministry of Justice:

This is MOJ. We work with National Health Promotion Administration and we help

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 provide some legal opinions, but we respect the National Health Promotion

Administration and the national policy. So we help with the legal proceedings. That’s

all.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Thank you. Thank you all. These are the responses from the government.

Nigel Cantwell:

For the clarifications, so just to be sure that we are understanding each other, in terms of

children who are found to be stateless, obviously, not every child is, of a foreigner is

stateless, but for a child who is found to be stateless and is in the care of the local

government, Ministry of the Interior will help to ensure that the documentation is... it

will help. It’s not “may” help, but it “will” help. That’s a really important point. In terms

of surrogacy, there will be admittedly different procedures according to how the

surrogate child arrives in Taiwan. Is the surrogate child brought into Taiwan by the

intending parents or is there some other means by which the child arrives? Was the child

registered in the country of birth etc.? There are different conditions, but the important

thing that we need to understand is that that child will be the beneficiary of all the rights

in the Convention without discrimination because of his or her circumstances of birth.

Am I correct in thinking that there will be no discrimination against the child who is

born through surrogacy, yeah? It’s really vital to know that particularly as I said before

in a country where surrogacy is not legal, and as I said that’s not a problem, but the

potential problem is always the status of a child born of surrogacy in a country where

surrogacy is not legal. I also asked about the question of donor-conceived children and

their access to information on their origins and I don’t think that I received a response

to that. What is it the kinship? No, not kinship, kinsfolk relation record is only made

available in case of marriage or adoption is what I understand, and I’m wondering if you

have comments on that because, again, it’s an extraordinarily important and very

different from surrogacy, very different from surrogacy, but nonetheless important

particularly this time when donor-conceived children are becoming more and more

numerous and concerned about access to information on their origins, not conditional

on their becoming married or being adopted or adopting another child. So if you can

give a response on the access to information of donor-conceived children, which would

be extremely useful. Thank you.

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Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

MOI, would you please confirm it?

Representative from Ministry of the Interior:

Okay. On the first part, yes, indeed. I’d like to respond to the first part, yes, local

government and MOI will help stateless children to get or to be naturalized. Second, on

surrogacy, it is not part of our responsibilities, but in practice when anyone who wants

to get household information, there should be some involved interest. So, it’s not really

depending on surrogacy or not. The kinfolk’s relations and relevant information is made

available when there is an interest involved.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Let me become very concrete. There is a couple Taiwanese citizens, they want to have

a child, they go for instance, Thailand, they have contracted a woman there to give birth

to a child, what particularly the biological aspect is you can talk about it, but that’s the

fact. The child is born. They go to the court in Thailand. The assumption is that it is

acceptable in Thai law or another country, so they are there and they go through courts,

or through the birth registration office and they are there acknowledged as the parents

of the child born from a mother surrogate is the name. But that woman has provided a

service that she was contracted for. Now, the parents have arrived in Taiwan and they

want to register the child as their child in your birth registration and household

registration, and the question is that possible or is there a law that prohibits that

registration?

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

We got the question. Thank you.

Representative from Ministry of the Interior:

So in that particular case, because the court has acknowledged the biological mother to

be the person not Taiwanese national, so with that birth certificate in Taiwan, you cannot

register the child to be a child of two Taiwanese nationals. But if in a foreign court, the

court acknowledges the two Taiwanese nationals as the child’s parents then we, here,

can acknowledge in the same way. But if the foreign court acknowledges the surrogate

mother as the mother of the child then we cannot change that in that certificate.

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Jakob Egbert Doek:

So it is important, but assuming, well, most countries have a rule that the mother of a

child is the woman who gives birth to the child. But it possible and it maybe let’s say...

let’s assume that it is that foreign country done by way of adoption so the child has been

adopted by the two Taiwanese and you have a court order that confirms that particular

adoption, I assume that those parents then can register the child here in Taipei in the

birth registration and household registration.

Representative from Ministry of the Interior:

Yes. If the adoption has been completed in a foreign country, we do acknowledge this

relationship.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

I’m going to punish my microphone at the end of the day. Thank you very much for all

the answers and very clear also. The next cluster or chapter is important but this is very

rather, let’s say, difficult, it’s on violence against children. And violence against children

as you know happens in many forms and in many places and in all countries in the world.

So the assumption that a country doesn’t have violence against children is clearly not

true. And the floor is for Dr. Vuckovic to start with questions on the information that we

received from the government on violence against children. Nevena.

Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic:

Thank you, Mr. Chair and thank you all for all the clarifications that we got so far. It is

a very interesting dialogue and we learn a lot and hope we can contribute to, at least with

our Concluding Observations but also with this dialogue, in which we as you can see we

freely express our opinion on different things. So to make the long story short, it is true

violence is actually one of the new clusters. It didn’t exist before because we only had

abuse and neglect and then there were specific forms of violence. So it is very

overarching and you will see when we discuss and probably already noticed when you

wrote the state report and the replies to the List of Issues that actually you had to go left

and right and even now among ourselves we’ve had this discussion to which extent I

should go in asking questions here, because many issues that are related to violence are

related to different settings. So my colleagues Laura Lundy and John Tobin. Laura will

talk about violence in the education system, and Jaap will talk about violence in the

family and John will tackle violence in the health system and certainly violence against

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the children with disabilities. So it is broad and I’m going to stick just to some basic

issues and there will be more talk about it. Why do we insist on that? Because we’ve

heard so much about violence from children and from NGOs. And we tend to believe

that, we know that it is not the major problem in the country, but we tend to believe that

at least when it comes to children, it is somehow very high on their list of priorities.

Their lists of rights that are most in danger. It’s not the case only in this country. I

remember whenever we talked to children from different countries, they’re always afraid

of violence particularly in some countries girls are very much afraid of violence. So with

that, I’ll go directly to what you wrote in your List of Issues and you explained many

things that we raised in the List of Issues. For example, it was not very clear to us how

abuse and neglect define the national legislation and in those interpretative documents

that went along with the legislation. So all we can say is, “Okay, congratulations, you

have a very good definitions.” But I would still suggest that you try and incorporate fully

definitions that we have in the Convention like for example, in the General Comment

No. 8, which is on corporal punishment and also in the UN study on violence, there is a

very good definition of violence against children. And the interesting thing is that it

speaks about all settings, so school community, education system, state care, family, yes,

so... and workplace, because many children work before they are 18. So it’s happening

everywhere. So as for abuse and neglect, it is basically what happens in families and in

alternative care for children. So yes, we are happy with this definition at least I’m happy,

maybe my colleagues will have to add more. But I would really like to see a more clear

definition in the law rather than in interpretative documents. Also, noting all the efforts

that the government has put into prevention of violence in all those settings, there are

some concerns about violence in non-formal education. We haven’t heard a lot about

that, something from children you know, about sports clubs or I don’t know, even

children’s playrooms and different types of non-formal settings. So how is the current

definition that you have? How does it apply? And also, the inspection system, how do

you cope with the informal systems of education? How do you find out? Do you wait

till some violence is reported or do you simply go and inspect all non-formal systems?

It’s also very important that you continue with the good work on investing in training

and education of teachers, social workers and professionals. As we talked this morning,

we would still encourage you to tell us more about or to initiate maybe more research

and discussions on the root causes of violence. And particularly as I mentioned earlier,

this ratio between the current cases, those that are reported, and those cases that we

believe are never reported. Because we also heard from children for example, when there

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is violence in schools that many of them are reluctant to report due to the fact that they

may be somehow their identity may be revealed. But Laura will talk more about that.

We are also very happy that the government with what we’ve read and know that you

have undertaken legislative and practical activities to address sexual violence in all

settings including in digital environment. We’ve heard about that a lot today and it’s

really commendable, but we noticed that even in your statistics, that there is an actual

increase of sexual abuse of children in schools and placement institutions. So all these

measures are in place, definitions, the laws and everything is in place and still it is on

the rise, how do we understand that? Is it again due to the fact that perpetrators are still

roaming around, roaming freely because no one reports them? I mean, what is your

knowledge about that? What is your thinking about that? Is impunity for sexual offense

against children widespread or not? In many countries it is, unfortunately. I will just

move briefly to two issues and one is the protection of children victims and witnesses of

crime. This is where actually our Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children to Child

Prostitution and Child Pornography is very, very valuable because unlike the Convention,

it speaks a lot about protection of victims and witnesses of violence and the committee

really insist on the protection of those children. Because somehow we’ve been

preoccupied with children, who were in conflict with the law for many decades building

systems for them so that they can have fair trials and fair treatments and alternatives.

But I think that children who are victims and witnesses in particular have been neglected

in many countries. Now, we have international standards and I see that you have

established this very elaborate cooperation mechanism and I’m gonna read the title,

Severe Child Abuse Case Judicial Early Intervention Three Part Collaboration Procedure.

That procedure looks very impressive. When you look at the chart, so my question is,

how is it being implemented? Because it has to be implemented not only on the central

level, but also on the regional levels. And so, how is that coordination functioning there?

Is it in its infant stages? So we are yet to see the results. And actually that system is

aimed at making sure that children who are victims and witnesses are always protected

in a special way. And talking about this special protection and I think that it was

mentioned this morning the initiatives to establish special way of interviewing children

like when Professor Doek said that when he was a judge, he would go to home to see

children, but that was probably not part of the system, that was because he is a nice

person. But now in many countries we have what is called children’s houses and this is

physically a house, a special place where a child who is a victim or a witness can go and

can be examined by medical professional and psychologist can be interviewed by

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 prosecutors, by the police and even talk to judge and child possibly can go to that place,

only one place maybe once or twice and then the things are done. So it’s been established

in so many countries now and if you know about that model, would you consider

something like that because it is much better for the child than to go to a courtroom to

be interviewed several times, to meet face to face with the perpetrator. So that’s

something which is very important and that would really encourage children to report

cases when they know they are safe when they report a case. They don’t go through

these terrible steps, you know, police, hospital, court, prosecutor, seeing your perpetrator.

That’s terrible. And finally my last concern and clarification I need is with regards to

recovery and reintegration. In your replies to the List of Issues, you actually explained

that there is a legal and practical framework for reintegration and recovery of child

victims or witnesses. Part of the recovery process, I think that recovery starts already in

the children’s house. If there is a child’s house, it’s already part of the recovery. But if it

doesn’t exist, what is it that... practically, apart from what is written here, what measures

are you undertaking and how do you measure results? Since you establish special

safeguards for children who have been victims and witnesses, and you want them to go

to reintegrate into society without any traumas, what is it that you are doing and have

you tried to measure results and can you look five years back and 10 years back, and say,

Okay. We’ve rehabilitated so many and many children, who’ve been exposed to grave

forms of sexual violence or any other could be trafficking, labor violence and other stuff.

And finally, we talked a lot about complaint mechanisms and here there is also one

specific question it is on hotlines, and we read here that there is a hotline in the country

and that hotline is there is a number, but the report, at least the translation that we have

here speaks in a future time... uses like future. The hotline “will distribute” the cases,

will do this, will do that,” So does it exist? Has it been used? Or it’s something that’s

been introduced and you’re expecting results? I think that you also mentioned some

other systems or maybe that’s the same hotline, but it’s not clear here that services are

provided about 45 thousand times on average. On average in which period and what

happens to them, and you know, just if someone can tell us something about that. So that

would be all. I thank you very much for your attention.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Okay. More specific on violence against children. Dr. Vuckovic already referred to the

various settings and you are aware and it’s reflected in the report that violence happens

in various situations: in schools, in institutions, and also at home. I very much appreciate

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your decision to delete from the law, an article that allows parents to inflict punishment

on their children. So deleting that particular line from the law doesn’t mean that violence

in the home does not take place anymore. On the contrary, the law has a limited impact

on this particular problem. But it is good to set a standard by telling parents that they are

not having the right to inflict punishment on their children. The question in that regard

is even it is in the home, you have the physical, the mental, and sexual violence against

the child. They’re all under... most of the criminal laws in the world. Assaults against

the person is an offense and that particular article that’s a matter of discussion, whether

that also includes mental violence and whether that’s an offense as well, but certainly

sexual violence. The traditional response to this kind of situation is that the child is

placed in a safe place temporarily. Unfortunately, some of them end up in those

institutions for the rest of their young life. But nevertheless, it is a traditional answer.

You also consider the possibility and have the possibility I think, but perhaps you could

clarify a little bit more that removal of the perpetrator, the assumption under that

particular rule is that you know who the perpetrator is and that you have enough

information to make it understandable why you assume that he has or she has committed

that particular act of violence. The question that arises when it comes to particularly

sexual violence, a lot of children who have that experience at home don’t report. They

sometimes try to make that known to teacher in school, but if that teacher is not trained

in identifying signals of children, possibly a victim of violence then a child doesn’t get

the support or response that she or he is hoping for. The question that arises in that regard

and I didn’t find it in your report, that is, the matter of statute of limitation. Some of the

children finally do report, make known that they were the victims, but at that time the

prosecutor cannot prosecute anymore because statute of limitation tells that she or he

should have done that five years earlier. So the question is, are you considering to change

the statute of limitation for this particular form of violence and perhaps also for the other

forms of violence that have similar statute of limitations to allow the possibility that a

perpetrator is brought to justice ultimately? That is the one, the other is about mandatory

reporting. You will find in General Comment No. 13 that the committee recommends all

states parties to introduce mandatory reporting of cases of violence by those who as

professionals work with or for children. So all the people who are in professional

capacity working with children for children and they find out or they are told by the

child that the child has been a victim of violence doesn’t matter which kind of violence.

Is there a mandatory reporting provision in the law? Is that applicable for the public at

large and everybody else? Or it only for professionals and if that is the case then one of

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 the next questions in this particular practice and to whom, to what are you going to report?

And what is then a lot of other questions, but let me limit the question to that particular

aspect of dealing with violence at home because we know that a prohibition because you

did delete, the possibility to use physical violence in the correction and disciplining of

children at home. Identifying their line that says, for parents, it’s prohibited to use any

kind of violence whatever it is and that includes corporal punishment. I’m not going to

tell you the story about the reactions when in the press, you tried to tell that parents

should not be allowed to corporally punish their children. You get a wide variety of

interesting reactions to that particular proposal, but I would like to know whether you

are in your law considering the possibility of including prohibition of use of violence in

the upbringing of children by parents or others? I think that’s for the very sensitive part

of violence problem and that is when it happens at home. I think that’s for now the

questions, and we are supposed to have a break at 3 o’clock. That’s correct? Okay. I

didn’t decide, but I did discover in the program that there was a break between 3 and

3:20. So you have 50 minutes to start answering these questions. You have the floor.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Thank you. The Department of Protective Services? And then we can talk about the

statutes of limitation, too.

Representative Ministry of Health and Welfare（Department of Protective Services）:

Thank you. Thank you for the questions on the forms of violence in different settings

exactly. In Taiwan according to our Article 49, Child and Youths Act says that “No one,

in whatever setting be it family, schools, or institutions, anyone in any setting shall not

engage in the following behaviors and one of them is physical and mental abuse.” Well,

if we look at the CRC that means physical abuse, psychological violence, sexual abuse,

sexual assault and maltreatment, mistreatment as well as neglect. So these are all covered

by the physical and mental abuse. And in our last state report, we said that in practice

we have narrowed down the scope a little bit, that is there should be long term infliction

of such violence. As a result, corporal punishment may not count in that category and

that is why in 2021, we have a new definition incorporating the spirit of the CRC so that

the practitioners know that there is no such thing as long-time sustained practice as long

as there is an incident of corporal punishment, neglect, physical abuse or mental abuse,

they all count as instances of mental and physical abuse. And this time as we amended

the Child and Youths Act, we have fully incorporated the definitions of these abuses of

the CRC into the newly amended act.

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So you also talked about reporting. According to our law, yes, mandatory reporting is

included, including provisions in the Child and Youths Act Article 53 medical

professionals, educators, and preschool teachers, judicial staff and neighborhood leaders,

social workers in fulfilling their duties come into contact with children and identify some

signs of physical abuse or mental abuse or maltreatment. They have the obligation to

report within 24 hours. And to whom? To the competent authorities. The local city,

county government within which there will be a social department that is in-charge of

these matters. So the reporting must be dealt with within 24 hours after you become

aware of this situation. If you fail to do so, you will be punished. According to law, you

will be fined for 6, 000 to 60 000 NT. Therefore, mandatory reporting obligation is

definitely in the law. In addition, members of the general public can also report cases of

abuse. So aside from the people I just described who have the obligation, who have to

do the mandatory reporting, anyone who spots a situation of abuse can report. And

according to our law, the identity of the informant will be protected. So there’s no need

to worry about retaliation or intimidation. At the same time, the child in question whose

identity will be protected as well. If anyone including the media or online sources reveal

the personal information of the child in the question, there will be penalties too. So how

can people report cases of abuse? We have a Hotline 113, which is on 24/7. We have

dedicated staff to receive phone calls. Upon receiving the call, the staff will determine

the location where the case happens and the information will be referred to that particular

city or county government. So we have one hotline and the case will be transferred to

the local authority where social workers will start to look into the situation at the same

time, the police, the hospitals will also be informed.

You asked that in terms of the judicial involvement, right now, we have 22 cities and

counties and there is a child protection safety net including the police, prosecutors, social

workers or medical professionals, they are all members of the network and they actually

have a Line chat group, an online texting app, they have a group there. When they learn

about maltreatment of children, in that Line group, they will discuss what to do next.

Doctors in that Line group will first perform triage of the child’s injury or wounds so

that decision after examination will tell the social worker that it seems that the child has

been abused at home and then the police officer will then look into the situation of other

children in the same family. As for the prosecutor, they will initiate a criminal

investigation because this is a violence case. As for the social worker, they will provide

protective measures including placement, our security and safety plan. Therefore, we do

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have a comprehensive, concrete enforceable network in place. As for sexual violence

within home, within the family, according to our law, sexual violence is also considered

as domestic violence and therefore, criminal code provisions apply and the protective

order under the civil code can also be obtained so that the perpetrator can be removed

from the home first. Take the year 2021 for example, throughout the year, 7700 cases

have been reported and 63% of the victims are minors and 13% happened in home. And

in these sexual abuse cases, 15% of such child victims are removed from home while

the 85% still at home and apply for protective order from the court. And social workers

also have proposed safety plans for the child. For example, they would use some criteria

to assess whether the sexual violence is misunderstood in the home. Sometimes if you

remove the perpetrator, it doesn’t really help, rather the social worker can have family

meetings with all family members maybe the family members have misconceptions

about sexual violence and then the social worker can formulate a safety plan for the child.

And in practice, such families may have multiple problems, intimate relationship issues

or there are maybe emotional extortions. The perpetrator may not only inflict sexual

violence on the child but also on his or her partner. So the mother in the family is unable

to protect herself let alone her children in the family. In that case it’s not fit to have the

children stay in the family. The social worker will also assess whether there are enough

protective factors in the child’s case. If not, then the Civil Code protective order will be

obtained to keep the child at home and remove the perpetrator. So 85% of the time, it’s

the perpetrator that will be removed from home. So we do have the legal framework in

place to allow the social worker to make plans flexibly. As for special protection

measures for example, if we keep the child in home and then the medical resources, the

prosecutors, the police officers can go to the child to conduct interviews so we do have

a so-called one stop shop services. In other words, we try to prevent forcing the child

victim to get to the prosecutor’s office or the court or the police station to report what

has happened. For example, when the child is at the hospital, the social worker will go

to the hospital to gather evidence at the same time the prosecutor, the police officers will

also go to the hospital when the examination is carried out and necessary documentation

will also be carried out in the hospital in a child-friendly environment for all these

actions to take place. Also in the judicial system, the social worker will keep the child

victim all along the way to keep company along the way. The social worker will also

hear out the child’s ideas. For children under the age of 12, in the wake of sexual abuse,

they sometimes may forget what happens or if you ask them the same question

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 repeatedly, they may experience the secondary victimization therefore, we do have a

guideline to reduce repeated questioning and interviewing. So we do have the forensic

interviewer in place to help the prosecutor to interview the child making sure there are

no guided questions so that the evidence presented by the child will not be contaminated.

As for the statutes of limitation, recently in Taiwan, we have experts and NGOs

representatives beginning to advocate for the amendment. I think the Judicial Yuan and

the MOJ will be the competent authorities. I’m sure they will respond later. As for child

abuse well, we have spent a lot of time communicating with parents. We encourage

parents to engage in affirmative, positive child rearing practice. They should avoid using

negative disciplinary actions against their children. Throughout the nation, we have been

promoting such positive parenting skills. As for traumatized children at the hospital, the

police, the social worker, the prosecutor, we are now promoting the so-called trauma-

informed practice. We know that these children or their perpetrators may have been

exposed to past trauma or abuse. So we hope all the stakeholders will be aware of the

past trauma they may have experienced. So this is what the practitioners have been

promoting. As I mentioned there’s mandatory reporting. The report is made to the

Bureau of Social Affairs at the local government. And for psychological violence, it is

forbidden by the law insulting, degrading and so on are considered to be psychological

violence. As long as evidence can be provided, it will be addressed as a form of violence.

And I would stop here first. Thank you.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Okay. How about the effectiveness of helping children returning home? When you get

information about this, maybe you can provide it later. Okay. Next, maybe MOJ you can

talk about investigation and statute of limitations?

Representative Ministry of Justice（Department of Prosecutorial Affairs）:

Dear IRC members, distinguished guests, ladies, and gentlemen, I am from the

Department of Prosecutorial Affairs from MOJ. I think my colleague from Ministry of

Health and Welfare had provided lots of details. Let me add by saying that early

intervention for a major child-related cases and if in a hospital, the doctor said, “The

nurses suspect that this is a significant child abuse case.” Then they will report the case,

make a report to the local authorities and the police procedures will be launched as well.

The police that will report to the district prosecutor’s office and we have the prosecutors

who specialized in children and women’s affairs on sexual abuse or sexual assault cases,

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 we have such dedicated prosecutors at each district prosecutors’ offices. And they take

shifts day by day so when the police officers are notified of such a case, they report to

the prosecutors, the prosecutors will initiate the investigation, the prosecutors will

contact the hospitals to get their evidence. For one, I think that’s the process of early

intervention in significant child abuse case. It was also asked whether or not we can

remove the perpetrator from the home. If the evidence is sufficient and all the elements

are met then we ask for detention of the perpetrator so these suspects with a court order

will be detained in the detention center in the court. Of course, the prerequisite is that

there is enough evidence and then their offense is serious enough to be detained. And on

reporting of sexual violence, again, for major cases, we have prosecutors on shift to

initiate immediate investigation into major cases and as mentioned by our colleague, we

have the one-stop service model. Sometimes we need to double check with the children

for more details. In such a case, we have a conversation room in the prosecutor’s office.

It’s different from the investigation court. Investigation court looks like just a normal

court, but at every prosecutor’s office now there are at least one or two rooms that are

more comfortable. So there is a bench which is taller, usually prosecutors and victims

can sit at the same level in such rooms. It looks like a living room. We may put some

toys or stuffed animals in it so that when the person who is going to be interviewed is a

child and he or she is tired, they can go ahead and play with the stuffed animals or the

toys to relax a bit. So this is the design of these dedicated rooms. As for the statute of

limitations, well, there happened to be some cases that stirred these conversations, so

some legislators have proposed amendments to our law referring to some international

laws. Our ministry is also discussing internally as to how to amend the law. Thank you.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Thank you. Ministry of Education on Witness Children or Children Witness.

Representative from Ministry of Education:

Okay. For students who witnessed domestic violence, well, the Domestic Violence

Prevention Centers in different cities check the cases and issue a notification to the

schools. The schools will launch meetings and ask the teachers of the students and the

counselors to discuss this case specifically. There are several principles to abide by. First,

confidentiality so that this child will not be labeled or stigmatized and their privacy can

be protected. Second principle, provide a caring and loving environment for the children

and help them to build positive relations with teachers and peers. Also make sure that

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 they attend school on a regular basis. As for their psychological trauma, the school will

evaluate how much counseling the child requires. After the school meeting, within 30

days they have to report the results of their solutions back to the domestic violence

prevention center. If this child is seriously traumatized and needs more expertise then

they will transfer this case to a specialized center in order to provide professional

counseling for the child. Okay. Thank you.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

I think Professor Vuckovic also asked about how the hotline “will” be distributed. It’s

not will, it has to.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

And on the hotline is that for reporting violence against children or is it a hotline for

everybody who needs help? So all kinds of issues can be reported, meaning that you

have to have staff with a variety of qualifications and knowledge of certain problems.

It’s perhaps difficult... different if somebody reports on a traffic accident at which he lost

one of the children or one of the parents. That’s all what he can report, parents can report

on suicide and that kind of thing. Okay.

Representative from Ministry of Health and Welfare（Department of Protective

Services）:

Thank you for your question. Let me respond to the question on the Hotline 113. When

it was created, it was considered to be a contact. It’s one phone number with three

services. What three services? First, child protection service. Second, domestic violence

and third, sexual assault. Now there are more services for example, digital-based sexual

violence, it is related to sexual or some issues related to children’s right or women’s right

can also be reported. Some people call in not report but they need counseling. They don’t

know who to call. So they call 113 first. That’s possible too. One of the questions was

about helping children to return to the society or to be integrated back to the society,

well, in the major child abuse case, if the social workers evaluate this family and find

out that this family is not fit for the children, then this child requires protective

placements. In protective placements, a process or planning process will start to help the

children to return to home one day. So the social workers will help address the trauma

of the child, provide a stable life environment for the children and also help the family

to be improved. If the situation of the family improves then we talk to the children and

the primary caregivers and the parents as well in order to launch a progressive process

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 for the child to return home. For example, they can start by meeting each other on a

regular basis and the social workers will listen to the opinions of the child and then one

day the child may return home fully. However, in many cases, it’s not possible for the

child to return home, the family is so dysfunctional even after one year or two years

counseling. In this kind of case, we need to provide a long-term counseling plan for the

child. The plan includes deep conversations with the child as to where they want to go

next, do they want to stay in the institution? Do they want to become independent? Go

back to the community and have the independent life? Or considering their best interest

of his or her they want to change their guardian through legal proceedings or they want

to be adopted by other families that is to change their legal identity or status. After

conversations with the child, if the child decided to go back to the community, then we

help them become independent. This is a program. By then, the government needs to

support them with their medical needs, their residential needs, education needs, careers

and adapt to their new life. All of these require specialized help from the social workers.

We did a research and we know that with our efforts, many children after they go through

this program to regain their independence, they feel they are nourished so they go to

universities, study in social work and become social workers and they return to the

system to help other children as a way to pay back to the society. Thank you.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

The mic is not working. It’s working. You gave an example of integration and how the

victim ultimately was let’s say quote and quote successful in their life, in career and

university and so on and so forth, but let me elaborate on that example, that woman by

now, was sexually abused by a family member when she was five. She has now

completed university study and finally talks about that particular experience event 20

years ago. And now the question, because I need a clear answer on the statute of

limitation, that woman goes to the police and reports that particular case and the police

tells her well, that’s a... very sorry, but we are not going prosecute it because you had to

be done that in 15 years after the offense was committed. So the question is are you

going to change the statute of limitation or is there no limitation in reporting sexual

abuse and other violence and will it be prosecuted any time you report it as a victim?

That’s the question.

Representative from Ministry of Justice（Department of Prosecutorial Affairs）:

So I come from the Department of Prosecutorial Affairs MOJ, so based on our

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 knowledge, Taiwan recently has seen some cases and our parliament is also proposing

some amendments drawing lessons from the German legislation. So within our ministry

we are also discussing this matter, because this means we need to review all the laws

involving sexual crime. So in the Sexual Exploitation Prevention for Children and Youth

Act as well as the Criminal Code, all laws and regulations touching upon sex crime will

need to be reviewed. So we are working on it.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Are there further questions on violence? No further questions of violence. I was waiting

for something to happen since we were supposed to have a break at three o’clock.

Nothing happens. Let’s have a break. I don’t know why that was in the program, it was

specifically mentioned there, but anyway let’s have a break for 15 minutes and we start

again at 3:30 and then we continue with basic health or with family environment and

alternative care. Okay. 15 minutes, get some coffee or relax anyway.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Back in the room, I saw that you all had coffee and some nice things to chew on, but we

are now going to chew on more difficult issues in the context of the Convention on the

Rights of the Child. And I will give the floor to Dr. Cantwell to introduce the question

on the Chapter on Family Environment and Alternative Care. You have the floor.

Nigel Cantwell:

Thank you. I’m gonna concentrate effectively on the issue of alternative care. As we say

every time, thank you for all the information that we received in the report and in the

responses to the list of issues and for being here to answer our questions today. This

morning, the representative of Ministry of Health and Welfare mentioned that the

Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children were the reference based for reviewing

legislation on this issue and that of course is an excellent piece of news. And we welcome

very much the attention to the principles set out in the Guidelines when you are

reviewing both legislation and policy in this area. One of the aspects... one of the many

aspects of the Guidelines in relation to alternative care is the emphasis that is placed on

family-based care options as opposed to residential care without denying that residential

care has a role to play nonetheless the development of family-based alternative care is

the main target if you wish of policy in this sphere. I would like first of all to understand

better how you see the constraints or the obstacles if you like, to enhance the role of

kinship care and foster care in Taiwan. I know that efforts have been made to in particular

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in relation to foster care in order to increase the number of foster families and to therefore

use...make better use of or more use of that option, but I also know that there are

problems related to the development of this option and I would like to know if you feel

that the obstacles in place are more related to a lack of willingness in general to provide

care as a kinship carer or a foster carer or whether it is more related to for example,

financial or other support that is considered to be inadequate for kinship carers and or

foster carers? So in other words, if more financial support and perhaps more support in

carrying out their duties in general, if that was made available do you think that would

be the key issue to address or is it a question of addressing attitudes towards that role in

general regardless of the financial and other support that might be made available? So

that’s my first question.

The second is the issue of children with disabilities or alternative care for children with

disabilities, again, we talked about this five years ago, but it seems that from information

available that children with disabilities still find it difficult to access family-based care

including domestic adoption that very much so. I mean, the proportion apparently of the

children with disabilities among domestic adoptees is extraordinarily small and of

course it is the majority of the children being placed with foreign adoptive parents. So

within Taiwan, what further efforts have been made and could be made in relation to

finding family-based alternative care for children with disabilities?

Thirdly, I’d like to understand better the approach in Taiwan to small group homes. On

a general level, let’s say on a global level, small group homes are preferred to larger

residential facilities. So when you’re looking for an alternative care option for a child,

you first look obviously at family-based care, the possibilities for family-based care, the

kinship care or foster care and then you look at if neither of those either available or

suitable for that particular child you then look for a small residential setting, which may

be as close to family-like atmosphere as possible and then if that is not available or

suitable for a particular child, you may look then at the possibilities of larger residential

facilities. The exception would be that if a child or that there may be small group homes

dealing with specific issues for example, children with disabilities not necessarily the

best solution, but nonetheless looking of a small group homes that focus on children

with specific needs, but that’s the exception the rule, the general policy is to look first at

small group homes before looking at larger residential facilities. In Taiwan, it seems that

it’s reverse that you look first at placement in a larger facility and then if you decide that

the child is not suitable for being cared for in a larger facility then you look at placement

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in a small group home and this is quite surprising I mean, it may well have a very logical

base, but it’s quite a surprising solution for someone such as I who looks at alternative

care worldwide. So I really like to understand better or understand completely what’s

behind this approach. Why do small group homes seem to be the ultimate option as

opposed to being an option prior to looking at larger facilities?

My next question concerns the private sector, the role of the private sector in providing

residential care. It’s extremely interesting, this morning, again, a representative of

Ministry of Health and Welfare who mentioned the problem of the best interest of the

child being jeopardized when private facilities were fundraising and using children to

give performances in order to fund raise for that particular facility. That is kind of

symptomatic of some of the problems that can arise. But my focus is particularly on the

fact that the great majority of residential facilities in Taiwan as far as I can understand

are privately-run, and that the only facilities in Taiwan that received poor evaluation

reports I think is category CND in your system that only private facilities are represented

amongst those that receive very poor evaluation reports. If that’s the case, and it seems

that statistics show that this is of course extremely concerning, why would this be and

what can we do about it? So, the question would be precisely what is the cause of the

fact that the government-run facilities seem to all receive grade A excellent evaluation

reports? Is this because the government is monitoring its own institutions and giving

them good grades? Or is it really that the private institutions are providing poor services?

If it’s a question of the private facilities providing some and not an inconsequential

number of private facilities providing poor services, to what extent is this an issue of

poor licensing regulations or standards? To what extent is it a problem of inadequate

monitoring during the facilities operation? To what extent is it might it be due to

resources made available? The issue of resources has been brought up a number of times

in other information provided to the review committee. And it seems and I believe this

was the case also five years ago if my memory is correct, that private facilities receive

approximately 50% of the cost of caring for a child from the government and they find

the other 50% themselves. But I don’t know how they do that whether it’s through

fundraising efforts that may impart depend on child performances etc., but the problem

is obviously that if the government is providing 50% of the funding and yet it is the

government’s obligation to quote Article 20, “to ensure alternative care for children who

cannot be looked after by their family,” then the consequences of giving only or

providing only 50% of the cost of caring are considerable and numerous. One of them

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may be obviously that if the facility itself cannot or does not manage to raise sufficient

funds over a given year, even if it’s a temporary blip in the landscape, but it probably

won’t be, then what happens? Does the quality of care provided by that facility

automatically drop? Do the numbers that that facility can look after drop, what are the

consequences of that system? And also what are the consequences in terms of the quality

of the staff that can be recruited because of limited financial resources? What about their

retention? I mean, one of the major, this is not a Taiwanese problem, it’s a worldwide

problem, one of the major obstacles to the provision of quality care in a residential

setting in particular is that qualified staff cannot be retained because they are working

under both financial conditions and just general working conditions that are just too

unfavorable and they are unable to make ends meet or to feel satisfied with the work that

they are able to carry out. Very often because their numbers are insufficient to provide

the kind of service that they would like to provide to the children in their care. So those

are my questions in relation to the private sector and the government implication in care

provided by the private sector I mean, these are my additional questions, I think the

concern already about the evaluation, the licensing and evaluation of the numerous

private facilities that’s pretty much established, but I had those specific questions in

addition.

My final question on alternative care as such is the question, the phony question of

deinstitutionalization. It’s quite clear that the majority, the large majority of the children

in alternative care are being looked after in residential facilities and I haven’t visited a

residential facility and I wish I had before coming back into this review committee. I

haven’t visited a residential facility in Taiwan so I am depending on information

provided to the committee by various sources, hopefully credible, and so I don’t know

to what extent these facilities would fall under the term institution, because we don’t use

institution as an equivalent of residential care. Residential care includes institutions,

large let’s say, impersonal facilities and of course residential care can’t take other forms

such as precisely small group homes. So in terms of the need for deinstitutionalization

of this system of alternative care, I’m not sure to what extent it exists. I mean, it

obviously exists and from the information that we received it looks as though the

residential care system is largely institutional in nature. So on the hypothesis that

deinstitutionalization would be an appropriate path to follow in alternative care policy.

I note that there is I think some hesitation to develop a fully-fledged

deinstitutionalization strategy in Taiwan that may well be understandable for different

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reasons, historical and other, but I definitely get the feeling that this is... that there’s a

hesitation that there is not a conviction. There is no conviction in Taiwan that

deinstitutionalization is a necessary process to go through in terms of alternative care

provision. So I’d very much like to hear from the responsible authorities on that issue.

Are they convinced that this would be a good path to go down? Do they have questions

about it? Perfectly valid. Or do they have questions about it? What are those questions

if so? And what otherwise is holding up the development of a full-targeted tailored to

Taiwan, tailored to its realities? What are the obstacles to the development of such a

strategy to deinstitutionalize the alternative care system?

So those are the additional questions that I wanted to pose on alternative care and I just

wanted to make a couple of remarks on adoption. I’m not going to ask more questions

on intercountry adoption. We did deal with that to a considerable degree in 2017. I will

mention nonetheless that I was quite intrigued that the Netherlands having gone through

a process of suspending all intercountry adoptions because of concerns about the

adoption process from countries of origin in general. Have just decided to restart

intercountry adoptions from six countries one of which is Taiwan. This is quite...this is

all the more intriguing and of course Taiwan cannot be a party to the Hague Convention

on Intercountry Adoption and for most receiving countries now that is the basic criteria

and if you’re not a party to the Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption, you don’t

have your children adopted in a country that is a party. And since the Netherlands has

gone through this major overhaul if you like of the intercountry adoption program, the

fact that Taiwan has come out among the six countries from which intercountry adoption

can take place to the Netherlands is quite significant. So that’s part of the reason that I’m

not going to ask for further information on intercountry adoption as such. But I do want

to take up again the issue of domestic adoption and in particular once again, to ask the

concerned authorities what they feel is the future of domestic adoption in Taiwan in

particular but not only for children with disabilities, again, Taiwan is by no means alone

in the world as being a country for whom the need to find adoptive families abroad for

children with disabilities seems to be ongoing. But the concern is always that the best

interest of the child might be better served by enabling that child to remain in his or her

culture and not have to be moved halfway across the world in order to find the protection

that he or she needs and to which he or she has the right. So the concerns... There seems

to be little encouragement of domestic adoption in Taiwan, that the promotion of

domestic adoption as a solution for children with disabilities does not seem to be bearing

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 fruit if it’s taking place. And one of the worries expressed to us is the lack of support for

domestic adopters who may wish in particular to or who may be willing in particular to

care for a child with disabilities. So is there effectively a push on the part of the

government to develop further domestic adoption of children in general and children

with special needs, children with disabilities in particular? Thank you. I think the

questions were clear even if the presentation was quite long. Thank you for your patience

and I look forward to your responses.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Thank you, Nigel, for all the questions, very important questions that need clear answers

and I hope they will get that. Sir, you have the floor.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

First of all, on behalf of the Executive Yuan, I will address the issue of

deinstitutionalization and some relevant ideas proposed by Nigel. I agree with what you

said and we are definitely working toward that direction. On deinstitutionalization, when

we deal with people with disabilities, the elderly population, people with mental

disorders we’re working on deinstitutionalization. Secondly, I think kinship care should

take precedence when it’s not available, we move on to group homes. And then if that’s

not available either, we move on to residential facilities. And these three-staged

approaches are something we agree completely on and we are working on that too, but

we have to admit there are difficulties. For example, residential care, traditionally, was

provided for children with disabilities by foreign missionaries in Taiwan and they

provided such institutional care for children with special needs. We have been inspired

by the examples they set and the quality of care they provided was also exemplary. So

these are lessons we can draw from our history. As a result, many private institutions

tried to emulate that and is it because of this that we are not so motivated to promote

kinship care and foster care? We are not sure if the linkage is there, but we are aware

that it’s necessary to promote and encourage more kinship care in group homes. These

new types of alternative care should be widely encouraged. More resources should be

made available to them as well so that we can be in line with the international trend or

best practices globally. So policy-wise, yes, we agree with your proposal. As for the

practice, I will ask Ministry of Health and Welfare to respond.

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Representative from Ministry of Health and Welfare（Social and Family Affairs

Administration）:

Alternative care. I think you know that we have a Policy for the Alternative Care of

Children in Taiwan, because according to the Concluding Observations on the initial

national report, the review committee recommends that the government should review

the situation of current alternative care and allocate resources in providing the most

appropriate placement of children in need of alternative care and in conformity with the

UN Guideline. Therefore, in 2019, the government has established a task force with

representatives from local government, academics, NGOs and the practice experts and

after multiple discussions and consultations, the Policy for the Alternative Care of

Children in Taiwan was finally accomplished in 2021 and approved by Executive Yuan

Child’s Welfare and Right Promotion Group at the end of the year. And the Policy has

also gotten fundings more than 2.2 billion from the Programs of Strengthening the Social

Safety Net phase 2 during the year of 2022 to 2025. So I would very much appreciate it

if I can answer your question in the context of our policy of alternative care. And before

we drafted the Policy, we reviewed the current situation and the policy and we found

that over half of the children out-of-home care were under institutional care. And the

reasons are because of lack of supportive services for kinship care. The number of the

children in out-of-home care and I will abbreviate it as OOHC afterwards. The number

of children in OOHC entered into kinship care was still low. In addition to the

insufficient funds for placement, it was hard to find a suitable relative to take care of the

child. The factor influencing the willingness of the relatives included limited assistance

on familiarity with the role of caregiver. All the lack of ability with the children and

insufficient support and interference with family life and the most important is the

decline in their energy with aging. Most of the kinship caregivers were older, not well-

educated and in poor financial conditions. Though kinship care should take precedence

over other placement options, the proportions of OOHC is still the lowest. And the

second reason is the lack of capacity in foster care and the decrease of foster family

could be attributed to the challenges of care difficulties. On the one hand, over 30% of

the children in foster care were with abnormal health conditions, such as disease, injuries,

disabilities or behavior problems, but on the other hand, foster parents were relatives

older. Nearly 80% of foster fathers and 70% of foster mothers were over the age of 50.

Moreover, the foster care placement fees were insufficient to meet the needs of children

living and development. Comprehensive support services were still needed to sustain

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existing foster families and to recruit new ones. In terms of a group home, group home

now is not yet a statutory form of care. So that’s why from the Act, the priority is not

before the residential care. And the central government SFAA has started to push for a

group home pilot team for OOHC children with special needs since 2010, in which has

subsidized the NGOs to set up group homes for children with special needs or matchable

placements. However, because group homes were not a statutory form of care and

operational cost was too high, local governments were not willing to allocate funds for

developing group homes. In addition, the difficulties that hindered NGOs from

establishing group homes included taking care of children with special needs, lack of

access to the professional resources or proper premises for group homes and high

turnover rate of frontline caregivers. Moreover, group homes could provide family-like

care, the placements were extremely limited. As a result, most of the children in OOHC

were placed in residential institutions. And through this issue we have set a goal. Our

goal is the precedence must be given to the development and expansion of family-based

alternative care and the institutional care must be reviewed and adjusted to meet the

needs of children in OOHC. For the precedence must be given to the development and

expansion of family-based alternative care, our strategic and action plan is to support

kinship caregivers for providing stable and safe care. We will formulate work guidelines

for local governments and we will give the kinship caregiver the placement fee that

means the kinship caregivers could get fees like foster families if they care for those

children. And we also provide systemic education and training for kinship caregivers to

strengthen their care knowledge and skills and deliver accessible service by regular in-

home guidance and consultation according to their needs. And we also established

supportive groups for kinship caregivers to build peer support and enhance problem

solving skills through the exchange of experiences. And as to expand the service

capacity of the foster care, we are revising the work benchmark for foster care services

including the lift of restriction on the age of 65 for foster parents. The recruitment of

certified childcare providers as foster caregivers and additional professional allowances

given to such caregivers and the central government also require local governments to

amend their regulations for foster care in conformity with the above mentioned measures.

And we also encourage reserve foster families to offer respite services for the foster

parents with the OOHC child so that they could have a chance to take a rest and ease

their burden of care. And the respite service could also be provided to those vulnerable

children and their families especially for those who just return home from OOHC to

support the parents to be able to better care for children gradually. And we also provided

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 timely support services to new foster parents and implementing maintenance solutions

to enhance their family members’ recognition of foster care. Thus, the retention rate of

the foster families is able to be kept. And the government also developed pluralistic

support solutions for foster care and strengthening training for foster parents willing to

take care of children with special needs. And besides, we also encourage local

governments to set up group homes and we will amend the Protection of Child and

Youths Welfare and the Right Act and the enforcement rules of the PCYWRA to bring

the group home resources into the forms of statutory care. And formulating standards

for the setup of group homes while taking the operational flexibility and diversity into

account. And we will assist local governments in expanding the number of group homes

in collaboration with NGOs where local governments should provide social housing

resources for NGOs to set up group homes. The group homes should focus on building

the family-like attachment and emotional support between children and caregivers.

While the service model may be developed with flexibility and diversity depending on

the special needs of the children in OOHC, accordingly in order to enable the

development of group homes, the manpower of caregivers could cover professionals and

non-professionals. And the non-professionals who are probably the members of other

family such as couples, sisters or relatives and these non-professionals could be trained

as qualified caregivers after successfully completing certain training courses and local

government should conduct periodic visitation and guidance for group homes and

connect the necessary resources depending on the needs of the children in OOHC.

Besides, I want to clarify your questions about the alternative care option. Actually in

accordance with the provision of Article 10 of the enforcement rules of PCYWRA.

When placing children, the local government should abide by the following order. The

first one is the proper relatives, the kinship care. And the second is the significant others

of the child who have a long-term positive and stable attachment with the child. And the

third is the foster care qualified by the authorized agencies. And fourth is the placement

institutions permitted by competent authorities. So placement institutions are the last

resort. And if the group home becomes statutory forms of care, and the priority will

before the placement institutions.

Representative from Ministry of Health and Welfare（Social and Family Affairs

Administration）:

Okay. I’ll respond to the question on adoption. Yes, when it comes to adopting children

with disabilities it’s very challenging. In the Taiwanese society, we try to promote and

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 encourage Taiwanese people to take care of children with special needs so that there will

be a higher percentage of adoption. For these adoption families, we provide family

support services. Of course they will need respite services, subsidies, or other services.

We are promoting these services. In the future in our law, we would try to strengthen the

provision of such services. There are also evaluation criteria and matching agencies,

which are usually NGOs. We strengthen the matching services and we require the

matching agencies to try to increase adoption rate for children with disabilities. Of

course, ideally children should be able to stay in their original family. If they need

financial needs and require support, we want to help the family so that they can keep the

children so that they will not put the children up for adoption. When it comes to all the

adoption policies, we want to provide immediate support to the families so that they can

keep the children and only when the families become really dysfunctional, we will

consider alternative care. That’s our national policy.

Representative from Ministry of Health and Welfare（Social and Family Affairs

Administration）:

Why do the private placement institutions get the worst grade of evaluation? I think the

reasons are because their placement resources fail to meet the diverse needs of children.

It was hard for the children with special needs to adapt to the residential care of an

institution especially for ones with physical or mental disabilities. The second reason is

the child to staff ratio standards of placement institutions fail to meet the practical needs.

But that’s because according to the Article, the regulation of the standards for

establishing a children welfare institute, placement institutions have to meet the

requirement for child to staff ratios. For children with special needs, the child to

caregiver ratio is 4 to 1. But actually in practice, the average child to caregiver ratio was

2 to 1. And the lower ratio also reflected the challenges facing frontline workers of

placement institutions. And the third reason is the local governments placement fees

failed to reflect the caring cost and because fees could only meet the needs of the

children’s living and would not be sufficient to cover the personnel and operating cost

of the private placement institutions. And the periodical review and the ruling

adjustment of the individual care plan for children in the placement institution was not

fully implemented. And the current oversight mechanism varied in degree and failed to

ensure the service quality. And therefore... We have a goal that the institution’s care must

be reviewed and adjusted to meet the needs of children in OOHC. And the strategy and

action plans, the first is we will reinforce the expertise of the institutional caregivers and

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 the supportive resources for them. We will adjust the scale of placement institutions and

enhance the service quality. In the future, we will amend the standards for establishing

children welfare institutions to regulate the maximum number of approved places to

accommodate children for a placement institution and leading the institution to provide

care in a setting as close as possible to a family or small group situation. And for

placement institutions whose numbers of children accommodated last then the numbers

of approved places by the competent authorities. The central government will urge the

local government to guide the institutions to decrease the number of approved places so

as to vitalize the space released and enrich facilities and equipment to meet the needs

for the care of the children. And now, we develop short-term residential therapeutic

programs.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

I have a question. A question as far as I understood Dr. Cantwell. Private institutions get

much less financial support from the government than the state institutions. Is that a

correct assumption? That’s the question. The question is why you paying governmental

institutions much more than private are because, is there a reason you want to get them

closed? I’m just guessing whether there was a reason to give them that little money.

Representative from Ministry of Health and Welfare（Social and Family Affairs

Administration）:

Actually, most private institutions are set up by foundations and they can raise money

from the public, and apply for subsidies from the government.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Well, that’s an opinion. The fact is as much as the institutions that a government... Okay

50% off. So the answer is yes, they got less than governmental institutions. Now, the

next question, the kind of natural next question why is that and that they are linked to

foundations doesn’t seem to be a very convincing argument because they are depending

on charity foundations. The children in the private institutions should have the same

quality of care as in governmental institutions. And money should not be a reason to

give those children in private institutions less service and support. Anyway, the answer

is clear but I don’t know yet why, because the answers are linked to a foundation. The

governmental institutions are linked to a very powerful foundation and that's the

government of Taiwan.

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Representative from Ministry of Health and Welfare（Social and Family Affairs

Administration）:

Well, in fact, private institutions can also get funding for placements from local

governments and the central government also subsidizes these private institutions for

their manpower. And if they organize some activities, we also pay for the counseling

services of the children under their care. They can apply for funding and grants from the

central government. But not all private institutions would file grants from us.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

So I think the Chair’s question is if a child is placed in a public institution and another

is in a private institution, the resources provided by the government should be the same,

otherwise there’s a problem of inequality according to the CRC. I think that's the gist of

the question.

Representative from Ministry of Health and Welfare（Social and Family Affairs

Administration）:

Well, allow me to explain, no matter if it’s a private or public institution, the support

from the government or subsidies for the child is the same, it’s the same. Of course,

these institutions may say I need to raise funds or the foundation can provide more

resources. Basically that’s the internal management and operation of that foundation.

For the government part, the central or local government will provide the same amount

of resources for private as well as public institutions.

Nigel Cantwell:

…very tired by the end of the day. However, believe me I have just one specificity in

relation to what you said. You were talking about the staff to child ratio in residential

facilities and I didn’t... I want to see if I understood that in particular... In relation to

children with disabilities in residential facilities, the staff to child ratio that is required

is 1 to 4 and in practice it is 1 to 2? It is twice as good.

Representative from Ministry of Health and Welfare（Social and Family Affairs

Administration）:

Exactly. That is correct because at the institutions, we hire more caregivers because these

caregivers have to take shifts. They work in shifts. So for public and private institutions,

they do hire more caregivers to make sure there is sufficient manpower to work in

different shifts. As a result, the staff to child ratio is 1 to 2. Because we use the total

number of caregivers to do the calculation.

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Jakob Egbert Doek:

I think we are satisfied with all the answers to the many questions that were raised in the

context of Family Environment and in particular alternative care. Thank you very much

for your tireless efforts to answer the questions. We are at the last Chapter and that is on

Disabilities and Basic Health Care and the floor is for Dr. Tobin.

John Tobin:

Thank you so much for your extraordinary insights into very complex issues. The time

is now 4:40. I think we are supposed to end at five o’clock. So I imagine you are all

exhausted. What I would try and do is be very concise in my questions and perhaps if

we can’t end them today, we can respond perhaps tomorrow because I’m conscious of

asking you to listen and talk for a long period of time. So I will start quickly with the

issue of children with disabilities. A few quick observations, the materials indicate to us

that there are several gaps in issues concerning access to things like parks and recreation,

participation in sporting events, access to services, issues around inclusive education,

and concerns around shortages of staff. We understand though that there is clearly a plan

in place within the government to try and address these issues. A few quick questions in,

first, I’ve just been given the National Human Rights Action Plan. Can I commend you

on this document? I think it’s extraordinary. I will take it back to my own country and

tell my government that they should be doing what you are doing. That is an

endorsement of your commitment to human rights across the fields. It’s very impressive.

But one observation is that when it comes to issues around people with disabilities page

77 onwards, there are some identified priority areas but there is no mention of children.

I highlighted that because there is often a risk that in human rights plans we tend to

forget about marginalized groups not to say that’s happened here, but I just want to flag

that.

The second point then is a question for you in terms of that plan you have, how would

you go about incorporating the views of children with disabilities into your action plan?

It’s a very difficult area to undertake, but it’s essential if we are to adopt a genuine rights-

based approach to addressing these issues. The second observation is that, I note in the

Action Plans that are identified at children are actually not mentioned specifically again,

that maybe because there’s a separate plan, but I just want to identify that as an issue of

concern. The third point and a question is all of these will take an allocation of sufficient

significant resources, so my question is has the government committed those resources

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to ensure and realize this Action Plan for all people with disability, but in our case

particularly children with a disability. And my colleague, Professor Lundy will talk

tomorrow about specific issues concerning issues around access to education for

children with disabilities. That’s my first set of questions.

Second set of questions relates to the issue of COVID-19. A very discreet question is

there any commitment to undertaking our review as to the impact of COVID-19 on

children and the government response to the pandemic to ensure that if and sadly when

another pandemic arises, we have learnt lessons about how best to minimize the impact

on children and minimize obviously the rates of infection. That’s really a question about

reviewing the impact of COVID-19.

Third question is the broader question of healthcare services. I note again that healthcare

is not identified in the National Human Rights Action Plans so I’m curious to know why

that is the case. There is presumably a good explanation, but we’ve noticed in the

materials there are gaps again in issues around access to healthcare services particularly

in rural communities amongst indigenous students, children with disabilities and

particularly in the area of mental health. So it’s just a question mark about why it wasn’t

included. The second point clearly, you have a very advanced and developed healthcare

system. There are gaps so I have a question. Is there a commitment by the government

to allocate the necessary resources to address those gaps over time?

Then some specific issues relating to children’s health. Number one, concern mental

health. I raise this because in my own country, we neglected mental health of young

people for a long time and that had serious impacts on them including a high-suicide

rate. We’ve now recognized that was not the most appropriate measure and we have

dedicated significant resources to try and address that deficit. In reading the materials,

you have mental health services, but they are not always sufficient to address the needs

of children and so some of the data talks about for example, children who have harmed

themselves in some cases only one-third having access to counseling. So my question is

what measures are being done to review and ensure the progressive implementation of

an effective mental health service that is appropriate for young people? Bearing in mind

that is not a short-term plan. It will take time, but it’s obviously essential. That is in

linked to the issue of suicide which still remains too high I think we all agree. I noticed

that the Human Rights Action Plan says on page 18 that this issue we should prioritize.

My question is how and again, is there a commitment to allocate adequate resources,

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 financial research personnel to ensure we fully understand the reasons why children are

taking their lives and presumably also causing self-harm short of taking their lives in

many circumstances and how we help them?

Three last questions which are more discreet. The issue of obesity still remains at around

30%, far better than my own country or it’s 45 to 50%, but it’s still presumably too high.

I note there was a pilot undertaking to try and reduce obesity. My question for you is

will there be an attempt to obviously expand the findings on this pilot to provide greater

measures to address childhood obesity and overweight in years to come.

The last two questions; one concerns issues of trans youth so children seeking to

transition to affirm their identity from male to female or female to male. I noticed in the

National Human Rights Action Plan at page 92 that there is a commitment to support

transgender people but there’s no mention of trans youth. So I’m curious to know

whether there’s an awareness of the discreet needs of young people seeking to undertake

transgender medical services. It’s actually surgical intervention but certainly having

access to things like puberty blockers or hormone treatment prior to turning 18.

Last question is around the issue of access to an abortion and I note again in the materials

it suggest that certainly young girls can have access to an abortion, but it appeared on

my reading that that was only when there was parental consent. I want to clarify whether

in fact a young girl who is medically competent can decide to terminate her pregnancy

on her own volition in circumstances where perhaps a parent or some other person a

guardian, if they are in care has a different view about what their child should be doing

as well. That’s what I think is sufficient for this afternoon.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Thank you. Sir, you have the floor.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Please, be concise in your responses so that we can get off the class on time. MOE?

Representative from Ministry of Education:

This is MOE. On why the National Human Rights Action Plan doesn’t touch upon a lot

of children with disabilities. When a certain Action Plan was advised, I think there was

a comprehensive consideration for children. There is some planning for people with

disabilities. There is some planning, maybe when it comes to education for children with

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 disabilities, it is not touched upon because our ministry is trying to amend the Special

Education Act. We’re trying to devise plans for inclusive education under CRPD and

that’s why this national Action Plan doesn’t really touch upon it and I think we can

provide you with information on the amendment to the Special Education Act and on

inclusive education if needed. Next, COVID-19 and its impact on children. Some

preventive measures making it impossible for children to go to school. It leads to some

challenges in learning and caring for children. We provide some support for online

learning; hardware, software and sim cards, digital learning guidance and so on are

provided to students. Due to COVID-19, some students are emotionally unstable so we

created a remote counseling guidance so that counselors in schools can rely on this

guidance and provide counseling in a more flexible way during COVID-19. Next, on

suicide among children, yes, there are many factors. It’s a very complicated issue, the

cause includes mental illness, family factor, the pressure from academic performance

and so on. In Taiwan, MOE and MOHW integrated their resources in order to provide

counseling. In preventing suicide, we amend the work plan our three-year work plan to

prevent suicide. We integrate it with live education in order to increase protective factors

and reduce suicide rate. As for obesity, at the different levels of education, we provide

physical check-up for students to follow up with their physical height or weight so that

they don’t become obese. Schools have health promotion plans as well to help children

to have reasonable height and weight, to provide them with more physical activities so

that obese students can through exercise lower their weight. Thank you.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Next, I think MOHW will be responsible for several questions on health.

Representative from Ministry of Health and Welfare（Department of Mental Health）:

Excuse me. This is the Department of Mental Health. I want to briefly talk about mental

health. MOE has said that there are some preventive measures for suicides so we work

with MOE on this regard. As for psychological support, we continue to input more

resources. You asked about how we can ensure that children know how to access the

resources and if we have enough resources? Well, we have a 1952 hotline that students

can call. And starting from this year, we hope that we can add the online services.

Students can use text to communicate with us. We want to have more psychological help

centers. We think there should be one psychological center for a certain portion of the

population so that this center is more accessible. We hope the local government can

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 create more locations to provide quality mental health services. There are 381 of these

kinds of centers. We want the Bureau of Health to work with schools so that the resources

can be linked and they can take stock of the psychological education resources. The

resources are made available to educational institutions and maybe you asked about

whether we analyze the causes of suicide. We collect the report, the data, we perform

demographic analysis on the ways of suicide, the causes of suicide. We are also now

trying to link different systems. For example, the MOE system on dropout students so

that we have better understanding of the reasons or the risk factors for children’s suicide.

So these are all the missions that are ongoing.

Representative from Ministry of Health and Welfare（Health Promotion

Administration）:

This is from Health Promotion Administration. I want to respond to two of your

questions. The first question is preventing obesity. In 2018, Health Promotion

Administration launched a strategy to fight against obesity. There are ways such as

exercise and diet and change of literacy. In 2021, we issued a manual guidance for

schools and clinics and hospitals in order to prevent children obesity. As MOE said

health promotion administration and MOE started our program very early from

elementary school we through checkups, follow up with height and weight of the

children within schools regard this as a very important part of their work and MOE

mentioned exercise, diet, yes, these are our focus as well so that schools provide healthy

meals and forbid drinks with a lot of sugar from entering the schools. You also asked

about abortion. According to the Genetic Health Act, if minors need abortions, yes, their

statutory agents need to give consent to the abortion. According to the Genetic Health

Act, that’s the requirement. But in order to protect their right to health, we are discussing

how we can amend the law so that during pregnancy or during abortion teenagers, the

young people will have more rights to their own health. Thank you.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Okay. The next question on medical resources or the lack of medical resources in rural

areas.

Representative from Ministry of Health and Welfare（National Health Insurance

Administration）:

Thank you for your question. This is National Health Administration. Why are medical

services not included in the Human Rights Action Plan? Well, the main reason is that

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 Universal Health is a regular system in Taiwan already, so in rural areas for indigenous

or children population, universal health will have more and more plans. We will also

change the reimbursement rules so that it favors children or indigenous community.

They have less resources indeed, so through programs we want to inject more resources.

For example, the doctors can go touring different areas so that medical services can still

be delivered in rural areas.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group :

Thank you. Department of Social Assistance and Social Work?

Representative from Ministry of Health and Welfare（Department of Social Assistance

and Social Work）:

I want to respond to the question on COVID-19 and the support we provide to children.

I want to talk about how we provide economic support to families and children. Due to

COVID-19, we are concerned that some economically vulnerable families are gravely

impacted so we encouraged local governments to provide food bank services, social

workers resources are dedicated to people who need them. In Taiwan, there are 236 food

warehouses or locations where vulnerable families can get food with the vouchers. We

also have a hotline 1957. This is a counseling hotline and people can call to understand

how they can be supported if they need economic support or other support during the

pandemic and if families really need help we can include them in the social safety net,

too. And quarantine preventive measures for COVID-19 have been in place, if adults are

not able to go to work because they have to quarantine, they are not paid, we subsidized

them with 1,000 NT every day. So if this family has elementary school students or

children in high school whose caregivers are people with disabilities then we provide

such subsidies as well.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Okay. Next question on transgender teenagers or transgender young people. Who’s

going to respond to that question? Anyone? Well, if this agency is not here, maybe later

on you can provide written information to the committee. How’s that?

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Well, Dr. Tobin just told me that he is really impressed by your answers and that means

that he gives up to ask more questions and also we are on time and I think I can close

this day of a rather intense process of questions and answers and we got a lot of answers

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 and very concise sometimes, but also elaborate and we have a lot of additional

information that we will certainly take into account when we go into drafting Concluding

Observations. So thank you very very much for all your inputs today and all your efforts

to give clear answers and efforts that have been successful. And we will resume our

meeting tomorrow at 9 o’clock for Chapters 8, 9 and 10. Those are the last three and we

hope that we can complete that round of questions and answers by noon tomorrow and

for that we need your efforts as well and we will try to be moderate in our questions. So

thank you very much again. Have a good evening. Enjoy and relax and be back

tomorrow in optimal shape and well-rested. Okay, thank you very much.

Emcee:

This is the end of today’s session. Before you leave please take your belongings and

return the headset. Also to remind you that national reports attachments are provided on

the desk. Feel free to take a copy. If you need to submit extra information to the IRC,

please upload it to the cloud storage of the secretariat by tomorrow noon. Thank you

very much. We will start at 9am in the morning. See you tomorrow.

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（三） 審查 CRC 第二次國家報告（第八章-第十章）

簡要紀錄

【第八章-教育休閒與文化活動】

1. Laura Lundy 委員：

（1）有關幼兒園部分，公辦民營的機構如何確保幼教老師受過良好訓練，可

以提供良好的教育？幼保教師與學生比例？幼兒園的兒少年齡為何？

教育部代表：非營利幼兒園或準公共幼兒園學生是 2 歲至 6 歲，幼保教師

與學生比例目前是 1：15，2 歲專班是幼幼班，則是 1：8。教保人力基本

上他們要符合學前教育師資資格才能進入幼兒園服務，本部會另外補助

幼教教保人員每年研習，包括 CRC 研習。

（2）有關中小學教育，兒少指出許多學校忽略 108 課綱，依然重視數學、國

文，並且借調其他課程，兒少告訴我們，督察來到學校，學校會提前知

道，老師會請兒少假裝一切正常。這些督察是否有機會跟兒少溝通？另

外也看到以考試教育為主的狀況，請問有什麼措施改進。

⚫ 教育部代表：新課綱實施後，兒少然覺課業壓力過大，這部分本部持

續宣導落實適性揚才教育理想，在 109 年，新課綱實施隔年，特別用

公文去宣達高級中等學校在評定學生成就跟學校辦學表現時，應肯認

學生多元表現成果。持續強調教育不能只看單一紙筆測驗成績，應發

掘學生多元成就，鼓勵學生發展不同專長，尊重學生意願。透過媒體

宣導學生故事，例如今年有一位高中畢業女學生，選擇水手考試，沒

有參加大學入學統測，高中畢業已取得水手大副，到世界各地去航

海，透過故事引述，鼓勵學生追求理想，社會文化無法立即改變，但

政府非常努力在宣達。教學正常化部分，借課違反本部教學正常化規

定，可能某些縣市在督學要到校時會事先得到消息，預作準備，這是

以往狀況，但本部已在今年組成教學正常化訪視委員，特別強調到學

校訪視須採取保密行動。透過行政督導，對確實查有違反教學正常化

的學校，依成績考核辦法給予校長跟學校師長處分。

⚫ 教育部代表：補充說明，考試影響教學確實是長久以來的現象，新課

綱 2014 年總綱公布，2019 年各領域課綱正式實施，為推動新課綱，

分四大領域改革，課程與教學、設備補足、各級學校師資培訓、考招

連動。我們擔心課綱雖為全人想法，可是老師如果沒有跟著改變，考

試制度依照過去都是在知識層面的話，是沒有辦法影響教室裡的教學，

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 所以從國中升高中，高中升大學這兩次重大升學考試命題內容，強調

要跟素養導向的教學一致，也就是說這些題目的內容不是只有知識層

面，而是從日常生活甚至跨領域選才來編這些題目，學生在回答時要

靈活運用在課堂上學習知識解答，甚至教師資格考試內容也是素養導

向的題目。

（3）校園內，兒少擔心精神、身體暴力，教育相關法令是否有禁止教師精神

暴力、口頭霸凌？有時教師藉由懲戒之名，對兒少實施精神暴力及口頭

霸凌，有多少教師因此被解聘？如教師有重大不良行為，如虐待兒少，

是否應該失去教師資格？有無相關作法？

教育部代表：學生體罰跟霸凌部分，2019 年《教師法》修法，針對學生

施以體罰、霸凌，導致學生身心嚴重傷害的老師，依行為樣態給予不同

懲處，可能會被解聘、不續聘或是停聘等處分。若情節輕微，就是解聘

一年到四年，或是停聘半年以上、一年等，或依成績考核辦法予以處

分。體罰或霸凌不只限於身體，倘老師對學生有不當對待，或確實證明

他是因為在言語或是不當管教措施造成學生身心受害，會依規定予以懲

處，解聘人數會後再提供。

（4）私立學校面臨的規範是否有不同？

教育部代表：私立學校與公立學校一樣，須依《教師法》跟相關輔導管

教注意事項處理。

（5）針對特殊教育的預算與資源，如何規劃、增加，以便滿足有特教需求的

兒少？有特教需求的學生占全體學生有多少？

教育部代表：《特殊教育法》係用法律位階明確確保特教資源，特教資源

在中央部會必須要占當年度整體教育經費的 4.5%，我們要求地方政府要

在當年度預算要達 5%。全國特教學生大概是 15 萬 7,836 人，全國學生

421 萬 1,731 人，比例為 3.7%。

（6）有關休閒與文化活動，我強烈感受到兒少無法享受休閒與文化權利，兒

少表示非常累，例如補習班的文化，雖是私立機構，但政府仍有責任保

障兒少有休息權利，政府如何規範補習班？

教育部代表：兒少待在補習班時間過長，最主要是其實家長對於孩子期

待其實是很高的，我們想要改變家長重視學習升學部分，本部委託製作

兒童人權公約家庭親職學習媒材，內容包括兒少遊戲、休閒時間對兒少

學習發展跟身心健康影響，請各地方政府家庭教育中心向家長說明。學

生在校學習時間，國小一、二年級大概是 22 節到 24 節，國小三、四年級

會是 28 節到 31 節，五、六年級大概是 33 節到 35 節，每節上課時間是 40

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 分鐘；高中的話大概是 35 節，每節 50 分鐘，基本上什麼時間到校或什麼

時間下課，尊重地方主管機關規定，一般來講，偏鄉由於家長可能要帶

小孩到校後上班，所以他們到校時間會稍微較早，但放學時間一般來講

差不多是到 4 點或 4 點半；如果是低年級，有些日期會是半天時間。高中

部分，上學時間原則是 8 點到 8 點 10 分，下課規定不得晚於 5 點半，如

果加上課業輔導，最近為了讓學生有更充分的睡眠時間，訂定高級中等

學校學生作息注意事項，希望學校共同集會時間每周不得多於一天，其

他四天，只要在第一節上課抵達即可。

（7）在設計友善兒童城市或空間時，是否有兒少參與？讓他們自己設計遊

戲、遊玩的空間？如何邀請兒少參與都市規劃過程？臺灣目前有這樣的

作法嗎？

（未有答復，會後補充）

（8）兒少學習少數或原住民語言，參加原住民族語言考試學生很少，原住民

學生參加考試可能被污名化，是否有徵詢過原住民學生需要什麼教育與

休閒文化方面的支持？

⚫ 教育部代表：本部正與原民會共同研擬原住民升學相關保障，釐清相

關原住民升學權益，確保他們升學名額會用外加方式處理，不影響其

他學生權益，也會採取加分制度，他們升學方式不是只有考試，我們

也採多元入學方式。語言學習部分，會持續與學生對話跟溝通，在

《國家語言法》對於原住民語言保障也是國家重點政策，會持續溝通

來設計相關考試制度。

⚫ 原住民族委員會代表：原住民族語認證現在是 5 級認證，從 108 年到

今年，包括今年的年底報考人數來看，早期大概是高中以上的族人會

願意來報考認證，但我們發現這幾年，國小甚至幼兒園都願意來參加

我們族語認證，認同族語年齡階級是越來越小的。 《原住民族教育法》

修正後，其精神叫全民原教，也就是所有老師、學生，不管是不是原

住民，都應接受原住民的民族教育跟學習，希望透過此教育制度，慢

慢消除有可能發生的族群文化歧視現象。

2. Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic 委員：臺灣職業女性的有薪產假期間為何？母親如

果需要回到職場，針對 0 到 6 個月或是 2 歲兒少，政府有什麼樣的支持方案？

會去上幼兒園嗎？是公立或私立？

⚫ 勞動部代表：育嬰留職停薪，《性別工作平等法》規定，凡受雇者任職滿

6 個月以後，每一個子女滿 3 歲以前都可申請兩年育嬰留職停薪，且可同

時撫育子女兩人以上。父母雙方可同時申請，育嬰留職停薪期間，有 6

個月育嬰留職停薪津貼，所得替代率是 80％，最近放寬可申請 30 天以上

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 短期育嬰留職停薪。產假目前是 2 個月，雇主須支付全薪，也有保險給

付。

⚫ 衛生福利部社會及家庭署代表：0 歲到 2 歲，我們給予育兒津貼，一個月

5,000 元，如果家長無法照顧的話，0 歲到 2 歲可家外送托保母或者公共

化托嬰中心或準公共化托嬰中心，一個月補助家長一個月 8,500 元，弱勢

家庭補助達 1 萬 2,500 元左右。目前托嬰中心跟政府簽約的準公大占九成

多，家外送托占整體未滿兩歲孩子大概 20.18%。我們讓家長多元選擇，

領取育兒津貼、育嬰留停、送托保母、機構式照顧。布建公共化托嬰中

心，地方政府整體加總希望提供 1 萬多名孩子進入公共化，準公加總約

有 8 萬多個位置。

【第九章-特別保護措施】

1. Nigel Cantwell 委員：請協助釐清街頭兒童的狀況，政府的問題清單回復，似

乎只有棄嬰會淪為街頭兒童。所謂街頭兒童主要是兒少離家出走淪落街頭，

目前街頭兒童是否比棄嬰、棄兒加起來人數多？還是只有棄嬰才會成為街頭

兒童？還是臺灣不存在街頭兒童？

⚫ 衛生福利部保護服務司代表：街頭兒童應為自行離家，離家因素很多，

包括學校功課壓力、家庭衝突、人際情感壓力。家長有提報失蹤者，一

年大概有 6,000 多位的孩子，尋回或返家大概有 9 成，但會有重複離家的

狀況。因此我們開始對自行離家兒少，進入家庭與父母工作提供服務，

針對兒少離家因素進行改善。

⚫ 院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：在臺灣很少 Homeless 會帶著孩子，

倘發現這個狀況，各地方政府社會局或警察局就會介入，有 Run away 或

Push away 的案例，會報警協尋，找到後會提供後續家庭服務。通常這些

子會找到朋友借住，容留的家庭也會通報或提供協助。

2. Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

（1）經濟剝削問題，各位提供的資料將童工分成不同年齡層，未滿 6 歲、6 歲

到 11 歲還有 12 歲到 15 歲，根據相關法規，15 歲以上兒少工作規範，是

否也同樣適用不同年齡層兒少？如果是的話，6 歲以下幼兒工作規定及工

作時數？還是這部分有另外的工作時數規範？未滿 6 歲、6 歲至 11 歲、12

歲至 15 歲有多少人在工作？

勞動部代表：本國《勞動基準法》有童工章特別規定，15 歲到 18 歲的童

工，雇主須取得法定代理人同意書，那 15 歲以下的話，就是依我們童工

章的規定，童工規定沒有再區分 6 歲以下、6 歲到 12 歲。童工規定如報告

178 點次所敘，除非經地方主管機關依《勞動基準法》第 45 條無礙身心

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 健康認定基準及審查辦法》通過，才可使 15 歲以下童工從事工作，童星

部分倘未滿 15 歲，透過第三人取得勞務，就算沒有勞雇關係，仍必須要

準用《勞動基準法》童工規定。

（2）勞動申訴問題，父母可代為申訴，但提出申訴的申請人常拒絕提供個人

資料就無法代為申訴，是類陳情或申訴是否有被處理？

勞動部代表：本部設有 24小時 1955勞工申訴專線，受理對象沒有身分別，

倘民眾進線申訴，即使沒有表明，只要申訴標的如事業單位名稱，及違

規事項明確，仍會交由地方主管機關查處。

（3）未滿 15 歲兒少有勞動事實，是否允許在晚間工作？由誰監督、管控這些

時間？如果允許這些孩子在這些時間，我預期應有明確的規定來確保這

些孩子的受教權不會受到剝削。我假設 15 歲以下工作規範不明朗，因為

由地方主管機關審核，認定工作性質不妨礙兒少身心健康，可能會面臨

到不同地方主管機關和審核結果，我這樣的假設是正確的嗎？

⚫ 勞動部代表：補充法規說明，童工不可在晚上 8 點到隔夜凌晨 6 點夜

間工作，雇主有指派童工夜間工作的話，可處 6 個月以下有期徒刑。

⚫ 勞動部代表：申訴部分，2019 年至 2021 年統計違反《勞動基準法》

有 31 件，僱用未滿 15 歲有 5 件；僱用未滿 15 歲而沒有向主管機關申

請核可有 14件；國中畢業未畢業須經家長同意，未出具同意書有 6件；

超時工作 1 件；午後 8 點工作有 5 件。以上違反案件，童工保護在

《勞動基準法》屬於刑事法，違反的話會送到司法審判。統計數字主

要來自申訴，但本部也會針對青少年常出現的工作場所進行專案檢查。

（4）使用藥物的兒少不被視為犯罪者，但少年法庭可以選擇將之視為保護案

件或是刑事案件處理，也就代表這些兒少有可能進到法庭，請釐清這是

什麼意思？這跟兒少不被視為罪犯的一般規則有違。針對製造、運輸、

販賣非法藥物的兒少，從統計數據看來，兒少有期徒刑的刑責嚴重，也

有其他制裁方法如罰鍰或轉向的處遇，請問針對這些兒少是否跟公約第

37 條一致？為何製造、運輸、販賣非法藥物的兒少有可能會面臨有期徒

刑？

⚫ 司法院代表：依《少年事件處理法》，物質濫用兒少，因臺灣毒品分

為四個等級，目前 12 歲以下兒童不會由少年法庭來處理，12 歲以下

兒童使用三、四級毒品，是由學校或福利保護系統處理；12 歲以上未

滿 18 歲使用三、四級毒品為曝險少年，明年 7 月 1 號後，這類事件會

交由各地方政府的少年輔導委員會輔導，如果少年輔導委員會進行輔

導以後，認為仍有需要由少年法庭處理，他們還是可以向法院請求處

理這一類的曝險少年。但假如他施用是二級毒品或一級毒品，在臺灣

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 的刑法法律這一類事件還是屬於刑罰範圍，如果 12 歲以上未滿 18 歲

少年有這樣的情形，會移送給少年法庭進行保護事件，但保護事件處

理不是把他視為罪犯，因為在臺灣，少年法庭基本上是一個 family

court 的概念，是一個問題解決法庭的概念。主席所提到的少年刑事案

件，譬如說他有販賣毒品，我們認為是國家必須要提供一個特別保護

機制，國家透過少年刑事案件，即使他被處以刑罰，可是在執行這些

少年被告的刑罰，是由法務部跟教育部督導設置的少年矯正學校，也

就是他其實是一個特殊的教育機制。那如果他是受到成人利用進行製

造或販賣毒品，成人必須加重刑罰二分之一。

⚫ 法務部檢察司代表：說明《新世代反毒策略行動綱領》，第二期是減

少毒品供給以及減少毒品需求及傷害為目標，達到阻斷毒品的物流、

人流跟金流，降低毒品新生再犯。在少年部分，執行安居緝毒專案著

重在溯源及斷根，在境內犯罪壓制部分，強化區域聯防的督導機制，

在邊境管制的部分，避免新興毒品先驅原料流入境內，也加強邊境管

制。增加驗毒、驗尿能量及效率，即時溯源新興毒品來源，減少供

應，亦減少新興毒品利用特定營業場所擴散的管道，要求特定營業場

所落實毒品防制責任，例如說我們針對青少年常出入網咖、KTV 這些

場所，賦予業者通報責任。

⚫ 法務部矯正署代表：臺灣有 4所少年矯正學校，執行少年的刑事處分。

學校校長或教務、學務、輔導主任都是老師，只有在做安全維護跟生

活管理是由矯正人員處理。

（5）Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：為何在統計數據裡面，販賣毒品的兒少幾乎都是

被判有期徒刑，沒有罰緩這個選項？

⚫ 法務部代表：依《毒品危害防制條例》規定，販賣、運輸、製造一級

毒品，法定刑無期徒刑以上，二級毒品是 10 年以上，三級毒品是 7 年

以上，四級毒品是 5 年以上。少年倘有涉犯販賣、運輸或製造毒品，

法官量刑時要依法律規定來做量刑。

⚫ 司法院代表：14 歲以上少年觸犯這樣的刑罰，的確可能面臨比較重的

自由刑剝奪，但在臺灣少年不能夠處無期徒刑，所以剛剛法務部代表

雖有提無期徒刑的量刑，但在少年身上是不適用的，加上他未滿 18

歲，所以至少會獲得一次減刑。未來少年刑事被告量刑，會依《少年

事件處理法》進行量刑特別準則訂定。少年法庭亦有調查官制度，協

助法官了解這個少年觸犯這麼嚴重刑罰，背後有沒有什麼樣的一個成

因，是否被犯罪集團利用，或是家庭成因等，法官會交由調查官進行

調查，目前少年法庭對施用毒品的少年其實並不會處以自由刑，通常

會讓他進入過渡性教育措施或中途型家園。不過我們對於販賣毒品的

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 確採較重刑策略，即使少年透過量刑個別參考事由，法官在刑罰種類

選擇上，大概只能夠盡可能的讓他不要施以太長的自由刑的剝奪。

（6）性剝削或性侵害的被害者，緊急安置 72 小時，主管機關可聲請延長安置，

期間不得超過 3 個月，之後也可再要求延長安置，但期間不可超過 2 年。

這樣的安置是否有經過評估？法院認為有必要的話延長至 2 年，是否也會

協助兒少返家？另外，是否可以命家內性侵害的加害人遷出住家，如加

害者不與兒少同住的話，兒少會面臨什麼狀況？

衛生福利部保護服務司代表：在我們國家兒童遭受性剝削，視為被害人，

性剝削行為樣態有四類，第一種是使兒少為對價性交或猥褻、第二種是

使兒少為性交或猥褻以及供人觀覽、第三種是拍攝、製造性影音、第四

種是讓兒少坐檯、陪酒、伴遊、伴唱。倘孩子遭受到剝削，經警方救援

後會通知社工，那社工到場會就孩子的就學、就業、生活適應、人身安

全及家庭保護教養功能，綜合判斷是否要列為保護個案，如列為保護個

案，會有後續的緊急安置及繼續安置措施，這是經過一個嚴謹的評估，

後續被害人扶助會跟一般受虐兒童或性侵害兒少一樣。社工每半年評估，

適合結束保護安置就會回到原生家庭，在這個過程，原生家庭也需要進

行處遇增加保護因子，也會有漸進式返家輔導；如果沒有辦法返家，後

續也會提供自立扶助方案。命加害人遷出這個部分，一年大概有 8,000 件

左右的性侵害案件，包括成人，其中家內性侵害大概占 13%左右，那其

中有 15%安置被害人，另外 85%留在家裡。原因可能是家庭保護因子不

足或其他複合問題，聲請保護令命加害人遷出，可能也沒有辦法達到保

護效果，因而採取安置。如果加害人是沒有住在一起的親屬，性侵害、

性剝削是刑事案件，符合《家庭暴力防治法》，也可聲請民事保護令，禁

止加害人接近被害人。

（7）12 歲、13 歲觸法屬於特別的類別，是不是在確定觸犯刑法才會裁定感化

教育？安置機構是否會無限期安置？是否有定期評估？會不會盡量短期

程？安置輔導可能長達 2 年，安置輔導的定義為何？與一般輔導有何不同？

在保護事件程序最後還是有可能把少年裁定感化教育？

司法院代表：《少年事件處理法》主要功能是透過制度性保障，讓少年在

成長發展當中，可能發生觸犯刑法法律的行為，不要受到刑罰過度的危

害。少年法庭主要的角色功能不是在確認這個少年觸犯了什麼樣的犯罪

行為，而是要去了解為什麼他會發生這些行為。少年法庭除了法官有專

業訓練跟資格取得外，並配置調查官、心理測驗員跟輔導員，經過調查、

評估，調查官會向法官提出處遇建議，情節輕微就可以做不付審理或轉

向處分，如果需要進行短期輔導，可以選擇用假日來進行生活輔導，或

交給家長進行保護教養，或連結學校輔導資源。2019 年《少年事件處理

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 法》修正，在兩院政策協商平台引進這些少年相關成長需求資源，提供

這些保護處分的評估，以安置輔導處分來說，原則法官會選擇安置輔導

處分，主要目的是原生家庭功能可能不足保護教養，這部分安置輔導跟

《兒少法》緊急安置或其他安置行政措施是不一樣的，他一定要有少年

非行成因確認。安置輔導期間，目前《少年事件處理法》是至少 2 個月以

上，2 年以下，時間長短會由保護官執行當中認定跟評估。保護處分適用

對象，包含 12 歲跟 13 歲，也就是不具有刑事責任年齡的孩子，但要再次

說明，少年法庭在這裡它並不是犯罪處理刑罰的法庭，它其實是一個問

題解決的法庭，少年法庭，對於 12 歲跟 13 歲少年，其實是希望能夠針對

他的這些行為問題背後的成因，提供一些需保護性的評估，並且連結行

政部門資源，進行相關處遇性的提供。至於感化教育，在專業訓練要求

法官盡可能落實最後手段性原則，4 所矯正學校是用一個教育刑的內涵執

行，希望在教育部督導下，讓這個少年成長當中的行為問題透過矯正教

育改善，健全少年成長發展。

（8）Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：修復式正義的方式如何進行？以及他的結果如

何？是否成功？例如 16 歲少年歷經修復式司法過程後，檢察官或法院會

在這個過程後，依然使少年有刑事的前科？

⚫ 司法院代表：修復式在《少年事件處理法》第 29 條規定，包含法院

在裁定之前，可以轉介適當機關、機構跟團體來進行修復，目前整個

關於修復相關規範，本院正在研議中。對於修復專業部分，法官學院

會開設針對少年特殊保護的相關專業研習課程。這個修復程序只是作

為少年保護事件或少年刑事案件的一個程序，是否進入修復程序，原

則上要經過當事人同意，尊重少年跟被害人意願，法官也會進行相關

選案，認為適當進行修復，對少年健全成長有幫助的話，我們才會讓

這個案件進入修復程序。基本上我們會跟他說明說這個修復程序，要

基於他自主意願，不會因為他沒有參與這樣程序就影響加重他量刑或

保護處分。最後修復達成共識，未來在保護處分或刑事案件的量刑決

定，基本上還是從他的需保護性的角度做最後裁量，不會因為他沒有

參與這樣的程序，或最後沒有辦法達成共識，就一定會對他做成比較

相對不利的判斷。

⚫ 司法院代表：補充說明，少年修復式正義與成人不同，舉例來說，少

年他可能是行為人，但他可能昨天其實是被害人，所以選案、事前評

估非常重要。修復式正義主要功能是要處理人跟人之間的關係，譬如

說被害人跟這個少年，他們適不適合透過專業協助，修復促進者也必

須對少年事件法理有所認識，而不是譬如說強要少年賠償、道歉，少

年如果經濟、家庭環境不許可，他可能也無力賠償，所以修復式正義

不應該成為民事損害賠償的場域，但如果在專業協助之下，透過修復

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 式正義過程，平等對話跟關係緩解，他所付出的努力，少年法庭會透

過修復式正義，或是專業團體的結案報告給予審酌跟考量，被害人的

損害填補，還有是不是能夠取得對少年成長需求的諒解，這是我們賦

予少年修復式正義，不同於其他修復式司法特別的功能。必須要誠實

的跟委員報告，我們正在發展少年修復式正義，還在建置中。

（9）Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：在臺灣，兒少受到人身自由剝奪時，是否有法令

或規範提及他們有與家人相處的權利？有無可能所處機構是選擇與家人

最近的機構？法官在決定安置場所時，是否會有所考慮？安置期間，兒

少是否仍能夠與家人保持聯繫？可以多久聯繫一次？會面時間多長？這

名兒少在觀護所成年，是會繼續待著至期滿為止？還是移至成人監所？

⚫ 司法院代表：少年法庭法官也必須遵守 CRC 第 37 條基本原則，非不

得已，其實法官不會裁定收容少年在少年觀護所，在《少年事件處理

法》第 26 條規範上，原則上不能收容，有兩種情形是例外，第一是

責付不能，第二是不宜責付。少年觀護所在 2019 年修正後，有鑑別

功能，少年如鑑別需求，可能會被法官裁定收容在少年觀護所進行鑑

別，鑑別觀察就需要行為科學，包括心理、精神醫療專家協助，尤其

是特殊身心需求少年，所以這大概是法官在責付不能或者不宜責付的

時候，例外才會把少年收容在少年觀護所。少年觀護所收容時間，只

要他未滿 20 歲，就可以一直收容，倘已滿 20 歲，少年刑事被告已經

經由檢察官起訴，就會在他成年之後移往看守所，因為他已經不適合

跟未成年人同時被收容在少年觀護所。《少年事件處理法》安置輔導

處分，基本上不是刑罰，目的也不是要剝奪少年人身自由，他其實是

替代原生家庭的照顧保護處分種類的選擇，選擇了安置的機構。主要

是由衛生福利部定期評鑑的少年安置機構，主要功能是替代原生家庭

保護教養不足，所以返家準備是重要，安置當天起即做返家準備，安

置輔導期間，保護官如果認為家長會面探視其實沒有不良影響，原則

上是鼓勵的。如果不適合返家，衛生福利部也有提供自立服務。近年

來法官通常選擇保護管束，讓少年盡可能留在熟悉的社會環境。另，

與家人會面沒有次數限制，如果在矯正機關可能有一些管理需求，如

果是在安置輔導機構，只要跟學校或安置機構事前聯繫，應不至於受

到限制。

⚫ 法務部代表：少年矯正學校學生隨時都可接見家屬，接見時間以 30

分鐘為主，但可以增加，或是在特定時間也可以准許他來接見，接見

環境非常和善，接見內容跟狀況，除危害機關安全跟秩序外，機關是

絕對不會去任意地聽聞。

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 ⚫ 衛生福利部保護服務司代表：補充說明，少年進入矯正學校，學校社

工會在兩周內提供這些孩子家庭資訊，每個縣市社工拿到這些資料

後，跟學校社工了解孩子狀況，會在 1 個月內訪視少年父母親，定期

陪同父母親到矯正學校做會面探視，原則上 1 個月 1 次。方式有到現

場、視訊或寫信，這些家庭多數是較弱勢，交通經費有困難，政府會

補助。少年如果離開矯正學校回到家裡、社區，社工會繼續陪這個孩

子至少 1 年，提供他相關居住、生活適應、就學、就業等服務，使他

穩定回歸正常生活。

【第十章-任擇議定書後續行動】

1. Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

（1） 為何國會沒有一起通過關於買賣兒童、兒童賣淫和兒童色情問題及關於

兒童捲入武裝衝突問題這兩個任擇議定書？對於兒童色情定義，讓兒童

從事實際或模擬性行為，或製作相關影像，這類內容、圖像對兒童人權

都有很大的傷害，兩任擇議定書也都有明確實施準則，我建議貴國可將

之納入法律中，將這類內容視為性虐待相關的刑罰來處理。

衛生福利部保護服務司代表：兒童權利公約國內法化的時間在 2017 年，

在 2015 年我們即接受任擇議定書重要概念，將性交易修改為性剝削，目

前不管是性剝削態樣、實體、對價性交猥褻、被利用供人觀覽及拍攝製

造猥褻行為的圖畫、照片、影響等，包括涉及色情的伴遊、伴唱、伴舞

等，均在《兒少性剝削防制條例》中清楚揭示，亦有相當罰則，有刑事

責任。為了預防這類案件發生，法律要求高級中等以下學校，每學年辦

理兒少性剝削教育課程跟教育宣導，以及網路安全均納入教育課程。

（2） 任擇議定書提到要有放諸四海皆準的治外法權，建議締約國廢除雙重犯

罪的要求，即使犯罪者在海外犯罪依然要被繩之以法，另外如加害人是

本國人或僅是住民，或被害兒少是住民，這均會面臨如何起訴的問題，

因此將任擇議定書納入國內法是較好的作法，請問任擇議定書的國內法

化過程仍在進行嗎？已經完成了嗎？立法院沒有正式納入任擇議定書的

原因是什麼？

衛生福利部保護服務司代表：任擇議定書目前在臺灣還沒有國內法化，

但是我們在有關性剝削議題有一部專法，即《兒少性剝削防制條例》，本

國人在海外犯兒少性剝削罪，即使該國沒有禁止，在臺灣仍算犯罪；外

國住民在臺灣犯兒少性剝削，涉及到這個外國人在臺灣犯相關罪責部分，

目前我們沒有寫在《兒少性剝削防制條例》中。是否國內法化部分，因

當時在修法，沒有跟上兒童權利公約國內法化階段，現在法律已相較完

備，是不是要國內法化，後續會找相關部會就任擇議定書內容，再行評

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 估。治外法權部分，《兒少性剝削防制條例》清楚律定中華民國人民，在

中華民國領域以外犯兒少性剝削類型，不論犯罪地法律有沒有處罰規定，

都屬兒少性剝削條例的犯罪行為規範的樣態。

2. Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic 委員（意見）

：針對買賣兒童、兒童賣淫和兒童色情

問題議定書，提到是否要納入的議題，這個議定書不僅關於性剝削，也關於

買賣，包括器官買賣，也是另外一種形式剝削，鼓勵大家可以看一下這份指

引。

3. Laura Lundy 委員（追問教育領域）：教師懲戒兒少，不管是情緒、身體，如

果造成重大虐待應該都受到懲罰，但重大的定義為何？要達到什麼樣的條

件，教師才會受到懲罰？重點是老師有做這個行為，如果孩子外表看不出

來，是否也算重大？

教育部代表：會看學生受到傷害的情況，舉例來說如果學生因為老師不當對

待或不當管教，造成他日常生活行為表現失序，如睡不著、驚恐、憂鬱、突

然大叫、飲食不正常或不願意上學，鄰近師長或同學發現，或家長提出證據

陳情或申訴，學校會立即召開校事會議，組成小組進行調查，調查小組依證

據判斷受傷害程度，嚴重程度的話，教師可能會遭到解聘、不續聘、停聘等

等，有時候會是終生不得再當教師，有時候會是 1 年到 4 年不得為教師，或

停聘 6 個月、1 年等等的，如果情節相對輕微，會依《教師成績考核辦法》

的相關的規定記過、申誡等等處分。另說明教評會運作，當學校要判定一個

老師是否解聘、不續聘或停聘時，會有一個教師評審委員會的組織，組成有

校長、家長代表 1 人、非兼行政教師代表、經選舉產生的代表，如果學校老

師有涉及性平、體罰、霸凌事件，依新修訂《教師法》規定，須增加外聘兒

童心理還有教育、法律、兒少專業背景這樣人員，這樣的組成對老師不當行

為、不當管教可做出較客觀公正的評審。

4. Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic 委員（意見）

：老師有施暴行為，但舉證責任在孩子

身上，重點是老師有這種行為，而不是孩子有沒有創傷後的行為。這才是為

何需要對體罰及暴力有明確的定義，不是看家長、孩子的反映，而是看老師

做了什麼行為。

5. Jakob Egbert Doek 主席（意見）

：我要特別強調對兒少施暴，不管是言語或者

是體罰，其實都是對孩子的尊嚴不夠尊重，所以孩子不管是心理或身體上有

受傷，這都是危害了孩子的尊嚴權。如果這一個老師打孩子的屁股，重點不

是孩子有沒有身心傷害，這是絕對不能夠接受的行為。

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 Meeting Minutes

【Chapter 8 Education, Leisure and Cultural Activities】

1. Laura Lundy:

（1）Regarding preschools, what are you doing to ensure that preschool teachers in

private institutions under the public-to-private service concession arrangement

have been properly trained to provide quality education? What is the ratio of

preschool teachers to students? How old are the children in preschool?

Ministry of Education: Students in non-profit or quasi-public preschools are

between two to six years old. The ratio of preschool teachers to students is 1 to

15 now. Primary classes are for two-year-old children, and the ratio is 1 to 8. In

principle, preschool teachers have to acquire the qualifications for preschool

teachers to work in preschools. Ministry of Education also subsidizes programs

to educate caregivers and teachers in preschool education, such as annual

seminars, including workshops on CRC.

（2）Regarding the education of elementary and junior high school, children and

youth told us that in practice, many schools ignore the Curriculum Guidelines of

12-Year Basic Education and continue to emphasize subjects like mathematics

and Chinese. Classes have been shifted to teach these subjects. They told us that

schools usually received an advance notice when inspectors were coming and

teachers told them to act normal. Do inspectors have opportunities to talk to the

children and youth? It seems the education still focuses on passing examinations.

What are your plans to improve the situation?

⚫ Ministry of Education: After the new Curriculum Guidelines were

implemented, children and youth feel that academic pressure is too high.

Ministry of Education has continuously promoted the educational vision of

nurture by nature. In 2020, one year after the new Curriculum Guidelines

were implemented, Ministry of Education specifically request senior high

schools to praise students’ performances in various fields and recognize

students’ achievements in areas other than academic studies. We have

stressed that education is not about the scores of paper-and-pencil tests or

exams, but to discover students’ potential to achieve in different fields; to

encourage students to develop various specialties; and to respect students’

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 thoughts. We have promoted success stories through media reports. For

instance, a female high-school graduate did not take part in the University

Entrance Exam and instead took the sailor exam. She has acquired the

certificate of a chief mate and has been sailing around the world. These

stories aim to encourage students to pursue their dreams. The social culture

cannot be changed immediately, but the government has been making efforts

to promote our vision. With regard to the issue of educational normalization,

shifting classes to another subject violates our rules of educational

normalization. Perhaps in some counties or cities, schools have been

informed of the visit of educational inspectors beforehand, so they get to

prepare in advance. That was quite normal in the past. However, this year,

when the ministry was selecting inspectors of educational normalization, we

stressed that school visits should be kept confidential beforehand. For

schools found to have violated the normalization rules during inspections,

their principals and teachers will be punished in accordance with the

provisions of relevant regulations governing principals’ and teachers’

performance evaluation.

⚫ Ministry of Education: In addition, for a long time, Taiwan’s education has

been influenced by exams. The Curriculum Guidelines of 12-Year Basic

Education were first announced in 2014, and the Guidelines for each domain

of knowledge were implemented officially in 2019. To promote the

Guidelines, we have worked to carry out reforms in four areas: curriculum

and teaching, equipment, teacher training at all levels, and breaking the

connection between entrance examination and admission. We were worried

that with all the good intentions of the Guidelines to promote whole-person

development, if teachers do not change and continue to test students on the

knowledge level, the Guidelines cannot really change teaching in the

classroom. Therefore, entrance exams to senior high school and to university

focus on competence. That is, the exam questions do not ask what you know;

rather, they are designed to check if you have thought about the issues in

your daily lives and even if you have acquired interdisciplinary knowledge.

To answer these questions, students need to be able to apply the knowledge

learned in class. In addition, the exams for teaching qualifications are also

competence-oriented.

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（3）Many children are worried about mental and physical violence on campus. Do

your educational laws specify that teachers are prohibited from mentally or

verbally abusing students? Sometimes teachers mentally or verbally abuse pupils

in the name of discipline. How many teachers have been dismissed because of

that? If teachers are found to have major misconduct, such as torturing children

and youth, do they lose their teaching qualifications afterward? Are there any

related measures?

Ministry of Education: Regarding the issue of corporal punishment and bullying,

the Teachers’ Act was amended in 2019, stipulating that teachers inflicting

corporal punishment on or bullying one or more students, causing severe

physical or mental injury will face different punishments based on their

misconduct and the circumstances. Punishments may include dismissal, non-

renewal of employment or suspension. In mild circumstances, the teacher will

be dismissed for one to four years; suspended for half a year to one year, or being

penalized under relevant performance evaluation regulations. Corporal

punishment and bullying are not limited to physical ones. If teachers are found

to treat students inappropriately or if they are proven to cause severe physical or

mental injury because their words or inappropriate management, they will be

punished according to relevant regulations. The number of dismissed teachers

will be provided later.

（4）Do private school follow different regulations?

Ministry of Education: Both private and public schools have to follow the

Teachers’ Act and relevant notice on counseling and discipline.

（5）Regarding the resources and budget allocated for special education, how do you

plan to use or increase the budget to meet the needs of increasing demands of

children with special educational needs? What is the percentage of students with

special education needs in the student population?

Ministry of Education: The Special Education Act has stipulated that resources

of special education have to be secured and resources of special education must

account for 4.5% of the overall annual budget of education in central government

agencies. We also ask local governments to ensure that the budget for special

education should reach 5% of their annual budget. In Taiwan, the student

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 population is 4,211,731 and the number of students with special needs is

150,7836, accounting for 3.7%.

（6）Regarding leisure and cultural activities, I get a strong sense that children and

youth cannot enjoy their rights to engage in leisure activities and cultural rights.

The children told us that they were exhausted. For instance, the culture of cram

schools. Even though cram schools are private institutions, the government bears

the responsibility to ensure that children enjoy their right to rest. So my question

is to what extent can and do you regulate cram schools?

Ministry of Education: The main reason that children and youth spend too much

time at cram schools is because of parents’ high expectations. We have worked

to change parents’ perspectives about getting high grades and further education

and the ministry has commissioned companies to produce learning materials for

parents to know about The Convention on the Rights of Children. The contents

include games for children and youth, as well as the impact of leisure time on

learning, development, and mental and physical health for children and youth.

Family Education Centers in local governments are instructed to introduce such

learning materials to parents. As for students’ study time at school, in elementary

school, there are 22 to 24 sessions for first and second graders, 28 to 31 for third

to fourth graders; and 33 to 35 for fifth to sixth graders. Each session lasts 40

minutes. In high school, there are 35 sessions. Each session is 50 minutes.

Basically, we respect the decision of local competent authorities on school start

and finish times. Generally speaking, in remote areas, parents need to bring their

kids to school before going to work, so the start time will be slightly earlier, but

for most schools, the finish time is basically around 4 to 4:30 p.m. Lower graders

may have half-day classes on certain dates. For senior high school, the start time

is between 8 to 8:10 a.m. in principle, and the finish time should not be later than

5:30 p.m. There may be extra sessions offered for after-class support. Recently,

to give students enough sleep, we have announced the notices of students’ daily

routines in senior high school. We hope that schools only choose one day per

week for a general assembly in the morning, so on the other four days, students

only have to arrive at school before the first class starts.

（7）When designing child-friendly cities or spaces, are children and youth involved

in the design process? Do they get to design the playing spaces for themselves?

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 How do you invite children and youth to participate in the process of urban

planning? Are there similar approaches in Taiwan now?

（No response yet. The response will be given after the conference finishes.）

（8）Children can learn minorities or indigenous languages, but very few students

took the indigenous languages exams. Students might be stigmatized for taking

part in the exams. Have you asked the indigenous students about what kind of

support they need in education and cultural areas?

⚫ Ministry of Education: The Ministry is working with the Council of

Indigenous Peoples to protect the rights of indigenous students to further

education. Indigenous students’ enrollments are added on, so their admission

will not affect the rights of other students. At the same time, indigenous

students get privileged points and they do not necessarily need to pass the

entrance exam for admission, multiple entrance program is available as well.

As for language learning, we will also communicate and continue the

dialogue with the students. According to the Development of National

Languages Act, one of Taiwan’s key policies is to protect indigenous

languages. So, we will keep communicating and keep on improving the

design of relevant exam systems.

⚫ Council of Indigenous Peoples: There are five levels of Indigenous language

Certification. Since 2018, including the number of people who have

registered to take the exam at the end of this year, we can see that at the early

stage, indigenous students above high school were willing to take the exam.

For the past few years, we have seen students in primary schools or

kindergartens taking the exam, proving that more and more young people

are willing to get certified and the younger generation recognizes the

importance of indigenous languages. After the Education Act for Indigenous

Peoples was amended, we strived to promote the idea that indigenous spirits

and cultures should be taught to all teachers and students and it should not

be limited to indigenous students. We hope that with such an education

system, the cultural and ethnic discrimination towards indigenous people

can be eliminated as time goes by.

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 2. Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic: How long is the paid maternity leave for Taiwanese

women at work? How does the government support mothers with children from 0-6

months or under two years old if they need to get back to work? Will the children be

sent to kindergartens? If so, are the kindergartens public or private?

⚫ Ministry of Labor: Regarding unpaid parental leave, the Act of Gender Equality

in Employment stipulates that two years of unpaid parental leave should be

granted to any employee who has worked for the company for six months before

any of their children reach the age of three years old. Parents can take care of at

least two children. Employees can raise over two children at the same time. Both

the mother and the father can apply for unpaid parental leave. During the two-

year unpaid leave, the parent can receive six months of parental leave allowance

that could replace up to 80% of his/her income. We are also working to expand

our policy to allow parents to apply for short-term unpaid parental leaves for 30

days and over. As for paid maternity leave, at present, mothers can get two

months of paid maternity leave, and the employers are required to pay the full

salary along and the employees will receive the insurance benefits.

⚫ Ministry of Health and Welfare（Social and Family Affairs Administration）:

For infants between 0-2 years old, we offer childcare subsidies of 5,000 NTD

per month. Parents can send their children to nannies, public pre-schools, or

quasi-public preschools if they are not able to take care of their children

themselves. The government would offer the parents subsidies of 8,500 NTD

per month. Vulnerable families will receive around 12,500 NTD. Around 90%

of the pre-schools have signed a contract with the government to become quasi-

public preschools. About 20.18% of the children between 0-2 years old are being

taken care of by nannies or pre-schools. We offer diverse choices for parents,

and they can choose to receive allowances, apply for unpaid parental leaves, or

send their children to nannies or pre-schools. The local governments are

working to set up more quasi-public preschools, and they hope that more than

10,000 children can be sent to public pre-schools and around 80,000 children to

quasi-public preschools.

【Chapter 9 Special Protective Measures】

1. Nigel Cantwell: Please elaborate on the situation of street children. According to the

responses to the List of Issues provided by the government, only abandoned children

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 will become street children. However, street children are mainly runaways. Are there

more runaways than abandoned children? Or do you believe that only abandoned

children will become street children? Or street children do not exist in Taiwan?

⚫ Ministry of Health and Welfare（Department of Protective Services）: Street

children are children who run away from home due to various reasons, such as

stress from school or from homework, conflicts with their parents, or

interpersonal issues. Every year, about 6,000 children are reported missing by

their parents, and 90% of them were found or returned home. However, some

children may run away habitually. Therefore, we have begun to provide more

services to families and parents of runaway children, hoping to reduce the

reasons for the children to run away again.

⚫ Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group: Homeless

people in Taiwan rarely have children with them. If such a situation is

discovered, bureaus of social welfare of local governments or the police will

intervene. When a run-away or push-away case is discovered, it will be reported

to the police and the police will start the search. Once the runway children are

found, follow-up family services will be provided. Usually, these children stay

with their friends, and so the families they stay with will help report the situation

or provide assistance.

2. Jakob Egbert Doek:

（1）Regarding economic exploitation, the data you provided divides child labor into

different age groups: Children under six, children between six and 11 years old,

and children between 12 and 15 years old. Relevant laws are applicable to

children above 15 years old. Do the same laws applicable to children of different

age groups? If so, what are the rules on the working conditions and working

hours for children under six? Or, maybe you have another rules specifying their

working hours? How many children under six, children between six and 11 years

old, and children between 12 and 15 years old are working?

Ministry of Labor: The Labor Standards Act has a Chapter on Child Labor

specifying that to employ a child worker aged between 15 and 18 years old,

employers must get a letter of consent from the minor’s legal guardian. The same

chapter applies to children under 15, and we do not distinguish the age groups

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 of under six and six to 12. As mentioned in paragraph 178 of our responses,

unless local competent authority approved in accordance with the Regulations

Governing the Determination Criteria and Inspection of No Harm to Mental and

Physical Health in Article 45 of the Labor Standards Act, child laborers under 15

are not allowed to work. For children performers who work via a third party, the

Labor Standards Act still applies even when there are no employers-employee

relations.

（2）Regarding grievances and complaints, parents can file complaints on behalf of

their children. However, if the applicant refuses to provide personal data, which

often happens, his/her parents cannot file complaints. Are these quasi-complaints

or grievances accepted?

Ministry of Labor: The Ministry has set up a 24/7 hotline: 1955 for anyone to

report or file complaints. Even if the caller did not identify him/herself, as long

as the name of the company and the violations are factual, we will still refer the

report to the local competent authorities for investigation. If children under 15

do work, are they allowed to work at night? Who is going to supervise or manage

their working hours? If children are allowed to work at night, I expect there

would be clear regulations to ensure these children’s education rights are not

deprived.

（3）I would assume that the regulations governing the work of children under 15 are

not clear, because it is reviewed by local competent authorities who determine

whether the work would harm the children mentally or physically. In other words,

different authorities may have different review results. Am I right?

⚫ Ministry of Labor: I would like to elaborate. The laws stipulate that child

laborers are not allowed to work between 8 p.m. to 6 a.m. If employers ask

children to work at night, they would be sentenced to imprisonment for up

to six months.

⚫ Ministry of Labor: For grievances and complaints （of child labor）, there

were 31 violations of the Labor Standards Act from 2019 to 2021. Among

the violations, five were for hiring children under 15. Fourteen were for

hiring children under 15 without applying for approval from the competent

authorities. Six violations were for hiring children who had not graduated

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 from junior high school and not getting consent from their parents. One

violation was for working overtime. Five violations were related to asking

children to work after 8 p.m. Child labor is regulated by the Labor Standards

Act, and so these violations are treated as criminal cases and violators will

stand trials. The statistics come from complaints, but Ministry of Labor also

conducts inspections for workplaces where teenage workers often appear.

（4）Children using drugs are not considered criminals, but the juvenile court can

choose to deal with the cases as juvenile protection cases or juvenile criminal

cases, which means that children may need to be brought to a court of law. Please

explain. This contradicts the general rule that children will not be treated as

criminals. From the statistics, children involved in the manufacturing,

transporting, or selling of narcotics are often sentenced to imprisonment.

However, there are other punishments like fines and guiding services. Are these

regulations in line with Article 37 of CRC? Why is it that children involved in

the manufacturing, transporting, or selling of narcotics might be sentenced to

imprisonment?

⚫ Judicial Yuan: Narcotics are divided into four categories in Taiwan.

According to Juvenile Delinquency Act, children with substance abuse

problems who are under 12 will not be dealt with by the juvenile court.

Children under 12 who abuse narcotics of categories three or four would

receive help from schools or social protection systems. Children between 12

and 18 who abuse narcotics of categories three or four are treated as risk

exposure teenagers. By July 1st next year, youth counseling committees of

local governments will be in charge of these risk exposure teenagers. After

counseling, if a youth counseling committee feels that it is still necessary to

ask the juvenile court to step in to deal with these risk exposure teenagers,

they can ask the court for help. However, if a risk exposure teenager abuses

narcotics of categories one or two, the case would still be considered as a

criminal case. For children aged between 12 and 18, such cases would be

sent to juvenile court to be treated as juvenile protection cases. This does not

mean that these children are treated as criminals since the juvenile court in

Taiwan acts like a family court. It is a court that helps to solve issues. For

the juvenile criminal case mentioned by the chairperson, if a child is

involved in the selling of narcotics, as the government, we believe that we

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 need to provide the child with a special protection mechanism. Even if the

children are sentenced to imprisonment when the cases are treated as

juvenile criminal cases, they will go to the juvenile correction school

established by Ministry of Justice and Ministry of Education. This

mechanism provides children with special education. Also, if a child is used

by adults to manufacture or sell narcotics, the adults will face fifty percent

more sentences.

⚫ Ministry of Justice（Department of Prosecutorial Affairs）: I would like to

explain the New Generation Anti-drug Strategy. The second phase of the

Strategy aims to decrease the supply, demand, and harm caused by narcotics

by blocking the logistics and money flows and reducing the recidivism of

first-time offenders. For juveniles, we enforce community anti-drug

projects. The focus of such projects is tracking the sources and removing the

roots of narcotics. To combat crimes in Taiwan, we work to strengthen

regional supervision. For border control, we work to prevent raw materials

of emerging drugs from entering Taiwan by strengthening border control.

We will also increase the capacity and efficiency of drug and urine testing;

trace the sources of emerging drugs on time; and block the supply of

emerging drugs. To reduce the chances of dealers of emerging narcotics

using certain business locations to sell drugs, we require these locations to

take responsibility to prevent drugs from circulating on their premises. For

example, operators of Internet cafes and KTVs, which teenagers often

frequent, all have the responsibility to report drug use cases.

⚫ Ministry of Justice（Agency of Corrections）: There are four juvenile

correction schools in Taiwan for juveniles sentenced to imprisonment. The

principals, directors of academic affairs, student affairs, and counseling are

all teachers. Only daily life management and safety are managed by the

corrective personnel.

（5）Jakob Egbert Doek: Why is it that according to the statistics almost all children

involved in selling drugs are sentenced to imprisonment? Is fine not an option?

⚫ Ministry of Justice: According to the Narcotics Hazard Prevention Act,

offenders of manufacturing, transporting, or selling category one narcotics

are subject to a death sentence or life imprisonment. For category two

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 narcotics, the punishment is imprisonment of more than 10 years. For

category three, imprisonment of more than seven years. For category four,

the imprisonment is for more than five years. If juveniles are involved in the

manufacturing, transporting, or selling of narcotics, the judge should

sentence them according to the present regulations.

⚫ Judicial Yuan: It is true that juveniles over 14 years old may face more severe

imprisonment sentences for committing crimes. However, in Taiwan, judges

are not allowed to sentence juveniles to life imprisonment, so even though

the law stipulates life imprisonment, as mentioned by the representative

from Ministry of Justice, it does not apply to juveniles. In addition, juveniles

under 18 years old have at least one chance to reduce their sentencing. In the

future, the sentencing of juvenile offenders will follow the sentencing

special guidelines in accordance with the Juvenile Delinquency Act. The

juvenile court has investigators to help the judges understand why a teenager

has committed such as severe crime. For instance, the judge may ask the

investigators to investigate whether or not the teenager was used by a

criminal group or if there were family problems. At present, the juvenile

court does not sentence juveniles to prison for abusing drugs. They are

usually sent to the transitional education system or halfway houses.

However, we do enforce severe sentences on drug-selling cases. Even

though juvenile have their reasons, judges can only avoid sentencing them

to long-term imprisonment that deprives their freedom.

（6）Victims of sexual exploitation or abuse are placed in emergency placement for

72 hours, and competent authorities can apply for extensions for up to three

months. They can also ask to extend the placement again, but the total length

should not exceed two years. Have you conducted any evaluation on such

placement arrangement? If the court believes that it is necessary to extend to two

years, will you work to help children return home? Also, is it possible to remove

the perpetrator of sexual abuse at home from the home? What situation would

the children face when the perpetrators do not live with them?

Ministry of Health and Welfare（Department of Protective Services）: In

Taiwan, there are four types of sexual exploitation of children. First, causing a

child or youth to engage in sexual intercourse or obscene acts in exchange for

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 monetary; second, using a child or youth to engage in sexual intercourse or

obscene acts for others to watch; third, filming a child or youth engaging in

sexual intercourse or obscene acts, or producing sex videos; fourth, causing a

child or youth to act as a host/hostess in a bar or club or engage in acts associated

with tour escort and singing or dancing companion services that involve sexual

activities. When children are exploited, the police will notify social workers after

the children are rescued. Social workers will evaluate the children’s education,

employment, life adjustment, personal safety, and family functions to decide

whether the children need to be sent to protective services. If protection is needed,

the children will be placed in the emergency placement and extended placement.

The assessment process is rigorous. Afterward, the support and assistance

provided to the victims are the same as that for children who were abused or

sexually assaulted. Social workers will assess every six months to determine the

suitable timing to end the protection placement for the children to return home.

During this process, support will be given to the children’s families to add more

protective factors. There is also progressive counseling to prepare the children

to return home. If children cannot return home, support will be offered to help

children become independent. As for removing the perpetrator, we have around

8,000 sexual assault or abuse cases every year, including adults. Among these

cases, domestic sexual abuse cases account for 13%, and 15% of these victims

are placed in shelters. The other 85% stay at home. It is possible that the families

might not be able to provide enough protective factors for the children, or there

are multiple problems. Having the court issue a civil protection order and remove

the perpetrator from home may not help to protect the victim, so placement

becomes a better choice. If the perpetrators are relatives who do not live with the

victims, sexual abuse and sexual exploitation are criminal cases. According to

the Domestic Violence Prevention Act, victims can also apply for the court to

issue civil protection orders to stop perpetrators from approaching them.

（7）Children of ages 12 and 13 committing a criminal offense are special cases, will

the court decide to place such children in a correctional institution after verifying

the children indeed committed the offense? Will the child be placed in the

placement institution for an indefinite period of time? Do you have regular

reviews of the placement? Will you try to shorten the period of placement?

Accordingly, placement counseling could last for two years, so what exactly is

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the definition of placement counseling? What makes placement counseling

different from regular counseling? Is it possible that the court decides to send

children qualified as protection cases to reformatory education?

Judicial Yuan: The main purpose of the Juvenile Delinquency Act is to provide

systematic protection to ensure that when teenagers, who are still growing up,

engage in acts that may violate the Criminal Code, they will not be subjected to

excessive punishment. The role of the juvenile court is to understand the reasons

behind a juvenile’s criminal behavior rather than determining what kind of crime

has been committed. Judges of the juvenile court have received professional

training and related qualifications. They are assisted by investigators,

psychology technologists, and counselors. Following a process of investigation

and evaluation, the investigators will advise and propose recommendations to

the judges on the case. If the circumstances are determined to be minor, then a

trial can be avoided and the judges may rule for the children to receive diversion

action. Should it be determined that the children need to receive short-term

counseling, they may choose to receive life counseling during the holidays.

Other alternatives include asking parents to be responsible for protection and

upbringing or using counseling resources provided by the schools. Following the

amendment of the Juvenile Delinquency Act in 2019, resources needed to

support the growth of these juveniles have been put together on the government’s

policies communication platform. Different protective measures are also being

evaluated. In principle, a judge would choose to send a juvenile to placement

counseling, mainly because the juvenile’s family is not capable to provide

protection and upbringing. This is different from emergency placement of

victims under the Protection of Children and Youths Welfare and Rights Act or

other administrative placement. Placement counseling is a measure that can be

taken only after investigating and determining the cause of the juvenile’s

criminal behavior. According to the Juvenile Delinquency Act, the duration of

placement counseling should be between two months to two years. The length

of the period will be determined by the juvenile probation officers after

assessments. Juvenile protection is suitable for minors without criminal

responsibility, which includes children between the ages of 12 and 13 years old.

But it should be emphasized again that the juvenile court is not a court for

criminal proceedings, but rather one that is meant to seek solutions to problems.

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 For children between 12 and 13 years old, the main focus of the juvenile court

is to identify the root cause of their problematic behaviors, provide protective

assessment, and connect them to administrative resources for relevant

intervention. Regarding reformatory education, through professional training,

judges have been told that placing a juvenile in a correctional institute should be

a last resort. The four reform schools in Taiwan all operate with the same

educational corrective principles. It is hoped that, with the supervision of

Ministry of Education, correctional education can help change juveniles’

misconduct and improve their growth and development.

（8）Jakob Egbert Doek: How is restorative justice implemented? What are the

outcomes? Is it successful? What will it mean for, as an example, a 16-year-old

youth who has undergone the process of restorative justice, when the final

decision of the prosecutor or the court still causes the youth to have a criminal

record?

⚫ Judicial Yuan: As stipulated in Article 29 of the Juvenile Delinquency Act,

before making a final ruling, the court may introduce appropriate agencies,

institutions, or groups to carry out restorative justice. Currently, relevant

regulations concerning the process of restorative justice are still under

discussion in the Judicial Yuan. That being said, the Judges’ Academy

provides professional training and classes on restorative justice. The

procedures of restorative justice are part of the process of juvenile protection

or juvenile criminal cases. In principle, whether or not an individual

undergoes restorative justice depends on his or her choice. We need to

respect the opinions of juveniles. The judges will decide which cases are

suitable for restorative justice. Only when judges determine that such a

process would be beneficial to the juvenile in question would we decide to

proceed with measures of restorative justice. We would usually explain the

procedures of restorative justice to the juvenile but his consent is required

before we can proceed with the procedures. The ruling of the case, i.e.

sentencing or juvenile protection, will not be affected by whether or not a

juvenile chooses to undergo the procedures of restorative justice. Even if we

have reached a consensus regarding the procedures of restorative justice, the

court’s decision on juvenile protection or determination of the sentence will

be decided according to the level of protection that the juvenile needs. The

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 court will not make a relatively unfavorable ruling just because the juvenile

has been unwilling to undergo restorative procedures, or because

discussions on the restorative procedures have not ended in a consensus.

⚫ Judicial Yuan: As additional information on restorative justice, it should be

noted that there is a difference between restorative justice for juveniles and

restorative justice for adults. A juvenile, for example, is a perpetrator of a

crime today, but he was originally a victim. Therefore, the assessment and

evaluation process is a crucial step that must be taken prior to deciding

whether a case is suitable for restorative justice. The main function of

restorative justice is to deal with interpersonal relationships, for instance,

between a juvenile perpetrator of a crime and his or her victim. Is it suitable

for them to seek professional help? The person facilitating restorative justice

must be knowledgeable about the Juvenile Delinquency Act. Instead of

forcing the juvenile perpetrator to compensate or apologize, after all, the

juvenile perpetrator may not be able to offer compensation due to his or her

financial or familial circumstances. Restorative justice is not an avenue to

seek compensation for damages. However, with professional support, the

procedures of restorative justice may allow parties to have equal dialogues

and improve their relationship. The efforts of the juvenile will be taken into

account. With the procedures of restorative justice or assessment of final

reports from related professional organizations, the juvenile court may

review and consider the compensation for the victim and solutions that

would be suitable for the growth of the juvenile perpetrator. This is what we

mean by giving juveniles restorative justice, and what makes such

restorative justice uniquely different from other judicial restorative

measures. That being said, we must frankly admit that we are still

developing and devising the regulations of restorative justice for juveniles.

（9）Jakob Egbert Doek: Are there laws or regulations in Taiwan granting children

deprived of liberty the right to stay in touch with their families? Is it possible to

arrange for these children to be sent to detention centers or institutions that are

close to their family homes? Is this a matter taken into consideration by the

judges when they decide on the location of the detention centers or institutions

for juveniles? Are the children allowed to communicate with their families

during their placement in these institutions? How often can they contact each

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other? How long are they allowed to talk at a time? How long may a meeting

between them last? If a child becomes an adult during his/her stay in a juvenile

detention house, will he/she be allowed to stay in the detention house, or will

he/she be moved to a different detention for adults?

⚫ Judicial Yuan: Judges of the juvenile court must abide by Article 37 of the

CRC. Unless absolutely necessary, judges would not rule to place juveniles

in juvenile detention houses. In accordance with Article 26 of the Juvenile

Delinquency Act, in principle, judges should not place juveniles in juvenile

detention houses unless under two specific circumstances, the first of which

is that no other party can take custody of the juvenile, and the second is if

the related parties are unsuited to take custody of the juvenile. Following the

amendment of related regulations in 2019, juvenile detention houses can

now conduct assessments of juveniles. If a juvenile requires assessment,

then he or she may be assessed during their stay in juvenile detention houses.

The assessment, especially those for juveniles with special needs, will be

supported by experts who specialize in behavioral science, including fields

of psychology and psychiatry. Under these circumstances, it is impossible

or unsuitable for the custody of juveniles to be handed over to another party,

so judges may rule to place said juveniles in juvenile detention houses. A

juvenile may stay in a juvenile detention house before he or she turns 20

years old. Once a juvenile defendant who has been indicted by the

prosecutor turns 20 years old, then he or she will be transferred to another

detention center for adults, as it is no longer appropriate for him or her to

stay with other juveniles in the juvenile detention house. Placement

counseling, as stipulated in the Juvenile Delinquency Act, is not punishment

nor is it a means to deprive juveniles of freedom, but rather an alternative

option to provide care and protection for the juveniles in place of their

original families. These placement institutions will be assessed regularly by

Ministry of Health and Welfare. Their main function is to provide care and

protection in place of the juveniles’ original families that are unable to

provide protection and upbringing. Therefore, it is also important to make

preparations for the juvenile to return home, so from the first day on,

preparations will be made for juveniles to return home. If the investigators

believe that meetings between the juvenile and his or her family can be a

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 positive influence, then they will naturally support the arrangement of these

meetings. If it is deemed unsuitable for the juvenile to return home, Ministry

of Health and Welfare provides services for juveniles to become independent.

In recent years, when judges rule protective control for juveniles, they would

place juveniles in an environment that is familiar to them. In addition, there

is no restriction regarding the number of visits between the juveniles and

their parents. Correctional schools may enforce certain rules and policies for

management. However, in placement institutions with placement counseling,

there are no restrictions as long as there is proper communication established

with the school or institution prior to the visit.

⚫ Ministry of Justice: Families can come and visit at any time in juvenile

reform schools. Each visit can last up to 30 minutes, but the time can be

extended. Visit during special times may also be permitted. The meetings

are held in a friendly environment, and free of interference or involvement

from the school as long as the safety and order of the school are not

jeopardized.

⚫ Ministry of Health and Welfare（Department of Protective Services）: As

additional information, it should be noted that when a juvenile enters a

reform school, social workers on campus shall provide family information

of these juveniles within two weeks. When social workers of local

governments receive the information and consult on the situation with social

workers on campus, they will visit the juvenile’s parents within a month.

Afterward, social workers will accompany the parents to visit their children

regularly in the reform schools. In principle, once a month. These visits may

be visits at the reform schools, video calls, or correspondence. Most of these

families are not financially capable enough to afford transportation fees, but

they may apply for government subsidies. When a juvenile leaves the reform

school and returns home, social workers will continue to work with him/her

for at least one year to ensure that the juvenile is able to adjust his/her life

and to provide him with any services related to accommodation, adjustment,

education, and occupation to ensure a stable life for him or her.

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【Chapter 10 Follow-Up Actions on Optional Protocols】

1. Jakob Egbert Doek:

（1） Why is it that the Legislative Yuan has not ratified the Optional Protocols on the

Sale of Children, Child Pornography, and Prostitution, as well as that of the

involvement of children in armed conflicts? Child pornography is defined as any

representation, by whatever means, of a child engaged in real or simulated sexual

activities, including any drawings or virtual representations depicting children

or persons appearing to be children who are engaged in sexual behavior. These

materials and images can have a serious effect on children’s rights to dignity and

protection. There are clear guidelines for the implementation in the two Optional

Protocols. We urge the government to incorporate these into your laws and

incorporated them into the provisions that criminalize sexually abusive materials.

Ministry of Health and Welfare（Department of Protective Services）: The

content of the CRC was incorporated into the domestic laws of the ROC in 2017.

In 2015, we already accepted important concepts of the Optional Protocols, and

changed sexual transactions as written in our laws to sexual exploitation. At

present, in accordance with the Child and Youth Sexual Exploitation Prevention

Act, all forms of sexual exploitation, whether it be physical, sexual intercourse

or obscene acts in exchange for monetary or other measures; or if the child is

used as a viewing object or are subjected to the filming or documentation of

obscene images and films; or causing a child to act as a host/hostess in a bar or

club or engage in acts associated with tour escort and singing or dancing

companion services that involve sexual activities, are punishable by law and

subjected to criminal liability. As a preventative measure against these crimes,

the law stipulates that educational institutions of senior high school level and

below provide education and classes on sexual exploitation, and Internet safety

in their curriculum.

（2） The Optional Protocols mention the principle of universal jurisdiction and

recommend that state bodies abolish the double criminality rule in order to bring

perpetrators to justice when the crime in question was committed overseas. In

addition, there are also issues about whether or not a perpetrator can be

prosecuted if he is a national or just a resident of Taiwan or if the victim is a

resident. Therefore, the better option is to incorporate the content of the Optional

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 Protocols into domestic laws. What is the current progress to incorporate the

content of the Optional Protocols into domestic law? Has it been completed? The

Legislative Yuan did not formally incorporate the content of the Optional

Protocols into domestic laws. What are their reasons?

Ministry of Health and Welfare（Department of Protective Services）: The

content of the Optional Protocols has not been incorporated into domestic laws,

but Taiwan does have an act for crimes of sexual exploitation, which is the Child

and Youth Sexual Exploitation Prevention Act. If a person of Taiwanese

nationality commits sexual exploitation crime overseas, the perpetrator will still

be subjected to criminal liability regardless of whether or not the acts he or she

committed is illegal in the aforementioned foreign country. That being said, the

crime of sexual exploitation committed by foreigners residing in Taiwan is not

included in the Child and Youth Sexual Exploitation Prevention Act, as it

involves regulations regarding crimes committed by foreigners in Taiwan. As for

whether or not we can incorporate the content of the Optional Protocols into

domestic laws, at the time when the Optional Protocols were promoted, we were

revising many laws in Taiwan. Therefore, the Optional Protocols were not

incorporated into domestic laws with the CRC. At present, we have improved

our laws, we will discuss the issue with other ministries and agencies regarding

the incorporation of the Optional Protocols, and reassess the issue. On the topic

of extraterritoriality, the Child and Youth Sexual Exploitation Prevention Act has

made it clear that citizens of the ROC who commit sexual exploitation crimes

outside the jurisdiction of Taiwan fall within the realm of the sexual exploitation

crime regardless of the legality of the act in the country or region where the crime

takes place.

2. Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic （Remarks）: Regarding whether or not the Optional

Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child

Prostitution and Child Pornography should be incorporated into domestic laws, it

should be noted that the Optional Protocol is not limited to sexual exploitation, but

also the sale of children, including the sale of organs, which is also another form of

exploitation. Please do refer to the guidelines.

3. Laura Lundy （Follow-up questions on educational issues）: When teachers use

corporal punishments on children, whether physical or mental, they should be

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 punished under severe circumstances. However, how do you define severe? Under

what circumstances will a teacher be penalized? The point is that the teacher has

initiated such a punishment. If the result of the punishment cannot be seen visually,

would that be considered severe?

Ministry of Education: It will depend on how severely the child has been hurt or

injured. If a child, for example, has been subjected to maltreatment or inappropriate

discipline by the teacher, resulting in disorderly behavior in everyday life, such as

having difficulty sleeping, experiencing spurs of panic, or depression. Or, the child

may suddenly scream, have an irregular diet, and is unwilling to go to school. These

behaviors would be seen by other teachers, the child’s parents, and classmates. The

parents may file a complaint with evidence. Afterward, the school will schedule a

Teachers’ Evaluation Committee and form a small investigations team. The

investigation team will assess the evidence and determine the severity of the abuse.

If the injury or damage suffered by the child is found to be severe, then the teacher

may face dismissal, non-renewal of employment, or suspension. Some teachers may

never be teachers again. Some will be suspended for one to four years, six months

or one year. If the abuse is judged to be moderate, then the teacher may be punished

with a demerit or admonition according to relevant teachers’ performance evaluation

regulations. Additional explanation on the function of the Faculty Evaluation

Committee. Before deciding whether or not a teacher should face dismissal, non-

renewal of employment or suspension, the Faculty Evaluation Committee consisting

of the principal, parent representative, and a representative of non-administrative

faculty members that have been elected needs to be convened. If a teacher is found

to have been involved in incidents related to gender discrimination, corporal

punishment, or bullying, then the school will also hire experts on child psychology,

education, and law in accordance with the amended Teachers’ Act to review the case

of the teacher’s maltreatment or inappropriate discipline fairly and objectively.

4. Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic （Remarks）: When a teacher imposes violence on

children, it is strange that the burden of proof falls onto the children. What matters

is that the teacher imposes violence, not whether or not the children have been

traumatized as a result. This is why there should be clear definitions of corporal

punishment and violence. We should not depend on parents or children to respond.

The focus is on the teacher’s behavior.

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5. Jakob Egbert Doek （Remarks）: I want to stress again, verbally or physically, such

punishment or abuse shows a lack of respect for children’s dignity. It does not matter

if a child is mentally or physically harmed, his dignity has been harmed. If a teacher

hits a child on the buttocks, it is unacceptable regardless of whether this action leaves

a physical or psychological injury.

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 逐字稿紀錄

司儀：（會前提醒）

各位早安，我們會議將再幾分鐘之後開始，在這邊先跟各位提醒，場外備有中

英文口譯的設備，如果你有需要的話可以到場外進行借用，這邊也幫我們口譯

老師提醒一下，如果各位稍後發言代表，如果您有引用的文件或是一些紙本資

料需要協助翻譯的話，也可以先行拿到司儀台這邊我們可以幫忙交給口譯老

師，他就可以先行準備，以便稍後如果發言的時候可以即時協助翻譯，謝謝。

司儀：

2022 兒童權利公約第二次國家報告國際審查會議，審查範圍第八章至第十章，

我們會議即將開始，在這邊跟各位說明，本場會議將採用統問統答的方式進

行，請機關代表在答覆前協助舉手，會由兩側的工作人員，穿白色上衣工作人

員協助遞送麥克風，會議全程提供中英文的同步口譯，為了使口譯人員能夠清

楚的聽到發言內容，也請發言的代表注意發言的語速，這邊也提醒，我們在拿

到麥克風之後，麥克風打開後可以先停留 3 秒鐘再發言，在這邊也先跟各位介紹

現場與會的幾位長官，現場有政府機關代表團召集人林萬億政務委員，以及代

表團的副團長，衛福部的李麗芬次長，還有法務部蔡碧仲次長，以及教育部蔡

清華次長，那我們現在會議即將開始，時間交由主席。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

大家早安，這個場次是兒童權利公約第二次國家報告國際審查會議的最後一個

場次，今天要討論的是第八章、第九章以及第十章，第八章主題是教育、休閒

與文化活動，時間交給 Laura Lundy 教授。

Laura Lundy 委員：

大家早安，再次感謝各位的付出，作為第二次國家報告國際審查會議的委員之

一，我看到過去 5 年已經有了很多改變跟進展，我要問第 20 跟第 19 條，關於教

育相關的問題，關於教育我想要問一下這個幼兒園的擴張計畫，我看到有更多

的兒少現在可以進入幼兒園，但是也要注意到這些幼兒園的品質，特別是這些

公辦民營，也就是半公立的機構，我想要請教的是，怎麼樣確保這些幼教老師

接受過良好的訓練，然後鼓勵這些幼兒可以有一個安全的環境。

第二，我要問到小學以及中學教育，我們聽到兒少的意見表示學校裡的文化依

然競爭激烈，我們知道推出了 108 課綱，課綱希望能夠強調更為全面、更為全人

的教育，然而兒少指出事實上許多學校忽略 108 課綱，依然非常重視數學、國文

等，並且借調其他的課程來上這些學術課程，我的問題就要問這個學校的一些

譬如說督察這樣子的活動，那麼兒少告訴我們如果有學校督察來的時候，學校

會預先知道，老師會請他們假裝一切都非常的正常，我們想要問一下這些督察

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 是不是有機會私下跟兒少來溝通？我們也看到了一些升學考試的影響，雖然課

綱已經改變，教師的訓練也已經改變，但是看起來好像還是考試為重，那麼我

也注意到這一點，其實好像試著已經要改變多次，但是我們可以看到依然有本

末倒置的狀況，好像還是以考試掛帥、考試主導教育，不曉得這一點有沒有什

麼措施？

接下來我們提到，有一些兒少提到了他們在校園裡面是不是能夠感到很安全這

個問題，有一些兒少擔心會有身體上的暴力、有一些擔心精神上的暴力，我想

要問的是，我們昨天其實也討論過除了一般性的禁止之外，在教育相關的法令

方面，是不是有禁止教師去做這樣的處罰？是不是也包含了精神暴力或者是口

頭的霸凌？有些兒少提到教師說會在口頭上對他們進行霸凌，當然造成了很多

的影響，有時候教師用懲戒之名來懲罰兒少，那麼體罰的老師應該要受到懲

戒，我想要問一下有多少這樣子的教師被解聘？那他們如果有重大不良行為的

話，比如說教師虐待兒少的話，是不是應該要失去教師資格？有沒有這樣的做

法？

另外講到私立學校，我要請大家解釋一下怎麼樣規範私立學校？私立學校面臨

的規範有什麼不一樣嗎？

最後則是有特殊需求的兒少，不過我想 CRPD 委員會問得比較仔細，我這邊要問

的則是資源相關和預算相關，針對特殊教育的預算跟資源這方面怎麼樣規劃？

怎麼樣去增加？以便來滿足有特教需求的兒少。

繼續講到休閒與文化活動，我們跟兒少討論的時候，我們強烈地感覺到他們沒

有辦法享有休閒與文化活動的權利，兒少表示他們非常的累，如果兒少時時感

到很疲勞、精疲力盡的話，我覺得這是一個嚴重的問題，比如說補習班這樣子

的文化，當然他們是私立的機構，也不是公立學校，但是政府依然有其責任確

保兒少有休息的權利，所以問題就是政府可以怎麼樣來規範補習班呢？

另外，有一個問題是我昨天提到的，就是交通意外，我很好奇的是，就是在設

計兒童友善的空間、兒童友善的城市上面是不是有兒少參與？政府是不是有支

持這樣子的兒少參與呢？讓他們可以一起來參與設計自己遊玩、休息的場所？

再下一個問題關乎教育，我知道政府做了很多事情鼓勵兒少學習少數語言或者

是原住民語言，然而參加原住民族語言考試的學生數目很少，可能兒少覺得學

生覺得自己作為原住民，譬如說考試有加分等等這些福利被汙名化，所以我們

想問一下是不是有諮詢過原住民族學生本身，詢問他們需要什麼樣子的教育以

及休閒文化上面的支持呢？以上是我的問題，謝謝大家。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

謝謝 Lundy 教授，接下來時間交給林政委，請各位回應這些問題。

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院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

先討論幼兒園，謝謝，來，請教育部。

教育部代表：

政府在幼兒教育公共化這個工作上其實非常的努力，也增加了非常多的非營利

幼兒園，或是準公共的幼兒園等等，相對的會增加很多的教保人力，這些的教

保人力，基本上他們仍然是要符合學前教育師資格，才能夠進入這些幼兒園來

服務，所以在他們基本的幼教教師資格上是沒有問題的；另外教育部會補助這

一些的幼教教保人員，每一年都會有一定的教保人員研習，確保他們在專業上

能夠隨時的接受教育的新知並且與時俱進，包括就是 CRC 的研習，其實我們這

些幼兒園仍然是有納入教保人員的研習課程，這是幼兒園的部分，我是不是繼

續？好，第二點的話就是新課綱的實施可能我們的兒少仍然會覺得他的課

業……。

Laura Lundy 委員：

不好意思，幼保這塊我想要再追問一下，可不可跟我們講一下在幼保學生的教

師學生比，一個老師要教幾位學生呢？

教育部代表：

目前是 1：15，那我們會逐步地……。

Laura Lundy 委員：

那這個在這些幼兒園的兒少的年齡是幾歲到幾歲呢？

教育部代表：

2 歲到 6 歲。

Laura Lundy 委員：

好，謝謝。

教育部代表：

2 歲專班是 1:8，一個老師對 8 個幼兒…。在新課綱實施之後，可能會有兒少仍然

覺得課業壓力還是過大，其實教育部在很多的會議或是在政策的宣達，以及非

常多的對老師的一個宣導、研習裡面，都非常的希望學校的教育能夠落實適性

揚才，給每個孩子成就最好的自己，這樣子的一個教育理想，我們也在 109 年，

就是在新課綱實施的隔年，特別用公文去宣達，高級中等學校在評定學生的成

就跟學校的辦學表現的時候，應該肯認學生的多元表現的成果，能夠落實新課

綱的一個適性揚才的理念，我們也不斷的在強調，就是要每一個學生都有他個

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 別的特質，教育希望能夠落實、尊重學生的一個個別差異，提供每一個孩子自

我實現的機會，也鼓勵學生有多元的表現，特別強調在表達學生的學習成就跟

學校的辦學表現的時候，不能夠只留在單一的紙筆測驗成績，避免把成功或是

成就只留在紙筆測驗的分數，刻板成功的定義，在很多研習或是在政策宣達的

時候，都會不斷地強調我們應該要用心去發掘學生多元的成就，也鼓勵學生從

不同的專長面向，尊重學生發展的意願，其實也很多的故事會透過媒體，讓一

般的家長跟學生看到，比如說今年有一個高中畢業的女學生，他就沒有選擇一

般入大學的統測測驗，他選擇參加水手的考試，高中畢業已經取得水手大副的

成績通過，這個成績本來是可能在大學的階段才會通過的，那他取得這個資格

之後，他現在是到世界各地航海，那這樣的故事都會在技高的學生校園裡面一

再的引述，鼓勵學生能夠追求自己的理想，我的意思是其實雖然社會的文化沒

有辦法一下改變，但是政府在這個部分其實是非常的努力在做宣達。另外有提

到教學正常化的部分，學校有的時候會借課，把就是非考試的科目，我們所說

的藝才的課程借給數學、國文等等這樣的老師來上課，這違反教育部教學正常

化的相關規定，可能有一些縣市在督學要到校的時候會事先得到消息，會通知

學校預作準備，我想這是以往的狀況，教育部在今年已經大大的去強化這個部

分，就是也組了教學正常化的訪視委員，特別強調到學校去訪視的時候，完全

必須採取保密的行動，不能事先告知學校，這其實是整個校園文化必須要改

變，我想透過行政的督導，對於違反教學正常化的學校師長，如果確實查有違

反規定的話，我們會依成績考核辦法給予校長跟學校師長處分，這是現在法規

的規定。有關學生的體罰跟霸凌，在 2019 年《教師法》修法之後，其實已經把

體罰、霸凌導致學生身心受到嚴重傷害的這些老師，依他的行為樣態給予不同

的懲處，如果導致嚴重的身心傷害的話，他有可能會被解聘、不續聘或是停聘

等等的處分，當然也有可能稍微情節沒那麼重的話，就是解聘 1 到 4 年，或是停

聘半年以上、1 年等等的，如果沒有到這麼嚴重，也有可能依成績考核辦法予以

一定的處分，體罰或是霸凌不是只限於在身體上而受到傷害，如果有不當的對

待，或者是確實證明他是因為在言語或是不當管教的措施，造成學生身心的受

害，我們還是會依照規定予以懲處，解聘的人數會後再提供。另外私立學校它

一樣跟公立學校一樣，在《教師法》跟相關的輔導管教的一個注意事項，仍然

是必須依這個規定來處理，那我先說明到這邊，有關特殊需求的部分，是不是

我們有另外同仁來說明。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

特教，來，請。

教育部學生事務及特殊教育司代表：

有關剛才委員詢問特殊教育學生資源的部分，在《特殊教育法》裡面其實是用

法令的位階確保特教的資源，特教資源在中央部會的部分，必須要占當年度整

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 體教育經費的 4.5%，高達這個比例，然後我們要求地方政府當年度的預算要達

到 5%，所以針對特教生資源與預算是用法律位階做明確的規範跟保障。剛才委

員也有問到原住民學生的部分，目前教育部正在跟原民會共同研擬原住民升學

的相關保障，釐清原住民升學的權益，確保他們的升學名額會用外加的方式處

理，不會影響其他學生的權益，也會採取加分的制度，他們的升學方式不是只

有考試，也會採多元入學，我們透過原住民文化學習的歷程，以及多元表現的

成果，不會只用考試來判斷是不是可以讓他入學，也是希望可以引導傳承原住

民的這些文化。剛剛委員有提到語言的部分，我們會再持續地去跟學生對話跟

溝通，在《國家語言法》之後，對於原住民的語言保障，也是國家重點的政

策，我們會持續的對話、溝通，然後設計相關的考試的制度，以上先回應到這

裡。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

補習班的，是，請。

教育部代表：

有關剛剛委員提到兒少待在補習班時間過長的部分，最主要是家長對於孩子的

期待其實是很高的，我們主要要改變家長重視學習、升學影響，教育部已經委

託製作兒童人權公約家庭親職學習的媒材，裡面的內容大概會包括兒少的遊戲、

休閒時間對於兒少學習發展跟身心健康影響的部分，我們也針對這樣子的教材，

請各縣市、直轄市家庭教育中心的夥伴們，在親職教養活動當中，要跟家長說

明清楚相關的教養態度跟價值觀，這份委託研究計畫在 109 年 3 月 30 號到 110 年

9 月 30 號已經結案，相關研習的內容放在家庭教育資源網，也提供給家庭教育中

心的夥伴們在辦理研習的時候，可以提供給家長做一些參考，以上說明。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

教育部給委員解釋一下，我們的上課時間從幾點到幾點？大概有沒有什麼課外

或者課後的活動，是不是因為上課時間過長，導致學生覺得學習的壓力跟課外

活動時間太少？哪一位同仁幫忙說明一下？以及最近在很多學校在討論要不要

晚一點上課這些議題，謝謝。

教育部代表：

學生在校學習的時間其實是規定在總綱，課程綱要的總綱裡頭規定的，原則上

國小一、二年級的話，大概是 22 節到 24 節，國小三、四年級會是 28 到 31 節，

五、六年級大概是 33 到 35 節，每節上課時間是 40 分鐘，高中的話大概是 35

節，每節是 50 分鐘，基本上什麼時間到校或是什麼時間下課，會尊重地方主管

機關的規定；一般來講，偏鄉由於家長可能要帶小孩到校之後他才去上班，所

以到校的時間會稍微比較早一點，放學的話大概一般來講差不多都是到 4 點或是

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 4 點半，如果是低年級，有一些日期會是半天的時間，在高中的話，他上學的時

間原則上是 8 點到 8 點 10 分之間，下課的話我們是規定不得晚於 5 點半，如果

加上課業輔導的話，最近我們為了讓學生有更充分的睡眠的時間，所以訂定了

就是高級中等學校學生作息的注意事項，希望學校共同的集會時間每周不得多

於 1 天，也就是只有 1 天是必須早一點到學校，可能學校會有安排共同的集會時

間，其他的 4 天，你只要在第一節上課，那每個學校可能不一樣，有的在 8 點 10

分，有的 8 點 20 分，你只要在第一節上課時間到就可以了，讓學生有更充分的

休息時間，以上說明。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

謝謝，請教育部次長。

教育部蔡清華次長：

教育部政務次長蔡清華作補充，剛剛委員有提到考試影響教學，確實這是長久

以來的現象，我們新的課綱是在 2014 年總綱公布， 2019 年我們各個領域的課綱

才正式的實施，這一段時間教育部為了推動新的課綱，做了比較全面，跟過去

的課綱改革不一樣的地方，就是我們分四大領域，一個是課程與教學，一個是

設備方面的補足，然後再來的話就是各級學校師資方面的培訓，那還有一個過

去比較沒有的，就是考招連動，就是委員關心的考試領導教學，我們擔心課綱

雖然非常的有全人的想法，非常的前衛，可是老師如果沒有跟著改變，考試制

度內容還是照過去都是在知識層面的話，是沒有辦法改變、影響教室裡面的教

學，所以我們非常注意考招連動，從國中畢業升高中，還有高中畢業升大學，

這兩次最重大的升學考試的命題內容，我們都強調要跟素養導向的教學一致，

也就是說這些題目的內容，不是只有知識層面，而是從日常生活甚至跨領域去

選才來編這些題目，讓學生在回答的時候，不是靠死背的方式來回答，而是要

很靈活的運用在課堂上學習的這些知識來解答，甚至我們連教師資格考試，就

是中小學要成為老師，他要經過一個資格考試，這個資格考試的內容也是素養

導向的題目，這個方面我們獲得社會各界蠻高的一個評價，以上補充。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

交通部有同仁在嗎？你們如何來確保學童上下課的交通安全？今天交通部沒來

嗎？好，我們會後再來找交通部來把這一點他們的做法跟委員做補充。原民會

有來嗎？請說明一下，原住民的學童會覺得自己有因為一些福利或保障而被汙

名化？請原民會說明。

原住民族委員會代表：

謝謝政委，也回覆委員，首先可能政委剛剛提的問題，先回覆之前一個問題，

原住民族語認證現在是 5 級認證，其實我們從 108 年到今年，包括今年的年底報

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 考的人數來看，早期大概是高中以上，就是高中以上的族人會願意來報考認

證，但是我們發現這幾年國小，甚至在幼兒園都願意來參加我們族語認證，所

以願意參加族語認證，代表認同族語的年齡階級是越來越小的，我們現在有沉

浸式幼兒園，國小裡面也在教族語，所以大家對於族語的認同越來越高。第二

個就是有關於原住民在整個求學環境裡面，同儕或是一般社會因為沒有辦法理

解或了解原住民文化而產生一些歧視，或者是造成他認同上的一些困擾這塊，

其實《原教法》修正之後，其實他的精神叫全民原教，也就是所有的老師、所

有的學生，不管你是不是原住民，都應該接受原住民的民族教育跟學習，希望

透過這樣一個教育制度設計，慢慢消除有可能發生的一些族群文化的歧視現

象，這個部分是原民會的補充說明，謝謝。

Laura Lundy 委員：

我有一、兩個追問的問題，第一個是特教預算，剛剛提到了地方政府是 5%這樣

子的預算，那麼有特教需求的學生占全體學生的比例是多少呢？就是有多少的

學生是有這樣的特教需求呢？百分比是多少？

第二個問題，就是我剛剛問到但好像沒有得到回應的，就是在做都市規劃跟做

都市設計的時候之兒少參與，這跟昨天談到的兒少的表意權有關，怎麼樣去邀

請兒少來參與都市規劃的過程，可能臺灣還沒有開始這麼做，但是我想要了解

一下臺灣目前有這樣子的做法嗎？

Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic 委員：

我也有一個後續的問題，也就是在臺灣的話產假是多久？像是職業女性她暫離

職場但是可以有薪休產假的這個期間是多少？那如果母親必須要回到職場的話，

是不是幼兒就會去幼兒園，那如果是非常年幼的孩子，比如說 0 到 6 個月或者是

到 2 歲，政府有什麼樣的支持方案呢？他們也會去上幼兒園嗎？是公立幼兒園還

是私立幼兒園？有多少的幼保老師可以去照顧這一些極其年幼的孩子呢？以上。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

教育部請補充。

教育部代表：

剛才委員詢問有關於特教生占全體學生的比例，目前根據我們的統計，全國特

殊教育的學生大概是 11 萬到 12 萬的這個數字，占比現在請同仁在確認當中，稍

後再跟委員再做確認。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

內政部今天有人在場嗎？內政部的都市計畫有沒有兒少參與？

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內政部代表：

內政部報告，因為今天營建署沒有代表來，我們會把這個問題帶回去請我們營

建署來做補充說明。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

通知營建署在今天中午以前把資料給……。好，關於產假跟育嬰假的議題，請

勞動部說明，然後關於 0 到 2 歲的托嬰，請衛福部等一下補充，來，勞動部。

勞動部代表：

主席、各位與會代表早安，勞動部這邊針對育嬰留職停薪先進行說明，在《性

別工作平等法》中有規定，凡受雇者任職滿 6 個月以後，每一個子女滿 3 歲以前

都可以申請育嬰留職停薪，這期間子女滿 3 歲為止，3 歲以前她可以請兩年的育

嬰留職停薪，而且可以同時撫育子女兩人以上，然後父母雙方都可以同時申請，

育嬰留職停薪期間，我們有 8 個月的育嬰留職停薪的津貼，我們最近在針對育嬰

留職停薪也有在檢討，因為之前規定育嬰留職停薪它不得少於 6 個月，但是我們

最近已經把這個放寬可以申請 30 天以上的短期，就是說 30 天，至少 30 天的短

期的育嬰留職停薪，所以這個部分我們就是在工作場所的部分讓父母他可以兼

顧工作跟照顧子女的需求，那產假的部分，目前產假是 2 個月，那這 2 個月雇主

必須要支付全薪，那在產假這 2 個月的期間也有保險的給付，所以在產假期間的

經濟支持也是非常充足的，以上報告。

教育部：

補充說明剛剛委員關心的特教生人數比例，根據最新的統計，目前包含所有教

育階段，包含我們高等教育階段，全國的特教生是 15 萬 7,836，含我們高等教育

階段，包含到研究所這個階段，全國學生是 421 萬 1,731 位，那這樣算起來的話，

我們特教生占全體學生比例大概是 3.7%，以上補充，謝謝。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

勞動部有一個資訊是錯誤的，就是育嬰留停的有給薪的 paid leave 是 6 months，

它的所得替代率是 80%，請勞動部到時候給的資料要正確，關於 0 到 2 歲的

Childcare，請衛福部補充。

衛生福利部社會及家庭署代表：

有關這個 0 到 2 歲的部分我做一點說明，基本上我們對於孩子有給育兒津貼，如

果家長沒有辦法來照顧的話，0 到 2 歲的可以送到保母，或者是公共化的托嬰中

心或準公的托嬰中心去，那目前托嬰中心有跟政府簽約的準公大概占 9 成多，家

外送托的部分，家長因為沒有辦法照顧，占整體未滿兩歲的孩子大概 20.18%，

那這個部分我們就是讓家長可以選擇育嬰留停或者保母，就是在家居家的照

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 顧，還是要送給比較是機構式的照顧，讓家長是有多元的選擇，那我們盡量現

在也利用經費布建公共化的托嬰中心，地方政府整體加起來，我們希望能夠提

供公共化的大概是 1 萬多名的孩子，那準公的整個加起來大概有 8 萬多個位置，

希望家長如果有家外送托需求都可以滿足，在 113 年我們預期大概家外送托可以

達到 23 點多%，所以我們是讓家長可以選擇，你願意自己帶那你就自己帶，我

們給你育兒津貼，育兒津貼現在一個孩子一個月是 5,000 塊，那如果是家外送托

的我們也 1 個月補助家長 8,500 元，對於弱勢的我們補的更多，大概可以到 1 萬

2,500 左右，所以政府這一次也是大手筆，整個大幅提高了相關的一些經費，那

也挹注很多資源來布建公共化的一些資源，以上。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

好的，各位提供了非常多的資訊、數據、答案，非常感謝各位提供的資訊，我

們印象深刻，同時對於所有的委員來說也有很大的幫助，讓我們在結論性意見

跟建議當中能夠有更具體的一些建議提出。最後我們要看的是第九章，傳統上

第九章的名稱是特別保護措施，這裡面有很多不同的議題都在特別保護措施之

下，我們先從 Cantwell 博士開始，他主要要提問的在緊急狀況的兒少，我們請

Cantwell 博士提問。

Nigel Cantwell 委員：

謝謝主席，昨天我問提問得太長，所以我今天只問一個問題，今天早上我只問

關於這個題目一個問題，我必須要承認昨天我沒有意識到，我一問就問了那麼

久，很不好意思，所以今天我就聚焦在一個問題上，主要是請各位幫我釐清，

請主管機關幫我解釋，就是街頭兒童的狀況，針對這個議題，各位的回覆似乎

是顯示這一種所謂的棄嬰、棄兒會變成街頭兒少，不過兒少如果淪落街頭不是

因為被遺棄，而是因為離家出走，那麼基本上到街頭的兒少，淪落街頭都會影

響兒少他的生存權，所以我想知道目前在臺灣的街頭兒少的人數，這種情況是

不是比棄嬰、棄兒加起來的人數要多？還是基本上都是棄嬰、棄兒才會變為街

頭兒少？或者也有可能街頭兒少這個現象在臺灣根本就不存在？是這樣嗎？再

請幫我釐清，謝謝。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

請原來在這個 page253 這個回答混在一起，把棄嬰跟遊童不能混在一起談，要分

開談，請。

衛生福利部保護服務司代表：

謝謝委員的提問，針對臺灣在街頭兒童，應該是 focus 在自行離家，他離家的因

素有很多，包括學校的功課壓力或者是跟家長在家庭當中的一些衝突，甚至在

人際之間有一些情感的問題，因此導致在家庭裡頭他可能會選擇自行離家，那

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 在臺灣這個自行離家而家長有去報失蹤的，一年大概有 6,000 多件左右，6,000 多

位孩子，大致上之後會回來，或者是警察會去尋獲的大概也都有 9 成以上，幾乎

都會回來，回來是一件事情，但是之後他還會離家，因此我們在這個當中，我

們開始做這個對於自行離家家庭的這個功能，也就是做他的親職教育，我們開

始有社工的人員進到家庭跟父母工作，讓父母知道說孩子為什麼會離家，我們

針對這個離家的因素要做一些改善，所以我們從今年開始對自行離家兒少的家

庭的父母工作開始進行，然後我們在新的年度在《兒少法》，《兒童及少年福利

權益保障法》，會有一個新的修正，會直接把這個工作入法，也就是確保對這些

失蹤、自行離家的家庭做一些功能的調整，也對這些孩子做一些服務，這樣子

來做一些改善，做這個說明。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

委員補充一下，在臺灣 homeless，很少會帶著孩子、帶著 child 去當 homeless，

這個 case 非常非常少，如果我們發現的話，各地方政府的社會局或者警察局就

會立即介入提供協助，我們會找到符合他們需求的各種協助，不管是 run away 或

者 Push away 的，有，有這樣的案例，剛剛衛福部有跟大說明說大概有 6,000 多

個案例，會通報警察協尋，協尋找到的就會提供後續的家庭支持服務，有一些

run away 或 push away 的孩子，通常他們會找到朋友借住，這個借住被容留的那

個家庭也會做必要的通報，或者說提供主動的協助，所以這些 push away 或者 run

away 的 孩 子 ， 在 街 頭 也 不 太 容 易 看 得 到 ， 這 是 臺 灣 目 前 的 情 況 ， 臺 灣 的

homeless 的 family 或者個人 individual homeless 人數也不是非常多，比較多的是

在臺北市，我們今天在的臺北市火車站附近，還有萬華比較老的社區，另外就

各縣市的政府所在地，附近的公園或者車站有一些，但是沒有像其他工業先進

國家那樣的多，以上再做補充，謝謝。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

看起來 Cantwell 博士很滿意您的答案，所以我們就接下來的提問，同樣是在特別

保護措施這一章，我想請問特別保護措施這部分，先從經濟剝削，也就是童工

開始問起，我想相關的法規都符合國際的標準，15 歲以下不得工作，但是好像

還是針對不同的年齡群兒少有不同的規定？在問題清單裡回答非常的清楚，各

位回答得非常清楚，根據您所提供資訊經地方主管機關審核，基本上工作時間、

休息時間、保險都要符合《勞動基準法》才能夠讓兒童工作，這邊是未滿 15 歲

是可以受雇於他人提供勞務、各位都很清楚我的這個麥克風他非常的有個性，

很多時候都是想罷工，那我們就繼續，所以未滿 15 歲的兒少工作，有的時候可

能是童星去拍攝廣告或演戲，在各位提供的數據裡好像又分成不同的年齡群，

未滿 6 歲、6 歲到 11 歲還有 12 歲到 15 歲，所以我想知道的是根據相關的法規，

15 歲以上兒少他們工作的規範，不管是剛剛說的工作時間、休息時間、保險、

例假，是不是也同樣適用於剛剛所說的這些不同年齡群的兒少？如果是這樣的

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 話，我想請問一下 6 歲以下的幼兒他們這方面的規定，工作時數是多久？還是說

這部分有另外的規範？也就是 6 歲以下的幼兒、6 歲到 11 歲、12 到 15 歲的兒少

要工作，是不是在這方面工作有不同時數的規範？因為其實我不太確定這些未

滿 6 歲、6 歲到 11 歲、12 到 15 歲的兒少到底有多少人在工作，但是從這邊提供

的資訊看起來，兒少好像是可以透過這個合約然後取得酬勞去工作，所以我想

知道是工作時數。

第二個問題就是有關於勞動申訴這個部分，好像可以是由父母來代為申訴，然

後提出這些申訴的申請人，他基本上常常拒絕提供個人資料，所以就沒有辦法

代為申訴，這個申訴的人是兒少或者是父母，所以像這一類的陳情跟申訴到底

有沒有去做處理？那所以我們先談童工，其他的稍後再提問。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

勞動部。

勞動部代表：

勞動部先就《勞動基準法》對於童工的規定先做補充說明，《勞動基準法》有一

個童工章的特別規定，那只是滿 15 歲以上成年勞工就是依《勞動基準法》一般

的規定，那在我們公約裡面他有規範是規範到 18 歲以下，所以在 15 歲到 18 歲

的童工，他在本國的《勞動基準法》裡面的規定，其中比較特別的是我們有說

未滿 18 歲的受雇者，他如果要工作的話，雇主他必須取得法定代理人的同意

書，那所以 15 歲以下的話，就是依我們童工章的規定，那童工的規定沒有再區

分 6 歲以下、6 歲到 12 歲這樣子的特別規定，那所以童工的規定就如我們報告裡

面 178 點這邊所敘述的內容，除非是經過地方主管機關，依《勞動基準法》第 45

條無礙身心健康認定基準及審查辦法，如果有通過這樣子的審核，才可以使 15

歲以下的童工去從事工作。剛才也有提到童星的問題，如果他未滿 15 歲，例如

廣告公司或者是攝影公司請童星拍攝廣告，或者是童星透過經紀公司安排到電

視臺去演出戲劇，如果是透過第三人取得勞務的話，就算沒有勞雇關係，還是

必須要準用《勞動基準法》童工的相關規定，以上補充。

勞動部代表：

勞動部補充申訴部分的相關規定，勞動部設有 24 小時的 1955 勞工申訴專線，受

理的對象沒有身分別，只要是有民眾打電話進來申訴，即使他身分沒有表明，

或是說故意隱瞞身分，只要他的申訴標的，譬如說事業單位的名稱，還有違規

的事項很明確的話，還是會交由地方主管機關來查處，以上說明。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

謝謝，那麼……，感覺要等 3 分鐘麥克風才會打開，好，要再等 3 秒鐘對嗎？是

的，好。這邊是要請問 15 歲以下，這個類別的童工依然有一些困惑，如果我的

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 了解沒錯的話，也就是說要由地方主管機關來決定，有時候會有童工必須要通

過第三方，譬如說經紀人或者是父母，像是 6 歲的孩子、7 歲的孩子，可能譬如

說晚上 9 點開始工作，工作到晚上 11 點，那麼理論上會由誰來介入呢？是地方

主管機關來跟這個節目單位說，這樣子的時間不允許使用童工，是這樣子嗎？

有國內法律讓譬如說 7 歲、9 歲這樣的孩子可以在晚間 9 點到 11 點上電視節目

嗎？我要問的是由誰來管控？有這樣的管控嗎？是由誰來管控呢？15 歲以下的

孩子，就是根據統計數據來看，15 歲以下的孩子確實有勞動事實，他們會從事

不同類型的工作，如果允許 15 歲以下的孩子工作，那麼我就預期應該要有一個

很有效的制度來監督這些孩子，不會在受教權上面受到剝削，因為要去工作而

受教權受到剝奪這是 CRC 第 32 條規範的，所以我得出的結論是 15 歲以下童工

工作的狀況不甚明朗，因為是要由地方主管機關來審核，認定工作性質不妨礙

兒少的身心健康，15 歲以下的童工可能會面臨到不一樣的地方主管機關和審核

結果，所以這樣子的假設如果無誤，我這樣的假設是正確的嗎？

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

請勞動部講清楚地方政府如何審核，然後接著下來是勞動檢查是誰去檢查？那

這 31 個案件，你們資料中顯示說有違反《勞動基準法》有關童工保護規定有 31

案，那這 31 案到底是什麼樣的樣態，是不是可以跟委員多進一步說明？

勞動部代表：

勞動部先就法規部分先做補充說明，依《勞動基準法》規定，童工是不能在晚

上 8 點到隔夜凌晨 6 點夜間工作，如果雇主他有指派童工夜間工作的話，他可以

處 6 個月以下的有期徒刑，申訴的部分再請職安署報告。

勞動部代表：

跟委員報告有關勞動檢查結果，在 2019 年到 2021 年，3 年的期間統計事業單位

違反《勞基法》有關童工保護的案件是 31 件，其中主要的違反法條是雇用未滿

15 歲有 5 件，雇用未滿 15 歲而沒有向主管機關申請核可的許可的有 14 件，還沒

國中畢業要經過家長同意未出具相關同意證明的有 6 件，再來是超時工作的有 1

件，在午後 8 點工作的有 5 件，以上說明，那以上的這些違反案件，童工保護在

《勞基法》裡面都是屬於刑事法，違反的話都會送到司法審判，以上說明。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

勞動檢查這些是有人做檢舉才去做勞動檢查呢？還是說在什麼樣的情況之下知

道有這樣的嫌疑？

勞動部代表：

跟政委補充報告，事實上這些統計數字主要來自於申訴，不過有部分的數字也

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 是我們針對青少年勞工常出現的，譬如超商等相關工作場所，我有專案檢查會

特別注意童工從事工作年齡是不是符合規定，以上。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

好的，謝謝，謝謝各位針對童工和 15 歲以下童工之勞動標準的回覆。我要接下

來談毒品、藥物濫用這個類別，很高興看到濫用藥物的兒少沒有被視為是罪犯，

而是曝險兒少，他們會獲得一些諮商輔導資源，也有社福單位的一些後追，不

過針對問題清單的回復當中我看到了，如果兒少有藥癮，那麼少年法庭可以選

擇要將他們作為保護案件，或者是刑事案件來處理，也表示說使用藥物的兒少，

雖然他們並不視為是犯罪者但是依然有可能要進到少年法庭，而這位兒少有可

能被當作保護事件或者是刑事案件來處理，因此我的第一個問題就是，是否可

以釐清一下這是什麼意思呢？或許我有所誤解，不過我還是要請各位代表解釋

一下，這個跟一般規則，就是跟兒少不被視為罪犯這樣的一般規則來講好像有

點違反，因為他們有可能被作為刑事案件處理，比如說這個兒少有可能會被起

訴，因為製造販賣或者運輸非法藥物而被起訴，而在 2016 年到 2021 年間，有

1,035 位兒少經少年法院以少年刑事案件來處理，其中有期徒刑達 101 人，從統

計數據看來有期徒刑的刑責蠻嚴重的，然後也提到了其他制裁方法，比如說有

罰鍰或者是轉向的處遇，想要請教的是，針對製造、販賣非法藥物的兒少，跟

兒童權利公約第 37 條是否一致呢？因為剝奪其人身自由應該作為是最後的手段，

所以問題在於，為什麼這些被起訴的製造以及販賣非法藥物的兒少有可能會面

臨有期徒刑呢？

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

司法院回答，謝謝。

司法院代表：

謝謝主席剛剛的提問，我來跟各位說明一下，在臺灣的《少年事件處理法》，就

物質濫用的兒少，因為我們把毒品分為 4 個等級，目前 12 歲以下的兒童已經不

會由少年法庭來處理，這個是在先前的 2019 年《少事法》的修正，12 歲以下的

兒童已經不由少年法庭處理，如果 12 歲以下兒童他有使用譬如三、四級毒品，

就是我們一般說的咖啡包摻有三、四級毒品這樣的一個新興毒品，那這樣的兒

童是不會送由少年法庭來處理的，而是由學校或者是福利保護系統處理，但是

如果說他是 12 歲以上、未滿 18 歲以下，使用的是三、四級毒品也不是犯罪，這

個部分我們大概是只有行政處罰；那如果兒少 18 歲以下、12 歲以上這樣的族群

他有使用三、四級毒品，目前在 2019 年《少事法》的修正，是把他視為曝險少

年，這也是前一次委員們來台灣提出的提醒，所以在 2019 年修法，就已經把曝

險少年使用三、四級毒品、新興毒品的種類，由曝險少年事件來處理，明年 7 月

1 號之後，這類的事件會交由各地方政府設置的少年輔導委員會輔導，所以這裡

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 要向委員說明的是，在明年 7 月 1 號之後，如果少年有施用三、四級毒品，會把

他視為暴露在高風險的情境當中，這類的事件是由地方政府的少年輔導委員

會，用輔導的作為提供相關的保護、協助，甚至於有一些濫用的情形，要提供

治療、醫療處遇，如果少年輔導委員會進行輔導以後，還是認為有需要由少年

法庭處理，還是可以向法院請求處理這一類的曝險少年，這是要說明的。剛剛

有提到毒品種類有施用第一級跟第二級毒品，譬如說他施用的是二級毒品或者

是一級毒品，這時候就不是曝險了，在臺灣的刑法法律，這一類事件還是屬於

刑罰的範圍，所以如果說是 18 歲以下、12 歲以上的少年有這樣的情形，那會移

送給少年法庭進行保護事件，但是保護事件處理也不是把他視為罪犯，因為在

臺灣的少年法庭，基本上他是一個 family court 的概念，是一個問題解決法庭的

概念，所以並不是一個經由檢察官起訴，然後送到刑事法庭接受刑罰制裁的概

念，而是在我們的第一次在 1997 年《少事法》修正已經改變了，1997 年這個部

分修正其實也是受到 1989 年兒童權利公約的影響，在《少年事件處理法》的第

1 條，明確的把整個少年事件，包含剛剛主席提到的少年刑事的案件，譬如說他

有販賣毒品，那這個部分還是認為國家必須要提供一個特別的保護機制，即使

他有這些比較嚴重的犯行，國家還是可以透過少年刑事案件，所以即使是像剛

剛主席提到的被處以刑罰，可是我們在執行這些少年被告的一個刑罰，還是由

法務部設置跟教育部督導設置的少年矯正學校，也就是他其實是一個特殊教育

的機制，那這是要跟主席說明的。所以在臺灣的《少年事件處理法》，整體來說

不論他是施用哪一類型的毒品，大概都是在《少事法》的第 1 條，是為了要保障

少年的人權，什麼樣人權呢？其實就是他健全成長發展的人權，而且如果他參

與了一個販賣毒品的犯罪類型當中，如果他是受到成人的利用，利用他來進行

製造或者販賣毒品的成人，必須要加重刑罰二分之一，這也是《少年事件處理

法》的一個特別規範，以上簡單的跟各位委員做補充，謝謝。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

請法務部補充一下最近的一些進展，新世代反毒。

法務部檢察司代表：

各位委員及主席大家好，法務部檢察司報告，針對剛才司法院回答的問題，我

先補充關於少年毒品的問題，因為考量少年濫用新興毒品的問題比較嚴重，所

以在 109 年 1 月 15 號修正通過《毒品危害防制條例》第 9 條，加重成年人販賣、

轉讓未成年人的部分；另外針對成年人引誘未成年人施用毒品，或者是成年人

強暴、脅迫、詐欺，或是用其他非法方式使未成年人施用毒品的部分，都有加

重其刑到二分之一；另外在《兒童及少年福利及權益保障法》112 條第一項也有

規定，成年人如果有教唆、幫助，或者跟兒童、少年共同犯罪，也有加重其刑

至二分之一，這個是針對少年毒品的部分，我們用加重的方式來遏制成年人使

少年人犯罪。另外在新世代反毒策略行動綱領，第二期的目標是減少毒品的供

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 給，以及減少毒品的需求及傷害，然後達到阻斷毒品案件的物流、人流跟金

流，降低毒品的新生再犯。在少年的部分，執行安居緝毒專案，著重溯源跟斷

根，全面壓制境內毒品犯罪，具體作為說明如下：在境內犯罪的壓制部分，強

化區域聯防的督導機制展現緝毒的決心；在邊境管制的部分，剛剛有提到現在

少年毒品以施用新興毒品為主，所以避免新興毒品的一些先驅原料流入境內，

加強邊境管制，避免這些新興毒品流入境內作為製毒之用，接下來增加驗毒、

驗尿的能量以及效率，即時溯源新興毒品的來源，減少這些新興毒品供應，減

少少年接觸到這些新興毒品，第四點是減少新興毒品利用特定營業場所擴散的

管道，要求特定營業場所落實毒品防制的責任，例如針對青少年常常出入的網

咖，以及像 KTV 這些場所，我們賦予業者通報的責任，以上說明，謝謝。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

幾所矯正學校處理的情況。

法務部矯正署代表：

謝謝給我們機會做說明，臺灣目前有 4 個少年矯正學校，凡是少年有經過刑事或

者司法處分，如果要執行的時候，不是在監獄做執行，臺灣是在 1998 年開始就

把這些機構通通改為學校，到去年為止，我們總共有 4 個少年矯正學校執行少年

的刑事處分，這個學校校長或者是教務、學務、輔導主任都是老師，只有在做

安全維護跟生活管理的部分，是由矯正人員來處理，所以它是一個很特殊的機

構，盡量是不要像是監獄化這樣的機構，讓誤入歧途的青少年有一些不好的標

籤，所以我們的目前的機制是這樣處理的，補充說明，謝謝。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

非常感謝各位所提供的資訊，主要是針對在毒品的部分，還有各位付出很多努

力來防止兒少接觸毒品、使用毒品，不過販賣毒品其實雖然風險很高，但是利

潤也很高，所以可能有一些兒少沒有其他收入的情況之下，會被成人引誘參與

這些毒品的販賣，不過在各位的統計數據當中，如果是販賣、運輸非法藥物的

兒少，還有看起來還是有一些施用毒品的兒少，似乎還是被判有期徒刑，那現

在我知道是在矯正學校進行這樣的服刑，我希望矯正學校不是像監獄一樣，比

較像是兒少的感化矯正機構，那麼現在的問題是，為什麼在統計數據裡面顯示，

好像販賣毒品的兒少好像幾乎主要都是被判有期徒刑？這當中好像很多都是男

孩，那基本上我們也知道你沒有罰鍰這個選項的話其實很可惜，因為罰錢對於

這些孩子來說，也是會一個很大的嚇阻力量，所以為什麼這一些少年還是會被

判到有期徒刑？

法務部代表：

謝謝委員提問，根據我國的《毒品危害防制條例》，其實販賣毒品的部分法定刑

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 是很重的，例如說販賣、運輸、製造一級毒品，法定刑是在無期徒刑以上的，

規定要處無期徒刑，若是二級毒品的話是 10 年以上，如果是三級毒品是 7 年以

上，如果是四級毒品是 5 年以上，所以說如果說少年涉犯販賣、運輸或製造毒品

的話，法官在量刑的時候一定要在這法定刑以上，原則上這些都是屬於重罪，

所以就是法院依照法律規定，基於這些考量來做量刑，以上說明，謝謝。

司法院代表：

我補充一下，關於如果是少年涉嫌販賣毒品，就如剛剛法務部代表所說的，因

為在臺灣對於毒品的氾濫提出的策略，其實就是對於販賣、製造或者運輸毒品

的，大概是處以一個比較重的刑罰，如果是少年，18 歲以下、14 歲以上的少年

觸犯這樣的刑罰，的確可能會面臨的是一個比較重的自由刑的剝奪，不過在臺

灣少年是不能夠處無期徒刑的，所以剛剛法務部代表雖然有提到無期徒刑這樣

的一個選項，但是在少年身上是不適用的，加上他的行為是未滿 18 歲，所以會

獲得至少 1 次的減刑。如果法官在少年事件形式的量刑處罰，臺灣已經準備進行

這樣的妥適量刑法基本法的量刑準則訂定，未來少年刑事被告的量刑，也會由

《少年事件處理法》進行一個少年量刑的特別準則的訂定，舉例少年法庭，如

果熟悉臺灣的《少事法》，我們有調查官的制度，調查官的制度其實是協助法官

了解，這個少年觸犯這麼嚴重的刑罰，背後有沒有什麼樣的一個成因，譬如剛

剛主席提到的他是不是因為經濟上的困難，他在社會上生存的困難，導致被毒

品的集團所利用，甚至於是其他犯罪集團所利用，那這些透過調查官的調查，

在整個少年刑事案件，其實法官也可以交給調查官去進行這些相關的調查，尤

其如果少年他身心有一些特殊的需求，舉例來說，很多的少年其實可能是先有

的物質濫用的行為，譬如說他施用毒品，但是在目前少年法庭對施用毒品的少

年，其實不會處以自由刑，從統計數字上可以看得出來，目前少年如果施用

一、二級毒品其實被處以自由刑的，大概統計數據上只有兩位，也就是如果說

少年只是施用毒品，少年法庭通常會讓他進入一些過渡性的教育措施，譬如說

在 2019 年的《少事法》修正，教育部已經提供了中途學校，少年法庭可以透過

轉向處分讓他到中途學校，衛福部也提供了譬如說類似我們茄荖山莊，他是草

屯療養院附設的一個中途型的家園，協助這些少年來戒除這樣的一個物質濫用

行為，但是如果說他涉及的是共同製造、販賣、運輸毒品，那少年法庭會充分

運用調查官的制度，就《刑法》第 57 條的量刑的一些事由，從特別預防的角

度，不是從一個應報的角度，因為少年其實在 18 歲之前會觸犯這麼嚴重的販賣

毒品，背後的社會成因、家庭成因，或者是他在社會發展歷程的成因，可能都

是一個非常重要的考量，跟一般成年人的販賣毒品可能是會不太一樣的，法官

在量刑的時候，就會參考這些的情形做妥性的量刑，不過最主要原因是，刑罰

對於販賣毒品的確是採取一個比較重刑的策略，即使少年透過這些量刑的個別

參考事由，可能法官在刑罰的種類的選擇上，大概也只能夠盡可能的，讓他不

要施以太長的自由刑的剝奪，以上補充，謝謝。

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Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

謝謝，我聽到的是在對抗毒品之使用以及製造的時候，製造、販賣及運輸似乎

是一個重點，當然這好像是使用毒品之前的一些前置的犯罪，我想這個在法律

當中非常清楚的規範，製造、販賣及運輸非法藥物看起來一定要判特定期間的

有期徒刑，甚至是無期徒刑，不過無期徒刑並不適用於兒少，我想這也可能解

釋了為什麼有一些兒少會被判有期徒刑。

接下來進入另外一個主題，性剝削與性侵害，在我們最後一章第十章的重點是

兩個任擇議定書，譬如說有一個兒童賣淫跟色情問題的任擇議定書，但是第 24

條其實也提到了性剝削跟性侵害的問題，締約國應該採取一些措施因應這些特

定的問題，那麼再回到買賣兒童、兒童賣淫跟買賣色情這個任擇議定書，就是

OPSC 這個任擇議定書，我們來看一下立法方面，在各位對於問題清單的回復當

中，有提到臺灣的政府將 OPSC 這個任擇議定書的條款納入了國內法令，這個部

分我也有一些問題，首先要問的是第 34 條，性剝削或性侵害的受害者有緊急安

置期達 72 小時，然後主管機關可以請法院延長安置，那麼但期間不得超過 3 個

月，也可以再要求延長安置，但期間不可超過 2 年，這樣子的安置，可以由這個

兒少福利機構、寄養家庭、中途學校，或者教育機構等等來進行這樣的安置，

這樣子的安置是否有經過評估？是否合理呢？因為我們這邊談到的是，受害兒

少他可能是由第三方來傷害了他，也有可能是家內，那在這樣的狀況之下，如

果法院認為有安置必要者可以延長到兩年，是不是也會協助兒少返家返回父母

的身邊呢？這是第一個問題。還有一個問題是蠻特別的一項資訊，非常感謝各

位代表的提供，也就是針對加害人，我想之前已經討論過，是不是有可能命家

內性侵害事件的嫌疑人遷出住家？那我們看到回應當中也提到了，因為相對人

或加害人有可能擁有這個房產，但是依然有可能可以命加害的嫌疑人移出住

家，但是如果這個家內人士他並不住在兒少的住所，比如說他有可能是一個住

在其他地方的親屬，如果這樣子的狀況之下，會發生什麼樣的狀況呢？這個加

害者會面臨什麼樣子的對待呢？如果加害者不與兒少同住的話，他會面臨什麼

樣的情況？以上是第二個問題是針對加害者的問題。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

從 72 小時到 3 個月、兩年有沒有經過評估？謝謝。

衛生福利部保護服務司代表：

好，謝謝，在我們國家兒童遭受性剝削，在法裡頭就很清楚視為他是被害人，

但是在性剝削的行為樣態裡頭有 4 類，有一種是使兒少為對價的性交或猥褻，這

是一種，第二種是使兒童為性交或猥褻以及供人觀覽，這是另外一類，那第三

類就是拍攝、製造這種性影音，這個是另外一類，還有另外就是比較傳統的，

讓兒少坐檯、陪酒做一些伴遊、伴唱這樣的一個工作，就有 4 大類，基本上如果

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 這一些孩子遭受到剝削，經過警方的救援之後會通知社工，社工到場會就孩子

的就學、就業、生活適應，還有人身安全以及家庭保護的教養功能，綜合判斷

是不是要列為保護個案，或者不用列為保護個案；如果要列為保護個案，就會

有後續的緊急安置，以及繼續安置的措施，所以是經過一個嚴謹的評估，評估

這個兒少他遭受的性剝削的原因。回歸到他是我們說的被害人，所以後續的被

害人扶助會跟一般的受虐的兒童，或者性侵害的兒少是一樣的，都是在這個社

工的協助，包括他的身心復原等等，當中也會有不斷的評估，每半年都會有一

個評估，他適合結束保護安置就會回到原生家庭，在這個過程當中，原生家庭

也需要做一些家庭處遇，增加他的保護因子，所以跟受到緊急安置的一般兒

少，都會有漸進式的返家輔導；如果他沒有辦法返家，後續也會提供自立的扶

助方案，昨天也跟委員做了說明，這個是有關兒少遭受性剝削在處理上面的工

作。命加害人遷出部分，基本上遭受性暴力的孩子，目前看起來一年大概有

8000 件左右的性侵害案件，包括成人，其中家內的性侵害大概占 13%左右，13%

的這個比例，其中有 15%會安置，就是讓被害人離開家，另外 85%是會留在家

裡，那也就是說有 15%會離開家，當然原因就是可能這個家庭的保護因子不

夠，或者是有其他複合式的問題，沒有辦法讓他在家裡，聲請保護令命加害人

遷出，可能也沒有辦法達到保護孩子的目標，所以採取我們說的替代性措施，

大概是這樣子。如果加害人是親屬，沒有住在一起，例如表哥或者是其他的親

屬成員，因為性侵害基本上是刑事案件，性剝削也是刑事案件，所以在刑事案

件過程裡頭，可以符合《家庭暴力防治法》，也可以聲請民事保護令作為遠離，

禁止加害人接近被害人，包括他的住所、他的學校、他固定會常常出入的一些

場所，都可以做遠離，但是這個案件到最後會是刑事審判，一旦判決確定，加

害人就要到監獄服刑，那我想可以搭配《家庭暴力防治法》來做一些運用，保

護令可以命他遠離，我想這部分也是常常使用的，以上說明。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

剝削的受害人，他是學生就會被……，而且不適合在原生家庭附近的學區就學，

就會被安置在臺灣現在有 3 所中途學校，一所在新北市離這裡比較近，一所在花

蓮、一所在高雄，就讓這些受性剝削的孩子進入到這 3 所，有國小、國中，甚至

於到高中階段，讓他們繼續的接受教育直到他畢業為止，避免他以後因為沒有

學歷、沒有一技之長，而又會被性剝削，謝謝。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

好，正如之前所說，我會來談一下任擇議定書下面的性剝削跟性侵害，接下來

我要問的是，比如說一些觸法少年和司法少年的問題，首先，很高興看到可以

廢除虞犯，他們現在是被視為曝險少年，必要的時候可以有特定的保護，7 歲到

12 歲的兒少，雖然觸法但是也不會以刑法來處置，最低的刑事責任年齡是 14

歲，那 12 歲、13 歲這個年齡層則是蠻特別的，他們如果觸法的話，屬於一個非

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 常特別的類別，那麼《少年事件處理法》會將 12 到歲 18 歲少年觸法的案件分

類，分為少年保護事件跟少年刑事案件，根據回復當中的圖表，我們可以看到

一個案件是怎麼樣進入少年司法程序，根據這個處理流程圖，審前會有一些調

查，然後來決定這個案件應該要進入保護流程還是刑事流程，如果沒有進入保

護案件的話有兩個選擇，如果是輕罪，可能檢察官會裁定不付審理，或者是有

可能移交給檢察官，而保護處分有可能是訓誡、保護管束，或者是交付安置於

適當的場所，或者是令入感化教育處所來施以感化教育，這些措施也剝奪人身

自由，應該也作為最終的手段，現在我在談的還是少年法庭，針對 12 歲到 18 歲

觸法的少年會有一些保護的處分，最後還是有可能會把孩子送到感化教育處

所，所以問題是，交付保護處分到最後，還是有可能讓孩子進入感化教育處

所，那麼這一個決定是在整個評估這個孩子，是不是確實有觸犯刑罰的行為之

後才會到這個步驟嗎？另外如果我剛剛所說的安置機構，會是無限期安置在那

裡嗎？那麼就算不是無限期的話，是不是有定期的去檢視、評估這個安置決

定？讓這個安置的期間能夠盡量縮短，第三個就是安置輔導，剛剛說了可能會

長達兩年，我不知道安置輔導跟一般的輔導差別是什麼，我想請各位再幫我釐

清一下安置輔導的定義。最後，我想也要附帶一提，那就是我非常感謝各位針

對這一個問題回應，當中提出了非常詳盡的資訊，哪一些孩子他們符合保護處

分，而且在法律扶助的部分，不管是保護處理、刑事案件程序，處理的孩子都

可以獲得法扶的協助，這一點我非常的肯定，所以 12 歲到 18 歲的兒少進入少年

法庭，然後會有兩個路徑，一個是保護事件程序，另外一個是少年刑事案件程

序，但是在保護事件程序最後，還是有可能把孩子送到感化教育處所，我的問

題到這邊。

司法院代表：

謝謝主席對於這個少年司法的制度的再次垂詢，首先我先來簡單的說明一下，

臺灣的《少年事件處理法》，在 1997 年其實已經做了一個非常大幅度的改變，成

為少年健全成長發展權主要的一個立法目的，在沒有法律修正之前，主要是以

社會秩序、社會治安的角度看待少年這些觸法的行為，也就是如果是 14 歲跟 18

歲以下的一個少年，在過去只有刑罰，其實是由檢察官透過偵查的程序確認少

年有犯罪嫌疑，再由刑事法庭透過審判程序決定要處以什麼樣的刑罰，但是

《少年事件處理法》不是這樣的功能，主要功能其實是避免在刑罰謙抑原則之

下，透過這樣制度性的保障，維護少年在成長發展當中，可能發生這些觸犯刑

法法律的行為，這是第一點要跟大家做報告的，也就是《少年事件處理法》之

於《刑法》，跟《刑事訴訟法》，其實是另外一個制度性的保障，為了讓少年不

要受到刑罰過度的危害，在他的成長過程當中，用什麼樣的方法來實現這樣的

立法目的，就是透過先議權的制度。主席剛剛提到的少年法庭受理這些 12 歲以

上、18 歲以下少年的觸法行為，其實是主要由警察機關，也可以由任何人向少

年法院報告，少部分也是會由檢察官把這樣的少年案件移送給少年法庭，如果

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沒有移送給少年法庭行使先議權，在程序上面是會被認為違背法令的，也就是

不允許的，這時候少年法庭就要發揮他的角色跟功能，他的主要角色不是在確

認這個少年觸犯了什麼樣的犯罪行為，而是要去了解為什麼他會發生這些行

為？所以我剛剛前面有跟各位介紹，少年法庭除了法官要有專業的訓練跟資格

的取得之外，還配置有調查官，還有心理的測驗員跟心理的輔導員，也就是引

進了處理、了解少年行為背後的成因是什麼，譬如他的家庭環境，學校的學習

環境為何中輟，或者是他的平常相處的這些朋友，都可以由調查官來進行這樣

的保護性的評估，也就是主要的評估工作，其實這樣的一個全面的調查工作，

經過這樣的評估之後，調查官會向法官提出一些處遇的建議，這時候如果認為

情節輕微，就可以有一個轉向處分，如果情節輕微就可以做不付審理，也就是

司法不介入少年的成長，那如果需要進行短期的輔導，可以選擇假日來進行這

些生活的輔導，或者是交給家長去進行這樣的保護教養，或者是連結學校的輔

導資源，透過《學生輔導法》的三級的預防機制，在 2019 年《少事法》修正，

在行政院就是林萬億政委的大力協助之下，現在也有一個兩院的政策協商平

台，引進這些相關少年成長需求的資源，提供這些保護處分的一個須保護性的

評估。所以剛剛您提到的，譬如說以安置輔導處分來說好了，原則上法官會選

擇安置輔導處分，主要目的是他的原生家庭功能可能不足保護教養這個孩子，

舉例來說，如果少年被發現他施用 K 他命，其實是一個物質濫用的情形，經過

調查官進行家訪之後發現，他的家人通通都在施用毒品，這時候為了阻絕少年

在使用毒品的家庭環境當中，甚至於說他在校園裡面，可能就經常跟這些使用

毒品，甚至於販賣毒品的成人一起交往的話，這時候法官就有可能透過調查官

的建議，可能會選擇安置輔導的保護處分，也就是讓他離開原來生活的家庭、

學校及社區環境，所以這個是法院會評估選擇安置輔導的保護處分。我要說明

一下，這個部分的安置輔導，跟《兒少法》的緊急安置，或是其他安置的行政

措施是不一樣的，一定要有少年非行的成因確認，譬如說使用 K 他命，剛剛委

員有提到安置輔導期間，目前《少年事件處理法》是至少 2 個月以上，2 年以

下，至於時間的長短，大概就是會由保護官在執行過程中，如果認為有需要停

止這樣的安置輔導處分，就可以停止，有必要的時候也可以延長，延長的時間

也是 2 年，這個目的無他，都希望能夠阻絕原來他的生活環境，對他未來有所協

助，在成長的路上能夠讓他不至於在原來不可逆的環境當中，受到一些不利的

影響，這個部分也要向委員再進一步的做說明。少年法庭雖然有針對，剛剛委

員提到保護處分的適用對象，包含 12 歲跟 13 歲，也就是不具有刑事責任年齡的

少年，但是我要再次說明，少年法庭在這裡並不是犯罪處理刑罰的法庭，它其

實是一個問題解決的法庭，少年法庭在臺灣對於 12 歲跟 13 歲的少年，其實是希

望能夠針對他的這些行為問題背後的成因，提供一些需保護性的評估，並且連

結行政部門，主要行政部門是教育部或者是衛福部，甚至於是勞動部，能夠連

結這些資源，進行相關處遇性的提供。至於剛剛提到的感化教育，專業訓練上

要求法官，盡可能落實最後手段性原則，也就是感化教育其實是法院最不得已

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 使用的一種選擇，也就是大概沒有其他的方法可以選擇的時候，法官才可能選

擇這個方法，再次強調，剛剛其實法務部的同仁有介紹，4 所的矯正學校除了處

理少年刑事被告的刑罰，用教育刑的內涵執行之外，對於裁處感化教育的少

年，也是運用少年矯正教育，希望在教育部的督導之下，讓少年成長當中這些

行為的問題，能夠透過矯正教育健全的建置，目前我所了解的，法務部也在跟

教育部進行少年事件矯正教育實施通則的修正，希望未來矯正教育、感化教育

的執行，能夠發揮協助少年的健全成長發展，而不只是預防犯罪，或者是刑罰

的代替品，而是為了他的健全人格成長的一個機會跟可能，以上補充，謝謝。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

補充一下，剛剛提到的，在裁定交付保護處分的第三種情況，是交付少年到福

利或者適當的機構，通常在臺灣是少年之家，或是各種類型的少年福利機構，

如果他有醫療的需求才會到醫療機構，或者他有教育需求會到過渡性的教育措

施，通常在英文叫做 alternative education，那這裡在處理的輔導，是在特定的機

構環境之下的輔導，跟一般學校裡面的學生輔導有差別，一般學校裡面的學生

輔導由 school social worker，或者 school counselor 提供給一般的學生，那如果安

置到這幾種機構內的，機構有不同的一些專業，當然也很多都是 social worker 在

做，也有 counselor 在做，因為他們會被放到、安置到這幾類機構，通常是他的

家庭功能比較脆弱，或者親職教養相對的失功能 dysfunction，所以這種情況之下，

就有點像 boarding school 那樣，要照顧他的包括生活起居等等這些，那當然最重

要是要如何處理這些孩子離開機構之後，他們能夠獨立自主的生活，所以有比

較多的是要銜接社會，要跟社會或是以後的就業機構銜接，所以這個安置輔導

的種類、功能，或者提供的方案就要比較多元，以上做補充，謝謝。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

謝謝各位提出的回覆，特別是在兒少犯罪之後的兒少保措施，謝謝大家說明，

在報告當中我也看到了修復式正義，法院可以將少年先交付到適當的機構，那

麼我想問一下修復式的正義是政府規定要實施嗎？必須要符合某種條件才會實

施嗎？有什麼樣子的團體或者是機構提供修復式正義呢？修復式正義的方法是

什麼呢？這方面有相關的資訊嗎？譬如說調解會議這樣子的方式或其他的方式

呢？這是關於兒少修復式司法的問題。下一題則是它的結果如何？有多少的案

件？修復式司法是否很成功呢？對於比如一位 16 歲的兒少來說，他經歷了修復

式正義或修復式司法的過程之後，最終的決定會是什麼？比如說檢察官或法院

這樣子的司法程序，是不是有可能依然會在修復式司法的過程都已經走完之

後，依然使得這一位兒少有一個刑事的前科？

司法院代表：

好，這個部分我先請我們林法官來做一個說明，有必要我再來補充。

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司法院林法官：

是，謝謝委員的垂詢，首先就這個修復式的規定，目前在《少事法》已經有在

運作，是在《少事法》第 29 條規定，包含了法院在作為裁定之前，可以轉介給

適當的機關、機構跟團體來進行修復，譬如說目前一個所謂的修復模式，是由

法院轉介給專業的機關、機構或者個人來進行修復，那目前整個關於修復的相

關規範，目前司法院正在研議當中；剛剛委員所提到修復專業的部分，這些專

業團體我們會有開設相關的課程，因為少年事件的修復有別於成人的修復，有

不一樣的地方，所以對於目前這些修復團體跟機關，司法院在法官學院會開設

針對少年的特殊需求，跟少年特殊保護目的的專業研習課程，會要求這樣的團

體來進行這樣的修復，那對於修復的程序之後，跟原本的保護事件，或者這個

刑事案件的部分，因為修復只是少年保護事件或是少年刑事案件整個當中的處

理，要進入這樣的修復程序，原則上一定要經過當事人同意，換句話說，也是

要尊重少年本身的意願，跟被害人這邊的，或者是說參與修復程序的這些人的

意願，所以要進行這樣的修復，法官也會進行相關的選案，認為說適當進行修

復，對少年的一個健全成長是有幫助的話，才會讓這個案件進入修復的程序；

進入修復程序之後，因為也擔心會不會因為對於未來保護處分的決定，或者是

未來量刑的輕重，影響到這個少年參與修復的意願，我們希望他在自由意志的

情況之下決定，是否要進入修復程序，所以基本上會跟他說明修復的程序，要

進入這樣的修復程序是要基於他自主的意願，不會因為他沒有參與這樣的程

序，就影響、加重他的刑期，或者是加重他的量刑，保護處分的決定。如果最

後修復已經達成共識，未來在保護處分的決定，或者是刑事案件裡面，少年刑

事案件裡面的量刑決定，基本上還是從他的需保護性的角度來做最後的裁量，

換句話說，他在修復程序當中表達的意願，跟他的一些行為狀況，會做為整個

需保護性，就是說這個少年是不是需要後續的保護處分跟量刑，是不是要做這

樣子的一個考量，那我們會一併做斟酌，但是不會因為他沒有參與這樣的程

序，或最後沒有辦法達成共識，就一定會對他做成比較相對不利的最後的判

斷，以上說明，謝謝。

司法院代表：

委員我再補充一下，就是少年的修復式正義（Restorative justice，RJ）

，跟 18 歲

以上的成人 RJ 是應該要有所不同的，舉例來說，少年我們常常會在個案當中發

現，有一些少年在這個事件他可能是行為人，他可能是觸犯刑罰法律的行為人、

加害人，但是他可能昨天其實是被害人，所以其實在這樣一個適不適合進行少

年修復式正義，我想選案是很重要的，事前的評估是非常重要的，因為修復式

正義主要的功能，其實是要處理人跟人之間的關係，譬如說被害人跟這個少年，

如果他是行為人、加害人，他們適不適合透過專業的協助，就是修復促進者，

這個修復促進者他可能也必須對少年事件這樣一個法理要有所認識，而不是譬

如說強要少年去賠償、道歉，少年如果經濟不許可，家庭環境也不許可，可能

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 對他造成這樣一個傷害事件，可能也無力賠償，所以修復式正義不應該成為另

外一個譬如民事損害賠償的場域。但是如果說在專業的協助之下，他們透過修

復式正義的過程，透過平等的對話跟關係的緩解，這些他所付出的努力，少年

法庭都會透過這些修復式正義，或者是他們的專業團體提出的結案報告，給予

審酌跟考量，這也是被害人他的損害填補，還有是不是能夠取得對少年成長這

樣的需求當中的諒解，我想這是我們賦予少年的修復式正義，不同於其他的修

復式司法的特別功能，所以我們目前正在發展，必須要誠實的跟委員報告，少

年的修復式正義即使在國際上聯合國的修復式原則，通常也是針對成人的形式

的司法發展出來的替代性的機制，所以少年的修復式正義如何在臺灣發展，我

想我們也還在建置當中，所以剛剛我的同仁有報告，這些相關的法規命令，我

們目前也都還在研究擬定當中，以上補充，謝謝。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

謝謝各位針對修復式司法的回應，這個主題很值得再探討一天，不過各位說的

沒錯，修復式司法針對兒少、針對成人有不一樣的做法，那麼兒少權利與司法

制度這個主題，在一般性意見可以看到，然後我們也可以看到轉向處遇的說明，

這些在國際的標準當中也有諸多討論。好的，下一個問題，是受到人身自由剝

奪的兒少，我不想要再提他是一個最後手段，我要問的是實務，特別是第 37 條

提到，受到人身自由剝奪的兒少，或者是被拘留的兒少，依然有權與家人聯絡，

此處的問題是，在臺灣，兒少受到人身自由剝奪時有沒有什麼法令、有沒有什

麼規範，提到他們與家人相聚的權利呢？譬如說受到安置的兒少，或是被剝奪

人身自由的兒少，有沒有可能他們所處的機構，是盡量選一個離家人最近的地

方？法官在決定安置的場所時會有一些考慮，那麼兒少是否仍能夠跟家人保持

聯繫呢？那可能是因為犯罪而受到安置的兒少，作為一個懲罰他被安置了，那

麼這位兒少在少年觀護所成年了，到了 18 歲他是不是要在少年觀護所繼續待到

期滿為止？還是說到了 18 歲，就要被移往另外一個成人的機構呢？譬如說成人

的監所，以上是針對人身自由剝奪的問題。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

跟我們說明一下，一般規定，然後等一下再請法務部矯正學校的會面或者說聯

絡，保護司，謝謝。

司法院代表：

好的，謝謝你再次垂詢關於少年法庭對於收容的決定，也就是少年的人身自

由，他其實是被拘留在少年觀護所這樣的場域的問題，我先說明一下，這個就

是您提到的兒權公約第 37 條，也是少年法庭法官必須要遵守的基本原則，也就

是非不得已，其實法官不會裁定收容少年在少觀所，在《少事法》第 26 條的規

範，少年法庭只有兩種情形，原則上是不能收容，也就是收容是例外的，那兩

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種情形是什麼呢？就是說他責付不能，少年有時候他在外，譬如說剛剛我們提

到有離家的少年，他在外被警察機關發現他有觸犯刑法法律的行為，深夜被警

察局可能就移送到少年法庭，這時候少年法庭第一個優先，如果聯絡不上家

長，那一定會依法通知社會局請社工來陪同，在他進行警察詢問的過程，並且

要告知這些相關的程序事項，就是要進行權利告知，包含如果說他要選任輔佐

人，也就是選任律師，大概都要踐行；少年法庭進行相關案情了解之後，原則

上過去在衛福部協助之下，大概也是會通知社會局，責付給社工讓他照顧一個

晚上，那可能第二天可能就可以找到家長把他送回家，所以這時候法院進行責

付，如果能夠責付，大概可以責付給相關的機關，這個相關機關就是包含社會

局，也可以責付給相關的福利教養機構，那如果說第二種情形是不宜責付，也

就是少年如果其實是經常性的施用新興毒品，家長可能也沒有辦法緩解這樣的

情形，少年觀護所在 2019 年修正之後，有一個特別的功能，就是鑑別的功能，

少年如果說有需要鑑別的需求，也可能會被法官裁定收容在少觀所進行鑑別，

法務部其實在 2019 年之後，也參考外國的法治，引進這些相關的鑑別功能，所

以有一些少年的行為問題，是需要有鑑別的觀察，這個鑑別觀察可能就需要行

為科學，包括心理或者心理精神醫療專家的協助，尤其是有一些特殊身心需求

的少年，所以這大概是法官在責付不能或者不宜責付的時候，例外才會把少年

收容在少觀所。委員剛剛提到少年觀護所收容的時間，即使少年被移送給檢察

官提起公訴，只要他未滿 20 歲、未成年，其實就可以一直收容在少觀所，包含

羈押，如果滿 20 歲了，如果是少年的刑事被告已經經由檢察官起訴了，這時候

就會在成年之後移往看守所，因為他已經不適合跟未成年人同時被收容在少年

觀護所，在臺灣的矯正機關也非常的踐行成少分離，避免少年跟成年人同時被

收留在同一個拘留場所，受到一些不良的影響，這大概是跟委員報告關於收容

的情形。至於剛剛還有提到安置期間，我要再次說明，《少事法》的安置輔導處

分，基本上不是刑罰，目的也不是要剝奪少年人身自由，其實是替代原生家庭

的照顧，保護處分的種類選擇，這個部分就是選擇了安置的機構，除了剛剛林

政委有提到的過渡性教育措施，或者一些醫療場所之外，主要是由衛福部定期

評鑑的少年安置機構，這個安置機構主要功能，是替代他原生家庭的保護教養

不足，所以這時候做返家準備就是重要的，安置輔導期間，保護官如果認為家

長跟他的會面探視，其實是沒有不良影響，原則上是鼓勵的，因為少年安置那

一天開始，就要做返家的準備，如果他不適合返家，衛福部也有提供一些自立

生活，甚至於住屋津貼這些相關的替代性措施，讓少年不至於在結束安置之

後，沒有一個家庭可以回返。這幾年來，安置輔導處分在少年法庭，其實已經

是比較少選擇的保護處分種類，法官通常會選擇用保護管束，也就是讓少年盡

可能留在他本來熟悉的社會環境當中，不至於讓他覺得被原來的家庭或者社會

環境所隔絕，這個部分也要向委員做一個補充說明，以上，謝謝。

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Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

所以我的問題是說，孩子是不是可以在安置期間跟家人聯繫，所以我想知道到

底可以跟孩子家人多久聯繫一次，會面時間多長等等，這個資訊請提供。

司法院代表：

主席，他跟家人會面是沒有次數限制的，也就是說只要家長他時間上允許，這

個中間其實是並沒有說多久才能見一次，但如果是在矯正機關，可能矯正機關

會有一些管理上的需求，如果說是在安置輔導的機構，只要跟學校或者是安置

機構做一個事前的聯繫跟安排，跟家長之間的聯繫跟會面，應該是不至於受到

一些限制，這大概是少年法庭在執行安置輔導，這樣的一個執行過程的場域，

不知道接下來是不是可以請政委請矯正機關。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

來，矯正學校的例子。

法務部矯正署：

矯正署報告，有關於少年矯正學校的學生接見家屬，隨時都可以來接見，而且

接見時間一般是以 30 分鐘為主，但是可以增加，或者是在特定的時間裡面也可

以准許他來接見，那接見時候的環境，都在一個非常和善的環境裡面來做接見，

接見的內容跟接見的狀況，除了危害機關的安全跟秩序以外，機關是絕對不會

去任意地聽聞，這個部分報告，謝謝。

衛生福利部保護服務司代表：

那我們繼續補充，我們的少年受到人身自由剝奪，進到矯正學校這樣的孩子，

我們知道他們在這階段非常想家，我們也知道他的父母對於這一群的孩子，因

為家庭的關係，讓他進到矯正學校，那父母難免是對孩子有很多的愧歉，或者

是遺憾，甚至很難過，所以我們協助這一群矯正學校的孩子，他一旦進到矯正

學校，學校的社工會在兩周內把這些孩子家庭的資訊，包括他的通訊，或者是

家長的姓名等等這些資料會給我們，我們每個縣市都有社工，拿到這些資料之

後，會先跟學校的社工了解這孩子目前的狀況，同時會在 1 個月內訪視這個少年

的父母親，取得聯繫，然後會定期的陪同父母親到矯正學校會面探視，原則上

大概就是 1 個月 1 次，有可能到現場、到學校去，也有可能透過視訊的方式，甚

至寫信，那如果這些家庭多數是比較弱勢的，可能交通或經費的部分都有困

難，政府也會補助，總之在這段時間家庭跟孩子不會失去聯繫，家長甚至會主

動到學校會面探視，少年如果離開矯正學校回到社區、回到家裡，社工也會繼

續陪這個孩子至少 1 年，提供他居住方面還有生活適應上面，甚至就學、就業上

面讓他穩定，能夠回歸正常生活，做這樣的補充。

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Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

非常感謝提供這些資訊。那麼接下來最後一個要問的就是性剝削，尤其是針對

兒童賣淫、兒童色情問題，兒童權利公約任擇議定書，事實上在談到兒童色情、

兒童性剝削等這些材料，現在很多都混在一起談了，不過我要問的是這個任擇

議定書目前在臺灣法律體系的位置，就我們所知，臺灣已經把 OPSC 任擇議定書

當中的內容納入相關的施行法，但這個兩個任擇議定書，包括了兒童色情問題

任擇議定書以及兒童捲入武裝衝突問題任擇議定書，是不是國會都已經批准了？

這是我第一個問題，為什麼國會沒有一起通過這兩個任擇議定書？

另外就是有關於兒童色情的定義，只要是任何，不管是任何的途徑讓兒童從事

實際或者模擬的這種性行為，或者是製作相關的影像，在這部分，我想有很多

的材料大家都很清楚，線上、實體都可以看的到，不管是用圖畫描述兒童，或

好像是兒童的人從事這種性行為，或者是猥褻的行為，那麼根據兒童權利公約

委員會，這一類內容、圖像對於兒童的尊嚴、人權都有非常大的傷害，那麼在

這兩個任擇議定書其實也有一些實施準則，我會建議可以納入貴國的法律當中，

如果有這類兒童色情的圖像、影像，應該要把他納入性虐待相關的罰則當中，

所以如果把兒童色情任擇議定書的內容，納入預防兒童色情問題的這些條款的

話，那麼這一類虛擬的兒童色情圖像在內，都應該要把他當作性虐待相關的刑

罰來做處理，也就是說，這些色情文件應該當作是兒少性虐待的材料來做刑罰

處理。另外是不是也有這一種，也就是治外請求，治外法權的這個概念，也就

是在兒童賣淫、兒童色情、兒童權利公約任擇議定書，如果有人從事剛剛所說

的這類的行為，他從海外回來，他是在海外從事這些非法的散播兒童色情影像

的人，他在海外從事這個行為，回來臺灣之後是不是可以依法來起訴他？也就

是說，雖然還沒有通過這兩個任擇議定書，但我想請問各位這個跟兩個任擇議

定書相關的問題。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

保護司。

衛生福利部保護服務司代表：

好，謝謝主席詢問任擇議定書這個議題，的確在臺灣的兒童權利公約，當初國

內法化時間是在 2017 年，在那個時間裡頭，基本上我們在任擇議定書特別是色

情這塊，2015 年以前在性剝削的議題，那時候的法律比較定位在性交易，那性

交易似乎有點隱射，好像是兒少自己對性的部分作為對價的行為，但是我們也

接受了兒童權利公約任擇議定書的概念，把他翻轉，從 2016 年、2017 年然後到

2018 年，我們陸續的把任擇議定書裡頭重要的概念，放在《兒少性剝削防制條

例》，它是一個法律，把從性交易，對價的性交易到把他當作一個被害人，是被

剝削這樣的概念，所以基本上目前不管他的樣態，從實體的、對價的性交猥褻，

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 到被利用的供人觀覽，以及拍攝製造這些猥褻的行為的圖畫、照片、影像等等，

以及包括剛剛主席特別有談到兒童色情的這些影音、圖片等等，還有就是實體

裡頭有的坐檯陪酒，甚至有涉及到色情的這些伴遊、伴唱、伴舞這些行為，都

在兒少性剝削條例裡清楚的揭示，所以它是具有法律效益的。同時兒童色情內

容物，在《兒少性剝削防制條例》的罰責上面，擁有兒少色情圖片，基本上還

是會觸犯法律，是有罰則的、是有刑事責任的，同時為了預防這類型的案件發

生，在法律上也要求臺灣的高級中等以下學校，每學年都要辦理兒少性剝削的

教育課程跟教育宣導，要把性不得作為交易的對象，以及性剝削犯罪的認識，

同時遭受性剝削的處境，以及網路安全，怎麼樣安全使用網路的正確知識，都

已經納入教育課程，目的就是從預防端來做處理。至於治外法權，在《兒少性

剝削防制條例》裡也清楚律定中華民國人民，在中華民國領域以外犯兒少性剝

削這一類型的罪責，不論你的犯罪地的法律有沒有處罰規定，都是屬於《兒少

性剝削防制條例》裡的犯罪行為規範的樣態，在法律上有清楚明示，以上做說

明。不曉得是不是有漏掉什麼，如果有的話我們再來補充。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

有一個追問的問題，針對治外法權這一塊，因為剛剛你提到一個很常見的問題，

也就是要有這種在兩個國家都要被視為犯罪裁刑這樣子的原則，比如說臺灣人

在臺灣犯法，比如說犯了兒童色情相關的法律，那確實是觸法，但是如果到了

另外一個國家，這樣子的行為在該國並非視為犯罪，有可能這個犯罪者他不會

因此被起訴，比如說在馬來西亞，在馬來西亞這樣的情況不視為犯罪的話，而

這樣子的罪刑是在馬來西亞被犯下的話，有可能這個人不會被視為犯罪，而這

就會使得要犯罪者繩之以法面臨限制，所以在 CRC 委員會的任擇議定書的指引

之下提到了，委員會建議締約國去廢除這種雙重犯罪的要求，使得犯罪者就算

在海外犯罪依然要被繩之以法，細節我不多討論，但是非常有意思，CRC 委員

會也提到了締約國應該考慮到，締約國針對這些任擇議定書要有放諸四海皆準

的治外法權，所以不論犯罪人去到何處都必須要受到法律的制裁，這是委員會

的建議。那麼我要請大家也注意到另外一個部分，在任擇議定書當中提到，加

害人他如果是一個國民，或者在你們的國家是一個住民，他有可能不是國民，

但是他居住在你們的國家的話，他受到什麼樣子的規範，也提到受害人，如果

有治外法權的話，就可以去起訴這一個加害者，這個加害者他如果剝削了一個

臺灣的兒少的話，是可以受到起訴的，但是如果兒少只是一個住民的話，似乎

無法起訴這個加害人，那麼委員會就建議要讓這樣子的起訴，也要能夠去協助，

雖然是在臺灣但是僅是為住民非國民的兒少，當然將任擇議定書納入國內法是

個較好的做法，但是我要詢問的是，國內法化的任擇議定書目前是正在進行當

中嗎？還是已經完成了？特別是在相關的規定上面，其中有個段落其實非常的

有用，在任擇議定書第 8 條裡面其實很清楚的提出了一些指引，當然也有一些其

他的國際標準，我要問的是任擇議定書的國內法化這個過程依然在進行中嗎？

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 已經完成了嗎？沒有正式的國內法化，立法院沒有正式的去修施行法納入任擇

議定書的原因是什麼？

衛生福利部保護服務司代表：

我們剛才在解釋這個任擇議定書，目前在臺灣並還沒有國內法化，但是我們在

任擇議定書，特別是在有關性剝削這個議題上面，臺灣有一部專法，就是《兒

少性剝削防制條例》，包括剛才主席特別問的，本國人在馬來西亞，如果馬來西

亞並沒有禁止兒少性剝削的這樣任擇議定書的締約國，那臺灣人到了馬來西亞

做兒少性剝削這樣的行為，在臺灣算不算犯罪？算的，因為我們的法律規定就

是，只要是中華民國的國民在中華民國以外的地方犯兒少性剝削的罪，不管你

的犯罪地的法律是不是有處罰的規定，是不是有這個締約國的相關規定，都算

是我們要處罰的這個對象，是有的。至於剛才提到住民這一塊，外國人在臺灣

犯了兒少性剝削，到底這個住民有沒有受到臺灣法的規範，這個部分會有涉及

到外國人在臺灣犯相關罪責的部分，目前沒有寫在《兒少性剝削防制條例》裡

頭，至於國內法化這一塊，之前沒有跟上兒童權利公約這個國內法化那個階

段，是因為我們當時還在修法，那現在這些法律已經相較完備，是不是要做國

內法化的這個工作，我們可以來評估，後續會找相關部會，大家一起來就任擇

議定書裡面的內容，看看是不是還有哪些不夠完備的部分，再來做一些強化，

再朝立法的程序來完備，以上回應。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

是不是有補充一下，有關於治外……。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

沒有關係，剛剛的回覆已經很好了，針對以上的議題，我自己的問題告一個段

落，我們現在進入這個場次最後 15 分鐘，接下來看看其他委員是否還要提出最

後的問題，或提出一些意見的話，歡迎其他委員，那我們先請 Vuckovic 教授先

說。

Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic 委員：

大家聽得到嗎？聽不到，聽得到嗎？好，那麼我這樣子拿，我有一個小小的後

續問題，其實主要是一個意見，一樣是針對關於買賣兒童、兒童賣淫跟兒童色

情的任擇議定書，講到要不要納入任擇議定書這個議題，這個任擇議定書其實

不僅關於性剝削，也提到了買賣兒童的問題，包含了器官買賣，這也是另外一

種形式的剝削，如果看一下 CRC 委員會的新指引的話，正如 Doek 教授之前提到

的，鼓勵大家可以看一下這份指引，因為他提到的不只是性剝削，還有其他的

問題，這個任擇議定書還關於其他議題。

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Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

其他委員是否還有進一步的問題或意見？沒有？

Laura Lundy 委員：

好，我要問一下，再回到教育的領域，我剛剛在想教師會懲戒兒少，可能是身

體上或情緒上面的一些懲戒方法，那麼我的詮釋是，譬如說身體上或者是心理

上如果造成一些重大的虐待的話，其實都應該受到懲罰，但是什麼叫做重大？

重大的定義是什麼？要達到什麼樣子的條件教師才會受到懲戒呢？

教育部代表：

這個部分的話就是會看學生受到傷害的情況，舉例來說，如果學生因為老師的

不當對待，或是不當管教的方式，導致他平常的日常生活行為表現，有比較失

序的狀況，譬如說他會有睡不著、會有驚恐、會有飲食不正常或是不願意上學，

甚至會有憂鬱或者是突然之間大叫等等，他會有這些樣態的話，那鄰近的師長

或是同學發現，或者是他的家長提出這一些的證據，如果在學校裡面有老師被

陳情或是投訴有這種不當對待、不當管教的情形的話，學校就立即應該召開校

事會議，然後組成一個小組進行調查，在調查的過程裡面，學生本人或是他的

家長，或者是相關了解這件事情的人，可以提出一些證據，然後調查小組會依

證據判斷學生受傷害的程度，那會有譬如說嚴重的程度的話，老師可能會遭到

解聘、不續聘、停聘等等，有時候會是終生不得再當教師，有時候會是 1 到 4 年

不得為教師，或者只做停聘 6 個月、1 年等等的，如果是情節相對輕微的話，會

依教師成績考核辦法的相關的規定記過、申誡等等的處分。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

麻煩教育部再補充一下，教評會的組成跟他進行，教評會在開會進行判斷什麼

叫做重大情節，這些過程跟委員說明比較容易理解。

教育部代表：

好，在學校裡面，當學校要判定一個老師是否被解聘或是不續聘或是停聘的時

候，會有一個教師評審委員會的組織，這個組織會有比如說校長、家長代表 1

人，然後其他是非兼行政的教師代表，以及經選舉產生的代表這樣的組成，如

果學校的老師有涉及性平、體罰、霸凌事件的時候，當要評議這些事件的時

候，依新修訂的《教師法》規定，必須要增加外聘的兒童心理還有教育、法

律、兒少專業背景這樣的人員，到不兼行政的教師或者是董事，私立學校的話

就是董事，一定要低於二分之一，這樣的組成對於這個老師他的不當行為，不

當管教的行為，可以做出一個比較客觀公正的評審。教評會、兒少……在處理

調查的過程裡面，現在也在研議兒少能不能參與，因為我們的兒少代表其實也

積極的主張，他們希望能夠進入教評會，參與意見的表達，不過目前我們還在

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 審慎的考量之中，現在比較有共識的是在調查階段，當事受害的學生可以請求

一個輔佐的代表，那可能會是兒少的代表，總之目前也在考慮老師不當管教的

過程裡面，如何讓學生也有參與的權利以及表意的權利。

Laura Lundy 委員：

非常謝謝各位提供的資訊，以及有兒少的代表，但是我想要問的是，如果這個

老師有口頭虐待、霸凌這個孩子，那孩子身上沒有任何的受傷，這也是重大的

身心虐待嗎？所以重點不是孩子身上有什麼樣重大的傷勢，而是老師有做重大

的身心虐待行為。

教育部代表：

有時候就要看檢具的證據，不過在現場實務上，通常家長會帶著孩子接受兒童

心智科的一些檢查，醫師會提出證明，譬如說他是在什麼時間點，可能有受到

重大的壓力，然後會有一個壓力的症候群，顯現他後來所產生的這些樣態，譬

如驚恐、尖叫或是不想上學等等的，如果有這些證明的話，其實都有助於調查

小組對那個老師，該名就不當管教的老師做成一個處分的一個建議。

Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic 委員：

非常謝謝您的答覆，我也想再確認一下，好像有一個有罪推定的傾向，也就是

說，只要老師有涉嫌施暴的時候，那麼舉證責任是在孩子身上，而事實上是老

師口頭暴力、語言暴力，重點是老師有這種行為，而不是孩子有沒有一些創傷

後的行為出現，這也是為什麼我們必須要針對體罰以及暴力有很清楚的定義，

就像昨天討論的，其實在第 8 號一般性建議已經有對這些提出定義，並不是看家

長的反映、孩子的反映，而是要看老師到底做了什麼行為。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

我也有一個後續的意見，我要特別強調對兒少施暴，不管是言語或者是體罰，

其實都是對孩子的尊嚴不夠尊重，所以孩子不管是心理或身體上有受傷，都是

危害了孩子的尊嚴權，如果一個老師打孩子的屁股，那重點不是孩子有沒有身

心的傷害，這是絕對不能夠接受的行為，因為這違反了孩子的尊嚴，當然，我

想尊嚴權每一個人都應該享有，不是只有兒少，每一個人都應該享有他的尊

嚴，被尊重的權利，那只是因為現在我們在談論的是 CRC，所以我們要特別強

調保護兒少的尊嚴，包括了要尊重兒少的表意權，而且任何牽涉到兒少權益的

事務，他都應該要有機會表達意見。好的，我想這幾天下來我們成果非常的豐

富，跟各位的對話都非常的深入，所以我也要再次感謝各位，當然有很多公約

當中的議題，我們不見得能夠每一點都來做討論，但是在各位的國家報告，以

及對於問題清單的回復，還有我們這幾天的對話，都提供給我們很多的資訊，

都讓我們看到在臺灣的政府、人民，不管是政府內部或外部的人民，還有包括

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 兒少提出的報告，以及 NGOs 對於問題清單提出的平行回復，都讓我們看到台灣

在兒少保護方面，有非常積極活躍的公民社會在支持，所以我想我們在結論性

意見當中，如果提出任何的建議的話，一定也會獲得不管是政府或者是公民社

會單位的重視跟採納，再次感謝各位的投入、承諾，我們非常期待 5 年後再次來

進行審查，因為這就表示國家報告會持續的進行，同時這一個對話也能夠持

續、繼續精進兒童權利的保障，再次感謝各位。

司儀：

謝謝各位參與我們今天上午的會議，那我們在四樓的貴賓廳也為各位準備午餐

餐盒，請各位記得攜帶餐券去進行領取，那今日報到的人，您的餐券已經在您

的識別證後方了，如果您沒有領取到餐券的話，請至報到處領取餐券，我們在

四樓貴賓廳有準備午餐餐盒，那也提醒您在離場前，記得攜帶您的隨身物品，

並歸還口譯設備與識別證，不要遺留任何的物品在現場，我們在場外也提供國

家報告的本文、附件、問題回復清單的紙本資料，也歡迎各位踴躍地索取，以

便我們準備回答問題的時候可以使用。

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 Meeting Transcript

Emcee:

Ladies and gentlemen, welcome back to the review meeting. We’ll cover Chapter 8 to

Chapter 10 today. A round of questions will be given and followed by a round of answers.

Please, raise your hand if you’re about to speak so our staff can give you the mic.

Throughout the session interpreting will be provided. In order for interpreters to hear

you clearly, please pay attention to your pace. Also after you get the mic, turn it on, wait

for 3 seconds and then start speaking. There are many government delegates: Minister

Lin and Deputy Minister Lee from Ministry of Health and Welfare, Deputy Minister Tsai

from MOJ, Deputy Minister Tsai from MOE. Without further ado, we will start the

session.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Good morning everybody. So this is our last session on the report and the examination

of the report and based on the responses to the list of issues, we are now dealing with

what is known as Chapter 8, 9 and 10. And the first Chapter, Chapter 8 is on Education,

Leisure and Cultural Activities. Okay. The floor is for Dr. Laura Lundy.

Laura Lundy:

Good morning everyone. And again thank you so much for all of your work and also it’s

been, as a member of the panel for the second time, it’s great to see how much has

changed, how much has happened in the last five years. I’m gonna ask first three

questions on education Articles 20 and 29 and then rest, play, leisure and culture. Starting

with education, I have a specific question about the expansion of the preschool program.

I think it's wonderful that you have had such rapid expansion and so many more children

can join, but that does raise issues about the quality of preschool education particularly

in these quasi-public preschool programs. So my question is what are you doing to

ensure that children have properly-trained preschool teachers and are being educated in

an environment that is safe for them and encourages play? That’s all I have to ask about

preschool.

The rest of my questions are about elementary and secondary education. Next question

then is what children are telling us is still that it’s a very competitive academic culture

in school. We note that you have introduced Curriculum 2019 and that there is an effort

to ensure that there is an emphasis on a more holistic education for children. However,

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what children are telling us is that in practice many schools ignore Curriculum 2019 and

they put subjects like mathematics and Chinese into other classes and that the final

period class is also often used for academic subjects and not as intended. My question

then is about inspection and what is done to ensure what are your processes? Children

tell us that what’s happening when inspectors come is there is a notice and teachers tell

them to act as if it’s normal and that they changed it for the day. So the inspection process

and in the inspection process, how do they engage confidentially with children? Big

issue then of course I mean, this is not new to you or Taiwan, but it’s the impact of the

national examination and again it seems to be that even if you change your curriculum

and your teacher training, everything works toward children and the national

examination and I know that you have reviewed this many times, but it does seem,

there’s an English phrase, “that the tail is wagging the dog.” The tail is wagging the dog

and the national examination is impacting all the way down your education system and

causing a lot of stress. So what are the plans? What is happening on that?

Next issue was raised yesterday and it’s about children feeling that they are safe in school

from abuse and again many children have raised issues about physical abuse, but others

particularly about psychological abuse and I want to know...I know there’s a general

prohibition, we discussed it yesterday, I want to know if there’s something specific in

law in education for teachers and whether it defines psychological abuse to include

verbal abuse? Many children report being verbally abused by their teachers and that

causes a lot of harm. Also related to that is the issue about disciplining teachers who

abuse pupils. What are the statistics on the number of teachers who have been disciplined

for abuse? Have been dismissed for abuse? And what counts, perhaps, as gross

misconduct? It feels any teacher who abuses a child should not be a teacher.

I’m interested in private schools. If someone can tell me how the private schools are

regulated? What is the inspection process... is the inspection process the same or

different for private schools?

And then finally, I’m not going to say a lot on students with special education needs

because I know that was covered in detail by the CRPD committee, but my question

there is about resources and the budget for special education and if someone can explain

what is happening with that and is it being increased in line with the increased demand

and needs of children with special education needs?

Moving to rest, play, leisure and culture. When we spoke to children, there was a very

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 strong sense about not enjoying the right to rest, and play and culture. Children said to

us, “We are exhausted. We are exhausted.” And that is an incredibly worrying thing if

your children are exhausted. One of the things that they pointed out was the cram schools.

And of course they are private, they are not part of public provision. But they are still

the government’s responsibility to ensure that children enjoy the right to rest. So the

question is to what extent can and do you regulate the cram schools?

The next question then relates to the issue I raised yesterday about traffic accidents and

also play. And I was curious, there was a movement for involving children in designing

child-friendly spaces, child-friendly cities and I want to know if you have that supported

as a government? Anything like that which children are involved in designing your

spaces, your cities, your town, your villages, your play?

And my final question is on culture and language. And this, I note that you have done a

lot to encourage or enable children to learn indigenous languages and minority

languages, there’s a lot that has happened. However, the number of children who are

taking, for instance, examinations in indigenous and minority languages is very low and

we were told that children themselves may feel there is a stigma in indigenous children

in taking advantage, as some of the things that you put in place. And I wonder have you

undertaken any research or consultation with indigenous children themselves to design

the types of education and other cultural supports that they want and need. Those are my

questions. Thank you.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Thank you, Dr. Lundy. Minister, you have the floor to answer the questions.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Okay, let’s discuss preschools. MOE, please.

Representative from Ministry of Education:

Okay. On expanding preschools, we’ve done a lot. We increased many non-profit

preschools or quasi-public preschools and therefore, we also added more head counts to

preschool teachers. They have to have the preschool teacher’s qualification so that they

can serve in preschools. So I think qualification is not an issue here. Second, MOE

subsidizes these preschool teachers by providing them with training so that they have

the competency so that they can continuously receive the most updated knowledge and

training. There is also training on CRC. So such training is included in the development

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 plan for preschool teachers. Okay. Should I continue? Okay. Moving on to the new

Curriculum, the 2019 Curriculum...

Laura Lundy:

Can I follow up on the preschool? Can you tell me what the ratio of teacher to pupil is

in preschool? What is the ratio of one child in preschool to teachers? I’m sorry, one

teacher to children?

Representative from Ministry of Education:

The ratio is 1 to 15 now.

Laura Lundy:

What are the ages of the children in 1 to 15? In preschool, what are the ages of children?

Representative from Ministry of Education:

From two years old to six years old.

Laura Lundy:

Okey, Thanks.

Representative from Ministry of Education:

Oh, there’s 1 to 8. A teacher to eight students for young students who are between two

to three years old. If it’s a class for two to three years old, then the ratio is 1 to 8; a

teacher to eight students. Is that okay now? Okay. I’ll move on. Now, when the new

Curriculum is in place, some students still feel there is too much academic pressure. In

this regard, MOE and its policies in promoting its policies towards teachers expect that

education in schools can allow students the opportunity to explore themselves to be the

best version of themselves. In 2020, the next year after the new Curriculum was in place,

we used an official letter to notify high schools that when they evaluate student’s

performance and when school performance is evaluated and the schools should

recognize different kinds of performance in order to realize the spirit of the new

Curriculum. In addition, we have been emphasizing that each student is different.

Education should aim to respect the individuality of different students enabling them to

go for self-fulfillment. We also encourage students to pursue performances in a wide

range of fields. In other words, the academic performance of the students as well as the

performance of the schools should not be based on the results of written tests by the

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students. We do not want to equate students’ performance or success with the grades

they get in tests. So we have organized a number of workshops, seminars to emphasize

that efforts must be made to recognize and acknowledge the diverse attainments of our

students so that we can respect the student’s willingness to learn different things. And

we have shared successful stories with the media so as to educate more parents. For

example, this year, a high school graduate chose not to take the college entrance

examination rather she chose to attend the seafarer’s certification exam, so now she’s a

certified seafarer. By sharing the story, we would like to help more people see that the

girl now can go out and see the world and it’s a very different path for young people. So

that aims to encourage young people to pursue their interests and dreams. We know that

culture and society will not change overnight, but the government is definitely making

efforts to disseminate the information. As for the teaching activities in schools, in other

words, some schools may use the art and craft or sports classes or physical education

（PE） classes to teach Chinese or math, this is definitely in violation of the MOE’s

policy to normalize teaching activities in schools. So as you said, sometimes schools

may receive notice before the arrival of an inspector, but I believe it is more of a thing

of the past. This year, the MOE has made some improvement in this area and we have

told the inspectors that there must be confidentiality about their upcoming visits/

inspections to schools. Again, the situation you described is a practice that may be

common on campus and that has to be changed. For schools violating the MOE policy

of normalizing teaching activities and if the investigation shows there is a violation, then

we will mete out a penalty to the leaders of those schools. In addition, corporal

punishments and school bullying, in 2019, the Teachers’ Act has been amended since

then, if students sustain severe physical or mental harm at the hand of the teacher, the

teacher will be penalized and punished. For example, that teacher may be fired or

dismissed. So these are possible punishments. If it’s a minor case, the teacher may be

suspended for six months, 1 year or up to 4 years. Again, if it’s really a minor case, then

some demerits may be given to these teachers. Corporal punishment is not limited to

acts that result in physical harm or injuries. If evidence shows that there is mistreatment

or inadequate disciplinary actions or verbal bullying, then we do have policies and

procedures to punish such teachers. As for the specific numbers of these teachers, I will

get it back to you later. As for the private schools, all the regulations still apply to private

schools just like public schools.

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Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Department of Student Affairs and Special Education, please.

Representative from Ministry of Education（Department of Student Affairs and

Special Education）:

As for the needs of students with special needs, so special education resources according

to our Special Education Act, we do have laws to safeguard the rights of children with

special needs to adequate special education. And 4.5% of the annual education budget

must be devoted to this purpose. For local authorities, their education budget should

have 5% devoted to special education. So we do have laws to safeguard the rights of

these children. As for indigenous children, we are working with the council of the

indigenous peoples to look into the rights of indigenous children and what measures can

be adopted. Basically, they have separate quotas for indigenous students, not to mention

we do not simply rely on the written test results to admit students, we also take into

account their performances in a wide range of fields. So we hope that the indigenous

cultures can be passed on by so doing. And we will continue to consult students in this

regard. Since now we have the National Language Act. There are legal protections for

the integrity of indigenous languages so we will continue to improve our examination

or language test system.

Representative from Ministry of Education:

On the long hours young children spend in cram school, I think this is an indication of

parents’ high expectations therefore, we need to start with changing the parents’ mindset.

In fact, we have produced some teaching material on the content of CRC highlighting

the children’s right to play and the lack of play may have adverse impact on children’s

development. So this teaching material has been shared with local authorities so that

they can use such material to educate parents. And this was a research project and all the

research findings material have been uploaded on the website which teachers, parents

can reference on their own. Thank you.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Please explain what a normal school day is… regular school day and what

extracurricular activities there are on campus. Is it because the long hours students have

to spend in schools that they feel stressed? In addition, many schools have been

discussing maybe they can start the school day at a later hour. Please explain.

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Representative from Ministry of Education:

The number of hours the students spend at schools is actually regulated by the National

Curriculum Guidelines, too. So for first to second graders, 22 sessions a week. And for

the third to fourth graders, 28 to 31 sessions. The fifth to sixth graders, 33 to 35 sessions

or periods. As for when the school day begins, we respect the decisions by local

competent authorities. In the rural area, parents will need to take their kids to school

before they can go to work therefore, they will drop their kids at school at an earlier hour.

As for in the afternoon, usually the school day ends at 4 p.m. or 4:30 p.m., and for some

young children, there will be only half day as a school day. As for middle schools,

basically the school day begins at 8:10 a.m. and should finish by 5:30 p.m. Recently, in

order to have... to help students get enough time to sleep, we have come up with a notice

on the daily routine of high school students. Therefore, for each week, there can only be

one day in the morning the students may be summoned to have a school-wide gathering.

Otherwise, the school day may begin at 8:10 a.m. or 8:20 a.m. That is when the first

session begins so that students will have more time to rest.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Deputy Minister?

Deputy Minister of Ministry of Education ：

I speak on behalf of the MOE. So you mentioned how exams may impact the content of

teaching? This has been in existence for a long time and the 2019 National Curriculum

Guidelines was based on the preliminary guideline published in 2014. So during the

period, we have tried to reform the old curriculum in four areas: equipment, facilities,

resources, that is one, the other one is the Curriculum content and teaching instruction

and the third area is teachers’ manpower and the fourth one basically we know that the

new Curriculum focuses on whole person education, but we know that the exam and

tests rules must be changed as well otherwise, the instruction and pedagogy in the

classroom will not change. So for senior high school entrance examination as well as

college entrance examination, we emphasize that the design of the test must be in line

with the Curriculum content, which means there should be an emphasis on tests deriving

from students’ daily life experience. Therefore, students need not to memorize the

answers, rather they should be able to use the knowledge. As for teacher’s qualification

examination, well, teacher candidates have to pass the qualification examinations and

the examinations include many flexible questions and the new reformed in fact are well

received by the society.

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Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Ministry of Transportation and Communication? Anyone here? How do you ensure that

students are safe on their way and from their way to and back from school? Anyone from

Ministry of Transportation? Okay. We will reach them later after this session and ask

them to provide written information. Council of Indigenous Peoples, can you respond to

the question? So do you think that indigenous students feel they are stigmatized because

of some special education policies, for example, extra credit?

Representative from Council of Indigenous Peoples:

I would like to respond to another previous question that is when it comes to indigenous

language certification, there are five levels of certification and by the end of this year,

well, or in the past, indigenous people who are above high school are willing to take the

examination but that was before, but now even elementary indigenous students are

willing to take the language examinations. So younger indigenous people now are

willing to take the exam. Elementary schools now are teaching indigenous languages

and therefore, they started to recognize the importance of these native languages. Next,

the perspective of the peers or the society maybe discriminating because of lack of

understanding. After the Indigenous Education Act has been amended, we want to

promote an idea that all the teachers and all the students and not only indigenous

community, but all students and all teachers have to be exposed to indigenous cultures.

We tried to reduce discrimination against indigenous cultural community by doing this.

Thank you.

Laura Lundy:

I have follow-up questions. One is on the special education budget is estimated in local

authority at 5% and I’m wondering what is your estimate of the number of children with

special educational needs as a percentage of the school population? So how many

children do you think have special educational needs as a percentage? And the other

question I think I haven’t gotten an answer to is about children’s involvement in planning,

urban planning and design and studies. It relates to yesterday and children’s rights to be

heard. It’s now quite common practice to involve children in designing cities and making

cities child-friendly spaces. Maybe that isn’t happening in Taiwan, but I’m just curious

to see if you have any examples of that.

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Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic:

And I have a follow-up question as well. So how long is maternity leave in this country?

How long can working women stay away from work and have paid leave after they give

birth and what happens to babies and small children between the period when their

mothers have to go back to work and when they can go to a preschool education system?

Is there any kind of state system for very small children like between 0 or six months

and two years? And if yes, is it public or private? And how many nurses or teachers per

such small children? Thank you.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Ministry of Education?

Representative from Ministry of Education:

Right, you asked about the ratio of students with special needs. According to our stats,

throughout Taiwan, I think there are about 110 to 120, 000 students who have special

needs. We are asking our colleagues to clarify whether this is the accurate number. We

will submit to you with more detailed numbers. Thank you.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Ministry of the Interior? So do you invite children to participate in urban planning?

Anyone from MOI?

Representative from Ministry of the Interior:

This is MOI. The construction department is not here today. We will ask them to submit

information later.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Okay. Please, ask your colleague to submit information to the committee before noon.

Now, about maternity leave, maybe MOL and preschools for students between 0 to two,

this should be responded to.

Representative from Ministry of Labor:

This is Ministry of Labor. I want to respond to the question on paid leave. In the Gender

Equality Employment Act, it is stipulated that as long as employees work in a company

for a while and if their children are between six months to three years, so before their

children get to the three years point, they can ask for two years leave and they can stay

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 home and take care of the children for two years. Both the mother and the father can ask

for the leave. And during the paid leave period, eight months will be subsidized. And we

are also reviewing this policy now on paid leaves because before it was stipulated that

paid leave has to be longer than six months, but now we want to expand that. We hope

to provide short-term paid leave for at least 30 days so that parents can take care of their

children and their career at the same time. As for maternity leave, currently it’s two

months. So employers have to pay a full salary. During the two-month period, insurance

is also offered so during the maternity leave, there is sufficient economic support for the

family.

Representative from Ministry of Education:

I would like to add more information to the ratio of students with special needs. We were

pulling out the most updated numbers. If we include high schools and all the students,

there are 157, 000 students. Well, in fact, throughout all the students, up to graduate

school, there are about 4.2 million students right now so the ratio of students with special

needs is 3.7% throughout Taiwan. Oh, I want to correct something.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Some of the information was not corrected, paid leave was six months and they got paid

80% of their salary. So Ministry of Labor, when you provide information please make

sure that information is accurate. Okay. For childcare, for infants between 0 to 2 years

old. Okay.

Representative from Ministry of Health and Welfare（Social and Family Affairs

Administration）:

Okay. This is SFAA. Yes, there are childcare subsidies for the family. If parents are not

able to take care of the children themselves then for infants between 0 to two, they can

be sent to nannies or public preschools or quasi-public preschools or daycare. Now, 90%

of the preschools are quasi-public preschools who have contracts with the governments.

Out-of-house nanny service, I think there are about 20% of the children between 0 to

two are cared for by nannies outside of their house or by preschools. So parents can

choose to have paid leave and take care of their children or they can send the children to

nannies’ houses or they can send the children to preschools. So there are diverse choices

for the parents. We also use funding to expand public daycare or preschools. Among

local governments, we hope to support more than 10, 000 children with public

preschools and with quasi-public preschools, we hope to offer the capacity of 80, 000

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 students so that the satisfied parents won’t need. By 2024, we expect that out-of-home

care can account for more than 23%... again, parents can choose. They can take care of

the children with subsidies from the government. Now, when it comes to subsidies, it’s

NT$5,000 per child. If it is out-of-home care then we subsidized the parents with

NT$8,500 per month. For vulnerable families the subsidies are as high as NT$12,000.

So the government expands its spending on such subsidies, providing many resources

to make public resources more available and accessible.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

That was a really very informative number of answers. Thank you very much for all the

information; really impressive. And for the committee also, very helpful in considering

the recommendations in the concluding observations. We move to the next chapter that

is Chapter 9 and traditionally, it has the heading Special Protective Measures. There is a

variety of issues that are covered by that heading and we will start with Dr. Cantwell

who is raising issues on children in emergency situations and he has the floor.

Nigel Cantwell:

Thank you. To compensate for my very lengthy questions yesterday, I have just one

question this morning on the subject and I must say I didn’t realize how long I went on

yesterday and I apologize if it was over the top, let’s say. I wanted to just concentrate on

one question here and that is just to get clarification from the competent authorities in

relation to the issue of children in street situations. In the response to the List of Issues,

it seems that the equivalence to children in street situations was the number of

abandoned children who might find themselves in the street. But I wondered if there are

other situations of children who find themselves in the street, not who have been

abandoned, but for example, quite simply run away. Any child who’s present in the street

is vital to his or her survival. I just wanted to find that out in order to be able to

understand whether or not the number of children in street situations is actually higher

than the number of abandoned children or whether essentially it’s abandoned children

who make up that number of children in the street. Or maybe the phenomenon of

children in street situations is effectively virtually unknown in Taiwan. Just some

clarification on that would be useful. Thank you.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

So your response on page 253 seems to mix abandoned children with street children. So

please clarify.

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Representative from Ministry of Health and Welfare（Department of Protective

Services）:

Thank you. On street connected children, well, I think there may be children who run

away from home. Maybe it’s because of stress at school or maybe they have conflicts

with their parents or they have some interpersonal issues. As a result, they decide to run

away from home. And every year about 6, 000 children’s parents reported to the police

about their children running away and about 90% of them were found and returned home.

But of course, returning home is one thing they tend to run away again. Therefore, we

have begun to examine...to provide more parenting education for these families. For

example, social workers go to these families to educate their parents to explain and

explore why their children run away. So starting this year, we will focus on working with

parents with children who run away from home. And also in the Child and Youths Act,

it’s going to be amended so that these efforts will be covered by the amended law. As a

result, more counseling services will be made available to parents and children.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

In Taiwan, homeless people rarely bring along their children with them to the streets. If

we find such homeless people with children, local authorities, and police officers will

intervene right away, providing help, helping them to access needed help. Of course,

aside from runaway children, there are also children who may be pushed away. We have

6,000 cases every year and the police will be involved to help locate children after that.

Social services will be provided. So for push-away children, they tend to stay with their

friends and that family that received such runaway or push-away children have the

obligation to provide help and report to the authorities so the runaway or push away

children are a rare sight on Taiwan’s streets. The homeless individuals or homeless

families in Taiwan I would say the number is very low. Mostly you may find them in the

Taipei railway station or in some old towns or in some large parks near the city

government or the railway station. But I will say we have fewer homeless people in

Taiwan. Thank you.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Dr. Cantwell is satisfied with your answers so we move to the next part of the Chapter

on Child Protective Special Measures for Child Protection. And I will raise questions on

parts of that Chapter on Special Protection Measures. I’ll start with economic

exploitation also known as child labor commonly. The rule is clear and is in line with

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 the international standards. There is no employment of children below the age of 15, but

there are exceptions for different age categories. The answer to the question raised in the

List of Issues were very well-answered by you. The regional competent authority,

according to your information reviewed the exceptions and concluded among others that

working hours, break, full regular day and insurance meet to the provision of the Labor

Standard Act. And these provisions apparently also apply for children below the age of

15 who can be hired by among others advertising companies. It’s still working. You

know my microphone, it has some special features of inactivity. So we continue. So the

issue here is the working children below the age of 15 and some very young are hired

by advertising companies or for television programs. In your statistics, it shows that

there are different age categories; children below the age of six, between six and 11 and

11 to 15 and my assumption is and I’d like to know whether that is correct that the rules

that apply for working children age 15 and older the working hours, the break, the

regular day that they are off and the insurance that that is also applicable to those age

categories. If that is the case, then I’d like to know what the working hours for a child

below the age of six are and also whether, if there are special rules, what those rules are

and whether they are different from for children below the age of six, between six and

11 and 11 to 15. Because it still is a kind of a puzzling practice and I don’t know how

many children below the age of six to 11 and 11 to 15 are actually they’re working, but

for instance, the information tells us that children can be on a contract with television or

an advertising company and are paid for their services. So working hours, that’s my first

question.

So the second question is on the labor complaint lines. They are accepting complaints

from children, parents and the public at large. There is the information that petitioners

who complained refused sometimes or often to give personal data which means that

there are no statistical data available on the use of the complaint line for labor. But does

that mean that the complaints are not dealt with? That is my second question on child

labor and I stop here for answers because there are couple of other matters that’s on other

topics that will be dealt with.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Ministry of Labor.

Representative from Ministry of Labor:

Ministry of Labor speaking on regulations involving child labor. According to Labor

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 Standards Act, there’s one chapter on child labor. Children aged above 15 will... the

Labor Standards Act will apply. And according to the CRC, minors are those under the

age of 18 so for children aged between 15 to 18, according to Labor Standards Act, for

those who are under the age of 18, the employer must get consent from the minors,

guardian or parents. But there’s no distinction further among those under six, six to 11

or 12 to 15. Therefore, paragraph 178 in our response, so basically the local original

authority will have to review making sure that there’s no harm to... there’s no physical

or mental harm to the child labor after checking all the working hours, insurance, rest

time etc. As for child performers, for example, shooting advertisements or performing

in drama TV programs, in this regard, if a third party secures the child actor’s service,

yet the provision I just described still applies.

Representative from Ministry of Labor:

This is MOL on complaint. We have a 24-hour hotline 1955 and everybody can call. As

long as there are calls from the public even though they didn’t specify their identity or

they want to remain anonymous, however, if they can tell us the name of the company

or the violation, the actual violations, local governments, and competent authorities will

still handle these cases.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Okay. Hard labor here. The category below 15 still puzzles me. If I understood the

answer correctly, it is the fact left to the local authorities and sometimes to a third party

that is contracting the child, I assume with permission of the parents, to participate in

let’s say a TV program. The child is six years old or seven doesn’t matter, the TV

program starts at nine o’clock in the evening and lasts till 11. Who is interfering,

intervention here? Local authority tells the program that that is not allowed then I’m the

program maker and said well, “On the basis of what is not allowed, do you have a

national piece of legislation that makes it impossible to allow between nine and 11, a

child of seven in a TV program?” So the question still is how much is there a control

and who is actually responsible for that control of children below the age of 15, who

apparently according to the statistics, do work and various types of work and it’s...

therefore, if you allow that particular category below the age of 15 to undertake what is

work activity, then I expect to have a very well elaborated and effective system to control

that those children are not deprived of education, that that work is not harmful I

recommend the reading of Article 32 of the CRC. So is my conclusion correct that there

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 is, in my view according to the answers, a problem, that children below the age of 15

work and that it is not clear because if the local authority is the one who has to make

sure that the work is not harmful for children, then there are many local authorities and

you can have very different kind of views or approaches for children below the age of

15. So if my assumption is correct...

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

So MOL, can you talk about how the local competent authorities review and how about

labor inspection, who did it? And in your response you said that there were 31 cases that

violated the rights of child workers. What kind of cases are these? Would you please

elaborate?

Representative from Ministry of Labor:

This is MOL. Let us explain the Labor Standards Act. So children workers must not

work between 8 p.m. and 6 a.m. If employers ask children to work during the evening,

they will be sentenced to no more than six months. As for complaints, I will ask the

Occupational Safety Department to provide answers.

Representative from Ministry of Labor:

Labor inspection. From 2019 to 2021, according to our stats, there were 31 cases that

violated children workers’ rights. And the articles that were violated are that... well, there

are five cases where they employed children under 15 years old and there were 14 cases

when workers were under 15 years old and the employer didn’t obtain the consent. And

there are six cases without parents’ consent. There is one case about overtime working.

There are five cases in which children work after 8 p.m. In the Labor Standards Act,

those violations are criminal cases so all the violators will be sent for criminal

proceedings.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Labor inspection. Well, so you performed labor inspections after someone makes the

complaints under what circumstances did you become aware of the possible violations?

Representative from Ministry of Labor:

These stats are primarily from complaints, but sometimes we go to inspect places where

teenagers tend to work, for example, convenience stores. We would take the initiative to

inspect those places.

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Jakob Egbert Doek:

Okay. Thank you very much for the answers on this particular issue in the field of child

labor and labor standards and children below 15. I’ll move on to the next item in this

particular Chapter and that is drug abuse. I very much appreciate that and I think it’s a

very positive effect that children and young persons using drugs are not treated as

criminals but as children at-risk and provide school guidance and children dropping out

from school are provided with follow-up assistance by social departments. But in the

response on the List of Issues, there is a piece of information stating if the juveniles have

drug addiction, the juvenile court can decide to treat them as juvenile protection or

juvenile criminal cases, so it suggests that drug users despite the information that they

are not considered to be criminals, they can be dealt with by the juvenile court and that

court has apparently an option to deal with that particular person in the context of

protection or in the context of criminal prosecution. So my first question is please clarify

what this means. I may misunderstand it but nevertheless, it suggests something that is

not fully in line with the general rule that they do not treat drug users as criminals.

Children and young people also, in case in production, selling and trafficking of illegal

drugs and they are indicted, according to the statistics provided in the responses to the

list of issues, between 2016 and 2021, there were 1,035 adjudicated by the juvenile court,

1001 were found guilty and sentenced to imprisonment and the imprisonment from your

statistics is quite serious and there is no mentioning of other sanctions like fines, like

perhaps a diversion and the question arises whether this particular practice dealing with

young people, selling, producing drugs whether that is sufficiently in lined with Article

37 that requires from state bodies to use the deprivation of liberty as a matter of a last

resort. So question why are those indicted young drug producers and sellers only

punished by imprisonment?

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Judicial Yuan. Thanks.

Representative from Judicial Yuan:

Thank you for your question. In the Juvenile Delinquency Act, when it comes to children

who have substance abuse, well, there are four categories of substances; for children

who are under 12, they are no longer dealt with by juvenile court because of the

amendment of the Juvenile Delinquent Act in 2019 because children who are under 12

are no longer taken into juvenile court. So if they use category 3 or category 4 substance

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 like coffee- pack type of drugs, if they are under 12, they are not sent to juvenile court.

They are helped by the schools or protective services. If children are between 12 and 18

and if they use category 3 or 4 drugs, they are not considered to be criminals, they will

only be subject to administrative measures or punishments. So if they are between 12 to

18 and they use category 3 and 4 substances, with the latest Juvenile Delinquency Act,

they are considered to be young people at-risk. I think this is in line with one of your

observations from the previous review. So in the 2019 amendment, the at-risk children

are not considered to be criminals. And these kinds of cases are sent to the youth

counseling committees at the local government. So after July 1st next year, if young

people use category 3 or 4 drugs, we consider them to be young people at-risk and the

counseling services will be provided to them by local authorities. If they abuse the drugs

and local government will support them with medical treatments and rehabilitation. If

after the counseling, the local government still believes that these cases have to be

addressed by the juvenile court, they can ask the court to take in the cases. However, as

I mentioned there are different categories. There are also category 1 or 2 drugs. If they

use category 2 or 1 they are now considered to be at-risk young people. In criminal law,

violators are subject to criminal proceedings. So if they are between 12 and 18, then they

use category 1 or 2 they will be sent to juvenile court, but they are not considered to be

criminals because juvenile court is considered to be a court that help solve an issue so

it’s not the purpose of this court, for the prosecutors to prosecute the children, I think the

purpose of the juvenile court is to help the children. So the 1997 amendment already

changed because of CRC. In the Juvenile Delinquency Act and its Article 1, previously

some cases were considered to be criminal cases, but now they’re considered to be

protection cases even though they have committed some offenses, the government

should help them, but there are two possible avenues. So the MOJ and the MOE could

organize correctional facilities, but these facilities are educational facilities so over all,

the Juvenile Delinquent Act in Taiwan regardless of the categories of substance as stated

in Article 1, the human rights of the youth will be protected the right to sound

development. If children sell drugs and if they are taken advantage of by the adults or

used by the adults, then the adults will face more serious sentences, maybe 50% higher

sentences. That’s what the adults will need to face.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Well, so we can hear some latest efforts to combat emerging drugs.

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Representative from Ministry of Justice（Department of Prosecutorial Affairs）:

Good morning, the MOJ speaking. So I will follow up on what the MOJ representative

just said. We know that when young people use emerging new drugs, so in the year 2020,

we amended Article 9 of the Drug Prevention Act, there will be more severe punishment

for adults selling drugs to young people or if adults coerced young people to use drugs

again, the sentence will be 50% more severe for adults. And also in the Child and Youths

Welfare Act, we also have similar provisions. If any adults coerced help young people

to use drugs or sell drugs their sentence will be aggravated as well. Now, in the second

phase of our anti-drug campaign, we would like to reduce the supply of drugs and the

demand for drugs as well as reducing the harm caused by drugs. Therefore, we try to

intercept the sale of drugs at the source. For juveniles, we try to get to the root cause of

the problem therefore, we will crack down on the supply of drugs from the source. In

terms of combating crime, we also have a more comprehensive drug combat campaign.

And for young people, they now use more emerging drugs. We reinforced border control

to prevent the raw material from entering Taiwan to make such emerging drugs. In

addition, we have been more efficient in testing the urine of potential drug users so we

try to prevent young people from ever being exposed to emerging drugs. We also noticed

that many emerging drugs are sold at certain joints or locations. So we perform more

inspections of some Internet cafes or karaoke places. We also require operators of these

places to report any incidents of drug use on their premises.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

How about the response from the reform schools?

Representative from Ministry of Justice（Agency of Corrections）:

Thank you for the questions. Currently, in Taiwan, we have four reform schools for

juveniles. If a juvenile has been disciplined by the juvenile court, the juvenile will not

serve his time in a regular prison rather they will be sent to a reform school. As of the

end of last year, we have a total of four juvenile reform schools. The principal or all

leaders, teachers of the reform schools are all trained teachers. Only the correctional

professionals... correctional officers are only involved in managing the premise, the

daily life, keeping law and order on the premise. So we do not use prison wards to

manage the reform schools.

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Jakob Egbert Doek:

... the information on the, mainly on the drug use and your serious efforts to prevent the

use of drugs particularly by young people and children, but the fact is most likely like

in other countries, selling drugs is a money-making business with risk of course, but

there are young people who by lack of other sources of income are kind of seduced

perhaps by adults. They may accomplish that particular selling activity. But still in your

statistics and on the young children selling/producing drugs or otherwise involved in the

business of drugs without being a drug user are sent to a serious period of imprisonment

and I haven’t seen that that imprisonment is executed in the reform school. It is, I hope

not in a regular prison, but perhaps in the juvenile correctional institutions. But the

question is why in your statistics is that apparently the only punishment for young people

that are involved in selling and producing drugs? And that alternative diversion, but also

perhaps fines, because it’s those most of the time boys are making good money, they

may have enough to pay serious fines and if you note a punishment that hits your money

is most of the time very serious for the one who gets that. So the question is any

consideration why children selling drugs aren’t sent to imprisonment?

Representative from Ministry of Justice:

According to our Drug Prevention Act, there is a very serious criminal penalty for the

sale of drugs. For example, in some cases there will be life-long imprisonment if you

sell category 1 drugs. And for the sale of category 2 drugs, the imprisonment may be 10

years. So basically these are the laws that will determine the sentence, the judge can

mete out to the offenders. So these are the sentencing considerations that the judge will

have to follow.

Representative from Judicial Yuan:

For the juveniles involved in the sale of drugs just like the MOJ representative said, in

Taiwan, we have very... we have a strategy to combat drugs. So for the transport, sale

and making of drugs, the punishment can be very severe. However, for 14 to 18 year-

olds involved in these offenses, they may face the provision of liberty, but no lifelong

imprisonment can be sentenced... can be imposed upon juveniles. And because they are

under the age of 18, they will have at least one-time opportunity to have a reduced

sentence. And Taiwan is about to formulate its sentencing guidance. When it comes to

sentencing of children, we are going to propose a special guidance as well. We have a

so-called juvenile investigator that will help the judge to understand what has caused the

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 juvenile to be involved in such an offense. For example, is it because of the economic

hardship that caused the juvenile to be taken advantage of by the organized crime? So

in the juvenile court, the judge can ask the juvenile investigator to perform such

investigations. In some cases, some juveniles first become addicted to drugs and there

will be no imprisonment of such juveniles who use such substances. For young people

using categories one or two drugs, very few get sentenced. Some young people use these

drugs to alleviate their anxiety. And starting 2019, the juvenile court can actually provide

diversionary measures for such young people. For example, we have so-called halfway

shelters to help these young people with drug addiction to stop using drugs. However, if

it’s a case of selling drugs then the juvenile court can rely on the investigator’s report to

have more lenient sentences for juveniles because we want to know the social factors,

the family factors, schooling factors that contribute to the child’s involvement in the sale

of drugs. So when determining the sentence, the judge will take into account the

investigation findings, but indeed our criminal courts have very severe punishments and

penalties for people who sell drugs. Therefore, the juvenile judge can only try to reduce

the length of time when the juvenile may be deprived of liberty.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Thank you very much. I’m left with the impression that in your efforts to fight the drugs

used and production, it looks like particularly in the area of production and selling and

transporting of drugs, which is of course the beginning of the possibility of using drugs

that you are very kind of outspoken in your approach and that it almost looks like the

sanction on selling, producing, transporting drugs is almost mandatory and

imprisonment for a certain period of years or even for life but that is not applicable to

children of course, but that may explain why in the statistics that those who were arrested

for this particular activity was sentenced to a certain period of imprisonment.

I’d like to move to another issue and that is sexual exploitation and abuse. I have a

problem of order. As you have seen, the last Chapter that we are going to deal with today

is Chapter 10 on the Optional Protocols on the Sale of Children Child Prostitution, Child

Pornography. But there is an Article in the Convention Article 34 that deals with the

sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children, there are a couple of actions that states

body should take to address that particular problem. There is one question and I’ll come

back to more legislative issues under the Optional Protocols on the Sale of Children

Child Prostitution, Child Pornography known as the OPSC. When it comes to the

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 legislative part and your information in your list of responses to the List of Issues that

you stated that the government of Taiwan has incorporated the provisions of the OPSC

into the national legislation and I have a number of questions on that one, but first on

Article 34, there is a response particularly for the victims of sexual exploitation or sexual

abuse, they have an emergency placement of 72 hours, then the competent authority can

ask the court for an extension of that placement and not an emergency placement, but

placement for a period of three months maximum. Further extension of that placement

is possible for a max of two years. That placement will be or can be carried out by

placement in institutions, foster families or educational institutions. It is not clear how

that placement is regularly assessed in terms of whether that placement is still necessary

justifiable and whether there are any activities because you are talking about the victim

of child abuse by third parties or it’s different from family sexual abuse issue. Is there

also in that particular process of two years, an effort to help the child to return to her or

his family home and his parents? That’s the question. And there is another one and that

is a very special piece of information that I really appreciate on what you do with the

perpetrator. There has been a discussion already on the removal or the possibility not to

remove the sexually abused child from the home, but the perpetrator and you had enough

imagination that you consider the possibility that that person is the owner of that house

and may sell the house after they had been removed. And your measure is that that is

made impossible for the removed perpetrator. But now the question it is a family member,

but he doesn’t live in the family house so it’s some family relative outside of the family

home and the question is how is that person treated after it has been established that he

is most likely the perpetrator of that sexual abuse? So first the placement and then the

perpetrator.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Okay. So 72 hours to three months to two years any assessment?

Representative from Ministry of Health and Welfare（Department of Protective

Services）:

Okay when children are sexually exploited, it is very clear that children are considered

to be victims. There are different forms sexual exploitation: one of the forms is using

monetary or other compensation in exchange for sexual intercourse. And the other form

is to produce such images for others to see. The third form is to film the sexual audio or

videos and the fourth form is to ask children to escort. So there are four forms of sexual

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 exploitation against children. When children are exploited, when they are rescued by the

police officers, social workers will be notified. When social workers come onsite, they

will assess the victim’s education, career life, safety and family functions and then to

decide whether the children should be sent for protective services. If it’s decided that

protection is needed then emergency placements will be initiated and extended

placement may be discussed. So there is a strict assessment process to assess the causes

of sexual exploitation, so it’s a victim-centered evaluation. The follow-up assistance for

sexually exploited victims are the same with children who have been sexually abused

because social workers will help the children to recover from the trauma. And every six

months, there is another assessment to decide whether or not the protective placement

can be ended and children can return home. In this process, the family also needs to go

over the treatment to provide better protection for the children. So there is a progressive

or there is a gradual process to help the children return home and an independent

program is also provided to the children which was explained yesterday. So this is how

sexual exploitation cases involving children are dealt with. As for ordering the

perpetrators to leave the home, well, there are about 8, 000 sexual assault cases including

children victims and adult victims and among these cases about 13% are the violations

within the family. And for 15% of the cases, the victims will be taken away from home

and enter protective services and the other 85% of the cases, they will stay home. So for

the 15% is possible because the families are not able to provide sufficient protection of

the children so the children will be taken away. Issuing the order to ask the perpetrators

to leave home may not be sufficient to protect the children and therefore there are

alternative measures. If perpetrators are relatives who do not live in the same place for

example, a male cousin or other relatives or other family members, sexual abuse is a

criminal violation, sexual exploitation is a criminal offense as well. So in the criminal

proceedings, according to our law, we can ask a civil protection order to forbid the

perpetrator to come near the victims. They are forbidden to come near the house or the

schools or the places where the children go to. In the end, this case will enter criminal

proceedings. If there’s a finalized verdict then perpetrators will be sentenced to

imprisonment. So the Prevention of Domestic Violence Act can issue such a protection

order to order the perpetrators not to come near to the victim.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

So when sexual exploitation victims and students, and when they are not considered to

be fit to study in the nearby schools, they will be placed; there are three transit schools

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 or midway schools in New Taipei City, in Eastern Taiwan and in Southern Taiwan. So

that sexually exploited children can enter these three schools which provide elementary

to high school education. So they can still receive education and graduate from the

schools so that they can get enough diploma or certificate even though they are sexual

exploitation victims.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

As I said, I will come back to sexual exploitation and sexual abuse under the heading of

the Optional Protocol. And my next number of questions is about children in conflict

with the law or in other terms the juvenile justice system and practice. So first, I’d like

to express my appreciation for the fact that you have abolished the concept of status

offenses and as you said they are now considered as children, youth at-risk and they

don’t get very specific forms of protection if necessary and that children between the

age of seven and 12 who commit a crime are not treated under the criminal law anymore.

The minimum age is 14 and there is a very specific category of 12 and 13 year olds when

they commit a crime or an offense. The Juvenile Delinquency Act classifies cases of

offenses committed by children between 12 and 18, so I’m now including the category

12 and 13 as juvenile protection measures and as juvenile criminal matters. According

to the pictogram I think, in your List of Issues, there is an interesting scheme of how the

case goes through the juvenile justice system. And according to that particular pictogram,

cases are subject to pre-trial investigation and investigation in trial in order to decide

whether the alleged offense has been committed and whether to render protective

measures. If not, then there are two options: it’s a minor offense and the case will be

dismissed, that’s the decision of the prosecutor. Or the case will be transferred to the

prosecutor by the police. Protective measures can be a warning, probation or placement

in a welfare or cultivation institute or a correction institute for reformatory education.

This measure is deprivation of liberty and should be a measure of last resort. And I’m

now still talking about the cases that by the juvenile court are considered to be and it’s

about children aged 12 to 18 who commit an offense, there is the role of child protection

which may end into placement and in correctional reformatory institution. So the

question is whether is the decision to follow the child protection line ending ultimately

as a possibility, by the way, not for all cases in a placement, in an institution whether

that decision by the court has been taken after the full process of assessing whether that

particular child has committed the offense he or she has been charged with by the

prosecutor. Secondly, by lack of information from the particular scheme, is a placement

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 in the institute that I mentioned for an indefinite period or not? And is there even if it’s

not for an indefinite period, is there a regular review of that placement in order to make

it possible to make placement as short as it is necessary? So my question, the third is the

placement counseling, which can last for two years and I’m not sure about whether

placement counseling is different from a regular placement in an institution, and that I

need further clarification on that concept of placement counseling. And finally to end

the question with a positive note, I very much appreciate detailed and clear answers to

the questions on legal aid. And it is important that children that are qualified... that the

case of children is qualified as a protection case and a criminal case they do both receive

the same legal aid under the same conditions. So that was the question on that particular

scheme of a case 12 to 18 that goes into the juvenile justice system to the juvenile court.

And there are two roles, the one is the child protection role and the question is on that

particular role and the possibility of placing children in correctional facilities.

Representative from Judicial Yuan:

Thank you for the questions in relation to the juvenile justice system. According to the

Juvenile Delinquency Act in 1997, there was already a huge amendment. So the purpose

of the Act is to facilitate sound development of juveniles. Before the amendment, the

Act aimed to keep social order when dealing with juvenile delinquent behaviors. So for

children aged between under 18, or aged between 14 to 18, the prosecutor will

investigate whether or not the child has committed the offense and then the juvenile

court judge will determine the sentence. But now the Juvenile Delinquency Act aims to

use the overall framework to help juveniles to prevent themselves from being implicated

in these law-breaking behaviors. Therefore, I think the Act actually tries to provide more

protection for juveniles. And how do we fulfill this purpose? And for those aged between

12 and 18, the police or anyone can report these offenses to the authorities. In some

cases, if these cases are not dealt with, with the juvenile court and dealt with by the

regular court is a violation of the Act. So the juvenile court first must understand why

the juvenile engaged in that offense or behavior, that is why the juvenile court judges

must be trained. There are also investigators as well as counselors. These people are

there to find out why juveniles engage in such behaviors. Perhaps they have dropped out

of school? Perhaps they have difficulties getting along with classmates in schools or

family members? So the assessment will involve a number of professionals and then the

investigator will make proposals or recommendations to the judge. If it’s determined to

be a minor case, there will be no trials. The juvenile justice proceedings will not take

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 place. Protective measures will be taken; more counseling assistance will be provided

for the juveniles in question, maybe parental education will be involved. For the schools,

there will be three tiers of counseling provided as well. Now, we also have a policy

coordination platform in the government to put together resources needed to protect

these juveniles. So the judge will assess the family of the juvenile, which may be

dysfunctional. For example, if this juvenile is using drugs, abusing drugs and the

investigator performs some family visit, it turns out all his family members are using the

same drug. And in schools maybe the child is mingling with adults selling this drug. In

this case, the judge will decide to remove the child from the family and move him to a

placement institution. So these are the considerations for the judge to take into account.

Therefore, these placement counseling arrangements will involve the identification of

the cause of the problematic behavior of the juveniles. And according to the Juvenile

Delinquency Act, the placement will last for two months to two years. In the process,

the investigator will assess if it’s necessary to terminate or extend the placement. Again,

with extension, it can last for an additional two years. The purpose is to remove the

adverse impact on the juvenile’s life in his family or schools so that he will not

continuously be impacted by those bad influences. Therefore, the juvenile court as you

said will give protective measures to 12 to 13 year olds however, I have to emphasize

the juvenile court is not a court of criminal proceedings. The juvenile court exists to

solve problems. So for 12 and 13 year olds, the juvenile court focuses on identifying the

root cause of their problematic behaviors and then they will see if resources from MOE,

MOL or MOJ should be devoted to help the juveniles. As for the correctional institution,

again, it’s the last resort. It is only when other means have been exhausted when the

juvenile court will send the child to the correctional institution. As the MOJ

representative just said, there are four reform schools for juveniles. And for juveniles

sent to correctional institutions, they will also receive counseling services from MOE

and other Ministries. As far as I know, MOJ is also working with MOE to revise the

guidelines for sending juveniles to correctional institutions. Hopefully the efforts will

help these juveniles to have sound development not just to prevent them from breaking

the law. I’ll end here. Thank you.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

So on the third point under the ruling for protective measures and treatment, usually the

welfare institution will be residential institutions or in some cases, there will be

alternative education institutions or medical institutions and the counseling will be

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 provided per setting therefore, the counseling is different from the kind of counseling

you receive in schools. There will be school social workers or guidance counselors on

campus to help students, but if the juvenile is sent to these institutions, of course, there

will be different professionals including counselors and social workers to provide help,

but children sent to this welfare or cultivation institutions is because their family has

been dysfunctional or the parenting education is problematic that is why the juveniles

are sent to these boarding school-like institutions to look after them. Most importantly,

when these children leave the institutions, they need a way to live independently and the

most important thing is for them to integrate or to return to the society. So that the

function or the types or the scope of placement counseling has to be more diverse and

provide more support.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Thank you very much for the answer to my questions particularly in the arena of child

protection as a role after the child committed an offense. One of the things that I

appreciated in your report is also the information about restorative justice. The court can

refer for restoration to an appropriate organization, institute group or individual. And

now my question is are the provided restoration certified by the government? Are they

required to meet certain conditions? What kind of institute or group is providing

restorative justice restoration? And is there any information about the methods of

restorative justice that they’re using, the traditional one, the victim of offender mediation

and family conferencing, but there may be others as well. And other statistics of the

number of cases of restorative juvenile justice and about the outcome, and if that has

been a successful process, what does that mean for the child, the young person let’s say

16 years old went to the restorative justice process at the end, what is the decision? What

is the final decision of the judiciary, the prosecutor, the court, is there never... despite all

the efforts still a criminal record for that particular child? That’s all.

Representative from Judicial Yuan:

Let me ask Judge Lin to respond.

Representative from Judicial Yuan:

Thank you for your question, first on the restorative justice role Article 29 of the Juvenile

Delinquency Act stipulates that before the judgment of the judge, the judge can send the

case for restorative justice to certain institutions. So the court will transfer the case to a

specialized agency or institution or individuals for the restorative process. And Judicial

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 Yuan is still discussing the details of the process. You asked about what organizations or

institutions and the expertise of them. In fact, there is training in this regard because

restorative justice for juveniles and for adults should be different. So these institutions

or agencies will go over training at the judges’ academy. So the Judicial Yuan organizes

such training for these agencies on restorative justice. So after the process, while the

restorative justice process is only part of the process of protective measures or the

criminal proceedings. So to enter such a restorative process, it has to be agreed upon by

the parties. So we respect the children and any other parties to decide whether they want

to join the process. And the judges will also decide what kind of cases are the best if

they enter restorative justice. After entering the restorative process, there could be

concerns that whether or not the outcomes of their cases would affect the young people’s

will to join the process or not. So the young people or the children can decide whether

or not they want to join the restorative process. Would it explain to them that? They can

decide whether or not they want to join the process. Join or not, it doesn’t affect the

results of their cases be it a criminal matter or a protective matter. When there is a

consensus reached in restorative justice, then the sentencing results will be decided upon

how much protection the children need. In the restorative process, children may express

their opinions. Then with their opinion we can consider the opinions of the children

when we determine the protective cases or the criminal matter. So we will not make any

unfavorable outcomes just because of the opinions of the children in the restorative

process.

Representative from Judicial Yuan:

Young people’s RJ- restorative justice should be different from the RJ for adults. For

example, in individual cases, we discovered that a child may be the actor or the offender,

but yesterday he or she could be a victim. So it’s very important to perform an evaluation

before we decide whether or not this case should enter the restorative process. The goal

of RJ is to deal with interpersonal relationships. If the child is a victim or a perpetrator,

then the mediator needs to know very well about the Juvenile Delinquency Act and not

simply go for asking the children to apologize or to provide financial compensation to

the victims. So RJ is not another avenue to seek civil damages. Instead through the RJ

process, through equal footing and discussions, through their efforts, what is hoped is

that a better result can be generated and the judges will of course assess the results of

the RJ process. The RJ for young people, therefore has a different function compared to

RJ for adults. This process is still being developed and to be frank with you, RJ for

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 young people even internationally speaking, but if we talk about RJ around the world

still it’s most of the time applies to adult cases. So we are still developing the process of

RJ for young people. So as I said earlier the laws or regulations are still being discussed

and devised. Thank you.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Thank you on the restorative justice. It is the topic that we can discuss further for the

rest of the day, but you are right there is variety of practices when it comes to restorative

justice for juveniles, for children and there are specific rules and you are aware I think

of General Comment No. 24 on children’s rights in the justice, the child justice system

and you will find also paragraph on diversion including on restorative justice and there

are international standards for this practice. The next question is on the children deprived

of liberty, I don’t want to tell you that it is measure of last resort, but I want to talk about

the practice of deprivation of liberty and more specifically Article 37 tells you that the

child detained and deprived of liberty has the right to stay in touch with their family.

And the question is there a regulation in your country on the contacts between the child’s

right of liberty and the parents? And is there in that rule for instance, a recommendation

for the judge to place a child who has to be deprived of liberty as close as possible to the

family home facilitating contact with the family? There is a detention letter that is sent

by the judge to the center where the child will be placed. It’s a very peculiar part of the

system, I think, at least in my view, but I’m very curious what the content of that letter

is. But the question is there any particular suggestions / recommendations of the judge

regarding the contact with the family? The last question is the child deprived of liberty

for as a result of a sentence for committing a certain offense or crime or whatever

punishable act, that child turns 18 in the juvenile detention center, the question is can he

stay for the rest of his sentence that means another one and a half year for instance, or

must he be removed to an adult facility for adult prisoners? I think that... My question is

on deprivation of liberty, yes.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Okay so first on general measures and then the contact of family in such cases will also

be answered.

Representative from Judicial Yuan:

Thank you Mr. Chair for your question on placement decided by juvenile court.

Children’s liberty is restrained when they are put into a juvenile detention center. You

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speak of CRC Article 37, this is a provision that a juvenile judge has to abide by. So this

kind of center is the last resort in juvenile delinquent court, Article 26, it states that

detention is the last resort. Only in some circumstances for example, when children leave

home, they are discovered by the police officers and they have violated the law then they

are sent to the juvenile court by the police officers at midnight. If the court is unable to

reach out to the family, the court needs to notify the Bureau of Social of Affairs and ask

social workers to accompany the children when a police officer interviews them. And

they have to be notified of their rights including their right to a counselor. The juvenile

courts when investigating the case, but in the past with the help of Ministry of Health

and Welfare and Health and the Bureau of Social Affairs, I will be notified that the social

worker will accompany the child throughout the night. And the second day, the families

will be reached, so if it’s just possible to hand over the children to some institutions, they

will hand over for example, they will hand over to welfare institutions or the Bureau of

Social Affairs. The second circumstance is when it is not fit to hand over the child to the

institution. For example, children use drugs constantly and the parents have no way to

deal with it and there’s a special function for detention centers for juveniles if it is

necessary to conduct assessment of the children and their children will be assessed at

the juvenile detention centers. So we refer to international standards to introduce the

assessment into Taiwan. Sometimes assessment is required and it requires a science or

specialist for example, a psychologist and so on to assess children especially those ones

with special needs. So when handover is not possible or not suitable then children will

stay in the detention center. And if the child is sent to the juvenile detention center, if the

child is under age minor then he will stay in the juvenile detention center until the age

of 20. However, if he has been indicted by the prosecutor then by the age of... by the

time he is 20, he will be removed from the juvenile detention center because at the

correctional institutions, we pay close attention to separating juvenile detainees away

from adults. So I will stop here. And as for the placement on the placement duration,

according to the Juvenile Delinquency Act, the placement is not a form of punishment

it is not to deprive their liberty rather it is an alternative option because the family is not

safe for the child. So in terms of the placement institutions there may be halfway schools,

midway schools, and medical institutions in particular Ministry of Health and Welfare

will evaluate such juvenile placement institutions on a regular basis. Because their

family has some problems that is why it’s even more important to be prepared before

the child can return home. And of course, we do encourage the child to return home.

Starting from the first day when they are in placement, we start preparing the family and

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 the child for the child’s returning home. So that by the time the child can return home,

the family is ready, the child is ready. The placement institution is now a less chosen

option by the juvenile court recently because usually the juvenile courts would have the

child stay in the family receiving regular instructions and counseling at the same time.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

My question is still about family contacts of the child in the institution and I need to

know how many times the family can visit the child and for how long and whether the

child goes to the family on weekends and that kind of thing?

Representative from Judicial Yuan:

Well, there are no restrictions as to the number of visits between the child and the parents.

As long as the parents want, they can come to visit their child anytime. But if it’s a

correctional institution, then we have to see how the correctional institution’s rules and

policies provided for that, but in general when the child is in placement institutions, there

are no restrictions as to the meeting between the child and his family. Maybe the Minister

can ask the correctional institution’s representative to reply. Okay.

Representative from Ministry of Justice（Agency of Corrections）:

As for the juveniles in the reform schools, again, the family member can come to visit

them anytime. Each meeting is 30 minutes, but it can be extended. And on special

occasions, they can also come for extended meetings with the child. Again, we try to

create a very friendly relaxing environment for such meetings unless the safety and order

of the institutions may be jeopardized otherwise we will not interfere in such meetings

between the child and their family members.

Representative from Ministry of Health and Welfare（Department of Protective

Services）:

Furthermore, on the deprivation of liberty and children in correctional institutions. We

know that usually they can be very homesick because of their problematic family, they

end up in placement institutions, their parents as you can imagine feel very guilty and

sad that their child has to stay in the reform school therefore, the social worker, within

two weeks after the child is sent to the reform school, will compile the names of the

parents, contact information of the parents. This information will be given to us. Social

workers with the information will contact the school-based social workers to understand

the child’s situation and then within a week, the social worker will reach out to the child’s

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 parents. The social worker will also accompany the parents to visit the child in the reform

school at least once a month. Such visits may take place in the institution or schools in

person or it can be correspondence communication or online communication. If there

are financial constraints, then grants and subsidies can be obtained from the local

authorities to make such meetings possible. When the child leaves the reform school or

correctional institutions, and returns to the community, the social worker will again

accompany the child for another year to make sure that that child faces no difficulties in

work, schooling or life. I’ll end here.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Thank you very much for this information and I’ll move to the last item in my list of

questions and that is about sexual exploitation and particularly Optional Protocol on the

Sale of Children Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. By the way, those terms have

lost their role in the communication about the topic that usually talking when it’s on

child pornography, child sexual abuse materials, child sexual exploitation and materials.

But anyway, the first question is the OPSC’s status in the legal system of Taiwan, the

information is that you have incorporated all the provisions of the OPSC into your

national laws, but the question is whether there is not an approval by parliament or

adoption by parliament of the two Optional Protocols. The other is on the children

involved in conflicts, but I’ll focus on the OPSC and that is the first question, why was

it not adopted by parliament together with its implementation Act that follows the

provision in the Optional Protocol?

The first question is about the definition of child pornography. It is any representation

by whatever means of a child and engaged in real or simulated explicit sexual activities

or any other representation of the sexual parts of the child primarily for sexual purposes?

There is a lot of material as you most likely are aware of online and offline including

drawings, virtual representation, depicting children or persons appearing to be children

involved in sexually explicit conduct. According to the CRC committee, this material

can have a serious effect on children’s rights to dignity and protection. There are

guidelines on the implementation of the OPSC that I want to at least draw your attention

to if you talk about incorporation of the OPSC then the implementation guidelines are

very important. But in those guidelines, the committee recommended its state bodies to

include this kind of material that is material that presents a non-existing child, virtual

child, the drawings and other forms of expression, to include them in the provisions that

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 criminalize sexual abusive material. So the question in very concrete terms, in light of

the incorporation of the OPSC provisions, does the Child and Youth Sexual Exploitation

Prevention Act criminalize the production/distribution of sexual abusive materials and

does that include virtual images of non-existing children? Second question is does

Prevention Act criminalize the possession of sexual abusive materials? And when it

comes to the Prevention Act, does the Act include the provision on extraterritorial

jurisdiction, that is the lawyer’s speak. What it means is simple, can the prosecutor in

Taiwan prosecute a Taiwanese man who committed an act that is a crime under the

Optional Protocol in the sphere of child prostitution or child pornography. And when he

returns to the country can he be prosecuted by the authorities here in Taiwan for a crime

that he did not commit in Taiwan, but outside of Taiwan? So more generally because

there are other issues on the incorporation of the OPSC into your national law, but those

are the two I’d like to raise.

Representative from Ministry of Health and Welfare（Department of Protective

Services）:

Thank you for your questions on Optional Protocols. Indeed, in 2017, we domesticated

CRC. At that time, the OPSC... well in fact, in 2015, or before 2015, when we discussed

sexual exploitation, we treated this kind of offense and sexual transaction. However,

transaction implies that the children themselves consent and they engage in a transaction

or in a consideration. But we take into account the spirit of OPSC from 2016, 2017, or

2018 we gradually incorporate the spirit of Optional Protocols in the Child and Youth

Sexual Exploitation Prevention Act. So sexual transaction is changed to sexual

exploitation. Now, children are considered to be victims instead of parties to the

transaction. So sexual intercourse, obscenity act or being asked to film audio, video or

images and child pornography as well as escorting or sexual performances such dancing

or so on, all of these are incorporated into the Child and Youth Sexual Exploitation

Prevention Act. Child pornography materials are also incorporated in the Sexual

Exploitation Prevention Act meaning that possession of child pornography is a crime

subject to criminal liabilities and punishments. In order to prevent these offenses, we

require high schools and schools who are below high schools to organize education and

classes on sexual exploitation. So that students have a better understanding or sexual

exploitation. No better about online safety, so this training has been incorporated into

education as a preventative measure. As for extraterritorial justice, again in the Child

and Youth Sexual Exploitation Prevention Act, it is stipulated that if Taiwanese nationals

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 committed offenses related to sexual exploitation of children it doesn’t matter whether

or not it is a crime in that foreign country, it is considered to be an offense under the

Sexual Exploitation Prevention Act. So it is very clear that it is an offense even though

the offense is committed overseas. So please let me know if you need more details.

Thank you.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

There is a follow-up question to the extraterritorial jurisdiction. Because you raised a

well-known problem, that is what is known as double criminality meaning as a

Taiwanese to stay with that example, you commit a crime, you commit an act that

according to law of Taiwan is a crime in the area of child prostitution/child pornography,

but in the country where that act took place, that particular act was not or is not a crime

under the law of that country. If I understood you correctly, then that man cannot be

prosecuted for something he did as an example and a concrete example, with what he

did in Malaysia. Because in Malaysia it’s not a crime although it’s a crime under your

law, but since the condition is that the crime has to be...that the act has to be a crime in

both country where that took place and the country of the national that is a kind of

limitation of bringing perpetrators to justice and the recommendation of the committee

on the Rights of the Child in that particular guidelines on implementation of the OPSC

you will find that the committee recommends states bodies to abolish that particular

condition in the context of extraterritorial jurisdiction in order to make it possible to

bring perpetrators to justice. There is even another but I’m not going to discuss it, but

it’s a very interesting one. The committee recommends state bodies to consider the

possibility of universal jurisdiction for the state bodies to the Optional Protocol and that

is then universal jurisdiction limited to the crimes under the Optional Protocol. So it

doesn’t matter where you did it, where you go, you will be ultimately brought to justice

is the idea behind that particular idea. There’s another part and I want to draw your

attention to that one as well. In the Optional Protocol, the perpetrator can be prosecuted

if he is a national or rather he has a habitual residence in your country so not necessarily

a national, but he lives in your country. The other party is about the victim.

Extraterritorial jurisdiction allows you to prosecute the perpetrator, if the perpetrator has

abused, exploited sexually a child with the Taiwanese nationality, but not if a child is a

habitual resident in your country. The committee has recommended adding to the

conditions that prosecution is also possible if the child victim has a habitual residence

in your country and is not a national. So with that all about the incorporation of the

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 Optional Protocol into your national law. Did I understand that’s a question? Is that the

process of incorporation that’s still underway or is it completed and in particular when

it comes to among other sanctions of confiscation, but also there is a particular paragraph

that is very helpful for everybody who wants to find out what is necessary for a child in

a criminal procedure Article 8 of the Optional Protocol gives you a very clear guidelines

on that issue. And there are other international standards, but the question is the

incorporation process completed and still my question was there a reason to go for the

incorporation and not yet the formal approval by parliament and implementation act? So

those are the two remaining questions.

Representative from Ministry of Health and Welfare（Department of Protective

Services）:

Earlier, we mentioned that Optional Protocols in Taiwan have not been incorporated into

domestic laws. However, for OPSC, well, in fact we have dedicated legislation, the Child

and Youth Sexual Exploitation Prevention Act, we have that in Taiwan. If a Taiwanese

national commit such an offense in Malaysia and sexual exploitation against children is

not an offense in Malaysia or Malaysia is not a party to OPSC. When a Taiwanese

national commits sexual exploitation against children in Malaysia, is that considered to

be an offense in Taiwan? The answer is yes, because our law says that as long as

Taiwanese nationals commit offenses elsewhere and they commit sexual exploitation of

children regardless of whether the local law stipulates such an act as an offense. This act

is or this action is still subject to criminal liability. As for in case when a foreign national

commits sexual exploitation of a resident children or resident child is that an offense?

Currently, that kind of case is not included in the Sexual Exploitation Prevention Act.

Now, the Enforcement Act didn’t include Optional Protocols because many of the laws

at that time were still being amended and now we can continue the discussions whether

or not or how to incorporate Optional Protocols. We will gather different agencies and

ministries to see if our local laws are missing some important elements and our direction

is to try to make our law as comprehensive as possible.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

May I also add extra information? Or should I ask the other Ministries to add extra

information on extraterritorial justice?

Jakob Egbert Doek:

I’m fine. It’s a good answer. It’s a good answer. So it brings this at least to the end of my

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 questions on those various issues. We are in the last 15 minutes of the dialogue with the

government and I invite members of the committee who want to raise a final question

or make a remark then they have the floor and Dr. Vuckovic is the first.

Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic:

I just have a small follow-up question, actually more remark than a question with regards

to the Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child

Pornography. Because the problem with the incorporation or not or the Optional Protocol

cannot be solved by law which is only on the prevention on of sexual exploitation

because this Protocol is not only about sexual exploitation, this Protocol is also about

the sale of children which includes sale of organs and it’s also in other forms of

exploitation so you will really have to look into the new guidelines that Jakob Doek just

mentioned and really look carefully into it because again it’s not only on sexual

exploitation. And I thank you.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Are there other members of the committee who either have a question or a remark? No?

Yes, okay.

Laura Lundy:

Can I follow up just earlier on my question about back to education and I’ve just been

thinking and reading and it’s this definition that a teacher will be disciplined if the

physical or emotional abuse is severe. I’m struggling with that because my interpretation

is that any physical or psychological abuse is severe, and a teacher should be punished

so I think I want some guidance on what that means. What does severe mean before a

teacher would be disciplined?

Representative from Ministry of Education:

Well, in this regard, it depends on how severely the child has been hurt or injured for

example, because of the maltreatment or inappropriate discipline by the teacher the child

may have may behave differently from what he or she used to be for example, he

sometimes has bursts of panic, he has difficulty eating, sleeping, he is very depressed or

suddenly screaming. If such behavior occurs then the teachers, classmates or parents

detecting such signs can present them as evidence. If a teacher has been complained as

to having done such maltreatment or inappropriate discipline, then the school will have

to have a committee look into the situation. In the process, the student in question, person

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 familiar with the matter or the parents can present evidence at investigation meeting and

the committee will determine how severe the abuse is if it’s really severe, the teacher

will be dismissed, suspended or sometimes the teacher will be barred from teaching of

life or for one to two years or the teacher may be suspended for six months. But if it’s a

minor case, then according to the Teacher’s Discipline Act, there will be demerit or other

punishments meted out to the teacher.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

The MOE, what about the composition of the teacher evaluation or teacher review

committee and how do they determine if a case of abuse is severe or not? Before the

school can determine if they can dismiss a teacher or suspend the teachers’ job, there

will be a teacher review committee set up.

Representative from Ministry of Education:

On that committee, there will be one parent, there will be other teachers’ representatives

who are not administrative leaders of the school. If a teacher is suspected to involve in

corporal punishment or physical or mental abuse of the students, then according to the

new amended Teachers’ Act, additional external experts on children psychology

counseling should be recruited to serve on the committee therefore, for private schools,

the directors can also sit on the committee but the number of the director on the

committee must be less than 50% of the committee members. Hopefully, a composition

like this will result in a very fair assessment. As for the teacher’s review committee, in

the process of investigation, we are also discussing, during the investigation, can we

involve the child or children’s representative also advocate that they should be admitted

to the teacher’s review committee to express their views, however, we are still reviewing

if this is a feasible proposal. However, during the investigation’s stage, the victim, the

child victim can ask for an assist ad litem which may be a child’s representative to join

the committee. So in the process, we do try to allow the students to have a say, expressing

their views in the review process.

Laura Lundy：

How about the involvement of children? But to clarify if a teacher was to be verbally

abusive to a child, but the child suffers no lasting damage that’s not considered severe?

I’m thinking, you know, some children may react to it really badly, some children may

not, but it’s not the consequence for the child, it’s the act of being abusive that should

be prohibited.

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Representative from Ministry of Education:

Well, it depends on the evidence presented in practice usually the parents would take

their child to see counseling and the medical professionals will proffer a report indicating

when the child may have experienced severe stress that is why they are showing signs

of PTSD and that is why the child would have such behavior, such as sudden screaming,

not wanting to go to school, with such medical records, then the review committee will

take into account such evidence in determining the punishment that should be given to

the teacher.

Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic:

Just a little bit of clarification, it seems to us somehow there is a presumption of guilt

when it comes to any kind of violence which comes from a teacher. So the burden of

proof is on the child and the mere fact that the teacher is violent is his language or in his

act, is actually what matters. It doesn’t matter how the child reacts at all. You know, the

child can react nicely or not, but why involve children at all? I’m saying the mere fact

that the teacher is and this is why actually there is a need for a very good definition of

corporal punishment and also on violence and as I indicated yesterday, definition is there

in the General Comment No. 8 and it’s very clear and it doesn’t matter whether the child

is hurt or not and what parents want or not, no, it’s only about what the teacher has done.

This is how we understand it.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Just to follow up on Nevena’s remark. I’d like to underscore the fact that this whole

business of violence against children whether it’s corporal punishment, verbal abuse, it

is all about respect for the dignity of the child and it doesn’t matter whether the child is

suffering psychologically or otherwise or has an injury, it is about respect for the dignity

of the child. And if the teacher in front of the classroom hits the child on the buttocks,

without a little and no physical injury, it’s still an unacceptable behavior because it’s

about the dignity of the child, which is of course not exclusively a right of the child to

respect for his or her dignity, it’s for everybody, every human being is entitled to respect

for her or his dignity and that is what they have to keep in mind when we work with or

for children that the dignity is to be respected and protected and that includes among

other things that a child should be listened to, that a child should play a role whenever

there is an issue that is concerning the child. So anyway, it was very fruitful, very

constructive and very informative dialogue on all the matters that are covered by the

Convention on the Rights of the Child and I have to acknowledge the fact that we did

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 not cover all issues that can be raised under the Convention. It is also very clear from

your reports the list of... the answers, the responses to the List of Issues and the dialogue

we had yesterday and today that the government of Taiwan and a lot of citizens of Taiwan

whether they are working in the government or outside the government, if you read all

papers that were sent to the committee by children including reactions to the List of

Issues and by NGOs, it is very clear that when it comes to children’s rights, it’s a vibrant

society. Taiwan is very committed so we are confident that when we issue our

Concluding Observations/recommendations we are confident that those

recommendations will be taken very seriously and that efforts will be taken to follow up

on those recommendations and implement them as far as possible. So thank you so much

of your input, for your commitment and as I said in the opening session, we are looking

forward to the next meeting in five years from now because... continue with reporting

and continue to involve an external committee to look at your report and have a

discussion with you on the content of your report and make further suggestions on

progress in the implementations on children’s right. Thank you very much. Have a good

day and also the rest of the week and also the rest of the year.

Emcee:

Thank you very much for your participation. Again we have prepared lunch boxes on

the fourth floor. Please make sure you present the voucher when you go to the fourth

floor to collect your lunch box. Thank you.

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九、結論性意見發表記者會

日期：2022 年 11 月 18 日（星期五）

時間：上午 10 時至 11 時 40 分

地點：台北國際會議中心 201 室

國際審查委員與國家人權委員會、立法委員、非政府組織、兒少代表對話，

並與政府機關代表進行詢答，逐章審查第二次國家報告內容，提出中華民

國兒童權利公約第二次國家報告國際審查結論性意見。

行政院林政務委員萬億致詞 國際審查委員會

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席致詞

國際審查委員會委員分享結論性意見

430

左至右分別為衛生福利部社會及家庭署簡 與會代表對結論性意見提問

署 長 慧 娟 、 國 際 審 查 委 員 會 委 員 Nigel

Cantwell、John Tobin、行政院林政務委員

萬億、國際審查委員會主席 Jakob Egbert

Doek、 國 際 審 查 委 員 會 委 員 Laura

Lundy、Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic 與

衛生福利部李政務次長麗芬

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 簡要紀錄

1. 院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：代表政府感謝 5 位國際審查委員提出結論性

意見，委員提出一個重要概念，兒少參與應更多元，參與在各種跨部門的議題，

身心障礙、原住民、家庭所得偏低的兒少也在各個領域參與。

2. Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic 委員：關注一般執行措施與保護兒少免受暴力侵害，期望

法規再做檢視，協調部分須再增加預算、人力支持，很高興看到 NHRC 成立，但

關切 NHRC 是否有足夠量能處理 CRC 第 2 號一般性意見提及的事項，貴國有許多

申訴管道，但需要注意申訴機制的效果及保密程度。

3. Laura Lundy 委員：肯定政府在兒少參與權的進展，兒少代表應更多元，特別是比

較小的幼兒部分，並鼓勵兒少除了教育外，參與在各個領域。兒少死亡率偏高，

需要深入了解原因，以及讓兒少參與提議解決方案，自殺議題需要與結構性問題

結合。雖推出《108 課綱》，但教育現場沒有落實，需要加強監督。學校發生虐待

事件，不在於可接受的虐待程度，重點在於有發生就是一個問題，這是政府必須

再讓學校與幼教機構了解，尊重兒童權利。

4. Nigel Cantwell 委員：雖然目前政府尚未研擬去機構化的完整策略，但已做出正確

的一步，推出兒少替代性照顧政策，機構如果由政府直接管理，去機構化會比較

容易進行，將團體家庭作為法定選項，是一項正面的發展，也是必要的措施。精

卵捐贈或透過孕母出生的兒少，相關倡議已到國際層級，需要讓這些兒少獲得他

們的出身相關資料。

5. John Tobin 委員：要確保身心障礙兒童及其家庭充分獲得資源及參與社會，鼓勵臺

灣從醫療模式轉到社會模式看待身心障礙兒童權利，讓身心障礙兒少融入社會，

目標就是確保融合教育，也要建立使身心障礙兒童可以參與的過程。促進性健康

及生殖健康，落實教育及政策。心理健康部分，政府應該聽兒少聲音，來應對兒

少高自殺率的問題，與兒少一起合作。許多兒少都提到氣候變遷造成的影響，全

世界都提出各式各樣的運動，鼓勵臺灣也參與其中，鼓勵兒少扮演更積極的角色。

6. Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：針對童工，政府應採取相關措施與 ILO 第 138 號公約相

符。少年司法部分，在《少年事件處理法》中，12 歲至 18 歲兒少如果觸法，仍有

可能被判刑，12歲、13歲兒少有可能收容在少年觀護所，建議這個部分需要修正。

針對藥物濫用，兒少參與製造、銷售非法藥物，還是被視為觸法者，可能會被起

訴、監禁，這要請政府特別注意，因為施用毒品兒少應適用保護體系。兒少性剝

削、性虐待，建議通過 OPSC 任擇議定書。

432

 Meeting Minutes

1. Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group: On behalf to the ROC

government, I would like to thank the five members of the International Review

Committee for the Concluding Observations. Committee members have brought up a very

important concept, i.e. children’s participation should be more diversified. Children

should be included in the discussion of various cross-disciplinary issues and children with

disabilities, indigenous children, and children from low-income families should also be

included in the meetings.

2. Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic: Regarding general measures of implementation and children’s

right to freedom from violence should be re-examined. The coordination effort should

include the budget and staff. We are really pleased to see the establishment of NHRC, but

there are concerns about whether or not NHRC is capable to handle everything mentioned

in General Comment No. 2 of the CRC. Taiwan provides a number of channels to allow

children to file complaints but you need to pay attention to the effect of each mechanism

and confidentiality.

3. Laura Lundy: I would like to praise the ROC government on the progress to improve

children’s right to participate, particularly younger children; and to encourage children to

participate not only in education but in various areas. Regarding the high child mortality

rate, the government must make more efforts to understand the root causes and allow

children to participate in expressing their opinions in order to find solutions. The issue of

suicide is closely linked to structural issues. Even though Taiwan has formally announced

the Curriculum Guidelines of 12-Year Basic Education, these guidelines have not been

fully implemented in educational institutions, indicating that the government must

strengthen its effort to monitor the implementation process. Finally, regarding abuse

incidents on campus, there is no such thing as an acceptable level of abuse. The point is

that such incidents have taken place, and the government needs to ensure that schools and

preschools need to respect children’s right to dignity and respect.

4. Nigel Cantwell: Although the government has not yet developed a fully-fledged strategy

to phase out institutional care for children, it has certainly moved in the right direction by

proposing the Policy for the Alternative Care of Children. The deinstitutionalization

process would be much easier if the government manage these institutions directly.

Granting small group homes legal statutes is also a positive development and a necessity.

Another important issue is related to children born by sperm/egg donors or via surrogacy,

433

 the international movement is to allow these children to access the information related to

their origins and identities.

5. John Tobin: To ensure that children with disabilities and their families receive adequate

resources and participate in society, we would encourage Taiwan to move from the

biomedical approach to the social rights-based approach to view the rights of children with

disabilities. This would allow these children to be included in society. The aim is to ensure

inclusive education. This aside, there is also a need to establish a process that would allow

children with disabilities to participate. Taiwan should continue to promote sexual health

and reproductive health in both education and policies. As for mental health, the

government should listen to the voices of children and youth and work with them to tackle

the issue of suicide among children and youth. Many children have also expressed their

concerns about the impact of climate change, which is currently also a global movement

led by children. Taiwan should be part of this movement and children should be

encouraged to play more proactive roles.

6. Jakob Egbert Doek: The government should take relevant measures in compliance with

the ILO Convention No. 138 on the issue of child labor. It is recommended that Taiwan

amend laws related to juvenile justice, as juveniles aged 12 to 18 who commit a crime are

not excluded from being sentenced according to the Juvenile Delinquency Act, and 12- to-

13 year-old juveniles may end up in a juvenile detention house. On the issue of drug abuse,

children who engage in the manufacturing and selling of narcotics are treated as offenders

who committed a crime and face prosecution and imprisonment. It is suggested that the

government pay close attention to this issue because children with drug abuse problems

should also be protected under the system. As for the sexual exploitation and sexual abuse

of children, the Review Committee recommends the government to undertake all

necessary measures to ratify the Optional Protocol of OPSC.

434

 逐字稿紀錄

司儀：（會前提醒）

提醒各位貴賓，等一下記者會 10 點開始，如果要借取口譯設備，請到外面服務

台借取，謝謝。提醒各位貴賓，記者會大概再過兩分鐘就開始，請盡速就座，

那另外提醒您將手機轉為震動或靜音，非常謝謝您的配合。

司儀：

非常歡迎現場以及線上的貴賓，一同參與 2022 兒童權利公約第二次國家報告國

際審查會議結論性意見發表記者會，我們在這邊首先感謝所有的國際審查委

員，這個禮拜非常辛苦，審閱各式的資料和我們的國家人權委員會和政府機

關、和立法機關跟 NGOs 開會、交流，那等一下也會正式發表這一次的結論性意

見，在那之前我們是不是先給所有的委員一個熱烈的掌聲？接下來我們的記者

會一開始，首先有請行政院兒童及少年福利與權益推動小組召集人林萬億政務

委員為我們開場。不好意思，等一下最後會有 QA 時間，我們可以把這個要提問

或者是問題可以留到最後好嗎？謝謝，我們是不是先讓林萬億政委發表致詞好

不好？我們等一下會有 QA 的時間，那我們也尊重一下國際的委員好嗎？我們的

國際委員等一下也會發表結論性意見，我們是不是聽完結論性意見之後，我們

再保留讓你們 QA 發言好不好？我們先讓林萬億政委發言好不好？不好意思，不

好意思，我們是不是工作人員協助一下好不好？

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

司儀，讓他們處理完。

司儀：

OK，好嗎？好，那政委是表示可以先讓我們同學發表一下意見是不是？那不好

意思我們是不是可以 3 分鐘之內，好，3 分鐘。

兒少：

請求現場同步口譯。

口譯人員：

請使用麥克風，這支麥克風目前沒有打開，請稍候，這支麥克風目前聽不到聲

音，請換一支麥克風，請換一支麥克風。

司儀：

這樣口譯員才聽得到您在說什麼好不好？

435

兒少：

謝謝，那我們這次之所以會站到台上，主要是因為我們的諶立中司長，在我們

國家報告審查一到四章的時候，說出兒少近幾年的自殺的成長是有緩慢成長，

但是去掉跳樓之後就沒有明顯的成長，那我們認為司長這樣子的言論是去脈絡

化的，他在談的是自殺的手段，那他談的不是主要的原因，他不是在談主因，

我們認為他在避重就輕，在這一次我們也可以聽到 Lundy 教授在提問的時候，他

問的其實是結構性的因素，是不是在教育體制裡面學生的壓力太大了才導致這

樣子的情況發生，好那我們今天，我們在短短一天內我們有蒐集到大概是 100 名

兒少的想對司長說的話，不知道夥伴……。

司儀：

接下來是有另外一位夥伴要發言是嗎？

兒少：

等一下，不是……，就是我們這邊說明一下，我們待會會把這些意見撒在面前，

一方面是代表兒少的意見不受重視直接落在地上，一方面也代表著政府沒有辦

法接住這些在墜落的兒少們，那我們待會會有 3 點訴求，第 1 點，我們希望衛福

部可以在現場立即的，待會可以進行回應，然後我們希望衛福部可以派代表立

即的在現場道歉，那司長他今天雖然是沒有出席，他今天沒有出席，但他的言

論已經重創了臺灣的兒少，我們希望他可以在之後召開記者會道歉，那我們先

來喊一次好嗎？衛福部司長道歉、衛福部司長道歉。第 2 點是我們希望司長能夠

負起他的責任，他一再一再的失言，不管是之前在講我們不要烤肉，因為烤肉

剩下的炭會造成自殺，或者是他之前在太魯閣事件所失言，關於心理師的事件，

我們認為他應該要負起責任，司長負責下臺道歉、司長負責下臺道歉。第 3 點是

關於我們希望，我們國家可以真正去重視兒少自殺這個因素，所以我們希望可

以針對自殺相關召開諮詢的會議，以及進行系統性的調查，就是監察院目前在

做的有一些相關的做法這樣子，所以就是召開會議然後進行調查，召開會議、

進行調查。

司儀：

非常謝謝同學提出訴求，謝謝。

兒少：

最後，我們有一些想要……。

司儀：

最後 30 秒好嗎？

436

兒少：

最後想要跟國際審查委員說，其實我自己現在是臺南高三的學生，我自己也是

行政院兒權小組的委員，那其實很感謝委員在這一次的結論性意見裡面有提

到，在這一次有特別去詢問政府有關心理健康方面的意見，那其實我們自己就

會發現說有很多的地方兒少代表，其實都有提出很具體的心理健康的提案，那

就希望說其實未來不只中央還有地方，都要看到這個議題，那這個議題其實是

細緻的，是青少年的議題，他不是整個國人，我們希望在青少年這個角度要更

重視，我們也就很感謝委員們可以同意讓我們在這個時間點，讓我們站在這裡

去表達我們自己的意見，然後希望我們未來可以繼續，然後希望可以跟政府跟

民間團體一起繼續合作下去，那這裡也想要邀請可能政委或是國際委員可以為

我們做一些回應，以上，謝謝。

司儀：

謝謝，我們也掌聲謝謝我們同學好嗎？這是一個平等的平臺，任何人都可以提

出自己的聲音，兒少代表同學們利用這個平臺，提出您的這個意見，非常謝謝，

那我們等一下也都還有 QA 讓大家發言的時間，大家都可以把握機會，接下來我

們再把時間交給林萬億政委。

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

首先謝謝 5 位國際審查委員，在上一次的時候，其中 4 位有參與，提供了非常多

寶貴的意見，政府在各個不同的領域、各個部會、各個不同的議題上也很努力

地做了一些成果，這次 5 位委員又提出若干我們需要改進的，在這裡首先代表蘇

院長謝謝這 5 位委員，從禮拜天到今天不眠不休的，他們的時差問題，他們告訴

我要調整時差，尤其從歐洲來的十幾個小時真的是很難睡好，然後白天工作在

這裡跟大家一起對話要聚精會神，稍有閃失可能遺漏到重要的課題，然後昨天

到下午他們花了非常多時間把結論性意見一一的盤點之後，然後經過他們 5 位同

意，昨天深夜……，沒有到深夜，8 點多送到我手上，那我開始仔細地閱讀他們

給我們的建議，真的非常佩服，等一下有一些回應跟 QA 的時間，我再更仔細的

來回應，不過其中一點讓我印象深刻，也是要回應剛剛的兒少朋友們，委員提

出一個非常重要的概念，應該讓台灣的兒少有更多樣性的參與，然後參與在各

種跨部門的議題，所謂多樣性 Diversity，就是說兒少的參與應該在年齡上，有些

更年輕的、更年齡小的兒童應該有機會參與，其實這次他們看到都是大孩子，

16 歲、17 歲，他們覺得是不是可以給小孩子參與。第二個針對身心障礙的兒

童、原住民兒童、所得比較偏低的家庭兒童，是否也可以有機會參與！另外就

是這些參與的議題，在不同的領域裡面，不只是大家熟悉的教育，也包括都市

計畫，包括交通、文化、體育、休閒等等各個議題，他們都提出來要求我們能

夠把這樣的精神，CRC 的精神帶到臺灣每個領域，然後讓兒童有更多參與的機

會，我就在回應剛剛幾位年輕的朋友們，我們在未來光這一點我們就會努力來

437

 實踐，讓大家有更多的參與，那希望學長，你參與過的學長能夠帶學弟、學

妹，就像之前有曾經參與過的幾位學長，他們來找我，我跟他們說請他們務必

要把這個精神傳承下去，因為這是未來很重要，臺灣之所以能夠在國際人權上

占有一席之地，各位的參與絕對是重要的，至於其他的課題，我等一下再跟大

家做必要的回應，因為前面的時間先交給我們的國際審查委員，他們要跟我們

報告他們看到的，這是非常重要的，謝謝大家，謝謝。

司儀：

非常謝謝林萬億政委，接下來我們有請國際審查委員會的主席，也為我們說幾

句話，掌聲歡迎。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

各位早安，很高興能夠再次見到各位，在這次第二次國家報告國際審查會議的

最後一個場次，可以見到各位很高興，那麼對我們來說正如上次一樣，看到了

很多積極討論的場次來自政府的意見，還有在與政府代表的場次之間也收到了

很多資訊，跨及各式各樣的議題，還有不同的部會，那麼在日內瓦的話，就不

會有這麼大的政府團隊得以參加，也因此在國內直接進行審查的優點之一就在

此。接下來我們要談談這份小小的文件，大家可以收到口袋裡每天早上也都可

以看看，上班之前也可以看看你的健康狀態、你的工作狀態健康嗎？今天有哪

些任務要完成呢？這份文件是我們跟政府代表開完會之後，以及跟政府就問題

清單的討論後，所擬定的結論性意見，這些都是跟兒少權利相關的意見，很感

謝各位表達你們的意見，我們就兒童權利公約當中的基本權利做了眾多討論，

當然也期待不只是今天，而是在未來這一年、未來這幾年，各位都有機會繼續

與政府代表見面開會表達你們的意見，以落實兒童權利公約當中所規定的權

利，而結論性意見當中，我們表達了對於政府作為的肯定，讓我們留下了很深

刻的印象，政府對於兒童權利公約的落實非常重視，提出了各種措施，包含立

法措施、政策發展和政策與法定的落實，各位在結論性意見當中也可以看到我

們表達出自己的肯定，今天的報告比較簡短，如果各位覺得我們之前討論到的

議題，或者是關切之點口頭上今天沒有提到的話，在文件當中或許可以看到，

當然結論性意見不該帶回辦公室後就束之高閣，它代表著一份挑戰，不只對政

府、對於 NGOs，對於社會大眾以及兒少都是如此，在追求、改善兒童權利公

約，以及兒童權利的落實之時，他其實意味著一份挑戰，各位可以發現文件當

中或許有一些可以參酌的資訊，有助實施以及促進兒童權利公約，接下來我們

就會簡短的針對結論性意見重點提出報告，我會先請 Vuckovic 教授先開始。

司儀：

麥克風已經開了。

438

Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic 委員：

這是新的麥克風，大家早！很高興能夠跟大家見面，很高興能夠來到臺灣，這

是我第一次來到臺灣，很開心有這個機會能夠跟各位一起合作，我很快的、簡

短的來說明我在結論性意見當中，比較關注的一些部分，那就是一般執行措施

還有對兒少的施暴。一般執行措施的執行，在我們的結論性意見裡面，主要談

的是基礎設施、基礎建設，也就是要有良好的居住環境，要也有水電、舒適的

居住環境，讓孩子能夠舒適的生活，所以同樣的，如果我們要確保兒童權利的

落實，我們也要有相關的基礎建設，所以這就包含了立法，在立法部分，我們

很高興地看到在相關的立法有很多努力，相關法案的調和當中，我們也看到包

括了《兒少法》，我們覺得應該還要再做檢視，法規要再做檢視，因為目前《兒

少法》有一些跟兒童公約權利不盡相符的地方，所以我們也有一些針對政策、

策略提出的建議，包括了我們希望針對兒童權利有更全面的策略，因為個別的

方案不見得有那麼大的幫助。協調的部分，我們也看到政府做出努力，但是我

覺得協調的部分可能要有更多的預算、人力的支持，因此不只在工作能夠做到

協調，同時也有持續的監督，另外還有訓練、教育的部分，這個部分已經做很

多了，我們覺得這是往正確的方向可以繼續下去，但是最重要的是，要所有相

關人員都要接受這方面的教育訓練，這個是在未來 5 年可以繼續做的。獨立監

督，這部分我們很高興看到國家人權委員會已經成立了，不過我們還是很關

切，國家人權委員會可能沒有足夠的能量來去處理，在 CRC 第 2 號一般性意見

所提到的所有兒童權利相關的事項，所以我們之前也問到，是不是要獨立成立

一個兒童監察使，或者是另外在人權會裡面，有一個獨立的單位專門處理兒少

問題。另外在國際合作的部分臺灣也表現得非常好。最後一點就是申訴機制以

及訴諸司法的權利，這一點非常的重要，現在我們看到貴國有非常多讓兒少可

以申訴的機制，如果兒少覺得他們在教育衛生的權利受到侵害，都可以去提出

申訴，但是其實在兒少的報告，跟我們的討論當中，他們告訴我們這些申訴機

制其實效果不彰，而且很多孩子不願意去用，因為他們怕自己的隱私權被侵

害，所以在結論性意見裡面我們也提出建議，政府應該持續改進這些申訴機

制，同時要確保兒少的保密，整個程序的保密性要確保，而且申訴機制應該要

放在兒少取得司法服務的這個大環節下來做觀察，謝謝。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

接下來是 Laura Lundy 教授，同樣跟我們說明他在整個審查過程主要關注的幾個

面向。

Laura Lundy 委員：

謝謝主席，我也要再次感謝政府給我們這麼多詳細資訊，給我們充分的配合，

另外也要感謝公民社會以及兒少代表給我們相關的報告，我這邊要談的是一般

性原則，主要是在教育的部分，首先我要恭喜政府做的非常的努力，針對第 12

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 條參與權的這個部分，從 2017 年到現在有很大的進展，從那時候到現在，我們

很高興看到有長足的進步，我們也要特別肯定貴國政府了解這是一個旅程，就

像林政委所說的，我們應該要在兒少代表要更多元化，特別是比較小的幼兒的

部分。第二點各位也可以開始想的是，我們怎麼樣去鼓勵兒少參與，只要是影

響他們生活的議題，不只是在教育領域而已，任何會影響到他們健康、教育的

領域，他們都應該有機會來參與。另外一點當然就是兒少的死亡率偏高，我們

會建議各位可以去更加的去了解兒少為什麼會有這樣的問題，就好像在交通安

全事件這部分，可以讓兒少參與都市規劃，讓兒少參與這些規劃的會議，當時

有兒少代表給我們看了一些影片，他們上學路上的狀況，這個是讓我們蠻難想

像的一個情境，所以讓他們參與這些討論，讓他們提議有甚麼解決方案。接下

來談的是跟心理健康相關的自殺率的問題，我想剛剛這些年輕人他們針對這一

點說的比我更好、更清楚，那就是我們必須要把這些自殺的問題跟更廣泛的結

構性的問題，包括了壓力、缺乏休息等等連結在一起，所以謝謝剛剛幾位年輕

人，讓我省了一些功夫不用多述、不多講。最後一個要談的就是在教育，心理

健康在教育校園，我知道各位已經做了很多的努力，那麼因為在學校的時間太

長，的確會造成心理壓力升高，我知道政府也了解必須要做出改變，這也是為

什麼推出了 108 課綱，但是好像學生實際在學校的生活並沒有改變，而在學校老

師這方面，也沒有真正依照課綱的精神，所以可能要再加強監督，當然重點不

只是說有相關的立法跟執法，還有社會、父母的心態，所以我也鼓勵各位可以

在這方面也做出一些改變，讓他們看到如果在學校長時間的讀書，還有在學業

的壓力，對兒少會有什麼樣不利的影響。最後一點，在我們討論過程當中各位

也知道，那就是保護兒少不受在學校虐待以及暴力相待，在虐待的定義範圍很

大，他不只是身體、心理的暴力傷害或者是口頭的虐待，所以重點是絕對沒有

所謂任何可以接受的虐待程度，那所謂重大與否不是重點，只要有發生就是問

題，我想這個是政府必須要跟學校或者是幼教機構要說清楚，那就是要確保兒

少的尊嚴。最後我也要再次肯定各位在兒少權利教育所做的努力，這點非常重

要，我知道各位都有在做這方面的教育，不過到底兒少有沒有理解，我覺得這

個也要稍微去了解一下，兒少必須要知道，就好像 Vuckovic 教授所說的，兒少

要知道有哪一些申訴機制是可以確保他們的保密，能夠讓他們去做申訴的。最

後一點，怎麼樣能夠為你的孩子做好兒童權利教育？我想最有效的做這一點的

方式就是在學校尊重兒少的權利，所以他們到了學校就知道這是一個尊重他們

權利的環境，換句話說學校的政策、各種做法都能夠做到尊重兒童權利，這就

是最好的兒童權利教育，謝謝。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

謝謝 Lundy 教授，接下來把時間交給 Cantwell 博士，主要是針對他在這次審查過

程中負責的幾個面向。

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Nigel Cantwell 委員：

謝謝大家，大家早安，我想我要呼應剛剛幾位同事所說的，很榮幸、很開心能

夠跟各位一起在過去幾天合作，也感謝各位的承諾以及各位提供的資訊、意

見，我基本上有兩部分的議題我想提出來，這也反映在我們的結論性意見當

中，第一部分主要是關於替代性照顧，對兒少的替代性照顧，我覺得很重要的

是，一方面我們要去看看主管機關怎麼樣有效地在這方面做出進展，但同時我

們也要體認到，基本上非政府組織以及兒少他們本身所提出的關切議題是有他

的道理的，所以雖然政府目前還沒有研擬出完整的策略，針對台灣目前的狀況

做到去機構化照顧，換句話說，大部分兒少的安置還是放在住宿式的機構，但

是政府的確已經做出正確的一步，那就是在今年年初推出了一項兒少替代性照

顧政策，那我這是在這周才看到這個政策相關的細節，這一份政策文件當中提

出了許多政策的做法和目標，包含了要預防家庭失功能，來確保替代性照顧唯

有在必要的時候才需要提供，以及替代性照顧的安置方面，提到了住宿式的安

置機構，這個領域是我們特別關切之處，在結論性意見當中也有一些意見分

享，在 2017 年時已經提出過我們的關切，不過現在依然繼續的關切這些住宿式

的安置機構的問題，大部分的住宿式機構由私人機構運作，這些影響可能很大

比如說照顧的品質，或者是政府監督私立機構運作的能力，還有資源問題，私

人機構由何處取得資源呢？除了政府提供的補助之外還有哪些其他資源來源？

此外，住宿機構很多由私人單位來運行，這個狀況之下很難做徹底的去機構化

或實施相關策略，當然，如果這些機構主要是由政府直接管理的話，去機構化

會較為容易進行，也因此去機構化是一個極大的挑戰，要去發展去機構化政策

一定會有很多困難，我們也了解跟民間必須要有很多的諮詢跟討論，以便對於

這些私人機構有更多的規範，但是正面觀之，我們發現政府也將這種小型的團

體家庭，作為一種法定的安置選項，我覺得這是正面的進展，也是必要的措

施，這表示小型的團體家庭在兒少需要住宿式安置的時候，即可以優先考慮小

型的團體家庭模式，去了解兒少是否適合這樣子的模式，然後有需要的話再去

考慮大型機構。我想我的時間控制真的很不好，不過我的最後一點要提的是身

分的問題，兒少的身分，在許多國家都看到了相關倡議，也就是精卵捐贈出生

的兒少，或是受到收養的兒少，以及透過孕母而出生的兒少，相關的倡議已經

上到了國際的層次，討論他們必須要知道自己出身的這個需求，而在結論性意

見當中，我們也提到了必須要讓這一些兒少，能夠獲得他們的出身相關資訊，

譬如說資料要紀錄要保存，有時候我們會保留這樣子的資訊，那麼在收養的過

程當中，當然有時候資訊或許不是全然的正確，但是需要保存這些資訊，要去

引導或者支持這些兒少，或者是當他們長大成人的時候，也會需要相關的支

持，他們需要獲得一些諮詢，因為他們可能不知道，我們也不知道他們對於這

些資訊會有甚麼反應，對於他們的出身資訊會有甚麼反應，好，這一點我先講

到這裡，不過我要指出在過去 5 年，這個與身分相關的議題，真的已經成為了基

本權利的一環，因為在兒童權利公約當中，提到了這樣子的資訊應該要提供出

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 來，可是資訊的取得目前有很大的限制，過去兩年間國際的 NGOs 也相當專注於

這個議題，也就是兒少身分之保護，我認為對於機構來說，對於臺灣來說，這

其實都會是一個正面的做法，這些組織我覺得可以提供一些作法讓臺灣參考。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

好，謝謝 Cantwell 教授，接下來時間交給 John Tobin 教授。

John Tobin 委員：

謝謝，各位早安，首先我要說，非常謝謝各位讓我們過去這周能夠在臺灣，我

們 5 年前來到臺灣，那麼我的太太跟孩子知道我要來臺灣的時候問我說我為什麼

要來？但是我覺得這一周的成果不證自明，我們聽到了政府還有聽到兒少提到

自己的權利，而這樣子的對話是在臺灣獨有的，我覺得各位可以引以為榮，特

別感謝林政委努力的推動兒少權利，上一次他也擔任重要的身分，這一次他依

然領軍政府的代表，所以我想政府可以自己的努力為榮，而且他也非常鼓勵更

多的兒少參與各式各樣不一樣的議題，而且兒少代表可以更多元化。那麼接下

來提到我的領域，一方面是身心障礙兒少，我們可以看到臺灣對於這個議題非

常重視，也採取許多措施，在國家人權行動計畫中也有相關的著墨，但是還有

很多工作要做，首先要確保身心障礙兒童以及其家庭可以獲得充分的資源，讓

他們可以充分參與社會，也鼓勵臺灣從一個生理醫療的模式，轉到一個社會權

利的模式，來看待身心障礙兒少的權利，這保障了個人的權利，了解了他們的

個別狀況，讓身心障礙兒少可以充分地融入社會，目標就是要確保有融合式的

教育，所有身心障礙兒少都可以享有文化、休閒等等活動，我想臺灣的目標確

實是在此沒有錯，接下來的挑戰就是要落實。另外也要建立一個有效的系統，

確保有身心障礙的兒少可以充分參與相關的諮詢過程，當中有挑戰，但是我相

信臺灣一定可以完成這個過程。另外我要提到性健康，這在上一次的討論當中

也是重點，而這一次又再度浮現，對我們來說很清楚地可以看到，臺灣政府致

力於確保兒少可以有好的性健康、性教育及生殖健康的相關資訊，也很清楚很

多 NGOs、家長團體和兒少認為這些方案當中仍有很大的落差，也因此我們的建

議就是，或許現在可以考慮的是如何弭平這些落差，在我們的意見當中提了一

些作法，目標當然就是要促進性健康跟生殖健康，也要跟更多其他的行為者，

確保這些政策跟教育可以落實，然後也會看到我們在青少女懷孕或者是性病等

等這個方面，也提出了一些建議，我們知道要讓青少年享有其性健康或者是性

上面的權利很重要，在這個過程當中我們也要提供適當的資訊。那我第四個重

點正如 Lundy 教授提到的就是心理健康，我想我們提到的資訊可能有一些冗餘，

因為各位都已經知道他的重要性了，政府必須要聽聽兒少的聲音，我想兒少自

己站出來為自己的權益發聲非常的重要，我們的建議就是要來因應這一些關切

之點，跟兒少、跟健康教育工作者等等，可以一起合作來應對高自殺率的問

題，心理健康不只是自殺，還有其他層面的問題，在未來 5 年我想這會是一個重

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 點，當然在世界各地這都是一個挑戰，我們知道身體的健康很重要，但是心理

上的健康，如何提供有效的服務會是一個更大的挑戰，所以我鼓勵大家跟兒少

繼續合作，了解他們面對的問題是什麼，他們的挑戰是什麼，一起擬訂有效的

政策來去應對這些問題。最後再提到氣候變遷跟環境，對我們帶來的挑戰，很

多兒少都提到了氣候變遷帶來的影響，以及臺灣的環境對他們造成的影響，年

輕人在全世界各地都提出了各式各樣的運動，我會鼓勵臺灣也參與這樣子的運

動，鼓勵兒少去討論他們如何扮演更積極的角色，環境以及氣候對他們的健康

以及對社會本身，都會帶來一些挑戰，所以確實是一個要面對的問題。最後謝

謝，那麼非常肯定過去 5 年大家的進展，也相信未來會有更好的進步，謝謝。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

謝謝，接下來時間交給 Jakob 教授，他人好像在現場，接下來的時間交給他，

好，我要來提一提經濟剝削和童工的問題，以及少年司法、兒少司法還有毒品

的使用，先從公約第 32 條看起，就是跟經濟剝削相關的這一條，我要說對於兒

少的經濟剝削，不只是童工會遇到的剝削問題而已，童工這個問題也可看到有

一個童工最低年齡的問題，那麼臺灣已經決定這個最低年齡要符合國際勞工組

織第 138 號公約，也就是是 15 歲，設在 15 歲符合 ILO，也就是國際勞工組織的

第 138 號公約，臺灣政府很充分的注意到其他相關與兒少相關的公約，不只是兒

童權利公約 CRC 而已，剛剛提到的 ILO 公約允許一些例外，就是 15 歲以下的話

可能有一些比較輕度的工作可以由 13 歲、14 歲兒少進行，臺灣政府提供了一些

資訊跟數據，讓我們看到有 6 歲以下的童工，然後還有 6 到 11 歲、6 到 15 歲的

童工，可能這樣子的特別的做法，看起來跟剛剛提到的國際勞動組織第 138 號公

約並不相符，不太清楚的是 6 歲以下或 11 歲以下，以及 11 歲以上的兒少，在工

作的時候到底做什麼工作，譬如說他們可能是上電視節目、拍廣告，但是很明

顯的，我們的建議是臺灣政府應該要採取措施，應該要在這部分符合國際勞工

組織第 138 號公約，說清楚到底 13 歲、14 歲的孩子可以做的工作是什麼樣類

型。接下來就是少年司法，在這部分臺灣政府已經做了很多很好的進展，來確

保兒少如果據稱觸法的話，應該盡量以兒少保護的事件來處理，而不是用兒少

刑事案件的方式來處理，事實上，就國際標準的規定，也就是在第 40 條，CRC

第 40 條，所謂的刑事責任，未成年的兒少不應該以刑法起訴並判刑，那麼在 14

歲是臺灣負有刑事責任的年齡，這個其實也是 CRC 第 24 號一般性意見提到兒少

司法體系的建議，2019 年的一般性意見，但是臺灣的政府在這個之前，就已經

有做到這一點，在我們討論的過程中有一個關鍵的問題，那就是通過 CRC 的國

家，怎麼處理 14 歲以下的兒少犯法，當然並不是說 14 歲以下的兒少真的犯法這

是很嚴重的問題，因此政府決定研擬許多的兒童保護措施，14 歲以下的兒少如

果觸法，提供了很多不同的方案來協助這樣的兒少、處理這樣的兒少 14 歲以下

的兒少觸法事件。不過這邊有一點不是很清楚，那就是在《少事法》當中，12

歲到 18 歲的兒少如果觸法的話，基本上還是有可能會被判刑，或者是收容在少

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 年觀護所，也就是被判刑的 12 歲、13 歲的兒少有可能被收容在少年觀護所，就

還是用一個刑事的案件來做處理的，因此我們建議 12 到 13 歲的兒少，應該不是

用這樣的方式來處理，被送到少觀所。接下來是藥物濫用，在這部分政府也做

了很多改善，針對施用毒品的兒少已經不再做起訴，也不會讓因為他們用毒品

就讓他們上少年法庭，而且也很多的輔導服務幫助使用毒品的兒少，不過這邊

還是有一個問題，那就是在《少事法》當中還是有可能，如果兒少參與製造、

銷售或運輸非法藥物的話，還是會被送到少年法庭被視為一個觸法者，這邊我

想說的是，在這個制度之下，這些會用毒品的兒少他們到最後會被監禁，所以

我也要感謝政府在這方面提供給我們很多的統計數據，但是從統計數據我們看

到有兒少被起訴、被監禁所以這一點要請政府特別注意，另外如果是有毒癮的

兒少，也是有可能送到司法體系來做處置，我希望大家不要做這樣的事情，因

為只要是用毒品的兒少，應該適用保護體系，好，包括藥物成癮的兒少也應該

適用保護體系。最後，最後一分鐘，不過我的一分鐘會比 60 秒長一點，接下來

是對兒少的性剝削、性虐待，這是一個很嚴重的問題，也是對於兒少權利嚴重

的侵害，政府非常重視這一個議題，也採取了措施來去預防、處理這樣的性剝

削、性虐待的問題，那麼臺灣的政府正在進行可能要通過 OPSC 任擇議定書，不

過目前在這個任擇議定書裡面用的詞彙是兒童色情，也就是這種兒虐的性虐

待、性剝削的影像，我們建議政府採取所有必要的措施，應該要加入 OPSC 任擇

議定書裡面的條款，因為在我看來這是一份非常有幫助的文件，能夠落實 OPSC

的內容，如果各位看那一份文件的話，他不只有定義，同時也有很多不同的建

議，我舉個例子，那就是針對性虐待影像，線上性虐待影像，有的時候是虛擬

的兒少性虐待影像出現在網路上，那麼政府的建議是說要立法，由這些 ICT

（Information and Communication Technology）公司來去攔截、移除這樣的兒少性

虐待影像，不能讓這些影像在他們的伺服器上留存，金融機構也有責任，也要

去拒絕或者攔截任何的交易，他是為了要促進這些影像在網路上流傳，我覺得

這個是在任擇議定書當中的建議，臺灣政府可以考慮或是立法、或是透過政策

來去落實的。所以各位朋友們，我想談到捍衛兒童權利，我們都是朋友，我們

都一起致力來推動落實兒童的權利，因此我想我們要一起繼續努力下去，很多

時候，有的時候針對兒童權利的一些落實，有的時候會有些人會不願意配合，

或者不願意全面的做出改變，但是無論如何，我們這次結論性意見給各位接下

來 5 年的一份工作參考文件，我們非常期待能夠看到貴國第 3 次的國家報告，可

以讓我們看到貴國在落實兒童權利做了哪些更多的努力，同時也能夠參照國際

審查委員會所提出的結論性意見當中的各項建議，再次感謝各位的參與，展現

各位對於兒童權利落實的承諾跟決心，我希望我們的意見、建議能夠有助於各

位後續繼續推動兒童權利的落實，祝福各位，謝謝大家。

司儀：

再次謝謝所有的委員，不好意思今天的場地隔音比較差一點，如果造成任何不

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 適或者是干擾的話，要請各位貴賓多多的包含，接下來所有委員還有林政委到

舞台的前方，接下來是我們的結論性意見的報告遞交儀式，有請審查委員會的

主席，正式的遞交結論性意見報告給中華民國臺灣政府代表林萬億政委，我們

是不是一起掌聲，希望臺灣政府在委員提出的意見之後，能夠持續的改善兒

權，接下來第 2 張，我們是不是也有請這次政府機關代表團的副團長，衛福部的

李麗芬政務次長，以及承辦這次活動的衛福部社家署的簡慧娟署長到台上來一

起合照。我們是不是把這個道具板遞給我們台上的貴賓好嗎？我們再次給台上

的委員、政委、次長、署長一個掌聲。接下來是我們現場的媒體，以及非政府

組織代表提問的時間，跟各位現場貴賓稍微講解一下，我們接下來的 QA 為了讓

我們盡量大家都可以有機會提問，我們是不是依照梯次，一梯次我們可以接受 5

個問題，那提問我們是按照這個舉手的先後順序，那 5 個問題問完之後我們就請

台上的委員或政委來回答，因為這個時間的關係，請各位盡量將這個問題控制

在兩分鐘之內，那舉手之後等我們工作人員把麥克風遞給您，然後稍微介紹一

下您所屬的單位、大名以及您自己，謝謝。好，我們這邊有一題，還有嗎？這

邊一題，我們有號碼牌，不好意思，所以這邊第一題，然後我們右邊這邊也有

一位是第二題，我們把這個二號，後方有第三位，然後前面這邊有四，第四

位，然後第五位在這裡，好，我們第一個梯次就到這裡。

人本教育基金會：

目前在臺灣的《民法》中第 1085 條還有父母懲戒權的這樣子的規定，那父母懲

戒權的規定在法院實務上、實際上，讓父母可以對兒童施以體罰，就我們看到

近幾年案例裡面，包括用手或用皮帶抽打兒童，都會被法院因為父母懲戒權的

關係被認可，我想要請教政府以及國際專家對於父母懲戒權是否應該廢除，能

不能給我們一個具體的建議？不好意思，我補充介紹，我是人本教育基金會的

主任秘書陳志遠。

司儀：

非常謝謝，接下來請第二題提問。

社團法人台灣全國媽媽護家護兒聯盟：

委員、政委大家好，我是台灣全國媽媽護家護兒聯盟，首先我想要表達第一個

就是，剛剛兒少盟我覺得非常的勇敢，他們可以到台前去，雖然這個衝撞的方

式不是我們所樂見的，但是我覺得他們非常勇敢，第二個我覺得我們身為大人

我們自己也需要更多的檢討，所以也很建議政府就是我們希望當我們大人做錯

事，我們覺得我們失言的時候，確實需要有更好的態度，然後去面對兒少的這

些問題的回應，也應該有更多管道可以讓兒少們去申訴或是表達他們的意見，

然後我們有一些好的回應這樣。第三個我想表達的是，我覺得這樣的方式，或

是說我自己，因為我們自己團體這次也帶了 8 個兒少來參加這次的兒少的兒童權

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 利公約，那回去之後我的兒少就跟我說，他覺得在這樣的整個會場裡面，覺得

像是一個大型的抱怨會，那我覺得這對於兒童權利公約的推動其實並不是這麼

的友善、不是這麼的好，那我們對身為家長或身為一個做媽媽的來說，我們其

實不太希望看到兒少是用這樣的方式去表達，我們希望可以在政府這部分可以

做更多的努力，讓兒童權利公約推動不只是兒童要了解，我覺得大人其實是希

望可以在這個事情上面，是給予兒少更多的支持跟鼓勵，謝謝。

司儀：

謝謝，接下來我們第三題的提問。

台灣家長守護婦幼權益協會：

各位大家好，我是台灣家長守護婦幼協會權益的理事長，我這邊有一些就是雖

然不是在結論性意見裡面好像有被提到的，但是我希望在這裡能夠發表我們意

見，因為我們這次在 NGOs 的部分發表意見的機會實在是太少了，比起往年來

講。我們協會有幾點意見，希望能夠趁此機會也讓我們的政府能夠知道，就是

說第一點，在我們會議中其實有提到所謂的要制定反歧視法，或是剛剛委員有

提到一個法律的，來防止霸凌這樣的事件，這樣的一個結論的建議，那我們比

較擔心的是這個部分，在歧視的定義是模糊的，還有我們對政府的執法及落實

的公正性我們會……，老實說我們是存疑的，那第三就是我們學生基礎的倫理

與道德的教育並未提升，這也是我們所擔心，在用法制的部分來去做這些制止

的動作，其實並不能增加我們的品質與素質、素養，還有就是關於所謂的同志

收養的議題，這個部分我們也希望政府以兒童最佳利益為宗旨，最主要是要避

免逆向的歧視，也是跟剛剛的反歧視法有所連結，還有第三像是我們這次要開

放試行跨性別參加運動競賽，像這樣重大的一個議題我們政府的協調功能真的

是非常的差，很抱歉，我還是要跟兒少們抱歉，就是我們還是在抱怨，因為這

並沒有公聽會。

司儀：

時間到，十秒之內總結好嗎？

台灣家長守護婦幼權益協會：

謝謝，請不要閉門造車，請開公聽會，謝謝。

司儀：

接下來第四題的提問。

聞英佐：

我是兒少聞英佐，然後我想補充一下關於剛才的行動，我相信各位都可以認同

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 我們的兒少應該要在一個健康，然後一個可以提供他好好成長的環境下長大，

我們的兒少在青春年華應該要譜出悠揚的樂章，而不是陰沉的輓歌，政府應該

要積極預防兒少走向深淵，而不是在消極地邊緣等待最後的兒少甚至是接不住，

沒錯，為什麼我會說接不住呢？因為在司長發表完他的言論後，當天晚上在氣

氛肅殺的台北車站的補習街，就有一名正在面對升學壓力的高中生跳樓身亡，

這是當天發生的事情，那這其實是非常諷刺的，兒少會跳樓，大概不是因為樓

太高，而是壓力太大、賦予他的期待太重，那也期待政府這邊就是政委和衛福

部，可不可以待會來回應一下剛才提出的 3 點訴求，包含我們請衛福部可不可以

代表來道歉，然後針對就是召開會議，和進行系統性調查的部分進行回應，謝

謝。

司儀：

謝謝，接下來第一輪的最後一題，第五題。

林沛君：

Doek 主席，各位委員大家好，我是林沛君，我是人權方面的一位助理教授，我

要利用這個機會感謝各位釐清並且強調許多兒少權利的概念，在本周的建設性

討論以及在各位結論性意見當中都看到了，我們知道這樣概念在紙上看起來或

許很抽象，在實務上或許難以掌握，那這都會影響到兒少權利的落實，我相信

各位在這些概念上的釐清有助於大家更了解兒少權利，讓 CRC 公約的精神可以

在臺灣落實，我也要謝謝各位肯定了在這一次審查會議當中政府所做出的努

力，還有 NGOs 和特別是兒少做出的努力，感謝你們的肯定，這是一個非常豐

富、有意義的過程，對我個人來說是如此，很期待 5 年後可以再次見到各位。

司儀：

接下來交給主席。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

首先針對體罰以及在《民法》當中的條款懲戒權，我想 Vuckovic 教授來回應這

個主題。

Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic 委員：

謝謝主席，也謝謝您的提問，我的答案是，這樣子的挑戰不應該繼續留在法令

當中，應該要有所改變，我們提出了結論性意見當中也反映出了我們的看法，

比如說針對第 8 號一般性意見，以及第 13 號一般性意見當中有提到了暴力的定

義，不管這個暴力來自何處，來自於家庭、來自於老師、社區等等都應受到禁

止，不能有身體、情緒或任何其他形式的虐待，法令也絕不該允許這樣的行為，

我想起碼這樣的行為在法律上要受到禁止，謝謝。

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院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

剛剛兒少所提出來有關學生自殺的課題，的確我們的資料顯示學生之所以自

殺，第一個原因的確是壓力，不管是課業壓力或者其他各種壓力，第二種很重

要問題是感情，因為學生處理感情的經驗，往往沒辦法在當下做出非常有效的

紓解，第三個是家庭或親子關係的衝突，第四個是同儕關係，包含霸凌或者校

園暴力，另外少數有一些情緒上，特別是心理健康的議題，憂鬱症，這些是我

們過去的資料顯示出來，那一天諶司長在這裡回答的確不夠精準，我們會請衛

福部轉達諶司長再跟大家說清楚，如果他自己沒有把議題講清楚，他自己把它

說清楚，至於未來我們會對這個課題，如同剛剛委員提到，以及教育部還有衛

福部心健司已經合作處理的學生自殺的三級預防的整個方案，同時我們已經把

他列入到國家人權行動計畫中生命權的部分，所以我們未來會落實來執行，希

望包括學校在內，包括家庭、包括兒少本身，大家一起來預防所有學生可能發

生的自殺。剛剛委員也特別提到，除了自殺之外還有交通事故，的確我們在這

幾年的調查，18 歲以下的兒少一年的死亡，從 2018 年的 1,400 多人，現在已經

降到 1,100 多人，在 6 歲以上的，來自意外事故跟交通死亡的情況比較嚴重，我

們也都列入到治安會報有關於交通安全，也請交通部做了非常多硬體的改善跟

軟體方面的必要的搭配；至於年紀比較輕的，的確虐待造成、疏忽造成，比方

說兒童不小心放在車子裡，沒有把孩子帶離家長就離開，或者因為使用安全椅

不當導致的，或者沒有戴安全帽導致這些疏忽造成的，我們也都心知肚明，會

在未來花更多的資源、花更多的力氣來把兒童的死亡率降低。至於說其中有關

於疾病的部分，衛福部也在提升優化兒童的醫療，想辦法要讓兒童可預防、可

治療的疾病能夠盡可能地得到很好的處理，降低我們的兒童死亡率，以上跟年

輕人報告，也同時也讓大家知道我們會努力來做，謝謝。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

我的假定是剛剛提出的有些是觀察意見而不是問題，其中有一點觀察我想要呼

應的就是在兒少參與會議，是否對兒少是友善的環境，其實要讓一個情況對所

有的兒少都很舒適自在，像這樣的會議情境下是很不容易的，尤其要討論的是

兒少權利，既然是討論兒少權利，當然我們要盡力讓兒少事先知道，參與這個

會議大概會是什麼樣的情況，並不是那麼容易能夠做到，但是我們還是要盡力，

這就好像司法體系也是類似的情況，剛剛我有說過兒少到法庭，那是一個很嚇

人的環境、很嚇人的機構、很嚇人的房間，前面的人穿著看起來也很嚇人，然

後，他們要做的決定也看起來很嚇人，所以怎麼樣能夠讓這個情境比較自在，

讓兒少能夠自在的參與，這是我們隨時要謹記在心。在這麼大型的會議的情境

下牽涉到兒少，邀請他們參與的時候都要考量這一點，也因此在這方面，我剛

剛忘了提，下一次我也希望跟一些童工見面，15 歲以上跟 15 歲下的兒少有在工

作的，因為他們的工作條件很多時候沒有達到應有的條件水準，當然我們在審

查過程中是有討論到。

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司儀：

接下來我們再開放第二梯次的提問，這邊，我們是不是號碼牌準備一下，這邊

有一題、兩題，還有後面這位同學第三題，這邊第四題跟第五題，然後我們後

面那位先生我們就下一輪好嗎？不好意思，一、二、三然後四、五。那首先有

請第一題提問。

兒童福利聯盟：

各位委員大家好，我是兒福聯盟執行長，同時也是行政院兒權小組的委員，我

想感謝就是各個國際委員花了這一周時間，還有之前閱讀了很多報告給我們未

來要推動的方向，我想首先因為我們想要朝著這些結論性意見去前進，所以我

覺得回到行政院兒權小組，我們大概 3 個月才開一次，然後我們最近被告知每一

次的會議只能有 3 個提案，我想對於我們很急促的想要改變這樣的、推動這樣的

兒童權利，我會希望說我們可以想個更有效率的方法來解決，這是第一個。那

第二個其實就是稍微回應一下像心理健康，其實剛剛兒少已經提過，他們有好

多的不管在中央或地方的提案，其實我覺得尤其是疫情後，就是他們談到不只

是心理健康假的問題，還有線上的諮詢或輔導這件事情，我覺得也是想要呼應

一下，我覺得我們最怕的就是兒少不求助，但是如果兒少已經都提出提案了，

我希望政府也積極的接下來會處理。那最後一個是其實今天的委員 Cantwell，特

別提到 Identity 的這件事情，我可能想要好奇的再多問一下，因為在臺灣現在正

在修《人工生殖法》，對於大量以前的捐精者其實都是匿名，現在臺灣其實即便

是在查詢，也只是查就是你在結婚的時候，他們會不會有亂倫的疑慮，我覺得

以國際的趨勢，這個對於不管是收養、代孕、人工生殖的孩子的 Identity 的這個

部分，譬如說大量的過往都是匿名的，那怎麼樣去在未來其實去就是解決孩子

其實被告知的這個權利，以上。

司儀：

謝謝，那接下來第二題提問。

台灣兒童權益聯盟：

委員還有各位先進，我這邊有幾項的意見跟提問，第一個是像這次參加國際審

查的時間，好像事實上在跟 5 年前一樣，也就是說以提交報告的份數來規劃發言

的長度，而不是依照，因為我是兒約盟的召集人，同時也是兒權盟和台少盟的

理事長，我們兒約盟事實上是 36 個團體，可是就是 6 分鐘，那我們非常希望跟

國際委員產生能夠對話，可是一個團體他 3 分鐘，我們 36 個團體 6 分鐘，要把

所有的我們相關的意見，或者是我們實務觀察的現象要讓國際委員了解，事實

上只有平行報告是不夠的，我們還希望有實際上有一個互動溝通，所以當然我

們也要問今天來的國際委員，不知道在其他的國家在採行這種跟公民團體對話

的那個時間點到底有多少？這是第一個。第二個事實上剛才政委也提到交通事

449

 故，的確 Lundy 也提到我們交通事故，那今天臺灣已經孩子生的這麼少的時候，

105 年跟 109 年比我們生少 3 萬，可是交通死傷多 3000 這件事情始終是沒有解

決，雖然有事故傷害防治委員會，可是半年開一次會，我們提案再多也要半年

後看到有沒有，那再下一次又再議，因為每次來開會的人可能他層級都不這麼

高，這層級不高的時候，常常就是帶回去研議，始終沒有辦法解決問題，可是

我們看到鄰近國家韓國，他們只花短短的時間讓兒少的交通傷亡下降，死亡下

降 96%、受傷下降 69%，所以我們覺得這效果是非常的好的，可是我們有沒有

更好的措施來對應，否則的話對我們來講臺灣已經孩子生這麼少的話，不允許

死亡，以上，謝謝。

司儀：

謝謝，接下來第三題的提問。

梁朝勛：

大家好，我是朝勛，那我自己現在是高三的學生，同時也是行政院兒權小組的

委員，那其實就是想要回應剛剛麗芳執行長有稍微提到心理健康這個提案，我

們都有去提出來，那這邊想要特別提幾個點，包含其實我們有一直在會議中想

要去提說，其實青少年在很多自殺議題上他不是衝動，有很多跡象可以去尋

找，我們開會的時候其實也討論到死因回溯這件事情，在很多個人因素的討論

會說找不到，或者是不太確定要如何去尋找，那我們也有在想說在教育端也

好，或者在家庭裡面其實都能夠，或是從他的社群網站上也好都能夠去找到更

多的點，那剛剛有提到國家人權行動計畫，其實我們也剛好最近就是在討論這

樣的提案，我們在看那個強化生命權保障的時候，會一直覺得這是一個被動的

資源的一個建置，他其實可能講專線的量，就是收的量要多少，是一些數據化

的，但是在心理健康這個議題，我們更期待的是政府可以著重在去汙名化，在

積極性措施這件事情，比如說有很多兒少提案，包含我們之前一直在推的心理

健康假，包含社區心理衛生中心的兒少近用性，他在診間的設計或者是在團體

治療的一個設計上，兒少的角色要怎麼被帶出來，那還有像是諮詢專線我們一

直在講說，可不可以民間跟政府是可以有一個整合一起去討論、去分析，還有

最後隱私倫理，通訊諮商的討論，兒少的聲音能不能夠帶出來，那其實最後也

就是要詢問國際委員，或許在其他國家有討論過所謂的兒童整體的國家人權行

動計畫，在那些國家裡兒少是如何去參與的，或者是在討論那些議題的時候，

兒童人權這件事情怎麼樣被帶出來，因為畢竟每一個人權都很重要，各個公約

都很重要，那該如何去取捨，這是我想要提問的，以上，謝謝。

司儀：

謝謝，接著第四題提問。

450

兒少：

各位國際委員會好，我是兒少，那這邊是第一個的問題是想要問安置兒少他們

的教育資源，是因為目前在臺灣緊急跟短期的機構，其實是不會有讓小孩出去

外出就學的可能，然後通常機構如果是遠距的話，因為機構裡面是禁止通訊設

備的，他們會有疑慮，如果讓你使用電子產品的話會不會有資料外洩的可能，

所以在保護兒少還有兒少受教權之間，現在的制度會比較偏向保護兒少，所以

會剝奪他的受教權，這是第一個。第二個是想要回應司法兒少，他們在開庭的

時候法庭的友善度，目前臺灣的少年法庭是針對兒少是觸法者，但是我覺得大

家比較忽略的是，如果今天兒少他是原告，然後被告的是成年人的話，其實會

在普通的法庭召開，其實那個環境對兒少也是並不友善的，然後除了性相關的

案件一定是把法庭的門關上，但如果是普通的民事案件的話，其實大家並不會

特別去注意裡面的原告他是兒少這件事，可能書狀上就是會把他名字遮起來，

但是法庭的門，可能法官也會忽略就是不能讓別人進來旁聽之類的，對這是兩邊

就是，第一個會想要請國際委員就是，能不能有一個明確的指示是關於保護兒

少，跟兒少的受教權能不能有一個比較明確的指示，再來是有點像是提醒大家，

就是今天原告如果是兒少的話，他們的法庭友善度其實是不夠的這樣子。

司儀：

謝謝，接下來第五題提問，麥克風幫忙開一下好不好？

全國家長會長聯盟：

委員，大家好，我是全國家長會長聯盟陳佳嘉，我要談的是交通安全的部分，

我們一直說交通安全死亡率高居不下，這邊有一個具體的建議，關於衛福部這

個是執行非常簡單的，在孕婦去產檢的時候應該先進行衛教，然後 CRC 宣導，

進行衛教完才可以做產檢，安全的使用安全座椅可以很快地降低我們的死亡

率，再來我們的孩子帶離開醫院的時候，就生產完帶離開醫院的時候可以比照

國外的做法，在國外有護士人員，離開前就會先教你，而且必須要有安全座椅

然後來接你，護士會跟著你下去，然後指導你使用正確的安全座椅的方式，這

樣子的話因為我們王婉諭立委也提到，使用安全座椅的部分，第一臺灣並不普

遍，然後再來沒有正確的使用方式，所以這個其實在一開始的生產衛教，然後

跟帶離開醫院，就可以明確地執行完成；再來的話就是交通的部分，在學校交

通部分的話，建議可以依《交通道路管理法》的第 4 條，就是執行人員這部分，

可以增加一個導護志工指揮，導護志工這部分是專業就像義警一樣可以訓練，

然後可以讓他們有導護指揮權，這樣子應該是可以很快速的減少兒童保護的生

命安全，謝謝。

司儀：

謝謝提問。

451

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

非常感謝各位所提出的這些問題，我們接下來就試著一一回覆，第一個是心理

健康，談到院兒權小組的開會。

John Tobin 委員：

我想您剛剛提到了就是必須要有政府跟公民社會還有父母、兒少持續的對話，

看看到底心理健康的服務怎麼樣更有效地提供給兒少，包括了透過線上的諮

詢、輔導，我覺得其實對兒少來說，可能更容易去應用這樣的輔導服務，所以

您剛剛，您現在在跟中央政府或地方政府已經有的這個對話機制，也就是地方

政府層級的有的這種對話，也應該要支持中央政府的這個部分，不管是兒少相

關的專業人員、社會服務、心理健康人員都能夠一起參與，所以不只是最後提

供心理輔導，而是有一些預防的機制，因為在兒少需要諮詢輔導之前，可能已

經有很多的警訊，換句話說我們要比較主動的出擊，而不是被動的等待，我們

也要讓兒少知道我們鼓勵他們去主動的尋求協助。剛剛提到了汙名化，我們必

須要去汙名化，鼓勵兒少讓他們知道說去尋求幫助是很 OK 的，這個我想我會鼓

勵您，也就是談到適當的心理健康，就是要找到所有可行的管道，重點是能夠

非常主動的提出這些資訊，所以當然這部分，要有專業的心理諮商輔導人員，

一定要有預算來支持讓他們去受專業的訓練，不管是精神科醫師或是心理師，

所以我會鼓勵您能夠繼續跟相關的人員有這樣的對話。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

謝謝 John，那 Cantwell 教授可不可以回應一下身分這一題？

Nigel Cantwell 委員：

講到要修《人工生殖法》，很明顯的是在各個國家，精卵捐贈兒少，會了解一開

始的捐贈過程是匿名的，不過在大部分的例子當中會看到，起碼要蒐集一些非

辨識的身分資訊，針對捐贈者可以蒐集非辨識性的個人資訊，了解這個捐贈者

的健康狀況等等，也越來越朝向下一個方向前進，也就是說去辨識出捐贈者的

身分，也就是說他們或許必須揭露他們自己的身分，這樣子的資訊往後可能可

以提供給精卵捐贈出生的兒少，當然或許也要詢問捐贈者本人是否同意，目前

沒有一個標準作法，當然在公約當中也沒有明確的規範，因為在當時人工生殖

還不是這麼的廣泛，不過現在的趨勢確實越來越走向要讓精卵捐贈出生的兒少，

可以得知其捐贈者的身分。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

謝謝 Cantwell 教授，下一個問題，很務實的問題，則是關於 NGOs 的參與，多個

團體 NGOs 獲得的時間有比個別 NGOs 多一點，那麼委員會的目標是希望鼓勵其

實各個國家的 NGOs 可以提供一份全面性的報告，那當然含括了大部分的 NGOs

452

 關切之點，我們不希望來自義大利收到 40 份的 NGOs 報告，或者是在其他的國

家，德國收到 65 份 NGOs 的報告，所以如果各位繳出報告的話，當然我們都會

閱讀，在臺灣的作法不同，是因為 NGOs 現場參與審查會議，且有機會在現場表

達其意見，在周一上午、周一下午都有時段，也有問答的環節，這個跟聯合國

CRC 委員會的作法比較起來，其實無可比擬，在臺灣 NGOs 參與的期間比較多，

還有兒少的參與也是，跟日內瓦的委員會在與其他國家的 NGOs 互動的時候已經

來得多很多。剛剛似乎有一位高三同學的意見有沒有委員要回應？

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

白執行長，我們在 10 月 31 號以及之前的會議已經決定，第二次國家報告的結論

性意見的處理過程是專案的，所以我們會很密集來處理，所以跟那個兒權小組

的會議是分開的，所以你可能忘記了，所以會很密集的，不一定是一天、兩天，

但是是要跟 NGOs 對話蒐集資料，政府部門要分別去回應之後回來彙整，跨部會

我會親自主持，這個都已經決定了，我們行程都排出了，所以請大家放心，會

有很密集的會議來回應國際審查委員給我們的提醒。那第二個回應是關於安置

機構的學生是否會缺乏他的就學的機會？或者會影響到他就學的權益？是不會

的，因為依照《強迫入學條例》，依照《國民教育法》，只要在國民教育階段的

學生，都應該受教育，所以他不會有這樣的影響，怕的是機構所在附近的學區，

可能會有汙名化，或者一些不必要的干擾，這個我們會提醒教育部一定要禁止。

那第三個回應是剛剛同學提到，你之前提到非常多跟心理衛生有關的，我印象

非常深刻，我有要求教育部在未來的病假裡面把心理健康放進去，但是不要用

病，各位還記得嗎？我年紀比較大，可能記憶比較不好，但是我都記得，所以

請大家知道有在進行之中，每一個我所做的決議我都會要求各部會，就是要這

樣來給提案的委員，不管是兒少或者是其他團體都要回應，所以我們有一步一

步在處理中，至於剛剛講到的一些心理衛生資源不足的，這個也都納入在未來

我們會處理中。那關於少年法庭的相關議題，我們會轉達給司法院再來看看，

同學剛剛提到的的確是有道理，但是否有那樣的準備，那我特別再回應一下，

委員在資料中提了一個瑞典文 Barnahus，是瑞典文，因為我去過瑞典我知道，那

個叫做兒童之家，那個在 2017 年歐盟就大力的在推，希望所有國家在處理兒童

受虐以及目睹的時候，我們在跟兒童進行所謂各種不同的專業要去必要的

Interview 或者做 Assessment，應該在一個 Barnahus 這樣的環境之下來進行，這

是一個非常好的提醒，其實在幾天的對話中也曾隱約地提出來，那我們會請衛

福部再檢討一下，看看國內有沒有哪些機構可以稍微開始來轉型類似包括社工

的評估、心理諮商、法官的一些詢問，還有相關的做必須要家庭或者他的社區

學校等等的了解，都在一個友善溫暖的環境之中來進行，這個提醒第一次，因

為 5 年前沒有這個，這一次他們提醒我昨天晚上看到這個，我就覺得哇，非常

Exciting，謝謝你們提醒我們，我們會努力來做這些，謝謝。

453

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

謝謝，謝謝林政委，我想隱私權上還有一個問題，在 CRC 公約裡面或許沒有那

麼明確，但是在兒少司法的一般性意見中提到，少年法庭當中的程序，如果有

觸法少年受到審判的話即為閉門會議，如果是家事案件的話，起碼在我的國家

也是閉門討論，在歐洲人權自由法案下面，就有要求如果是刑事案件的話則是

公開的案件，但是兒少案件為例外，此外，針對兒少的量刑也有相關的規範，

兒少的名字也會從文件當中塗黑等等這些規範，讓他們的名字不要揭露。

司儀：

謝謝主席，我們時間其實不夠了，是不是可以請最後面這一位先生來提問，我

們讓上一輪沒有問到的，最後那邊的，上一輪舉手的，不好意思，那我們接下

來可能就不接受問題了，我們請上一輪的這一位先生幫我們問最後一個問題，

謝謝。

社團法人復生食物銀行全人關懷協會：

最後是壓軸，林政委還有國際委員大家好，我看到第二天早上公部門都來參加

所有的會議。

司儀：

先幫我們介紹一下您。

社團法人復生食物銀行全人關懷協會：

我是復生全人關懷協會的理事長，林政委還有國際委員大家好，我看到第二天

早上公部門所有都出席來參加這次的會議，就代表公部門很重視這次的會議，

希望他們不是被點名來參加，然後參加這種被點名的會議，然後都沒有為我們

NGOs 發聲，希望政府不是說一套、做一套，林政委我要跟你說你知道嗎？我現

在要幫一位兒少來發聲，他來代表兒少出席這個會議，後來回去跟學校要請公

假，學校不予公假，叫他一定要事假來辦理，我覺得這好像是學校宣導不夠，

所以我覺得教育部這個部分需要再加強。我提出一個問題，戰爭帶來的兒少難

民的問題，政府有沒有優先考量兒少移民及優先的安置，烏克蘭每一秒就有一

位的兒少難民，聯合國指出戰火到現在逃離烏克蘭的有 300 萬人，其中一半有

140 萬人是兒少，未來臺海危機無情的戰火如果發生，臺灣是一個海島型的國家，

政府的超前部署在哪邊？兒少優先安置或後送的問題或者是國家 CRC，有沒有

為這些臺灣的兒童想到這些問題？請回答，謝謝。

司儀：

謝謝。

454

院兒權小組召集人林萬億政務委員：

在前天的會議中，兒少也點出來我們在上次 10 月 31 號的會議，兒少行政院的兒

權小組會議中也有這個提案，也就是在武裝衝突之下，我們的全民國防手冊，

是否真的可以讓兒少易讀、易懂、同時可以操作，相關的配套是否需要提早進

行作規劃，國防部的人也都在場，所以表示這個議題我們是有納入，此外在上

上個禮拜的全國救災會議一個聯席會報中，我們也提出來對於戰爭可能造成脆

弱人口群受到最大的傷害，這個脆弱人口群包括身心障礙、兒少、老人等等，

都已經開始有一些相關的規劃在進行，所以跟您回應政府是有想到，不是沒有，

謝謝。

Jakob Egbert Doek 主席：

謝謝林政委回應這個問題，我想這的確是一個重要的問題，也是一個重大的國

際關注兒少難民以及兒少權利，希望能夠盡量提供這些兒少最好的保護，這個

議題現在在歐洲，包括我國荷蘭也是關切的議題，這個情況下往往有很多的兒

少，往往充滿了不確定性，對於未來每一天、每一年都有很多的不確定存在，

因此國際社會絕對在 CRC 公約之下有義務要盡最大的努力來幫助這些兒少，這

些兒少所面臨的情境，有的時候真的是非常的嚴峻。

司儀：

我們最後是不是以一個掌聲再次謝謝我們的國際審查委員，也謝謝現場或者是

線上一同加入我們這個禮拜，國際審查會議的好朋友們以及機關團體的代表，

再次謝謝，謝謝。那各位貴賓我們在場外有準備餐盒，請各位貴賓離場之前，

都可以憑識別證領取餐盒，有借口譯設備的貴賓，提醒您要記得歸還設備，謝

謝。

455

 Meeting Transcript

Emcee:

Ladies and gentlemen, good morning and welcome to the press conference and

presentation of Concluding Observations for the review meeting of the ROC second

report under the Convention on the Rights of the Child. To begin, we’d like to firstly

take this opportunity to thank all the members of the International Review Committee

who have worked long hours to go through all the documents, to have meetings with the

representatives of the National Human Rights Commission and also government

agencies, legislature, NGOs. And later they are going to present the Concluding

Observations which will be very, very important to whether or not Taiwan can take its

Children’s Rights to yet another level. Let’s give them a big round of applause. Thank

you so much. Let’s firstly invite Lin Wan-I Convenor of the Task Force on Promotion of

the Rights and Welfare for Children and Youth Minister without Portfolio Executive

Yuan.

There will be a Q&A session. Would you please leave your QA at the end of the press

conference? Because Minister Lin is going to give his remarks. There will be a Q & A

session later on. Let’s all respect the IRC members. IRC members will give their

Concluding Observations. After the Concluding Observations presented, you can raise

your questions. Excuse me, our staff, would you please come help?

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Emcee, let them state their opinions.

Emcee:

Minister Lin stated that, okay if you want to state your opinions, and would you please

finish in 3 minutes?

Children Attendee:

Okay. The reason why we’re here on the stage is because the Director Shen Li-Zhong,

during the Chapter 1 to 4 session, this government delegate talked about the cause of the

death or suicide saying that without all the jumping off from the buildings, then the

suicide rate is not that high. We think this is taking the fact out of context. He talked

about the means, he was not talking about the causes. We think he is not addressing to

the root cause. And Professor Laura Lundy asked the questions on structural reasons, for

example, too much academic pressure and so on. So within one day, we collected some

of the words and opinions for about 100 children and we will present these...

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Emcee:

Does another person want to speak?

Children Attendee:

Hold on a second, no, no, no, I mean, later on we will present our opinions, we’re going

to scatter these opinions of the children. It means that our opinions are just scattered

around on the ground or the floor, nobody pays attention to our opinions. And the

government is not able to catch the falling children. We will have three suggestions: first

of all, Ministry of Health and Welfare should respond to this issue and we want the

representative from the Ministry to apologize and Mr. Shen, the government delegate

who said that is not here. But what he said really hurt the children in Taiwan. We hope

that he will organize a press conference to express his official apologies. So our slogan

is that the head of the department should apologize. He should apologize. And he also

said that people shouldn’t do barbeque because if there’s coal that’s used for barbeque,

it becomes left over then the coal will be used for suicide. So again, we call upon his

apologies. We call upon the government to attach great importance to children’s suicide.

There should be consultation meetings, there should be systematic inquiry and

investigation. I think the Control Yuan is conducting such an investigation. So there

should be more meetings and more research. More meetings, more research and more

investigation. Okay. Thank you all very much.

Emcee:

Thank you for your request.

Children Attendee:

The last, we have some…

Emcee:

Okay. You have 30 seconds.

Children Attendee:

To all IRC members, I am a senior high school student and a committee member of the

Children’s Rights Group at the Executive Yuan and thank you so much for asking about

mental health in your Concluding Observations. Many local children representatives had

proposed some mental health related proposals. We hope that it will attract national

attention, especially it is really important for children. So I would like to thank you.

Thank you for giving us the time to stand here to say what we want. In the future we

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 hope that we can continue to work with the government and the NGOs. And I would like

to invite Minister Lin or IRC members, they probably should give some feedback to

what we just said. Thank you very much.

Emcee:

This is a level platform for everybody to raise their concerns and also to let everybody

hear your voices. Thank you very much to the young generation for using this platform

to voice your opinions. Later on there will be a Q & A session and you can take the

opportunity of that time.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

First of all, I would like to thank the five IRC members. Four of them were here for the

first review and provided us with valuable suggestions so that in different fields, in

different departments on different issues, the government has been working hard to

generate results. Now, this time the IRC members have proposed some of their

observations and recommendations. And on behalf of Premier Su, I would like to thank

the IRC members for working from Sunday all the way to now especially when there is

jet lag and time zone difference, it’s difficult to sleep in the morning, but they have to

be really focused when they have a dialogue with you. And starting from the afternoon

two days ago and yesterday, they took the inventory of the observations and they worked

I think until 8 p.m. I received their Concluding Observations. I read through these

opinions thoroughly and I admire them for their work. Later on during the Q&A, I think

there will be more discussions, but now I would like to respond to what the children just

said now. I think the IRC members said something very important, that is to allow

diverse participation. And various meetings among the government, there should be

diversity as well. Diversity of the participants means that there should be younger

children who can participate because this time IRC members see older children, maybe

teenagers who are 16 or 17 so younger children, children with disabilities, indigenous

children, children from economically vulnerable families, they should all have the

opportunity to participate. They can participate on issues not only on education but urban

planning, traffic, leisure and so on. So we are asked to inject the spirit of CRC into all

fields of discussions and to include children’s participation. So to respond to the young

people who are on the stage now, we will continue to work towards this direction, and

continue to encourage participation. So if you have experiences of participation, you

maybe can encourage younger children to participate. I think some children came to me

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 and I said to these children that please, pass on your experience because your

participation is and will be very important. This is going to help Taiwan stay aligned

with the international standards. I would touch upon some other issues later. I think I

want to give the floor to the IRC members now. They also want to share with us what

they have observed. Thank you very much.

Emcee:

Thank you so much to Minister Lin Wan-I and next we would like to invite Professor

Jakob Egbert Doek, Chairman of the International Review Committee, to say a few

words at the beginning of the press conference. Let’s welcome him.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Good morning everybody. It’s good to see you again at the final session of the Review

of the Second Report of the government of Taiwan on the Implementation of the

Convention on the Rights of the Child. It was again, because we were here before, it was

again a kind of vibrance series of sessions with a lot of input from the government. We

are very pleased by the information that we received during our dialogue with the

delegation of the government which was impressive in terms of the range of topics that

were covered to the various ministries present here that was well, it’s the advantage of

doing it the country, we don’t have that in Geneva, such a big delegation of all kinds of

representatives of government ministries. So one of those advantages is to do it in the

country. All that resulted in this little thing. You can put it in your pocket, you can have

it available every morning when you want to go to your office, just check this section of

health if you’re working in health and see what you have to do today. So it’s that

particular simple document that is the result of our consultation with you as a

government and the discussion we had and the exchange of information through the List

of Issues and your responses, the very active involvement of children as was confirmed

this morning. We very much appreciate that active participation and the expression of

your views, one of those basic rights of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. And

we certainly encourage you to do that and not only today, but throughout the year when

necessary and meet with all relevant authorities at the national local level to make your

point, to encourage them, to support them in doing what is expected from them under

the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The Concluding Observations do express our

appreciation for what the government has achieved and that is quite impressive. The

government is very serious about the implementation of the Convention on the Rights

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 of the Child and undertook a variety of measures both in legislation and in policy

development and implementation. And you will find that also in the Concluding

Observations. Today, just by way of a brief kind of presentation, if you are feeling of

what was and is our discussion and concern in what you find in the Concluding

Observations, it is of course a document that should not be shelved next to a couple of

other documents you have in your office and it is a challenge for not only the government,

but also for NGOs, for young people, for children, use this document when you pursue

a certain goal in improving the implementation of your rights. You can find some links

in the document that you may use for your activities in promoting the implementation

of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. We will now continue with a brief

presentation, some of the key recommendations and we will start with Dr. Nevena

Vuckovic.

Emcee:

The mic is on.

Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic:

This is a new type of mic. Good morning everyone and it’s a great pleasure to be with

you. It was a great pleasure to work in Taiwan for the first time. For me it’s the first time

and I was really happy to have been given an opportunity to work with you. I will just

go briefly through to what was sort of my part of the Concluding Observations. I was

mostly in charge of general measures of implementation and what is called the

infrastructure and then on violence, but then violence is so overarching that we will all

be touching on violence. So when I talked about general measures of implementation,

it’s in the beginning of our Concluding Observations. I actually talked about the

infrastructure and this is if you want to have a comfortable life in a nice house, you have

to have a road that leads to that. You have to have the electricity, plumbing, you have to

have really comfortable house and everything so that you can really enjoy life in that

house and this is a kind of similar thing if you want to have good exercise of the rights

of the child you have to have a good infrastructure and therefore, we first look into

legislation and we are very happy that so much has been done in adjusting legislation.

In harmonizing we are suggesting because we read your law on the protection of children

and youth, and we believe that it should be revisited and it should be a little bit different.

So that’s our first recommendation. Then we also have recommendations regarding the

policies and strategies. We would still like to see a comprehensive strategy on the rights

460

 of the child in the country. Because sectoral strategies are not always so useful unless

you have a full strategy. Coordination we are very happy with. But we still believe that

coordination should be stronger, more budgeted, well-staffed so that it cannot only

coordinate work, but it can also maybe do monitoring, state monitoring all the time.

Training and education, there is so much training going on and we believe that you’re

on the right path. Just continue like that and you just make sure that everybody is

included in the training. But we are all certain that this is going to happen in the course

of the next five years. Independent monitoring, we were very happy that the National

Human Rights Commission was established. We are still concerned and we raised that

concern in our Concluding Observations that it’s not sufficient to cover the rights of the

child in accordance with the General Comment No. 2 so we are proposing that you

maybe think and talk, organize a dialogue whether you are going to really enlarge and

establish a special unit for children and have a visible child rights ombudsman or have

a separate ombudsman for children. And there are a few more issues like we also said

something about international cooperation, we were happy about it. And I will finish

with the last point and this is access to justice and complaints mechanism, which is also

very structural issue because there is a commendable number of complaints procedures

for children who believed their rights have been violated in different systems; education,

health, but still children actually came to us in many of their reports and in the

discussions and we actually learned that these complaint mechanisms are not working

well and actually children refrain from using them because they’re also afraid that their

privacy could be violated. Yes, in the Concluding Observations we are also

recommending that the government keeps improving these mechanisms ensuring

confidentiality and just proceedings. So we recommend that a complaint mechanism is

placed in a broader picture of the child’s access to justice and services. Thank you very

much.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Thank you very much, Dr. Vuckovic. And the floor is for Laura Lundy to give a brief

presentation on the topics that he has been covering in this particular review process.

Laura Lundy:

Thank you. And this is on? I thank you very much again. I reiterate our thanks to the

government for the hard work and detail and the way that you collaborated with us; it’s

much appreciated. To civil society and NGOs for the huge work that went into sending

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us the alternative reports and especially to children and young people for their

perspectives. I had the brief on the general principles and on education, I’m just gonna

say a few things. I wanna start by really congratulating the government on the incredible

work in terms of Article 12 and participation. It has really transformed since 2017. I

mean, it’s incredible to change from then. There’s so much happening and it was really

wonderful to see that. I also commend you on the fact that you realized that this is a

journey and that you know that things need to get better and as Minister Lin said one of

those things is ensuring that we include a more diverse group of children and young

people especially children, so I won’t say much more about that. The second thing is

starting to think about the areas where we...you want to encourage children to participate

and I think that really means anything that affects their lives so it’s not just I mean it’s

obviously, education and health but it’s everything and that really takes me to my next

point, which is one of the very significant areas when we looked and that is your very

high-rate of child death. And again, one of the ways that you can go forward and tackle

that is with children and young people themselves. So that is why when we look at the

high-rate of death from your road traffic accidents and that we are encouraging you to

get your urban planners and your designers talking to children. In the children session,

some young people showed us videos of their journey to school you know, and they

were eye-opening for us to see you know what they faced, and they have a lot to say

about their own life experience and most importantly the solutions how they can change

that. And the secondary of course is we realized today is your high-suicide rate and the

links to mental health. And actually I don’t have to say anything here because the young

people who protested at the start have done a better job. They have shown that with the

point that I want to make is that we must link that to the wider structural issues that are

causing poor mental health including, you know, stress and lack of rest which of

course...I don’t need to say anything so thank you. You saved me some work this

morning. But the mental health issue does very strongly relate to my next area and that

is the area of education. And that is of course one of the... and I know that you know it,

and I know that you’re tackling it and that is the area of academic pressure and stress on

long school hours and it’s not that you’re not trying to do things because it’s very clear

that the government understands and wants to change this particularly with Curriculum

2019 but what children are telling us is that school life is not changing and that lots of

schools are not actually complying. So there is one issue around enforcement that we

need to know how to make sure that schools do it. And the government gave me... a

really significant and thoughtful answer because of course it’s not just enforcement, it’s

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 about a culture and society and parents’ expectations, that parents want this and how do

you turn that around. And I think I encourage you in your efforts to try to change that,

to show the harm that comes from very long school hours and stress and academic

pressure. So I encourage you to keep that work done. And then really my final issue and

you will know that from our discussion is the issue of protecting children from violence

and abuse in school and having a very strong, wide definition of abuse; it’s not just

physical abuse, it’s not just psychological abuse, it’s also just verbal abuse and I think

our message in the report is that there is no acceptable level of this. It is not acceptable

level, the severity is irrelevant. If it happens at all, it should not and there must be a very

strong message from the government that it is never acceptable for any staff in schools

or sporting facilities to treat children that way. Dignity is the ultimate thing. And then

finally I commend you on your efforts on child rights education; that’s really important.

And I know that you’re teaching it. We don’t know whether children are really

understanding it and what I would encourage you to do there is think it’s not just teaching

children about their rights in the Convention, they must know how to claim those rights

and as Professor Nevena said, it’s really important that they have complaint mechanisms

that they can use that are safe and confidential. And my very last point... My very last

point is that how do you get a really strong child rights education for your children? And

the most effective way of educating children about their rights in school is to respect

their rights in school. That they go to school that is a rights-respecting environment and

that really needs a really good written branch look at everything that schools do, policies

and practices to ensure that they’re rights-respecting. Thank you very much.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Thank you, Dr. Lundy. I’d like to turn to Dr. Nigel Cantwell for his brief presentation

on the issues that he covered under this particular review process.

Nigel Cantwell:

It is indeed new. Thank you very much. Good morning to everybody. And I can only

reiterate what my colleagues have already said in terms of the pleasure and privilege

we’ve had to be working with you all during this past week and to thank you for the

commitment you’ve all shown and for the information and opinions that you’ve

provided us. I have essentially two blocks of issues to raise which are reflected in the

Concluding Observations and the first one relates to alternative care for children. And

it’s... I think it is really important to look at how on the one hand the authorities are

463

effectively moving in the right direction, but at the same time recognizing the validity

of the concerns being expressed by non-governmental organizations and children

themselves who are involved with the alternative care system. So although the

government has not yet developed a fully-fledged strategy tailored to Taiwanese reality

to phase out institutional care for children in other words the placement of children in

large residential facilities, the government has certainly taken a positive step in that

direction by adopting at the beginning of this year a national policy for the alternative

care of children, which in fact I only saw in its detail during this current week. That

policy document contains some laudable thrust and strategic goals including those

directed at preventing family breakdown, which of course is essential trying to ensure

that alternative care is really only used when needed. And that’s avoiding the possible

recourse to alternative care placements in particular placements in residential facilities,

because this is the area of particular concern that we have that comes out in our

Concluding Observations. So indeed we have ongoing concerns. We expressed these

concerns already in 2017 about the preponderance of recourse to residential care for

children and about the implications of the fact that a great majority of residential

facilities are run by private providers. These implications are considerable and range

from quality of care to ability of the state to monitor the operation of the facilities

concerned and the basic one of resources: how are private facilities resourced? Where

do they get their resources from over and above the subsidy that the government

provides? But among other things, this situation of having a large proportion of

residential care in private hands makes it far more difficult to implement an effective

deinstitutionalization program or strategy. Far more difficult than it would be obviously

if facilities were in the hands directly of the state itself. And this constitutes a very real

challenge I think for developing deinstitutionalization strategy and will really require a

great deal of consultation and exchange with the private sector as well as imposing a

certain number of rules upon them. But on the positive side, we are particularly pleased

to note that the government is working to make small group homes a statutory care

setting, which I was surprised I didn’t realize it was not yet a statutory setting. So this is

a very positive move and a very necessary one I think. And it means that small group

homes can be considered when a child is in need of residential care, the small group

homes can be considered first to see if the child is best-suited to that setting and then we

can go and look at the larger facilities. On the other aspect, which I see I’ve already... I

must be extraordinarily bad at time-keeping, the other aspect that I wanted to mention is

the question of identity, the child’s identity. In recent times, throughout a large range of

464

 countries, there has been terrific advocacy on the part of, in particular, on the part of

adoptees, donor-conceived children and children born through surrogacy. Their

advocacy has been brought to an international level in terms of their need to know their

origins and you will see in the concluding observations that we are particularly

concerned about the need to improve the possibilities of those three and other

categories... or children in other situations. We absolutely need to improve access to

information on origins, which already means collection and preservation of data.

Sometimes re-establishing the identity because the identity is being falsified in certain

situations particularly of adoption and the need to guide and support children, young

people or even adults because often this process takes place when the person concerned

is already in adulthood. The need to provide counseling because you don’t know, they

don’t know and we don’t know what information they may find and how they will react

to that information on their origins. I will leave it there. But I do want to note that in the

past five years this identity issue has really been demonstrated to be a fundamental rights

problem. It’s obviously covered in the Convention, but in terms of the attention that it

has received that has been quite restricted so far, but the attention now is so great that

we.... In the past two years, an international NGO was created specifically on this topic,

it’s called Child Identity Protection and I think it will probably be extremely beneficial

both to that organization and to Taiwan. There will be some contact so that the

organization can provide Taiwan with elements of its experience in this. Thank you very

much indeed.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Thank you Dr. Cantwell. And the floor is for Dr. John Tobin to present his issues.

John Tobin:

Thank you. Good morning everyone. Can I start with saying thank you so much for

having us this past week. I haven’t traveled overseas for five years. I have four children

back home, and a wife who wants to know why I was going and this week has assured

me that the efforts have been worthwhile. The contributions you’ve all made from the

government, NGOs and young people has demonstrated to me the value of a general

rights-based approach. You created a unique dialogue, which I’ve not seen elsewhere in

the world, which you should all be very proud of. So a huge thank you for inviting me

and again, I said, a privilege to be a part of this opportunity. Special thanks to Minister

Lin for I see he’s been a champion of children’s rights. He was here last time, he is still

465

here and he is still championing the rights of children as well. Also special mention to

the young people today that took courage and bravery, so you should be very proud of

your efforts and also hear the call of Minister Lin to encourage more children to express

their views across the range of diverse backgrounds. I’ll seek to address four broad

concerns. My first concern is the rights of children with disability. It is very clear to us

that Taiwan treats the rights of children with disability very seriously and significant

measures have been undertaken and there’s a genuine commitment to those rights in the

National Human Rights Action Plan. But more is required. The first is a genuine

commitment to allocate the resources required to ensure that children with a disability

and their families receive adequate resources to ensure their full participation in society.

I would also encourage Taiwan to start to move from what we call a biomedical approach

to disability to a social and rights-based approach. This approach grounds all responses

to the disability in the rights of the individual, identifies structural conditions that often

impede the ability of a child with a disability to participate fully in society. The aim is

to ensure that you have genuine effective inclusive education that all children with

disabilities have access to recreation, leisure, and cultural activities. There is no question

that that is an aim you have. It’s now committing to the process to realize that aim. And

part of that process requires a genuine commitment to develop effective systems to allow

fully participation of children with disabilities in that process. That can be challenging

and will take time, but I have absolutely confidence that you will commit to that process.

My second area concerns sexual health. This was a significant topic of discussion last

time and it remains a significant topic of this conversation and discussion again. It’s very

clear again to us that there is a serious commitment by the Taiwanese government to

ensure that children have access to sex education and information about their

reproductive health. It’s also very clear to us from hearing from NGOs, parents groups

and importantly children that there are still large gaps in that program. So our

recommendation is that perhaps it is now time to review what you have been doing with

you, identifying how you can address those gaps. What we’ve done in recommendations

is to outline what the terms of the references that review might be. This of course is a

choice for you, but I sense is that there’s a genuine commitment to try and achieve

effective education around sexual and reproductive health, but it needs more

consultation and engagement with all others actors to ensure that that model is effective.

We want to see a reduction in sexually transmitted diseases. We want to see a reduction

in teenage pregnancies. We also want to see young people enjoy their right to sexual and

reproductive health, which is a challenge but one that I have full confidence Taiwanese

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 society will embark upon. And importantly, we have to engage children in that process

for it to be effective. The third topic as my colleague Professor Lundy mentioned is

mental health. In some respects, this process has demonstrated that in many ways we

appear redundant because you already know what the issues are. And what this process

has done is provide an avenue for you and the young people to raise it for the government

to take into account. So I applaud the young people for raising their concerns about

mental health because it’s also a serious concern for us as well. And we have

recommendations that are designed to address that concern, and I think it’s a serious

challenge but again if we work collaboratively with the young people, with medical

professionals and with government policymakers, there is every prospect that those

high-suicide rates and all the issues confronting young people, not just suicide but

mental health issues below that in terms of impact will start to be addressed seriously in

the next five years. This is a challenge around the world. We understand it provides

effective physical health services for children but we are struggling sometimes to

understand how to provide effective mental health services for young people. It’s the

same in my own country. So I’d encourage you to work with your young people to work

out what their issues and challenges are and how to address those structural causes that

are contributing to mental health and develop effective measures to address those issues.

And then lastly, the challenge confronting all of us is climate change and the

environment. Many young people expressed their concerns around the impact of climate

change and their concerns about the environment in Taiwan. This is a global movement

led by young people. I would encourage, again, Taiwan to embrace this movement to

support the young people in identifying how they can play an active role in addressing

the impact of the environment on their health and the broader society and of course the

ongoing impact of climate change. So thank you once again, congratulations and I wish

you all the best endeavors in the next five years. I’ve no doubt that you will make

enormous strides as you have done over the past five. Thank you.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. I now give the floor to Jakob Egbert Doek. He seems

to be around here and I give him the floor. I am going to present some brief information

about economic exploitation also commonly known as Child Labor on Juvenile Justice

or Child Justice and Direct Abuse and Sexual Exploitation of Children starting with

Article 32 of the Convention on Economic Exploitation. As I said commonly associated

with child labor but I like to underscore the fact that economic exploitation of children

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is not only the exploitation of working children, but working children are under the

conventions of the ILO and the government of Taiwan decided to set the minimum age

for admission to employment or work at 15. In full compliance with the ILO convention

138 on the minimum age. So indicating that the government of Taiwan is paying

attention and adequate attention to other important relevant treaties for children than the

CRC. That particular ILO Convention allows an exception to that rule of 15 and allows

light work performed by children 13 or 14 years old. The government of Taiwan provides

us this information statistics, in particular on work by children below the age of six,

between six and 11 and 11 and 15. It may be obvious that that particular practice seems

to be not in line with the rules of that particular ILO Convention 138. It’s not very clear

what those children under six, under 11 and 11 and older are doing, actually. There has

been a reverence of the government to TV programs, to entertainment, advertisement,

but it is clear that a recommendation is that the government of Taiwan takes measures

to be in full compliance with ILO 138 that specifies which type of work can be done by

children 13 and 14 years old. Juvenile Justice, an area where the government of Taiwan

has done very good things to make sure that children who are alleged of having

committed an offense are treated in the best possible way and not in the first place under

the Criminal Law. Again, there is an international standard or there is requirement I

would say with between brackets in Article 40 of the Convention on the Rights of the

Child that a government of this state body should set a minimum age for criminal

responsibility meaning that children below that age should not be prosecuted and

sentenced by a juvenile court for committing an offense. That minimum age is 14 in

Taiwan and perfectly in line with the recent recommendation of the Committee on the

Rights of the Child in its General Comment No. 24 on Children’s Rights in the Child

Justice System. So that was issued in September 2019 and the government did not wait

for that particular document because it was said before that. Now, the key question in

the discussion with any countries that ratify the Convention and how are you treating

the children below the age of 14 who commit an offense? Because the idea that children

below the age of 14 don’t commit offenses is of course a serious mistake. So the

government has decided to develop all kinds of protective, child protection approaches

I would call it. When the child under the age 14 is committing an offense, there’s a wide

variety of possibilities that are available and can be pursued in dealing with the children

below the age of 14. There is one particular puzzle and that is that the Juvenile

Delinquency Act creates a category of 12 to 18 and the juvenile court is in a position to

decide on the approach that will be taken in relation to an offense committed by children

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in that age category. The problem here is that it means that 12 and 13year-olds are not

excluded from the possibility of ending up in a correctional facility. And through the

criminal law approach, the recommendation is of course clear, amend the laws such that

children of 12 and 13-year-olds are not going through any particular child justice or if

you want criminal law issues. Then drug abuse, again, a very positive approach of the

government of Taiwan, don’t criminalize drug users. Don’t bring them to court for using

it. And there are all kinds of services that are available for children, youths that are using

drugs. The one puzzle is that in the law Delinquency Act there is the possibility that of

course, the children engage in the production, in the selling and in the transporting of

drugs are under the criminal law and treat it as persons who committed a crime. The one

point I want to make is that the reaction of the system is that those young people, usually

young people, are brought to an imprisonment. The statistics the government provided,

and I like to just acknowledge the fact that the government is very, very informative by

the statistics that they provided, but the statistics tell us that those children are sent to

prison and not to its alternatives like diversion or a fine. So that’s the one point to pay

attention to and the other is that the children that are considered to be drug addicted

children have the possibility to go through the criminal law system—don’t do that. All

young people, children who are drug users should be treated from the perspective of

child protection including the ones that are considered to be addicted. Finally, my last

minutes, as I was told, are minutes that last longer than 60 seconds. Now, on sexual

exploitation and sexual abuse of children. It’s a very important problem and a very

important field of large-scale violation of the rights of children. The government of

Taiwan takes it very seriously and undertakes all kinds of measures to prevent but also

to react to instances of sexual exploitation, sexual abuse. Important is that the

government of Taiwan is in the process of incorporating the Optional Protocol on the

Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. By the way, the current

terminology in that regard is for child pornography in particular, child sexual abusive

and child exploitative, sex exploitative images and we recommend the government to

undertake all necessary measures with a major priority to incorporate the provisions of

the Optional Protocol. There is a very important and very useful, in my view, document

called the Guidelines for the Implementation of the OPSC. And if you look at that

particular document, you will find not only protection, but also recommendations of the

Committee on the Rights of the Child. I give you one and that is on the images... sexual

abuses images that appear online of children and sometimes of non-existing, but

certainly abusive pictures of children. The recommendation in that regard of the

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 government is establish by law the responsibility of ICT （Information and

Communications Technology） companies to block and remove child sexual abusive

materials posted on their servers, and establish the responsibilities of financial institution

to block and refuse financial transactions intended to pay for any of the offenses under

the OPSC. And there are more of those particular, very specific recommendations that I

think the government of Taiwan should consider in terms of whether they want to have

it included in their legislation or in their policy. So dear friends in this room because

we’re all friends when it comes to the implementation of children’s rights. We are all

committed to the implementation of children’s rights to promote the respect in

implementation of children’s rights. And it’s really important that we continue to do that.

There are again, from time to time some reluctance in a full compliance of the rights of

children or trying to reduce the importance or respect to the rights of children or ignore

that particular respect. So we are here and as I said, you are left with a document that’s

a working document for the next five years. We hope to have another review of the third

report of the government of Taiwan on the implementation and the progress that country

made in the implementation of the children’s rights including by following up the

recommendations of the International Review Committee. So thank you very much for

your presence in all those meetings, showing your interest in the implementation and

your commitment to the implementation of children’s rights. So the committee is

confident that our recommendations will play a role in your activities to further pursue

the implementation of children’s rights. All the best. Good luck and take care.

Emcee:

Ladies and gentlemen, let’s give all the committee members another big round of

applause. Alright. Next, for the handover of the report of Concluding Observations to

the ROC Taiwan government, we would like to invite all the members and Minister Lin.

Would you please come to the front of the table, yes. But before that let me apologize,

on behalf of the organizers, to you all for the noises that you’ve been hearing. They told

us the room here is very much well sound-proofed, guess what? Alright. Okay. So please

bear with me. Alright. Okay. For that please take your masks off, yes, for the handover

ceremony. Thank you. Yes. Alright. So Professor Doek, would you please hand the report

of Concluding Observations on behalf of the review committee to Minister Lin Wan-I

on behalf of the ROC Taiwan government. Okay. Let's have a photo together. Alright.

3,2,1. Yes, we’re going to do another photo. Would you please remain on the stage? We

also like to welcome the Deputy Minister of Health and Welfare Lee Li-Feng, and also

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 Director General of Social and Family Affairs Administration Ministry of Health and

Welfare Chien Hui-Jiuan to the stage. Alright. We also have some sign for you, yeah.

Upside down. Okay. 3,2,1. Please look at the cameras in front of you. Yes. 3,2,1. Thank

you so much. Thank you. And you may return to your seat right now. Next, we’re going

to move on to the Q&A. Just to make sure that the Q&A can be conducted in a very

smooth and orderly fashion, can we all agree that we will take questions by rounds?

Yeah, we will take five questions each round. Okay. Please limit the length of your

questions to two minutes and identify yourself before you ask questions. Thank you so

much. Alright. Okay, so do we have questions for now? Yeah, so we have collected five

questions so far. We are going to let them ask questions by turn.

Humanistic Education Foundation:

Currently, in the Civil Code Article 108 parents still have the right to give discipline. In

court proceedings well, in fact it means that the parents still have the right to give

corporal punishment to children. So in past years, we see that parents may use their

hands or belt to whip the children and the court believes that the parents have the right

to give discipline and therefore don’t think parents have violated the law. So my question

to the IRC members is that do you think the right to give discipline in our law should be

abolished? What’s your recommendation? I’m from the Humanistic Education

Foundation.

Emcee:

Thank you. Next.

Taiwan Mothers Shield Alliance for the Protection of Families and Children:

Hello. I’m from the Mothers Shield Alliance. I think earlier the Youth Alliance was very

brave, they spoke up their mind at the beginning of this session. We may not agree with

them totally, but we admire how brave they are and of course, adults need to review

what we do when parents do something wrong, we need to recognize that and respond

to children in a better way and there should be more channels for children to submit

complaints and their opinions. So these are my opinions. And then for me, our alliance

has brought eight children participants to participate in the proceedings in the past week.

One of the children said that in the conference room he thought that this is a huge

congress of complaint, so I think it’s not a very friendly environment to implement CRC.

As a parent, as a mother, we don’t want this to be how children express their opinions.

We hope that the government can do more so that when promoting CRC, we attach

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 importance... to the importance of children understanding CRC and the support given

by parents.

Emcee:

Thank you. Next.

Taiwan Parents Protect Women and Children Association:

Hello. I am from the Women and Children Right Alliance from Taiwan. I want to say

something maybe not regarding the content of Concluding Observations but still I want

to express what I thought because there was very little time for NGOs to say what they

wanted compared to last time. So I want to use this opportunity to tell the government

the following things. Well, first during the session, we discussed anti-discrimination law

where there should be a law as you mentioned that should be created to ban bullying.

Our concern is that the definition for discrimination is pretty vague and we have concern

about the impartial enforcement of law. We think it’s quite questionable. And moral and

ethical education for children has been not improved. That’s another concern of ours. So

we use legislation to ban something, it doesn’t help improve the literacy and education

for children. Second, on gay couple adoption. We want the government to uphold best

interest of child to forbid reverse discrimination which is yet another form of

discrimination. Third, opening up games and competitions for transgender population, I

think on such major issues, the government did a very poor job on coordination. I want

to apologize to children that it seems that I am also complaining and please open up the

discussions.

Emcee:

Question number 4.

Wen Ying-Zuo:

Hello. I am Wen Ying-Zuo. I want to supplement what we did at the beginning of the

session by saying something. I think we all agree that children should have a healthy

and conducive environment. We need to be able to have a positive development to...

environment to develop. Sometimes the government is not able to catch us. Why do I

say that because after one Minister Lin said that if you go to Taipei station where there

are a lot cram schools, one junior high school student jumped off from a building to

commit suicide because of academic pressure again, ironically I think this is not because

the building are too high but too much pressure, too much expectations from the parents

and from the schools so the maybe Ministry of Health and Welfare and Health can

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 respond to our proposals at the beginning of the session.

Emcee:

Thank you. The last question of the first round.

Lin Pei-Jun:

My name is Lin Pei-Jun. I’m an assistant professor in Human Rights. I would like to

take this opportunity to thank you in particular for clarifying and emphasizing many

important children’s rights concepts. Both throughout this week’s constructive dialogue

and in your Concluding Observations today. We know that such concepts can appear

quite abstract on paper and can also be hard to grasp in practice, but really at the core of

implementing the rights of children, I believe your clarifications will be vital for building

a better understanding at how the entire spirit of the CRC can be implemented in Taiwan.

I also wanted to thank you for acknowledging that a lot of effort has been put into those

reviews by our government officials, NGOs and children in particular. It’s been a very

rich and valuable week for me personally and I look forward to meeting you again in

five years. Thank you.

Emcee:

Thank You so much, and now over to Professor Doek and Minister Lin.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

First, the question on corporal punishment, provision in the Civil Code. Dr. Vuckovic is

going to respond to that particular question.

Nevena Vuckovic Sahovic:

Thank you, Mr. Chair. And thank you very much for your question. The answer is, No.

Children... that such provision cannot stay in the law. Actually, it has to be changed and

there must be a provision and this is in our Concluding Observations and that was also

reflected in our dialogue. So in accordance with the General Comments No. 8 and No.

13, there is a clear definition of what is violence and what should never be used against

children no matter where it comes from; family or whether it comes from a teacher or in

a community. So no form of physical, emotional, or other types of violence is allowed

and should never be allowed by law. The fact that we are going to fight that for decades

to come in practice that’s another thing. But at least it should be strictly forbidden by

law. Thank you.

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Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

Regarding some questions raised by children on student’s suicide, yes, according to our

statistics on students commit suicide for several reasons. And the first top reason is

pressure: academic pressure or other kinds of pressure. The second cause is emotional

or relationships. Students are not able to release their emotions and therefore choose this

path. And the third is family conflicts between children and parents. And the fourth is

peer violence or violence on campus or bullying on campus. In some cases, there are

mental issues including depression. These are causes that are shown in the statistics.

Director Shen, the head of the department’s response on suicide was not accurate enough

so the Ministry will ask him to clarify because of he didn’t clarify it enough on that day,

he should do that again in the future as mentioned by IRC members. Ministry of

Education and Ministry of Health and Welfare and Health will continue to implement

the three-tier prevention of students’ suicide and it is also part of the strategies in the

National Human Rights Action Plan regarding right to life. So we the society and the

children should work together to prevent any possible suicides. The IRC members also

mentioned another cause of death, which is traffic accidents. Yes. According to our stats,

among children who are under 18, the number decreases from 1,400 to 1,100 and for

children who are above six years old who died in traffic accidents, we do see more cases

and they are discussed in government meetings. We asked Ministry of Transportation to

improve hardware and software. For younger children yes, they are more likely to be

subject to abuse for example, when they are neglected in the cars, parents forgot to check

the children or the safety seat is not used properly or when children do not wear helmets

and so on are all issues we are aware of. We will input more resources, make more efforts

in decreasing children’s mortality. On diseases, Ministry of Health and Welfare, we

wants to improve medical services for children to prevent and to cure diseases. So that

they can receive the best medical attention and therefore to reduce children’s mortality.

So this is to respond to our children and to let everyone know that the government will

continue to do more.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

My assumption is that there were a couple of observations and concerns expressed, not

specific questions. But I’d like to respond to one observation on the child friendliness of

this kind of meeting for children. It is difficult to make a situation comfortable for all

children present at and interested in what’s happening in that particular meeting, and for

meetings on children’s rights, it should be our concern to make it as comfortable as

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 possible for children so that they know what is happening is relevant for them. That’s

not easy and it will not succeed all the time, but we should try to do that. It’s the same

challenge for the legal procedures. As I told before, if children go to a court that is an

intimidating body, an intimidating building, an intimidating big room with persons in

dresses and with something on their head and they are going to decide, so in terms of

making the situation comfortable for children, that is what we have to keep in mind all

the time and we are in big gathering like this one that is about children and as much as

possible with children and get their involvement as much as possible. In that regard, I

would recommend the government. I forgot to say that next time I also like to meet with

working children below and above the age of 15. I think they should be here as well

because their working conditions are not always up to the level they should be. So I have

to give them a voice in this particular review process.

Emcee:

Alright. So now we are going to take another round of questions. Okay. So can we have

question number 1?

Child Welfare League Foundation:

Good morning. I speak on behalf of the Child Welfare League. I’m also a member of the

Child Rights Group. Thank you for spending the whole week here reading so many

reports, giving us recommendations in the Concluding Observations. Thank you. I think

back to the Child Rights Group at the Executive Yuan, we meet every three months and

at each meeting we can only discuss three items. So we are keen to uphold children’s

rights. Maybe we can have a more efficient way to address all the recommendations.

Secondly, on mental health. Children already said that they made many proposals at the

central and local government levels, but under the pandemic, aside from the mental

health counseling services, I think there should be access to online counseling services.

Of course, we don’t want them to have problems and they have to seek help, but if they

do, I hope there is such online access for them. And also Professor Cantwell talked about

identity and I have a question. In Taiwan, we are now amending the Artificial

Reproduction Act. There used to be a lot of anonymous donors and now if you as a child

conceived by donor’s eggs or sperm, if you want to find out your own origin, you can

only find out information that involves anonymous donors at best. So how can we ensure

these children’s right to know about their origins under those circumstances?

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Emcee:

Thank you, next.

Taiwan Children’s Rights League:

Good morning I have a few observations and questions. First, the international review

this year is similar to last time five years ago so basically... I am a children’s Covenant

Watch member. We represent 36 organizations, but we were given only six minutes when

we presented our ideas so for each individual group, they have three minutes each, but

we have 36 groups. We only have six minutes. There are so many issues we would like

to present to you, I don’t think the parallel report is enough. There should be more

opportunities for us to engage in interactive dialogue. So I wonder in other countries

when you have a chance to talk to NGOs, how much time is allocated for such dialogues?

Road safety traffic accidents. As Professor Lundy mentioned, with Taiwan there have

been less and less babies born each year, but we still have so many children dying from

traffic accidents. However, the road safety committee meets only every six months as a

result, the problems can never be addressed in a timely manner. In South Korea, they

spend a very short time reducing the death of children in traffic accidents by 96% and

children injured in traffic accidents also down by 69% so we have such a low birth rate,

we cannot afford to lose any children in such care accidents anymore.

Emcee:

Thank you. The third question.

Liang Chao-Xun:

I’m a senior student in senior high school. On mental health, I would like to highlight a

few points. For example, throughout the review meeting, we tried to highlight that

teenagers or children commit suicide not because they suddenly have an impulse to do

that therefore, I think at home, at schools, or on children’s social media, you can maybe

identify some clues why they would commit suicide. And very often that hotlines,

helpline these resources are there in a very passive way and I think the government

should do more to destigmatize mental disorders. And in some group therapy sessions,

we also have to highlight the importance of counseling specifically for children. Also,

privacy and the children’s right on the Internet I think still children’s rights are not fully

respected or upheld. And I know that in your Concluding Observations, you talked about

the comprehensive action plan for children’s rights. I would like to know the experience,

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 other countries’ experience, because there are so many groups whose rights must be

upheld. How do we highlight the importance of upholding children’s rights?

Emcee:

Thank you. The fourth question.

Child Attendee:

I would like to talk about the educational resources for children in placement because

for children in emergency placement sometimes they do not have access to education

and also in placement institutions they do not have access to mobile phone so on the one

hand we want to protect children so we put them in placements but when they are in

placements, their right to education is deprived. Also on juvenile justice, right now the

juvenile court deals with children who commit an offense. How about the child who is

a plaintiff in a proceeding? Again, they may face a very unfriendly environment in the

court as well. Of course, for sexual abuse cases, basically the proceedings will proceed

behind closed doors so there would be better protection of privacy, but for other

proceedings involving children as plaintiffs or victims sometimes the privacy of the

children in the courthouse is not properly protected. So two issues. Your advice on how

to ensure children’s right to education and secondly child plaintiffs, how do we make

sure that court is friendly to them?

Emcee:

Thank you. Next.

National Alliance of Presidents of Parents Association:

Good morning. I speak on behalf of the National Alliance of Presidents of Parents

Association Chen Jia-Jia. I want to talk about road safety. I think the death in traffic

accidents is simply too much. In fact, when pregnant women go to the hospital for a

checkup basically, additional information can be provided for the mother to be for

example, safety seat must be installed in the car and also before they leave the hospital

with the newborn baby, the nurse can go down to the first floor accompany the new

parents showing them how to install safety seats in a car. One of our legislators also said

that it’s not common for Taiwan parents to install safety seats in their cars. And

sometimes they don’t know how to use that safely or accurately. Actually, such education

could be provided at the health setting. On traffic to schools, again, according to our

relevant laws, we can have professionals serving as guides on the road to make sure the

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 traffic is smooth so that children can walk safely so we can provide training for these

volunteers for example.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Thank you very much for all those questions and we will go and try to answer those

questions. The first was on the mental health issue- the Child Rights Group of the

executive Yuan. You want to go, Laura? John?

John Tobin:

Yes. Thank you so much. I think the point you make is that your insights demonstrate

the need for this ongoing conversation between government and civil society and parents

and children about what forms of mental health services are effective. So COVID was a

curse for all of us, but one thing it did provide was the ability to promote online services

for health, which was a remarkable achievement and in many aspects that’s often easier

for young people because they can access those services in the comfort of their home,

and particularly around issues concerning mental health, it may increase their privacy.

So what I will be saying is that conversation you are having at the local level and with

the central government needs to then develop appropriate services for children in your

areas which then gets the support from your central government as well. So it’s this

constant conversation between children, medical professionals and service providers

about what can actually allow for children to have access to not just services but

preventative measures which is the point that’s being stressed over and over again. If a

child has taken their life, we acted too late. There are so many signals and signs that are

raised what we have to provide proactive services for young children? So rather than

waiting for something’s wrong, let them know about the availability of services to

encourage them. Sometimes, I’m not sure in Taiwan, but there is a stigma that children

think when they see a psychologist or a psychiatrist. We have to change that stigma. We

have to encourage children to say it’s actually okay and important to seek help when you

need help to avoid situations that lead to really dire outcomes we talked about. So I

would still encourage you that when developing appropriate mental health services, it’s

about recognizing all the possibilities that exist and then working out through trial and

error, through piloting what actually works for your children, in what parts... so being

proactive is really critical. As I said, in my own country, we haven’t done this very well.

We are recognizing the same dilemma and we are now providing specialist health

services for young people to address their mental health concerns with significant

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 budgetary support. You have to have appropriately trained personnel which means

educating the adolescent and psychiatrist and psychologist to provide their services. But

I would agree and now I would encourage you to have that conversation internally about

how to provide those services.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Thank you, John. Dr. Cantwell on identity please.

Nigel Cantwell:

Yes, thank you. In relation to the amendment of the Assisted Reproductive Technologies

Act. It’s clear that in every country where donor-conceived children are present that or

where donor conception method to use they have gone or they began through anonymous

donorship and are gradually moving in most cases towards the very least the provision

of non-identifying information about the donor. In other words, obviously, particularly

I would say on health... the health status of the donor but more and more are moving

towards situations where the donor can be identified not retroactively, but as a condition

of providing gametes to have to disclose their identity, which could be passed on to the

donor-conceived child on request and after checking probably. It depends on the country,

but after checking again with the donor if he or she is in agreement. So there’s no

standard practice and obviously this is not something that was explicitly covered in the

convention because at the time ART （Assisted Reproductive Technologies）was not a

phenomenon if you wish or not a widespread practice, but the tendency is definitely

towards ensuring the best possible access of donor-conceived children to information

about the donors.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Thank you Dr. Cantwell. The next question was a very practical one on the participation

of NGOs, groups of NGOs do receive the same minutes to present their views than

separate NGOs. The policy of the committee on the Rights of the Child is to encourage

the NGOs of a country to present one comprehensive report that covers all the specific

special interests of the NGOs. We don’t want to have 40 reports from NGOs in Italy or

65 in Germany. That’s practically impossible for the CRC committee. You can only

participate in pre-sessional meetings of the committee if you have submitted a piece of

paper or report otherwise you will not be heard. The difference with the practice here is

of course that the NGOs are on the spot actively involved in the review process by being

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 given an opportunity to present their views and to also in Monday morning and in

Monday afternoon a real Q&A process and that is incomparable with the standard

practice of the CRC committee. So this particular country has a level of involvement of

NGOs and children and youth that is incomparable to that practice in Geneva and with

the other countries. So that’s the response to the second question. There is the issue that

a senior student raised. You want to respond to that question?

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

To respond to the Children’s Welfare League Foundation. Meeting before October 31st

decides that the follow up with the Concluding Observation will be at an ad hoc project.

So this project is separated to the routine work of the Executive Yuan Children Rights

Group. It’s not just a one day or two day meeting. We will have conversations with

NGOs, collect their opinions and I myself will convene and host an inter-ministerial

meeting so we will organize multiple sessions to respond to the Concluding

Observations given by the IRC. Second, I want to talk about students in placement

institutions. Is their right to education hampered? The answer is no, because according

to the National Education Act as long as students are within the age bracket, they should

receive education, national education they will receive such education. Maybe some of

them are stigmatized, but we will ask the MOE to do more to forbid that kind of

discrimination or stigma. And you also talked about other things on mental health. I

remember that I asked the MOE to include mental health rest days into sick days. But

instead of using the words sick days, better terms should probably be used. I cannot

remember exactly what the terms are but I asked the MOE to provide such rest days or

leave days. And I asked our Ministries and Agencies to respond to the Concluding

Observations. It was also mentioned that the resources for mental health services are not

enough. We will deal with that. As for juvenile injustice, yes we will ask the Judicial

Yuan to have more discussions. What the student said of course makes sense. And we

read the idea of Barnahus in the Concluding Observations. We can call it a kind of

children’s house. And in 2017, that was a major project promoted by the EU. When

children are witnesses of violence or victims then different professionals who want to

conduct interviews or assessment should go to the children’s house. I think this issue

was talked about in our meeting a couple of days ago. Ministry of Health and Welfare

will discuss whether or not some institutions in Taiwan can transform into children’s

houses, that judges, social workers, medical service providers can go there and that the

environment is friendly and warm. This is the first time we see this observation. It wasn’t

480

 in the Concluding Observations five years ago, but when I saw this last night, I’m very

excited and we will go toward this direction too. Thank you.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Thank You very much Minister. There is one question left on privacy. The rule or the

recommendation is not explicitly in the Convention but the recommendation in the

General Comments on child justice in children’s rights in the child justice system. The

rule is that sessions of a juvenile court where young offenders are tried by the court are

close-door meetings. Family cases are at least in my country behind closed doors. The

one issue is that criminal law requires at least in the European Treaty on Human Rights

and Freedoms, that are public so the rule for the children is an exception and the one

issue that has to be covered is the availability of the sentence that has been issued by the

juvenile court and the rule in my county at least is that is a decision that is where the

name of the child is deleted from the text so that you cannot find the child.

Emcee:

Yes, Mr. Chairman, we’re actually running out of time here. Is it okay that we let the

gentleman in the back who didn’t ask the last question in the previous round?

Corporation Aggregate of the Resurrection Food Bank Holistic Care Association:

Well, I do feel the pressure to ask the last question. On the second day...

Emcee:

So where are you from?

Corporation Aggregate of the Resurrection Food Bank Holistic Care Association:

I am from Corporation Aggregate of the Resurrection Food Bank Holistic Care

Association. Minister Lin, dear IRC members good morning. I saw many government

delegates showing up on the secondary of the review. It means that the government

attaches great importance to it. I hope that they don’t feel that they are required to be

here, because their supervisors asked to be here. I hope that the government will walk

their talk. So Minster Lin, I want to speak on behalf of a child. A child was here and he

wanted to ask for a leave for public affairs in the school and the school doesn’t allow it.

The school asked the child to take a personal business leave. So I think the school needs

to become more aware of CRC. Alright. Talking about child refugees. I want to ask about

whether the government prioritizes children immigration and children refugees? About

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 three million people have escaped from Ukraine due to the war and about 1.4 million

are children. In the future, if there is war in Taiwan since Taiwan is an island, has the

government devised any policies to protect or to place children? Or does the

international CRC or other conventions consider the issue of children refugees

especially in wars?

Emcee:

Thank you.

Lin Wan-I, the Convenor of Executive Yuan’s Child Rights Group:

I think two days ago some children participants pointed out that at the last children rights

group meeting on October 31st, there was a proposal or there was a discussion about

armed-conflict. Is the National Defense Manual in Taiwan eligible, readable, and

understandable for children? And whether we need to start devising supplementary

measures I think a representative from Ministry of National Defense was present

showing that they care about this issue. And a couple of months ago there was a national

meeting on hazard prevention. We discussed that the wars bring the most impact on

vulnerable groups including people with disabilities and the elderly and there are some

policies being discussed. And to respond to you, yes, the government is considering

some supplementary measures.

Jakob Egbert Doek:

Thank you very much Minister for this response which is important given the fact that

indeed at major international issues is to care for refugees particularly children, but also

others and take care of their concerns and try to protect them in the best way possible.

And that is definitely an issue currently in Europe for many countries including my own

country the Netherlands, and it’s really a kind of a situation in which a lot of children

are losing their confidence and uncertain about what will happen in the coming days or

years. So it is an obligation of the international community. Certainly under the

Convention on the Rights of the Child to make sure that we do the best to serve those

children in their very specific situations that are really dramatic from time to time.

Emcee:

Alright. Ladies and gentlemen, apparently there’s a lot of work to be done ahead of us

and we’ll continue to work with young people to further their rights and welfare of the

child. That ends the press conference today. With another big round of applause to all

482

the members of the international committee and all of you who joined onsite or online

for the review meeting this week. Thank you once again. Thank you. We have meal

boxes ready outside. Please help yourself and don’t forget to return the headset. Thank

you very much and we wish you a good day.

483

十、歡送午宴

日期：2022 年 11 月 18 日（星期五）

地點：台北君悅酒店 君寓二

結論性意見發表記者會結束後舉辦歡送午宴，並致贈開幕式合影照片及具

在地人文特色的伴手禮，誠摯感謝委員幾天的辛勞。與會來賓包含國際審

查委員、政府機關代表以及行政院兒童及少年福利與權益推動小組委員。

前排左至右分別為國際審查委員會委員 行政院林政務委員萬億（左一）及衛生福

John Tobin、Nigel Cantwell、Laura 利部|李政務次長麗芬（右一）代表致贈開

Lundy、法務部蔡政務次長碧仲、行政院 幕式合影照片及伴手禮給國際審查委員會

林政務委員萬億、國際審查委員會主席 主席 Jakob Egbert Doek（左二）

Jakob Egbert Doek、衛生福利部李政務次

長 麗 芬 、 國 際 審 查 委 員 會 委 員 Nevena

Vuckovic Sahovic、東吳大學政治學系黃教

授默；後排左至右分別為行政院兒童及少

年福利與權益推動小組委員許子安、江瑜

庭、施惠文、國際審查委員會委員助理

Evie Heard、行政院兒童及少年福利與權

益推動小組委員戴瑀如、陳逸玲、許維

中、梁朝勛、衛生福利部社會及家庭署簡

署長慧娟

484

 餐敘交流

485

附錄、中華民國（臺灣）兒童權利公約第二次國家報告國際審查結論性意

見

壹、前言

1、國際審查委員會（下稱委員會）於 2017 年 11 月 20 日至 22 日審查中華民國

（臺灣）首次國家報告（下稱首次國際審查），並於 2017 年 11 月 24 日提出首

次國家報告的結論性意見（首次結論性意見）。

2、委員會欣見中華民國（臺灣）提交第二次國家報告及對問題清單的書面回應，

進一步加深我們對臺灣兒少權利狀況的瞭解。委員會對能與政府許多部會的高

階代表進行建設性對話表示讚許。委員會也讚賞公民團體的積極參與，特別是

兒少，這對審查過程至關重要。

3、委員會感謝衛生福利部，特別是其 CRC 團隊，為委員會提供實質的後勤協助。

貳、締約國對於首次結論性意見已採取之措施及進展

4、委員會欣見台灣在首次國際審查後為制定及修正相關法律所做的最大努力。委

員會特別肯定以下法律的制定及修正：《自殺防治法》(2019 年)、《兒童及少年

福利與權益保障法》

（2021 年）、

《2022-2024 年國家人權行動計畫》（2022 年）

、

《兒少替代性照顧政策》

（2022 年）。

參、關切重點與建議

5、委員會提醒締約國注意《CRC》保障之所有權利，有其不可分割性及相互依存

性，並強調本結論性意見中所有建議的重要性。委員會謹請中華民國政府（臺

灣）（下稱政府）注意以下必須優先處理的建議範圍：一般執行措施（第 6-14

點）；保護兒少免受暴力侵害（第 31-35 點）；無法在家庭環境中成長的兒少

（第 36-42 點）；身心障礙兒少（第 45 點）；心理健康（第 47 點）；教育（第

53-57 點）

；休息、遊戲及休閒（第 58-59 點）。

一、一般執行措施（第 4 條、第 42 條及第 44 條第 6 項）

立法

6、委員會讚賞政府啟動法規檢視的程序，期使國內法與《CRC》一致。惟部分法

律、法規及其他法案的制定尚未完成法規檢視程序， 仍有差距。委員會建議政

府儘速完成所有法規檢視，並開始討論及審查《兒童及少年福利與權益保障

法》，使其與《CRC》的內容及精神完全一致。

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全面性政策及策略

7、委員會注意到政府努力著手起草兒少國家行動計畫，但對該計畫尚未通過表示

遺憾。委員會建議政府依據聯合國兒童權利委員會第 5 號一般性意見制定及實

施全面性行動計畫，以落實《CRC》，且納入地方政府、公民團體組織、專業

人士、兒少及父母（監護人）的參與。

協調

8、委員會讚賞行政院兒童及少年福利與權益推動小組（下稱院兒權小組）協調政

府部門的努力，但委員會關注院兒權小組的性質及掌理範圍的相關資訊，特別

是其組織的能量及常規的功能。委員會建議充分賦予院兒權小組權力，使其成

為一個人員及資源充足，且能持續協調政府部門的常設政府機關。

資源配置

9、政府已編列大量預算用於社會保護、友善兒少司法、兒少優質輔導服務、與保

護兒少免受暴力及有害做法1侵害。委員會建議政府遵循聯合國兒童權利委員會

第 19 號一般性意見，且持續增加各類攸關兒少權益的預算支出，並評估是類支

出對兒少當中最弱勢群體的影響。

教育訓練

10、委員會欣見政府努力宣導《CRC》

，特別是透過《CRC 教育訓練及成效評核實

施計畫》。然而，委員會關切：這些提高意識的活動並未有效協調，尤其是政

府官員、從事兒少相關工作的專業人員、媒體、父母（監護人）及兒少本

身，仍然對《CRC》認識不足。委員會建議政府與公民團體及媒體合作，並

在兒少參與下，進一步加強其意識培訓方案。

國家監督

11、委員會欣見政府運用兒少權利影響評估機制持續監測的資訊。委員會建議政

府持續評估其法律及相關措施是否符合國際標準。

獨立監督

12、委員會欣見國家人權委員會（NHRC）於 2020 年成立及其為兒少權利的初步

努力。但關切國家人權委員會能否依據聯合國兒童權利委員會第 2 號一般性意

1

有害做法，參閱 CRC 第 18 號一般性意見

487

 見，帶頭全面促進兒少權利，並確實處理兒少權利遭受侵害之案件。委員會

建議政府於國家人權委員會內設立一個人員、預算充足且訓練有素的單位，

全面處理兒少權利問題，或考慮設置獨立的兒少權利機構。委員會建議政府

尋求國際支持，使國家人權委員會能全面發揮保障兒少權利的功能。

國際合作

13、委員會讚賞政府對處於人道主義危機中兒少的國際支持，以及政府對非政府

組織從事國際工作的支持。此外，委員會欣見政府為國際知識及經驗交流以

及與國際專家合作所做的努力。委員會鼓勵政府持續發展是類活動。

近用司法及申訴機制

14、對於兒少在教育、衛生、社會或其他體系中權利遭受侵害之事件， 政府已引

進許多申訴程序，值得贊許。儘管如此，委員會仍然關注兒少會因為各種障

礙而不願通報自身權益遭受侵害的事件，例如對申訴程序缺乏信任、害怕被

識別、對申訴結果的公正性缺乏信心。委員會建議政府持續改進申訴機制，

以確保其對兒少友善、保密及獨立，並提供適當的救濟措施。委員會並建議

兒少可以在所有環境中近用申訴管道，包括教育、衛生、兒少保護及司法體

系。

二、兒少之定義（第 1 條）

15、委員會欣見成年年齡已從 20 歲修改為 18 歲，並調整《民法》男女結婚年齡。

三、一般性原則（第 2 條、第 3 條、第 6 條及第 12 條）

不歧視

16、委員會欣見《2022-2024 年國家人權行動計畫》將重點放在制定綜合性的平等

法。委員會建議政府考慮將年齡（不僅是保護老年人） 列為平等法歧視的具

體理由，並就該法擬訂之草案徵詢兒少意見， 尤其是關於友善兒少的申訴機

制條款。

17、委員會認同政府努力蒐集有關兒少的數據，並按性別、身心障礙程度與類

別、地區及原住民身分進行分類。委員會建議所有政府部門以統一的方式蒐

集及分類數據，並包括不同類別的身心障礙/損傷、被認定為 LGBTI 及低收入

家庭兒少的資訊。

488

 18、委員會讚揚政府不斷努力促進政府及學校的性別平等。委員會建議對執行及

落實層面進行強而有力的監督，以確保該政策在學校得到一致及有效的實

施。

兒少最佳利益

19、委員會認可政府為實施最佳利益原則提供指導及案例研究所做的努力。委員

會建議政府檢視所有相關的資訊及訓練，以確保其符合聯合國兒童權利委員

會第 14 號一般性意見中有關第 3 條第 1 項的全面性指導。

20、委員會關注最佳利益原則在家事事件訴訟程序的適用。委員會建議政府確保

各類家事事件所有程序階段皆須進行兒少最佳利益評估。

生命、生存及發展權

21、鑑於兒少的高死亡率，委員會建議政府考慮是否為所有兒少建立單一且健全

的死因回溯分析機制。

22、委員會認同政府為解決兒少自殺問題做出最大努力，例如制定《自殺防治

法》（2019 年）、《校園學生自我傷害三級預防工作計畫》，以及增加學校輔導

資源之可用性。然而，自殺率持續上升， 且重點是：自殺率上升並非歸因於

兒少個人議題，而是導致心理不健康更廣泛的結構性議題，包括學業壓力、

霸凌及不當對待。委員會強調這些其他兒少權利議題的重要性，應視為減少

兒少自殺人數其整體性策略的一部分。

23、政府已經採取許多措施解決交通事故的死傷問題，包括交通安全教育及建立

校園安全停車區。委員會建議中央政府採取行動，確保地方層級確實執行相

關法規，以及兒少對道路交通及運輸政策制定的實質參與。

尊重兒少意見

24、委員會讚揚政府落實兒少表意權的重大進展，尤其在公共決策方面。為能在

這些成就基礎上再接再厲，委員會建議政府：

(1)對於參與地方及中央政府決策之兒少，持續努力增加其多樣性，特別是鼓勵

年紀較小的兒童參與；

(2)發展一個透明的系統，以蒐集及報告兒少觀點對法律及政策的影響；

(3)確保對父母（監護人）以及在家庭教育及兒少照顧設施中，促進兒少被聽見

的權利；

489

 (4)確保在學校、體育、休閒及其他課後活動中，兒少有安全、保密及有效的機

制提出與他們有關的議題。

四、公民權與自由（第 7 條、第 8 條及第 13 條至第 17 條）

身分

25、委員會關注持續有報告呈現外籍人士（尤其是有關無居留證的移工）在臺灣

產子所面臨身分證件、居留權及（或）基本服務取得等問題，有時亦涉無國

籍議題。委員會重申其 2017 年第 33 點結論性意見，建議政府應採取一切適當

措施處理此類情況，以符合兒少最佳利益及其他權利。

26、委員會體認到兒童及少年收養資訊中心的任務，對於確定或重新確定被收養

者的身分至關重要，敦促政府配置在地化的資源及程序， 確保申請人，特別

是被收養者，在尋求資訊的過程中，接受所有必要及適當的協助與諮詢。

27、有鑑於透過精卵捐贈者受孕出生的兒少，無法獲得出身相關資訊的嚴重負面

後果，委員會敦促政府確保親等關聯紀錄能保存是類資訊，俾能於當事人的

請求下，提供相關資訊並給予適當支持。

28、委員會理解代理孕母在臺灣是非法的，惟強烈建議政府確保任何透過代理孕

母出生的孩子，無論在國內還是國外，如果預期的父母都居住在臺灣，均不

得因其出生狀況而遭受歧視，且享有所有權利， 包括保證其身分確立及維持

的權利（特別是姓名、國籍及家庭關係）。

獲得訊息、表現自由與隱私權

29、委員會欣見政府在《2022-2024 年國家人權行動計畫》中承諾在數位環境下保

護人權，包括兒少權利。委員會亦欣見政府提出《媒體素養教育白皮書》以

及對偏鄉學校數位優先原則的承諾。委員會建議政府在實施有關數位人權的

計畫時：

(1)將聯合國兒童權利委員會第 25 號一般性意見關於數位環境中的兒少權利納入

考量；及

(2)促進有效的兒少參與以符合《CRC》第 12 條。

集會及結社自由

30、委員會關注到政府對兒少加入與組織社團以及參加公共集會能力的擔憂。委

員會建議政府審查所有相關立法，包括《社會團體法》及《集會遊行法》，以

確保其符合《CRC》第 15 條有關兒少自由結社及和平集會的權利。

490

五、保護兒少免受暴力侵害（第 19 條、第 24 條第 3 款、第 28 條第 2 款、第 34 條、

第 37 條（a）項及第 39 條）

虐待與疏忽法律定義

31、委員會肯定政府以法律及解釋文件定義虐待及疏忽之努力。委員會建議參照

聯合國兒童權利委員會第 8 號及第 13 號一般性意見檢視虐待及疏忽的定義。

委員會也建議將之運用在未來行動上，包含數據蒐集及影響評估。

暴力根本原因分析及通報

32、委員會注意到政府對於全面預防暴力的努力，但關注暴力持續發生的現象，

尤其是學校。委員會建議政府持續投入教師、社會工作人員及其他處理兒少

事務專業人員的教育訓練。委員會也建議政府鼓勵更多關於暴力根本原因分

析之研究，以及暴力發生事件被通報的占比。

數位環境下的暴力

33、政府已開始處理性暴力各方面的立法及實際行動，包含數位環境。然而，委

員會關心學校與安置機構兒少性虐待案件增加。委員會建議政府為執行《兒

童及少年性剝削防制條例》發展處理數位環境性暴力的機制，並投入人力與

預算資源，以保護兒少權益。

保護受害及目睹犯罪兒少

34、為發展受害及目睹犯罪兒少之協調系統，政府已建立非常周延的合作機制：

《重大兒童及少年虐待司法早期介入三方合作流程》，然而，委員會關切此機

制的執行及成效。委員會建議針對此機制建立常規的定期評估。委員會建議

政府思考建置 Barnahus（兒童之家），它是個專門晤談受害及目睹犯罪兒少之

機構，並配置適當合格的專業人員處理。

35、政府已經在法律及實務方面為受害及目睹犯罪兒少提供很多復歸社會的措

施，但尚未看到成果。委員會建議政府密切追蹤這些法律及行政措施的成

效，並進行資料分析，確保受害及目睹犯罪兒少能復歸社會。

六、家庭環境與替代性照顧(第 5 條、第 9 條至第 11 條、第 18 條第 1 及 2 項、第 20

條、第 21 條、第 25 條及第 27 條第 4 項)

無法在家庭環境中成長的兒少/替代性照顧

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36、委員會讚賞政府所提出的兒少替代性照顧政策，這份政策中所發現的問題、

解決策略及目標都很重要。委員會格外欣見政策的重點有放在預防替代性照

顧所需要的資源上。委員會建議應特別關注身心障礙兒少的家庭，使其能給

予身心障礙兒少適當的照顧，包括促成及協助這些父母（監護人）的自助團

體，必要時，應提供喘息服務。

37、委員會欣見政府已規劃將團體家庭納入法定的替代性照顧資源，因此，當住

宿式照顧被視為兒少最佳利益時，能優先考量安置在團體家庭的照顧環境，

而非大型的安置機構。委員會建議政府應配置適當的資源以執行這項目標。

38、政府的替代性照顧體系，尚待發展一個全面性去機構化的策略。委員會不僅

關切占了大多數的私立安置機構，同時也注意到，機構評鑑結果顯示有些私

立安置機構需要立即及實質性的改善。因此，委員會強烈建議：

(1)主管機關審核私立安置機構的設立許可時，應考量轄內是否有機構安置的需

求，而且審核條件應更為嚴格；

(2)為預防兒少不必要的安置，可透過有效的把關措施，降低對私立安置機構的

依賴，政府始能獨立且有效地經常及定期監督（聯合國兒童替代性照顧準則

第 128 點），同時應確保機構能及時進行必要之改善。

39、委員會強烈敦促政府應確保私立住宿式照顧設施的品質，包括透過聘用及留

任足夠數量的合格工作人員，且不因機構無法從政府以外的資源獲得適當的

資金而受到影響，並建議應對私立照顧提供者（私立安置機構）的財務狀況

予以深入的審查。

40、委員會從可靠的報告中注意到有相當數量的安置機構對兒少採取不適當的監

視及管教措施，甚至可能過度限制兒少的隱私及日常生活。委員會強烈建議

對此類報告進行調查，主管機關應要求其許可設立的私立安置機構系統性地

遵守聯合國兒童替代照顧準則的相關規定，尤其是第 89、92、94 及 96 點規

定。

41、委員會鼓勵政府對現行的服務成效進行深度的評估，以達到：

(1)確保在家庭式及機構式替代性照顧中的兒少成功回到原生家庭的照顧中；

(2)協助離開安置系統卻無法返家者能轉銜至合適且安全的環境，包括在有督導

及支持的環境下盡可能自立地生活。

42、委員會指出，雖然法院或執行刑後處分的檢察官對刑事案件被告得酌情採取

替代監禁刑罰的措施，但對育有未成年子女者，缺乏量刑指南。委員會敦促

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 政府諮詢司法界代表及其他相關人士（包括兒少在內），制定專門針對此類案

件的量刑指南。這些指南應謹記兒少在這種情況下的權利及最佳利益，建議

法院僅在少數例外情況下判處監禁，以避免兒少與其受刑的父母（監護人）

分離以及可能被安置在替代性照顧的環境中。

收養

43、委員會瞭解，與許多其他國家一樣，國內都不太願意收養身心障礙兒少，因

此許多身心障礙兒少都被國外收養。委員會相信，透過以家庭為基礎的照

顧，使這些兒少能夠留在台灣，才符合他們的權利及最佳利益。委員會建議

政府向收養身心障礙兒少者提供適當的物資、實際及其他形式的持續協助，

包括推動養父母互助支持團體。

44、委員會關切到國內終止收養比率很高。雖然理解部分終止收養案件可用社會

文化因素解釋，但委員會建議政府改進現行措施，並檢視其能減少這類問題

的程度，尤其是選擇、準備、媒合及（或）收養後給予養父母的支持，以及

確保在收養前後都聽取並適當考慮兒少的意見。

七、身心障礙兒少（第 23 條）

45、委員會欣見政府對於《2022-2024 年國家人權行動計畫》的承諾， 確保身心障

礙者（包括兒少）的平等及不歧視。委員會建議行動計畫的執行能與 CRPD

第二次國家報告國際審查的建議，以及聯合國兒童權利委員會第 9 號一般性意

見（2007）身心障礙兒少的權利一致。政府應採取所有必要的適當措施，包

括：

(1)全面檢視相關立法，包括身心障礙者權益保障法與特殊教育法及其相關子

法，以確保貴國的法律能符合身心障礙兒少的權利；

(2)理解如何支持身心障礙兒少在所有環境中都能享有充分可能的社會融合、個

人發展及參與，特別是在教育、替代性照顧、司法系統、休閒及娛樂方面；

(3)對於身心障礙者的理解，應避免侷限在狹義的生理醫學模式，而是優先從社

會及以權利為本的角度加以理解；

(4)建議在較廣泛的身心障礙定義範圍內蒐集有關兒少的分類數據，包括隨著醫

界對神經多樣性日漸增長的認識，蒐集兒少因此所經驗的心理健康障礙數

據；

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 (5)確保身心障礙兒少能獲致有效且有品質的融合教育，無論是在都會區或偏

鄉，都能提供適當的資源及適格的工作人員，以滿足所有身心障礙兒少的多

元需求；

(6)持續提供身心障礙兒少及其家庭與照顧者足夠的支持性資源；

(7)促進身心障礙兒少獲得有意義的遊戲、休閒及娛樂的機會，並發展適合各種

能力兒少的遊戲場；

(8)在執行協助身心障礙兒少的措施時，發展符合《CRC》第 12 條及《CRPD》

第 7 條規定的適當做法，讓身心障礙兒少的聲音能被聽見。

八、基本健康與福利（第 6 條、第 18 條第 3 項、第 24 條、第 26 條、第 27 條第 1 項

至第 3 項及第 33 條）

同意

46、委員會仍然關心，在兒少有能力同意接受醫療的情況下，仍需徵得其父母

（監護人）的同意，例如當兒少尋求墮胎時。委員會建議政府考慮實施聯合

國兒童權利委員會第 12 號一般性意見第 101 點的建議，透過立法確定一個將

醫療同意權轉移給兒少的固定年齡。

心理健康

47、委員會欣見政府不斷努力為兒少提供有目標且適齡的心理健康服務。然而，

委員會仍然關注兒少心理健康問題的發生率，尤其是高自殺率及部分兒少在

心理健康服務方面可近性上的落差。因此，委員會欣見政府在其《2022-2024

年國家人權行動計畫》中承諾加強資源，以因應年輕人的心理健康疾病。委

員會建議在實施本計畫時：

(1)額外配置充足的預算資源，以確保有效提供適當的心理健康服務；

(2)進行研究以解決影響兒少心理健康狀況的結構性問題；及

(3)發展協助有心理健康狀況兒少的實務，並在執行相關協助措施時納入兒少的

觀點，以符合《CRC》第 12 條規定。

肥胖

48、委員會欣見政府為解決兒少肥胖問題而採取的試辦措施。然而，委員會關注

到肥胖率仍然很高，需要採取額外措施。因此，委員會建議政府：

(1)透過鼓勵兒少進行體能活動及健康的飲食選擇，擴大現有措施的實施範圍，

以解決肥胖問題；

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 (2)檢查其他措施，例如食品標籤和廣告規定等，是否也有助於解決兒少肥胖問

題；及

(3)在尋求制定有效的、非污名化的措施解決兒少肥胖問題時，確保兒少有被傾

聽的權利，以符合《CRC》第 12 條規定。

性健康

49、委員會讚賞政府長期致力於為兒少提供有關性健康及生殖健康的有效教育。

然而，許多兒少及非政府組織對該教育的可用性及內容表示關切；性傳染疾

病的發生率仍然很高，在某些情況下還在持續增加；且仍有相當數量的少女

懷孕。

50、委員會重申其 2017 年建議政府對當前的性健康課程進行獨立審查的意見，以

決定是否需要進行任何修改以提高其有效性。所指審查係為確保課綱：

(1)符合聯合國經濟、社會及文化權利委員會第 22 號一般性意見關於少年性健康

與生殖健康的建議，以及聯合國兒童權利委員會關於少年健康與發展的第 4

號一般性意見（GC 4）以及關於少年權利的第 20 號一般性意見（GC 20）；

(2)適齡且具實證基礎；

(3)與兒少共同設計，符合《CRC》第 12 條規定，確保有效保護所有兒少性健康

及生殖健康權，包括 LGBTI 及身心障礙兒少；

(4)提供相關資訊，包括：相互尊重的關係、同意權、以及在兒少從事任何性活

動之前的充權及保護措施；

(5)對於懷孕兒少可使用的支持服務，提供適當資訊；及

(6)考量父母（監護人）的意見，並教育他們有關兒少性健康及生殖健康權的意

義及重要性。

環境、氣候變遷與健康

51、委員會指出，兒少對環境品質及氣候變遷，及其對其健康的潛在負面影響表

示擔憂。因此，委員會欣見政府在其《2022-2024 年國家人權行動計畫》中承

諾處理氣候變遷對人權的影響。委員會也建議政府：

(1)採取特別措施以評估環境及氣候變遷對兒少權利的影響，包括檢視行政院環

境保護署的任務，以確保其有考量到這些影響；

(2)採取步驟以確保在制定因應氣候變遷影響的措施時，兒少能有效參與，以符

合《CRC》第 12 條規定；及

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 (3)以待決的聯合國兒童權利委員會關於兒童權利及氣候變遷的第 26 號一般性意

見為指引，制定此類措施。

LGBTI 兒少

52、委員會欣見政府在其《2022-2024 年國家人權行動計畫》中承諾促進 LGBTI 族

群（包括兒少在內）的平等與不歧視。委員會敦促政府徵詢 LGBTI 兒少意

見，確保他們能夠獲得所有必要與適當的醫療及其他支持服務，使他們能夠

享受《CRC》規定的所有權利。

九、教育休閒與文化活動（第 28 條至第 31 條）

幼兒教育

53、委員會認知到政府付出相當大的努力增加幼兒接受學前教育機會。委員會建

議政府擴大努力，確保兒童接受優質的幼兒教育，特別是確保所有幼兒教育

工作者接受兒童權利方面的訓練，並檢視及降低目前的工作人員與兒童的比

例。

課程綱要

54、委員會讚賞政府實現課程多樣化的目標，包括引入《108 課綱》（以下簡稱新

課綱）。委員會關切的是，兒少報告提到許多學校繼續在狹隘的科目範圍內優

先考慮學業成績，且不全然遵守新課綱的要求。委員會建議：

(1)政府檢視其監督及查核新課綱實施狀況的系統，特別是確保蒐集及處理兒少

對新課綱的體驗與看法；及

(2)研究有關國家考試對兒少享有《CRC》第 29 條及聯合國兒童權利委員會第 1

號一般性意見教育權利的影響，且這項研究應有兒少參與其中。

人權教育

55、委員會欣見政府目前為確保所有兒少在學校認識人權所做的努力。委員會建

議這些努力要特別聚焦在兒少權利上，讓兒少能將這些權利運用在他們的日

常生活，同時檢視學校的政策及措施，確保其符合兒少權利。

學校與課外活動中的身體、情緒及心理虐待

56、委員會認知到政府已將霸凌的定義擴及包括教師霸凌學生。然而， 委員會深

感關切：兒少仍然持續報告他們在學校與課後活動中遭受身體、情緒及心理

虐待， 包括言語虐待。 現有制度不符合《CRC》，其中教師的懲處與個別兒少

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 受到影響的嚴重程度關連，並且需要兒少及其家人自行舉證。委員會強烈敦

促政府將其替換為提供明確指導的法規，指出何為構成暴力、殘忍及有辱人

格的待遇，並符合聯合國兒童權利委員會第 8 號與第 13 號一般性意見中之定

義。從事兒少工作的教師與其他人如有是類行為，無論對個別兒少的後果為

何，都應受到懲處，並在適當情況下受到刑事起訴。

學校服儀規定

57、委員會注意到兒少對學校服儀規定的擔憂。委員會建議，法律應要求學校徵

詢兒少意見，並確保服儀規定及其實施是無歧視性的，並符合他們享有之所

有兒少權利。

休息、遊戲、休閒權

58、委員會對於兒少缺乏休息、遊戲及休閒活動的時間仍然深感關切， 這是由於

兒少長時間在學校及課後教育中度過。委員會建議：

(1)上學時間的規定應強制執行並受監督；

(2)政府應考慮針對所謂的「補習班」，規範其上課時間與教學方法； 及

(3)持續努力告知父母（監護人），當休息與遊戲的時間有限時，會對孩子的發育

及健康產生負面影響。

59、為確保兒少享有遊戲與休閒的權利，且能安全地進行，委員會建議引進立

法，要求中央及地方政府確保兒少遊戲與休閒的權利得到解決，並在城鄉發

展政策及規劃過程中徵求兒少意見。

文化與原住民兒少

60、委員會承認政府付出相當大的努力促進原住民兒少的文化權，及其說母語的

機會。委員會建議政府與原住民兒少互動，納入他們的觀點，以有效支持原

住民兒少享有他們的文化。

十、特別保護措施（第 22 條、第 30 條、第 32 條、第 33 條、第 35 條至第 36 條、第

37 條(b)至(d)項，及第 38 條至第 40 條）

難民與尋求庇護者

61、考慮到臺灣特殊情形，以及缺乏對於難民與尋求庇護者支持的共識，難以成

功通過難民法，儘管如此，委員會仍關心被以個案處理的是類兒少情形。因

此委員會鼓勵政府積極嘗試建立對待這些個案的具體規則，並符合國際協議

與程序標準。

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經濟剝削

62、委員會讚賞童工最低年齡符合《國際勞工組織第 138 號公約》。然而，委員會

關注到有一些未滿 6 歲、6 歲至 11 歲、6 歲至 15 歲兒少有從事工作，且不清

楚現行 15 歲以上童工的勞動標準是否適用這些未滿 15 歲卻在工作的兒少。地

方主管機關目前實務上係依據《勞動基準法第四十五條無礙身心健康認定基

準及審查辦法》辦理。但委員會建議政府採取必要措施，確保未滿 15 歲兒少

從事工作完全符合《國際勞工組織第 138 號公約》

。

藥物濫用

63、委員會欣見兒少使用毒品不被視為違法者對待，而是視為曝險兒少，並且提

供適當指引與協助。然而，因處理施用毒品兒少的少年法庭可以決定採行保

護或少年司法措施，可能會使少年進入矯正機關接受感化教育。委員會建議

對所有施用毒品的兒少皆採行保護措施，包含被認為藥物成癮的兒少。

64、製造、販賣或運輸非法毒品的兒少被起訴，如果罪名成立，最高可判處 4 年

有期徒刑。委員會建議政府採取一切適當措施，包括在必要時修法，以確保

對於從事製造、販賣或運輸非法毒品的兒少，改以罰金刑及轉向處遇等替代

處分，剝奪自由應為最後手段。

觸法兒少

65、委員會欣見政府依據首次結論性意見修正《少年事件處理法》，意指廢除少年

虞犯（身分罪），且未滿 12 歲兒童犯罪不會被起訴。依據《少年事件處理

法》，未滿 18 歲少年觸法行為得以少年保護事件或少年刑事案件處理。然而，

委員會關切的是，這可能意指依據《少年事件處理法》判刑的 12 歲或 13 歲兒

少會被收容在少年觀護所。委員會建議政府修正《少年事件處理法》，確保不

起訴未滿 14 歲的兒少。

66、委員會注意到政府機關在會議過程中所提供的資訊，對於父母(監護人)探視矯

正機關的兒少是沒有任何限制的。然而，委員會關切的是，這些機關自己設

置的規定，可能導致家人探視的限制或歧視。關於家人探視兒少與透過電話

及(或)社群媒體（social media）連絡的政策，委員會鼓勵政府提供矯正機關一

套相關規定。對於入監服刑的少年也應有類似規定。

67、委員會建議，收容兒少使其與父母(監護人)分離均能採取《CRC》第 25 條的

定期評估，特別注意兒少與父母(監護人)團聚的可能性。

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修復式司法

68、《少年事件處理法》提供少年法庭為兒少尋求外部組織提供修復式司法的可能

性。委員會鼓勵政府儘快實施，成為少年法庭選項之一，並使修復式司法能

整合為兒少司法的一部分。

買賣兒童、性剝削及性虐待兒童

69、委員會注意到，政府採取措施處理網路散播性虐待影像問題的過程中，已融

入 OPSC 任擇議定書及 CRC 對兒童賣淫及色情相關規定。委員會建議政府制

定一個綜合性的政策，包括《CRC》一般性原則的執行，以防止對兒少的買

賣及性剝削，該政策應符合聯合國兒童權利委員會在其 OPSC 實施指南中提

出的所有建議。

十一、公約任擇議定書的通過及採納

關 於 買 賣 兒 童 、 兒 童 賣 淫 及 兒 童 色 情 問 題 之 任 擇 議 定 書 (OPSC) 及 關 於

兒童捲入武裝衝突之任擇議定書 (OPAC)

70、委員會注意到政府已努力將 OPSC 融入現行相關法令及措施。然而，委員會建

議政府對所有法規進行檢視，以確保完全遵守 OPSC 及 OPAC 規定的義務。

肆、執行及報告

一、追蹤

71、委員會建議政府採取一切適當措施，確保結論性意見完全落實，並向兒少，

包括不利處境兒少都能廣泛宣傳。並建議以國家語言廣泛宣傳第二次定期報

告、問題清單的答復及本結論性意見。

72、委員會肯定第二次報告能及時提交，並且在整個審查過程中採取的透明及參

與方式。委員會鼓勵政府繼續與公民團體，特別是兒少接觸，並承諾進行持

續的定期審查。

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 Concluding observations on the second report

ofthe Republic of China (Taiwan)

I. Introduction

1. The International Review Committee (‘the Committee’) considered the initial report of

the Republic of China (Taiwan) at its 1st meeting, held between 20 and 22 November

2017, and adopted the present concluding observations at its 1st meeting, held on 24

November 2017.

2. The International Review Committee welcomes the submission of the second report of

the Republic of China (Taiwan) and the written replies to the list of issues, which

furthered our understanding of the situation of children’s rights in Taiwan. The

Committee expresses its appreciation for the constructive dialogue held with the high-

level and multisectoral delegation of the Government. The Committee expresses its

appreciation to the active participation of civil society, and particularly children, which

was essential to the review process.

3. The International Review Committee expresses its appreciation to the Ministry of

Health and Welfare, and particularly to its CRC Team, for providing the Committee

with substantive and logistical support.

II. Follow-up measures taken and progress achieved by the State party

4. The International Review Committee welcomes Taiwan’s considerable efforts to adopt

and amend legislation following the previous review. In particular, the Committee

highlights the adoption or amendments of the following: The Suicide Prevention Act

(2019), The Protection of Children and Youths Welfare and Rights Act (2021), Human

Rights Action Plan 2022-2024 (2022), the Policy for the Alternative Care of Children

(2022).

III. Main areas of concern and recommendations

5. The International Review Committee reminds the State party of the indivisibility and

interdependence of all the rights enshrined in the Convention and emphasizes the

importance of all the recommendations contained in the present concluding

observations. The International Review Committee would like to draw of the

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 Government of the Republic of China (Taiwan) (‘the Government’) attention to the

recommendations concerning the following areas, in respect of which urgent measures

must be taken: general measures of implementation (para. 6-14); violence against

children (para. 31-35); children deprived of a family environment (para. 36-42);

children with disabilities (para. 45); mental health (para. 47); education (para. 53-57);

and rest, play and leisure (para.58-59).

A. General measures of implementation (arts. 4, 42 and 44 (6))

Legislation

6. The International Review Committee notes with appreciation that the Government

initiated a process of legislative review, with a view to harmonizing domestic law with

the CRC. Since gaps were identified in a number of laws, regulations and other legal

acts, but the process is not finalized. The International Review Committee

recommends that the Government expedites finalization of the legislative review

and starts discussion on reviewing The Protection of Children and Youths Welfare

and Rights Act, to fully harmonise it with the contents and spirit of the CRC.

Comprehensive policy and strategy

7. Taking note of the Government’s efforts to initiate drafting of the national plan of action

for children, but the International Review Committee regrets that such plan has not yet

been adopted. The Committee recommends that the Government develops and

implements a comprehensive plan of action for the implementation of the CRC,

based on the CRC Committee’s General Comment no. 5, with the involvement of

regional and local authorities, civil society organisations, relevant professionals,

children, and parents/ guardians.

Coordination

8. While the International Review Committee appreciates efforts of the Child Rights

Group to coordinate activities through Government departments, the Committee is

concerned with information on the nature and outreach of the Child Rights Group,

especially regarding its institutional capacities and regular function. The Committee

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 recommends that the Child Rights Group is empowered fully so that it can be a

permanent Government body that is well staffed, adequately resourced and

continuously operating to coordinate activities throughout the Government.

Allocation of resources

9. The Government has allocated substantial budgets to social protection, child friendly

justice, the child’s access to good quality counselling services and child protection from

violence and harmful practices. The Committee recommends that the Government

follows the guidance made by the CRC Committee’s General Comment no. 19,

and continues to increase respective budget allocations, while assessing the

impacts of such allocations for the most vulnerable groups of children.

Training and Education

10. The International Review Committee welcomes the Government’s efforts to

disseminate the CRC, notably through the “CRC education, training and effectiveness

training program”. The Committee is however concerned that those awareness-raising

activities are not effectively coordinated and that knowledge of the CRC, especially

among government officials and professionals working with and for children, the

media, parents/ guardians and children themselves, still remains limited. The

Committee recommends that the Government, in cooperation with civil society

and the media and with the participation of children, further strengthens its

awareness training programmes.

State Monitoring

11. The International Review Committee welcomes information on the adoption of on-

going monitoring through children’s rights impact assessments. The Committee

recommends that the Government continue assessment of compliance of its laws

and practices with international standards.

Independent Monitoring

12. The International Review Committee welcomes establishment of the National Human

Rights Commission (‘NHRC’) in 2020 and its initial work on child rights. However,

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 there is a concern over capacity of the NHRC to take the lead in the overall promotion

of the rights of the child and to fully address cases of violation of the rights, in line

with the CRC Committee’s General Comment no. 2. The Committee recommends

that the Government enables a well-staffed, well budgeted and well-trained unit

within the NHRC that will deal fully with the rights of the child or considers

establishment of separate independent institution for the rights of the child. The

Committee suggests that the Government seeks international support to enable

full functioning of an NHRC for children.

International Cooperation

13. The International Review Committee notes with appreciation the Government’s

international support to children in humanitarian crises, as well as the Government’s

support to NGOs that engage in international work. Additionally, the Committee

welcomes the efforts made towards international exchange of knowledge and

experience, and cooperation with international experts. The Committee encourages

the Government to continue and develop such activities.

Access to Justice and Complaints Mechanisms

14. The Government has introduced a commendable number of complaints procedures for

children who believe their rights have been violated within the education, health, social

or other systems. The International Review Committee is nonetheless concerned with

children’s reluctance to report violations due to different barriers such as lack of trust

in the complaint procedures, fear of being identified, lack of confidence in a just

outcome. The Committee recommends that the Government continues to improve

complaint mechanisms to ensure that they are child-friendly, confidential, and

independent, with appropriate remedies. The Committee also recommends that

children have access to complaint mechanisms in all settings including education,

health, child protection, and the justice system.

B. Definition of the child (art. 1)

15. The Committee welcomes the amendment of the age of majority from 20 years old to

503

 18 years old and the alignment of the age of marriage between men and women in the

Civil Code.

C. General principles (arts. 2–3, 6 and 12)

Non-discrimination

16. The International Review Committee welcomes the focus of the National Human

Rights Action Plan on establishing a Comprehensive Equality Law. The Committee

recommends that the Government consider including age (not just protection of

the elderly) as a specific ground of discrimination and consult children on any

proposed legislation, including in particular provision for a child-friendly

complaint mechanism.

17. The International Review Committee recognises the efforts of the Government to

collect data about children and to disaggregate this by sex, severity and forms of

disability, location and whether a child is indigenous. The Committee recommends

that data is collected and disaggregated in a uniform way across all Government

departments and to include information on different forms of disability/

impairment, children who identify as LGBTI and children from low-income

families.

18. The International Review Committee commends the Government in its ongoing efforts

to promote gender equality across Government and in schools. The Committee

recommends that practice is monitored robustly to ensure that the policy is being

implemented uniformly and effectively in schools.

Best interests of the child

19. The International Review Committee acknowledges the efforts of the Government to

provide guidance and case studies on the implementation of the best interests principle.

The Committee recommends that all information and training is reviewed to

ensure that it complies with the comprehensive guidance on Article 3(1) provided

by the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child in General Comment no. 14.

20. The International Review Committee is concerned about the application of the best

interests principle in family law proceedings. The Committee recommends that the

504

 Government ensures that in those proceedings that the assessment of the child’s

best interests is a mandatory and integral part of the process.

Right to life, survival and development

21. Given the high death rate of children, the International Review Committee

recommends that the Government consider whether to introduce a single, robust

child death review process for all children.

22. The International Review Committee acknowledges the considerable efforts of the

Government to address the level of child suicide, such as the introduction of the Suicide

Prevention Act (2019), the Three Level Student Self-Harm Prevention Work Plan, and

increasing the availability of counselling in school. However, suicide rates continue to

increase, and it is important that these increases are not attributed to personal factors

affecting the individual child but the wider structural issues that lead to poor mental

health including academic stress, bullying and maltreatment. The Committee

emphasises the importance of addressing these other children’s rights issues as part

of any overall strategy for reducing the number of child suicides.

23. There have been many initiatives to address the issue of death and injury in traffic

accidents, including road safety education and the development of safe parking zones

at schools. The International Review Committee recommends that central

Government takes action to ensure that these regulations are implemented at a

local level and that children are involved meaningfully in developing road traffic

and transport policy.

Respect for the views of the child

24. The International Review Committee commends the Government on the very

significant progress made in implementing the child’s right to be heard particularly in

public decision-making. With a view to building on these achievements, the

Committee recommends that the Government:

(a) Continues in its efforts to increase the diversity of children involved in local

and central Government, including in particular encouraging the involvement

of younger children;

505

 (b) Develops a transparent system for capturing and reporting on the impact of

children’s views on law and policy;

(c) Ensures that the child’s right to be heard is promoted among parents/

guardians, in family education and child-care facilities; and

(d) Ensures that children have a safe, confidential and effective mechanism for

raising issues that concern them in schools, and sports and leisure and other

after-school activities.

D. Civil rights and freedoms (arts. 7–8 and 13–17)

Identity

25. The International Review Committee is concerned about continuing reports of

problems facing children born in Taiwan to foreigners, especially undocumented

migrants, in relation to acquisition of identity documents, residency rights and/or

access to basic services, and sometimes involving statelessness. The Committee

reiterates its recommendation (2017 Concluding Observations para. 33) that the

Government take all appropriate measures to address such situations consistent

with the best interests and other rights of the child.

26. The International Review Committee, recognising the vital importance of the

mandate of the Child and Juvenile Adoption Information Centre for establishing

or re- establishing the identity of adoptees, urges the Government to put in place

resources and procedures to ensure that applicants, particularly adoptees, seeking

information receive all necessary and appropriate assistance and counselling

during the search process.

27. Given the severe negative consequences for donor-conceived children of being

denied access to information on their origins, the International Review Committee

urges the Government to ensure that such information held by the Kinsfolk

Relation Records can be made available to them on request and with appropriate

support.

28. Recognising that surrogacy is illegal in Taiwan, the International Review

Committee strongly recommends that the Government ensures that any child

born through surrogacy, either in the country or abroad, with intending parents

506

 in Taiwan, benefits from all rights without discrimination on the basis of birth

status, including rights guaranteeing the establishment and preservation of

identity (notably name, nationality and family relations).

Access to Information, Freedom of Expression, Right to Privacy

29. The International Review Committee welcomes the Government’s commitment in the

National Human Rights Action Plan 2022-2024 to protect human rights including

children’s rights in the context of digital environments. The Committee also welcomes

the proposed new white paper on media literacy education and the commitment to the

principle of digital priority for rural schools. The Committee recommends that when

implementing its plans with respect to digital human rights, the Government:

(a) takes into account the CRC Committee’s General Comment no. 25 on

Children’s Rights in the Digital Environment; and

(b) facilitates the effective participation of children and young people consistent

with article 12 of the CRC.

Freedom of Association and Assembly

30. The International Review Committee notes concerns about the ability of children to

join and form associations and participate in public assemblies. The Committee

recommends that the Government review all relevant legislation including the

Social Association Act and Assembly and Parade Act to ensure they are consistent

with children’s right to freedom of association and peaceful assembly under

article 15 of the Convention.

E. Violence against children (arts. 19, 24 (3), 28 (2), 34, 37 (a) and 39)

Definition of Abuse and Neglect

31. The International Review Committee commends the Government for efforts to define

abuse and neglect in the national legislation and in interpretive documents. The

Committee recommends that the definitions are reviewed to be consistent with the

CRC Committee’s General Comments no. 8 and no. 13. The Committee also

recommends that the definitions are used for further activities, including for data

collection and impact assessment.

507

Root Causes of Violence and Reporting

32. Noting the efforts that Government has put into the prevention of violence in all

settings, the International Review Committee is concerned with the persisting

occurrence of violence, particularly in schools. The Committee recommends that the

Government continues to invest into the training and education of teachers, social

workers and other professionals dealing with children. The Committee also

recommends that the Government encourages more research into the root causes

of violence, as well as research into the ratio between occurrences and reporting.

Violence in the Digital Environment

33. The Government has undertaken legislative and practical activities to address sexual

violence in all settings, including in the digital environment. However, the International

Review Committee is concerned with the actual increase in cases of sexual abuse of

children in schools and placement institutions. With regards to sexual violence in the

digital environment, the Committee recommends that the Government develops

mechanisms for implementation of the Child and Youth Exploitation Act, with a

view to investing human and financial resources in the protection of the rights of

children.

Safeguards for Children Victims and Witnesses of Crime

34. In order to develop a system of coordination in cases involving children as victims or

witnesses of crimes, the Government developed a very elaborate cooperation

mechanism: “Severe Child Abuse Case Judicial Early ~Intervention Tripartite

Collaboration Procedure”. However, the International Review Committee is concerned

about the implementation and effectiveness of this mechanism. The Committee

recommends that regular assessments are undertaken in that regard. The

Committee suggests that the Government considers the establishment of a

Barnahus (‘child-house’), an institution in which a victim or witness is interviewed

and appropriately treated by suitably qualified professionals.

35. The Government has done a lot in providing legal and practical frameworks for the

recovery and reintegration of child victims or witnesses, but we have not yet seen the

508

 results of such measures. The International Review Committee recommends that

Government follows closely and analyses data on the results of legal and

administrative measures to enable recovery and reintegration of child victim or

witness of crime.

F. Family environment and alternative care (arts. 5, 9–11, 18 (1)–(2), 20–21, 25 and

27 (4))

Children deprived of a family environment / Alternative Care

36. The International Review Committee acknowledges with appreciation the publication

of the “Policy for the Alternative Care of Children in Taiwan” and notes its findings

and strategic goals. The Committee particularly welcomes the emphasis placed on

preventing the need for recourse to alternative care. The Committee recommends

that special attention be paid to enabling families to care for children with

disabilities, including through promoting and facilitating self-help groups of these

parents/ guardians and, where necessary, providing for respite care arrangements.

37. The International Review Committee welcomes the initiative of the Government to

designate small group homes as a statutory form of alternative care and thence, when

residential care is deemed to be in the best interests of the child, to prioritise

consideration of a placement in that care setting rather than in a larger facility. The

Committee recommends that the Government allocates adequate resources to

implement this objective.

38. Pending the development of a comprehensive strategy for deinstitutionalizing the

alternative care system, the International Review Committee notes with concern that,

not only are the majority of residential care facilities are run by private providers. The

Committee is also concerned about the outcome of inspections, which show that it is

only certain privately-run facilities that have been evaluated as requiring urgent and

substantial improvement. The Committee strongly recommends that:

(a) initial licensing of private facilities is aligned to need and subject to more

stringent conditions; and

(b) through effective gatekeeping and other measures, reliance on the private

509

 sector provision for alternative care be reduced to a level that can be

independently and effectively monitored on a frequent and regular basis (UN

Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children, para. 128), with special

attention to ensuring that required improvements are made in a timely fashion.

39. The International Review Committee strongly urges the Government to ensure

that the quality of care in private residential facilities, including through the

recruitment and retention of adequate numbers of qualified staff, is not

compromised by a facility’s inability to secure appropriate funding from non-

State sources, and recommends that the financing of private care provision be

subject to in-depth examination.

40.The International Review Committee notes with concern credible reports that a

significant number of residential care facilities impose inappropriate surveillance and

disciplinary measures, as well as potentially unduly restrictive conditions on privacy

and everyday life. The Committee strongly recommends that such reports be

investigated and that licensed residential care facilities be systematically obliged

to respect relevant provisions in the UN Guidelines for the Alternative Care of

Children in particular paras 89, 92, 94 and 96 in this regard.

41. The International Review Committee encourages the Government to carry out an

in-depth evaluation of the outcomes of current service provision for:

(a) Securing the successful return of children from family-based and residential

alternative care to the care of their family; and

(b) Enabling care-leavers who are unable to return to their family to transition to

a suitable and safe setting, including semi-independent living (supervised or

supported) where appropriate.

42. The International Review Committee notes that, while alternatives to custodial

sentences exist for persons in conflict with the law, either at the discretion of the court

or (post-sentencing) of the prosecutor, there are no sentencing guidelines for courts

dealing with parents/ guardians of children. The Committee urges the Government

to draw up, in consultation with representatives of the judiciary and other

relevant actors, including children, sentencing guidelines specifically for such

cases. These guidelines should bear in mind the rights and best interests of

510

 children in such situations by recommending that courts impose custodial

sentences only in exceptional instances to avoid separation of children from their

parents/ guardians as well as potential placement in an alternative care setting.

Adoption

43. The International Review Committee acknowledges that, in common with many other

countries, there is often a reluctance to adopt children with disabilities, with the result

that many such children are adopted abroad. The Committee is convinced that the

rights and best interests of those children would generally be better met through

family-based care enabling them to remain in Taiwan. The Committee

recommends that the Government provides appropriate material, practical and

other forms of ongoing assistance to adopters of children with disabilities,

including the promotion of support groups for these adoptive parents.

44. The International Review Committee notes with concern the significant rate of

breakdown of domestic adoption arrangements. While understanding that socio-

cultural factors may explain some breakdowns, the Committee suggests that the

Government examine the extent to which this problem might be mitigated by

improvements in current measures for, inter alia, the selection, preparation,

matching and/or post- adoption support of adoptive parents, as well as for

ensuring that the opinion of the child is heard and duly considered both before

and following the adoption.

G. Children with disabilities (art. 23)

45. The International Review Committee welcomes the Government’s commitment in the

National Human Rights Action Plan 2022-2024 to ensure equality and non-

discrimination for persons with a disability including children. The Committee

recommends that the implementation of this plan is consistent with the

recommendations of the Review Committee for the Convention on the Rights of

Persons with a Disability in 2022 and the CRC Committee’s General Comment

no. 9 (2007) on the Rights of Children with a Disability and that the Government

take all necessary appropriate steps to:

511

 (a) Review all relevant legislation including the People with Disabilities Protection

Act, Special Education Act and relevant sub laws to ensure the laws in Taiwan

are consistent with the rights of children with a disability;

(b) Develop an understanding of how children with disabilities can be supported

to enjoy the fullest possible social integration and individual development and

participation in all settings, particularly in education, alternative care, the

justice system, leisure and recreation;

(c) Move beyond the narrow biomedical model of disability in preference for the

social and rights-based understanding of disability;

(d) Collect disaggregated data on children under this broader definition of

disability including data on the mental health disabilities experienced by

children which reflects the growing understanding of neurodiversity;

(e) Ensure access to effective and quality inclusive education for children with a

disability living in both urban and rural areas by providing adequate

resources and appropriately qualified staff to address the diverse needs of all

children with disabilities;

(f) Continue to provide appropriate support services for children with disabilities,

their families and/ or caregivers;

(g) Facilitate access to meaningful play, leisure and recreation opportunities for

children with a disability and to develop ‘all abilities’ playgrounds; and

(h) Develop appropriate practices to enable children with a disability are heard

in the implementation of measures to assist them consistent with art. 12 of the

CRC and art. 7 of the Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities.

H. Basic health and welfare (arts. 6, 18 (3), 24, 26, 27 (1)–(3) and 33)

Consent

46. The International Review Committee remains concerned that a child may still have to

obtain the consent of their parents/ guardians in circumstances, when a child has the

capacity to consent to medical treatment including, for example, when a child is

seeking an abortion. The Committee recommends that the Government consider

implementation of the CRC Committee recommendation in General Comment no.

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 12, including para. 101 that states adopt legislation which provides for a fixed age

at which the right to consent is transferred to the child.

Mental health

47. The International Review Committee welcomes the ongoing efforts of the Government

to provide targeted and age-appropriate mental health services for children. However,

the Committee remains concerned at the incidence of children experiencing problems

with their mental health, especially the high suicide rate and the gaps experienced by

some children in accessing mental health services. The Committee therefore welcomes

the commitment of the Government in its National Human Rights Plan 2022-2024 to

strengthen resources for dealing with mental health illness among young people. The

Committee recommends that when implementing this plan:

(a) Sufficient additional budgetary resources are allocated to ensure the effective

provision of appropriate mental health services;

(b) Research is undertaken to address the structural issues that contribute to

children’s mental health conditions; and

(c) Practices are developed to enable children with a mental health condition to

have their views taken into account in the implementation of measures to assist

them consistent with Art. 12 of the Convention.

Obesity

48. The International Review Committee welcomes the pilot initiatives undertaken by the

Government to address obesity among children. The Committee notes with concern

however that the rate of obesity is still high and additional measures are required. The

Committee therefore recommends that the Government:

(a) Expand the implementation of existing measures to address obesity by

encouraging physical activity and healthy eating choices among children;

(b) Examine whether other measures such as food labelling and the regulation of

advertising could also assist in addressing obesity among children; and

(c) Ensure that children have the right to be heard consistent with Art 12 of the

Convention when seeking to develop effective, non-stigmatising measures to

address childhood obesity.

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Sexual Health

49. The International Review Committee appreciates that the Government has a long-

standing commitment to deliver effective education to children regarding their sexual

and reproductive health. It notes however that many children and NGOs expressed their

concerns with respect to the availability and content of this education; that the

incidence of sexually transmitted diseases remains high and in some cases is increasing;

while there is still a significant number of teenage pregnancies.

50. The International Review Committee reiterates its recommendation from the

2017 Review that the Government undertakes an independent review of the

current sexual health curriculum to determine whether any amendments are

required to improve its effectiveness. This terms of reference to this review would

be to ensure that the curriculum:

(a) Is consistent with the recommendations of the Committee on Economic, Social

and Cultural Rights regarding adolescents in its General Comment No 22 on

Sexual and Reproductive Health and the recommendations of the CRC

Committee in its General Comments on Adolescent Health and Development

(GC 4) and the Rights of Adolescents (GC 20);

(b) Is age-appropriate and evidence based;

(c) Is co-designed with children consistent with CRC Art. 12 to ensure the

effective protection of the right to sexual and reproductive health of all

children, including children who identify as LGBTI and children with a

disability;

(d) Includes information on respectful relationships, consent, and measures to

empower and protect children before they engage in any sexual activity;

(e) Provides appropriate information about support services available to a child

who becomes pregnant; and

(f) Takes into account the views of parents/ guardians and also educates them

about the meaning and significance of a child’s right to sexual and

reproductive health.

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Environment, Climate Change and Health

51. The International Review Committee notes that children have concerns in relation to

the quality of the environment and climate change and the potential negative impact on

their health. The Committee therefore welcomes the commitment of the Government

in its National Human Rights Plan of Action 2022-2024 to address the impact of

climate change on human rights. The Committee also recommends that the

Government:

(a) Takes special measures to assess the impact of the environment and climate

change on children rights, including a review of the mandate of the

Environmental Protection Administration to ensure that it takes into account

these impacts;

(b) Takes steps to ensure the effective participation of children consistent with

CRC Art. 12 in the development of measures to address the impact of climate

change; and

(c) Be guided by the pending CRC Committee’s General Comment no. 26 on

Children’s Rights and Climate Change in the development of such measures.

LGBTI Children

52. The International Review Committee welcomes the commitment of the Government in

its National Human Rights Plan of Action 2022-2024 to promote equality and non-

discrimination for people including children who identify as LGBTI. The Committee

urges the Government to consult with LGBTI children and to ensure that they

have access to all necessary and appropriate medical and other support services

to enable them to enjoy all their rights under the Convention.

I. Education, leisure and cultural activities (arts. 28–31)

Early Childhood Education

53. The International Review Committee recognises the very considerable efforts to

increase the opportunities for young children to receive pre-school education. The

Committee recommends that the Government extends its efforts to ensure that

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 children receive quality early childhood education and in particular ensure that

all early childhood educators receive training on children’s rights and that the

current staff/ child ratios are reviewed and reduced.

Curriculum

54. The International Review Committee commends the Government’s goal to diversify

the curriculum, including the introduction of Curriculum 2019. The Committee is

concerned that children report that many schools continue to prioritise academic

attainment in a narrow range of subjects and do not always comply with the

requirements of the revised curriculum. The Committee recommends that:

(a) The Government reviews its systems of monitoring and inspecting

implementation and, in particular, ensures that children’s experiences of and

views on Curriculum 2019 are captured and addressed; and

(b) There is research, including with children, on the impact of the National

Examination on children’s right to enjoy an education that complies with CRC

Article 29 and CRC Committee’s General Comment no. 1.

Human Rights Education

55. The International Review Committee welcomes the existing efforts to ensure that all

children learn about human rights in schools. The Committee recommends that this

includes a specific focus on children's rights and, given that children learn about

their rights by seeing them applied in their daily lives, school policies and practices

are reviewed to ensure that they are children's rights-compliant.

Physical, Emotional and Psychological Abuse in School and Extra-Curricular

Activities

56. The International Review Committee recognises that the Government has extended the

definition of bullying to include teachers bullying pupils. However, the Committee is

deeply concerned that children continue to report that they are subjected to physical,

emotional and psychological abuse, including verbal abuse, in schools and after-school

activities. The existing system, where the discipline of teachers is aligned to the

severity of the impact of an individual child and where there is a need for the child and

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 their family to instigate and evidence an allegation, does not comply with the CRC.

The Committee strongly urges that this is replaced with regulations that provide

clear direction as to what constitutes violence and cruel and degrading treatment,

as defined in CRC Committee’s General Comments no. 8 and no. 13. Teachers

and others who work with children should face disciplinary action, and where

appropriate criminal prosecution, if they have engaged in such behaviours,

irrespective of the outcomes for an individual child.

School Dress Codes

57. The International Review Committee notes the concerns of children about the

application of school dress codes. The Committee recommends that schools should

be required by law to consult with children and to ensure that dress codes and

their implementation are non-discriminatory and are consistent with their

enjoyment of all children’s rights.

Rest, Play, Leisure and Culture

58. The International Review Committee remains deeply concerned about the lack of time

for children to rest, play and enjoy leisure activities due to the long hours spent at

school and in after-school educational programmes. The Committee recommends

that:

(a) The regulations on school hours are monitored and enforced;

(b) The Government considers introducing regulations on the opening hours and

pedagogical practices of so-called “cram schools”; and

(c) Sustained efforts are made to inform parents/ guardians about the negative

consequences for their children’s development and health when they have

limited time to rest and play.

59. In order to ensure that children enjoy the right to play and leisure and can do so

safely, the Committee recommends that legislation is introduced that requires

central and local Government to ensure that children’s right to play and leisure is

addressed, and that children are consulted, in rural and urban development policy

and planning processes.

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Culture and Indigenous Children

60. The International Review Committee acknowledges the considerable efforts of the

Government to promote Indigenous children’s right to culture and opportunity to speak

their own language. The Committee recommends that the Government engages

with Indigenous children and incorporates their perspectives on how best to

continue to do this in ways that will support children to enjoy their culture most

effectively.

J. Special protection measures (arts. 22, 30, 32–33, 35–36, 37 (b)–(d) and 38–40)

Refugees and asylum seekers

61. Bearing in mind the special situation of Taiwan and the reported lack of consensus

regarding a support mechanism for refugees and asylum seekers, as well as

unsuccessful efforts to date to secure the passage of a Refugee Act, the International

Review Committee nonetheless remains concerned about the possible ramifications of

case-by-case treatment of children in that situation. The Committee therefore

encourages the Government to actively pursue attempts to establish a specific

framework within which all such cases can be dealt with according to agreed

protocols and procedures corresponding to international standards.

Economic Exploitation of Children

62. The International Review Committee notes with appreciation that the minimum age for

child labour is in conformity with the standards set in ILO Convention 138. However,

the Committee is concerned that a number of children below the age of 6, between 6

and 11, and between 6 and 15 are working. It is not clear whether the standards for

working children aged 15 and above also apply for working children below the age of

15. The regional competent authority reviews this practice in accordance with the

regulations governing determination criteria and inspection of harm to mental and

physical health (Article 45, Labour Standard Act). The Committee recommends that

the Government takes the necessary measures to ensure that work by children

below the age of 15 is in full compliance with ILO 138.

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Drug Abuse

63. The International Review Committee welcomes the rule that children who are using

drugs are not treated as delinquents but as children at risk and are provided with

guidance and assistance accordingly. However, children with drug addiction are dealt

with by the juvenile court which can decide to follow either the protection or juvenile

justice approaches that can result in placement in a correctional institute for

reformatory education. The Committee recommends following the child protection

approach for all children using drugs, including children who are considered to

have an addiction.

64. Children engaged in production, selling or transporting are indicted and if found guilty

can be sentenced to imprisonment for up to 4 years. The International Review

Committee recommends that the Government takes all appropriate measures,

including if necessary to change legislation, to ensure that for children engaged in

production, sale or transport of illegal drugs, that deprivation of liberty is a

measure of last resort by providing alternatives, such as fines and diversion.

Children in Conflict with the Law

65. The International Review Committee welcomes the amendment of the Juvenile Justice

Act in accordance with the recommendation of the Committee made in its previous

Concluding Observations, meaning that status offences are abolished and that children

who commit an offence when they are below age 12 will not be prosecuted. According

to the Juvenile Delinquency Act, offences committed by children under the age of 18

can be dealt with as a child protection matter, or a matter of criminal law. The

Committee is concerned that this possibility can mean that a child of 12 or 13 years of

age who is sentenced under the Juvenile Delinquency Act can be placed in a juvenile

detention centre. The Committee recommends that the Government amends the

Juvenile Delinquency Act to ensure that no child below the age of 14 shall be

prosecuted.

66. The International Review Committee notes the information during the dialogue that

there are no restrictions on parents/ guardians visiting children who are placed in

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 correctional facilities. The Committee is concerned, however, that the facilities

establish their own rules, and that this could lead to restrictions on visitation of families

and discriminatory practices. The Committee encourages the Government to

provide the correctional institutions with a set of rules for a policy for visiting

children by family members of the child, and for communication by phone and/

or via social media. A similar set of rules should be provided for children who are

sentenced to imprisonment.

67.The International Review Committee recommends that every placement of a child,

separating them from their parents/ guardians, is in accordance with CRC Art.

25 and is regularly reviewed with special attention for the possibility of

reunification with their parents/ guardians.

Restorative Justice

68. The Juvenile Justice Act provides the Juvenile Court with the possibility to transfer the

child to an external organisation to pursue restorative justice. The International

Review Committee encourages the Government to expedite the measures for

making this possibility a real option for the Juvenile Court and to make

restorative justice an integral part of the child justice practice.

Sale of Children, Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse of Children

69. The International Review Committee notes that the Government has taken measures to

deal with the distribution of sexual abuse images via online platforms and that the

Government is in the process of incorporating the Optional Protocol on the Sale of

Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography of the CRC. The Committee

recommends that the Government produces and implements a comprehensive

policy, that includes the implementation of the general principles of the CRC, to

prevent the sale and sexual exploitation of children. The policy should comply

with all recommendations made by the CRC committee in its guidelines for the

implementation of the OPSC.

K. The adoption and incorporation of the Optional Protocols to the Convention

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Optional Protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography

(‘OPSC’) and Optional Protocol on the involvement of children in armed conflict

(‘OPAC’)

70. The International Review Committee notes that the Government has made efforts to

incorporate the OPSC. However, the Committee recommends that the Government

undertakes a review of all legislation to ensure full compliance with the obligations

under the OPSC and OPAC.

IV. Implementation and reporting

A. Follow-up

71. The International Review Committee recommends that the Government takes all

appropriate measures to ensure that the recommendations contained in the

present concluding observations are fully implemented and that a child-friendly

version is disseminated to, and made widely accessible for, children, including

those in the most disadvantaged situations. The Committee also recommends that

the second periodic report, the written replies to the list of issues and the present

concluding observations be made widely available in the languages of the country.

72. The International Review Committee appreciates the timely submission of the second

report, the transparent and participatory approach undertaken throughout the review

process. The Committee encourages the Government to continue its engagement

with civil society, and in particular children, and to commit to an ongoing process

of periodic review.

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