推動CRC
第14次諮詢會議紀錄
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「推動兒童權利公約施行法」
第 14 次諮詢會議（結論性意見分工研商會議）紀錄
時間：107 年 1 月 29 日（星期一）上午 9 時 30 分
地點：本部 303 會議室
主席：簡署長慧娟（陳副署長素春代） 記錄：蕭珮姍
出（列）席人員：詳如簽到表
壹、主席致詞：略
貳、業務單位報告：略
參、報告事項：
報告：兒童權利公約（下稱 CRC）首次國家報告國際審查結論性
意見落實及管考規劃說明。
說明：
一、 依 CRC 施行法第 7 條規定，我國業於 105 年 11 月 17 日
提出首次國家報告，並於 106 年 11 月 20 日至 24 日辦理
國際審查會議完竣，國際審查委員提出共 98 點結論性意
見，作為我國檢討及修正相關政策之參考。
二、 本部並於 106 年 12 月 14 日第 3580 次院會進行「兒童權
利公約國際審查結論性意見與後續規劃」報告，院長裁示
請各部會確實配合本部規劃之追蹤管考措施及時程，及早
檢討改善，並協調地方政府落實執行。
三、 為促請相關機關落實結論性意見，確實保障兒少權益，並
將推動成果充分反應在 CRC 第二次國家報告（110 年），
本部參考聯合國人權指標與兩公約管考架構等，擬具
「CRC 首次國家報告國際審查結論性意見落實及管考規
劃流程」及「各權責機關落實結論性意見後續行動回應
表」
，請相關機關配合辦理。
決定：
1
一、 洽悉，請權責機關據以配合辦理。
二、 請幕僚單位（本部）將「聯合國兒童權利委員會一般性意
見翻譯」納入工作項目。
肆、討論事項：
案由：CRC 首次國家報告國際審查結論性意見權責分工，提請討
論。
說明：
一、 旨揭結論性意見分為三部分，包括前言（6 點）、承認之
國際人權公約（1 點）
、關切重點與建議（91 點）
，本部暫
譯並建議分工如附件，提請逐點確認分工及中文翻譯。
二、 續請各權責機關依「各權責機關落實結論性意見後續行動
回應表」填表說明填寫，於 107 年 4 月 13 日前函復本部。
決議：
一、 結論性意見中文翻譯，請幕僚單位另案辦理，與會人員意
見納入參考。
二、 結論性意見第 1 點至第 36 點分工修正如下，餘照案通過：
（一） 一般執行措施
1. 第 9 點：免列司法院。
2. 第 10 點：主辦機關增列內政部，回應有關政府接受《關
於買賣兒童、兒童賣淫和兒童色情問題之兒童權利公約
任擇議定書》。
3. 第 14 點及第 15 點：監察院改列為主辦機關。
4. 第 16 點及第 17 點：主辦機關增列法務部，回應有關矯
正機構之申訴程序。
5. 第 19 點及第 20 點：協辦機關增列衛生福利部（統計處）
，
回應有關兒少福利統計分組分析。
6. 第 23 點及第 24 點：主辦機關增列經濟部，回應有關商
業部門遵守兒童權利相關規定；協辦機關增列教育部、
2
文化部、衛生福利部（保護服務司）
、內政部，回應有關
網路保護議題。
（二） 一般性原則
1. 第 30 點：主辦機關增列教育部，回應有關兒少在校相關
輔導、關懷作為。
2. 第 31 點及第 32 點：司法院改列主辦機關，回應有關法
律程序兒少表意權之相關措施；協辦機關增列衛生福利
部（保護服務司）
，回應兒少保護體系中之兒少表意權相
關措施。
（三） 公民權與自由
第 35 點及第 36 點：協辦機關增列教育部，回應兒少參
與集會結社是否影響在校成績、獎懲等。
三、 權責分工表依上開決議修正如附件 1，其餘點次（第 37
點至第 98 點）於 107 年 2 月 5 日「推動兒童權利公約施
行法」第 15 次諮詢會議（結論性意見分工研商會議）討
論。
四、 優先法規檢視成果併會議紀錄函送與會人員參考（附件
2）。
伍、臨時動議：無。
陸、散會（中午 12 時 30 分）
3
附件 1
中華民國（臺灣）兒童權利公約首次國家報告結論性意見各點次權責機關分工
點 結論性意見內容(中文參考翻譯，請確認)
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壹 前言 I. Introduction
1 中華民國（臺灣）立法院於 2014 年 6 月通過《兒 In June 2014, the Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China (Taiwan) 無
童權利公約施行法》（下稱《CRC 施行法》） ，並於 passed the Implementation Act of the Convention on the Rights of the
同年 11 月 20 日開始施行，係臺灣實施《CRC》之 Child (‘Implementation Act’). The Act came into force on 20 November
法律架構；2016 年 4 月 22 日立法院通過加入《CRC》 2014 and provides the framework for domestic harmonization of the
CRC. On 22 April 2016 Taiwan’s Legislative Yuan passed a Bill to
條約案，總統於 2016 年 5 月簽署加入書。 support the adoption of the CRC paving the way for the President to sign
the Instrument of Accession to the CRC in May 2016.
2 行政院依據《CRC 施行法》，於 2016 年 11 月發表 The Executive Yuan, according to the Implementation Act, published the 無
首次國家報告，並於 2017 年 3 月提供英文版。為 initial State report in November 2016 and its English version was made
審查首次國家報告，中華民國（臺灣）政府邀請 5 available in March 2017. In order to review its initial State report, the
位獨立國際兒權專家組成國際審查委員會（下稱委 Government of Taiwan invited five independent international children’s
rights experts to form an International Review Committee (‘Review
員會） 。5 位專家分別為 Jaap Doek（主席） （荷蘭）， Committee’). They were Jaap Doek (Chairperson) (The Netherlands),
Judith Karp（以色列）
，Nigel Cantwell（英國/瑞士）
； Judith Karp (Israel), Nigel Cantwell (United Kingdom/Switzerland);
Laura Lundy（北愛爾蘭）以及 John Tobin（澳洲）。 Laura Lundy (Northern Ireland) and John Tobin (Australia).
3 委員會審查臺灣於 2017 年 3 月提交之首次國家報 The Review Committee examined the initial report of Taiwan which was 無
告，並收到非政府組織（下稱 NGO）的替代報告 submitted to the Review Committee in March 2017. The Review
及兒少報告。委員會於 2017 年 6 月向臺灣提出問 Committee received reports from civil society organizations including
children’s organizations and groups of children. The Review Committee
題清單，復於同年 9 月收到詳細回應資料。委員會
submitted a List of Issues to Taiwan in June 2017 and received detailed
亦收到 NGO 對於政府問題清單回應資料的平行回 written replies in September 2017. The Review Committee also received
復意見。 a number of additional reports from civil society in response to the List of
Issues and the State’s replies to the List of Issues.
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點 結論性意見內容(中文參考翻譯，請確認)
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4 作為審查會議之一部分，委員會於 2017 年 11 月 20
As part of the review on 20 November 2017, the Review Committee held 無
private meetings with children and members from civil society. On 21
日與 NGO 及兒少舉行不公開會議，於 2017 年 11
and 22 November 2017, the Review Committee engaged in a public
月 21 日及 22 日與政府代表舉行公開會議，於 2017
dialogue with the Government delegation. The Review Committee
年 11 月 24 日通過並發表本結論性意見。
adopted the present Concluding Observations and presented them on 24
November 2017.
5 委員會了解臺灣政府認真且努力的實踐《CRC》， The Review Committee acknowledges the serious and sincere efforts of 無
並相當感謝相關部會及政府機構派員出席會議，與 the Government of Taiwan to implement the CRC. The Review
委員會進行建設性對話。NGO 之積極參與，尤其 Committee greatly appreciates the constructive dialogue with the
Government during the review, which was attended by representatives
是兒少參與，亦對審查過程至關重要。
from all relevant Ministries and government bodies. The active
participation of civil society and in particular children was also essential
to the review process.
6 委員會感謝衛生福利部（特別是《CRC》幕僚單位） The Review Committee expresses its appreciation to the Ministry of 無
提供實質協助與後援。 Health and Welfare, and particularly its CRC team, for providing the
Review Committee with substantive and logistical support.
II. Recognition of International Human Rights
貳 承認之國際人權公約
Treaties
7 委員會樂見臺灣除《CRC》外，亦接受下列國際人 The Review Committee welcomes the decision of Taiwan to adopt not 無
權公約： only the CRC but also the following international human rights treaties:
（1）《經濟社會文化權利國際公約》； (a) International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights;
(b) International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights;
（2）《公民與政治權利國際公約》；
(c) Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination
（3）《消除對婦女一切形式歧視公約》； against Women; and
（4）《身心障礙者權利公約》。 (d) Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
2
點 結論性意見內容(中文參考翻譯，請確認)
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參 關切重點與建議 III. Main areas of concern and recommendations
A. General measures of implementation (arts. 4, 42 and 44
一、一般執行措施（第 4、42、44（6）條）
(6))
立法 Legislation
8 委員會表達讚賞並注意到中華民國（臺灣）毫無保 The Review Committee notes with appreciation that the CRC was 衛福部（社家署）
留接受《CRC》，且為施行《CRC》制定特別法。 accepted without reservations and that a special Act was adopted for the
委員會建議政府於檢視國內法律以符合《CRC》規 implementation of the CRC. The Review Committee recommends that
the Government undertake a process of child rights impact assessment as
定時，進行兒少權利影響評估。
it continues to review its domestic laws with a view to harmonizing them
with the provisions of the CRC.
9 委員會建議應修正《CRC 施行法》，明定國內法律 The Review Committee recommends that the Implementation Act should 衛福部（社家署）
與《CRC》牴觸時，優先適用《CRC》。 be amended to provide a clear statement that the provisions of the CRC
prevail in the case of a conflict with domestic legal provisions.
10 委員會鼓勵政府接受《關於兒童捲入武裝衝突問題 The Review Committee encourages the Government to adopt the 1. 國防部
之兒童權利公約任擇議定書》及《關於買賣兒童、 Optional Protocols to the CRC on the Involvement of Children in Armed 2. 衛 福 部 （ 保 護
兒童賣淫和兒童色情問題之兒童權利公約任擇議 Conflict and on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child 司）
Pornography.
定書》。 3. 內政部
全面性國家行動計劃 Comprehensive national plan of action
11 委員會建議政府制定並實施全面性國家行動計畫 The Review Committee recommends that the Government develop and 衛福部（社家署）
，且納入地方政府、公民社會組織、 implement a national and comprehensive plan of action for the
以實踐《CRC》
相關專家、兒少及家長之參與。 implementation of the CRC, with the involvement of regional and local
authorities, civil society organisations, relevant professionals, children
and parents.
3
點 結論性意見內容(中文參考翻譯，請確認)
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協調 Coordination
12 委員會樂見行政院、衛生福利部及地方政府均設有 The Review Committee welcomes the establishment of the Promotional 衛福部（社家署）
兒童及少年福利與權益促進小組，負責協調與推動 Team for Children and Youth Welfare and Rights tasked with
兒少福利及權益保障政策。委員會建議政府確保上 coordination and promotion of policies regarding the rights and welfare
of children and youth, and of the Executive Yuan’s promotional group for
開小組具充分職權執行任務，並提供足夠的人力和
Child and Youth Welfare and Rights. The Review Committee
財力資源。 recommends that the Government ensure that these groups have sufficient
power to execute their tasks and are provided with adequate human and
financial resources.
13 委員會建議立法院應成立兒童委員會，於制定影響 The Review Committee recommends that a children’s committee be 立法院
兒少及其人權之法案時，該委員會應諮詢兒少、相 established in the Legislative Yuan. This committee should consult with
關專業機構和公民社會的意見。 children, relevant professional bodies and civil society in the
development of proposals for legislation that affects children and their
human rights.
獨立監督 Independent monitoring
14 委員會注意到且關心中華民國（臺灣）尚未成立獨 The Review Committee notes with concern that Taiwan has not yet 1. 法務部
立國家人權機構。 established an independent National Human Rights Institution (‘NHRI’).
4
點 結論性意見內容(中文參考翻譯，請確認)
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15 委員會建議無論是成立國家人權機構，內設監督兒 The Review Committee recommends the establishment without delay of 2. 監察院
童權利的專責單位；或是成立兒童監察使辦公室； either an NHRI with a dedicated division for the monitoring of the rights
或是設置兒童權利委員，都不宜再延遲，以遵循聯 of the child or a children’s ombudsman’s office or children’s rights
commissioner, in accordance with the recommendations made by the
合國兒童權利委員會在其第 2 號一般性（2002）意
CRC Committee in its General Comment No 2 (2002). This body should
見中提出的建議。國家人權機構的體制應依循巴黎 comply with the Paris Principles and, in particular, be able to receive,
原則，尤應以對兒童有敏感度的方式接受、調查和 investigate and address complaints notified by or on behalf of children,
處理由兒童或代表兒童提出之有關公私部門的申 relating to the public and private sector, in a child-sensitive manner,
訴，並確保申訴人的隱私和保護。 ensuring the privacy and protection of complainants.
申訴程序 Complaints procedures
16 委員會表達讚賞並注意到相關單位於教育、社會福 The Review Committee notes with appreciation the information provided 1. 教育部
利、醫療及少年司法領域，提供兒少申訴資訊。 on the opportunities for children to make complaints in the settings of
2. 衛 福 部 （ 醫 事
education, social welfare, health and juvenile justice.
委員會建議讓所有兒少都能獲得申訴管道以及申 The Review Committee recommends that all children receive information 司、國健署、疾
17
訴程序的相關資訊。政府應確保該程序對兒少友 about the opportunities and procedures for making complaints. The 管署、社家署）
善，提供兒少充分支持（在適當情形下包括家長或 Government should ensure that the procedures are child-friendly, that the 3. 司法院
child is provided with adequate support (including where appropriate by
NGO 的支持）
，並保護兒少隱私。委員會進一步建 4. 法務部
parents or competent NGOs) and that the privacy of the child is protected.
議，政府應採取必要措施，保護提出申訴之兒少或 Furthermore, it recommends that the Government take the necessary
代表兒少申訴者，免於報復、恐嚇或其他負面影 measures to protect children who make complaints, and those who do so
響。申訴程序應為獨立審查。 on behalf of a child, from retaliation, intimidation or other negative
repercussions. The complaints procedure must be subject to independent
review.
資源分配 Resource allocation
5
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18 委員會讚揚政府提出第一份兒少預算，建議政府依 The Review Committee commends the Government for introducing its 主計總處
據聯合國兒童權利委員會關於公共預算的第 19 號 first Child Budget. It recommends that, in line with the Committee on the
一般性意見（2016），透過包括兒少參與的公開對 Rights of the Child’s General Comment No. 19 on Public Budgeting
(2016), the Government ensure transparent and participatory budgeting
話，確保透明和參與式的預算編制，並建立相關機
through public dialogue, including with children, and establishes
制，監督與評估各級政府資源分配及使用的適切 mechanisms to monitor and evaluate the adequacy, efficacy and
性、有效性和公平性。 equitability of the distribution and use of resources, including at the level
of local authorities.
數據蒐集 Data collection
19 委員會感謝政府提供在家庭環境與替代性照顧、健 The Review Committee appreciates the provision of statistical 主計總處
康與福利、教育及特別保護措施等方面落實兒童權 information regarding the implementation of the rights of the child in
利的統計資料。 areas such as family environment and alternative care, health and welfare, （協辦：衛福部（統
education and special protective measures. 計處））
20 依據聯合國兒童權利委員會關於一般執行措施的 In the light of the Committee on the Rights of the Child’s General
第 5 號一般性意見，委員會建議政府進一步改善數 Comment No. 5 on General Measures of Implementation, the Review
據蒐集系統，並考慮增設中央數據蒐集單位。所蒐 Committee recommends that the Government further improves its system
of data collection and considers establishing a central data collection unit.
集的資料應涵蓋公約所有層面，依性別、年齡、城
The information collected should cover all areas of the Convention and be
鄉、原住民及種族背景分組分析，在相關及適當的 disaggregated by gender, age, urban/rural, and indigenous and ethnic
情形下，並依身心障礙、國籍和性取向分類。 backgrounds, as well as, where relevant and appropriate, disability,
nationality and sexual orientation.
認知提升與教育訓練 Awareness-raising and training
21 委員會注意到中央政府各部會和地方政府均有辦 The Review Committee notes the training on children’s rights provided at 1. 衛 福 部 （ 社 家
理兒童權利教育訓練。然而，委員會關切缺乏訓練 the central level by various ministries and at the local level. However, the 署）
品質及成效的資訊，且訓練似乎主要集中於公務人 Review Committee is concerned at the lack of information on the quality 2. 教育部
and effectiveness of training and that the focus appears to be mainly on
員。
6
點 結論性意見內容(中文參考翻譯，請確認)
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civil servants. （協辦：司法院、
內政部、法務部、
22 委員會建議政府確保從事兒少工作的所有專業人 The Review Committee recommends that the Government ensure training 人事總處、衛福部
員，均應接受兒童權利教育訓練，如教師、社會工 in children’s rights for all professionals working with or for children such （社工司、醫事
作人員、醫療專業人員、住宿型單位與寄養照顧專 as teachers, social workers, medical professionals, professionals working
司、照護司、保護
in residential and foster care and in the field of special protective
業人員，以及兒少特別保護措施領域的警察、法 司）
measures for children, police, judges and prosecutors and others working
官、檢察官及其他少年司法工作人員。提供訓練 in the field of juvenile justice. In all training, special attention should be
時，應特別著重《CRC》的一般性原則，包括禁止 given to the general principles of the CRC, the right to
歧視、優先考量兒少最佳利益、生命、生存及發展 non-discrimination, the best interests of the child as a primary
權、尊重兒少表意權，以及符合兒少各發展階段能 consideration, the right to life, survival and development, and the right to
力原則。所有訓練均應持續予以監測及評估，父母 be heard, as well as the principle of evolving capacities. All training
亦應透過學校、地方政府、福利機構、醫療院所及 should be monitored and evaluated on an ongoing basis. Parents should
媒體，獲得兒童權利相關資訊。 also receive information about children’s rights through schools, local
government, welfare and health services, and through the media.
與公民社會及商業部門合作 Cooperation with civil society and the business sector
23 委員會讚揚政府與公民社會組織的正向關係和開 The Review Committee commends the positive relationships and open 1. 勞動部
放式對話，並鼓勵此種合作，以做為進一步實現臺 dialogue between the government and civil society organisations. It 2. 通傳會
灣兒少權利的方法。 encourages this cooperation as a means of furthering the realisation of
children’s rights in Taiwan. 3. 行政院環保署
24 參考聯合國兒童權利委員會第 16 號一般性意見 With reference to the CRC Committee’s General Comment No. 16 (2013) 4. 經濟部
（ 2013 ，商 業部 門對兒 童 權利 之影 響及 國家 義 on State Obligations Regarding the Impact of Business on Children’s
務），委員會建議政府制定和實施相關規定，確保 Rights, the Review Committee recommends that the Government （協辦：教育部、
商業部門遵守兒童權利，特別是在兒少就業和工作 establish and implement regulations to ensure that the business sector
complies with the rights of the child, particularly in the area of children’s 文化部、衛福部（保
條件、媒體（包括社群媒體與網路）以及環境保護 employment and working conditions, media (including social media and
護司）、內政部）
方面。 the internet) and protection of the environment.
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二、兒少之定義 B. The definition of the child
25 委員會注意到臺灣的成年年齡是 20 歲，而委員會
The Review Committee notes that the age of majority in Taiwan is 20. 法務部
The Review Committee’s mandate is restricted to persons under the age
審查對象僅限於未滿 18 歲之兒少。惟仍需提醒，
of 18. However, it wishes to highlight the fact that the implementation of
實施《CRC》可能會對 18 歲或 19 歲青年的權利適
the CRC in Taiwan may generate some inconsistencies and confusion on
用，產生一些不一致和混淆的問題。
the applicability of rights to youth 18 or 19 years old.
26 委員會表達讚賞並注意到，政府承諾啟動修法，使 The Review Committee notes with appreciation that the Government has
目前的最低結婚年齡一致，並依據國際條約機構的 committed to enacting legislation which will harmonize the current
建議，男女均以 18 歲為準。 minimum ages for marriage, setting them for both boys and girls at 18 in
accordance with the recommendations of international treaty bodies.
三、一般性原則 C. General Principles
禁止歧視（第 2 條） Non-discrimination (art. 2)
27 委員會表達讚賞並注意到，政府針對弱勢兒少，如 The Review Committee notes with appreciation the information provided 1. 教育部
on various legal provisions for the prevention and protection against 2. 原民會
原住民兒少、LGBTI 兒少、身心障礙兒少和無國籍
兒少，已訂有預防及保護其不受歧視的相關法規。 discrimination of especially vulnerable children such as indigenous
children, LGBTI children, children with disabilities and stateless children. 3. 衛 福 部 （ 社 家
然而，委員會關注到，有關確保上述法規落實及解
However, the Review Committee is concerned at the lack of information 署）
決《性別平等教育法》執行阻力之政策、方案的成 on the effectiveness of the policies and programmes to ensure the
效資訊是缺乏的。 implementation of these provisions and to address resistance to the
implementation of the Gender Equity Education Act.
28 委員會建議政府持續諮詢兒少、從事兒少工作之專 The Review Committee recommends that the State continue, in on-going
業人員及民間社會，以促進和支持禁止歧視特別弱 consultation with children, professionals working with or for children and
勢兒少的認知提升活動，並採取必要措施，確保全 civil society, to promote and support awareness-raising campaigns on the
right to non-discrimination of especially vulnerable children, and to take
面落實各項禁止歧視兒少的法規。
the necessary measures to ensure the full implementation of the various
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legal provisions prohibiting discrimination of children.
The best interests of the child as a primary consideration
兒少最佳利益為優先考量（第 3 條第 1 項）
(art. 3, para.1)
29 委員會注意到，有關保護兒少之立法和民法，皆要 The Review Committee notes that legislation related to the protection of 衛福部（社家署）
求法院或其他單位的決定應以兒少最佳利益為基 children and the Civil Code requires that decisions by courts or other
礎。委員會建議政府確保該權利： authorities should be based on the best interests of the child. The Review
Committee recommends that the Government ensure that this right is: （協辦：司法院、
（1）符合聯合國兒童權利委員會第 14 號一般性意 法務部、內政部、
(a) interpreted consistently with the Committee’s General Comment No
見有關兒少最佳利益的解釋； 衛福部（保護司）
14 on the best interests of the child; and
（2）在所有立法、行政和司法訴訟程序與決定，以 (b) integrated and applied consistently in all legislative, administrative
及和兒童相關並對其產生影響的所有政策、 and judicial proceedings and decisions and in all policies,
方案和計畫，包括移民和少年司法的法律、 programmes and projects that are relevant to and have an impact on
法規中，一致地貫徹執行。 children, including immigration and juvenile justice laws and
regulations.
生命、生存及發展權（第 6 條） The right to life, survival and development (art.6)
30 委員會注意到國家承認兒少的高自殺率及自殺企 The Review Committee notes that the State acknowledges the high rate of 1. 衛 福 部 （ 心 口
圖，並建議政府評估及處理導致兒少自殺的因素， suicides and attempted suicides among children and recommends that it 司）
並加強現行降低高自殺率的措施。 assess and address the causes of suicide among children and youth and 2. 教育部
extend its current efforts to reduce the very high levels of child suicide.
兒少表意權（第 12 條） The right of the child to be heard (art. 12)
31 委 員 會 樂 見 學 校及地方 政府委員會 納入兒少代 The Review Committee welcomes the steps that have been taken to 1. 衛 福 部 （ 社 家
表，尤其讚賞課綱審議會納入兒少參與，然而，委 include children as members of school and local government committees 署）
員會關注社會文化態度會持續限制兒少在家庭、學 and commends in particular the inclusion of children in the review of the
National Curriculum guidelines. However, the Review Committee 2. 教育部
校及社區自由、安全的發聲。
expresses its concern that sociocultural attitudes continue to restrict
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children from freely and safely expressing their views in the home, in 3. 司法院
schools and in the wider community.
32 委員會引導政府關注聯合國兒童權利委員會第 12 The Review Committee draws the Government’s attention to the CRC
Committee’s General Comment No. 12 on the right of the child to be （協辦：人事總
號一般性意見有關兒少意見應被聽到的權利，並建
議政府依據公約第 12 條採取措施強化該權利之落 heard and recommends that it take measures to strengthen the 處、法務部、內政
implementation of this right in accordance with article 12 of the 部、衛福部（社工
實。委員會建議政府：
Convention. It recommends that the Government:
（1）進行研究，以找出兒少認為最重要之議題，以 (a) undertake research to identify the issues that are most important to 司、心口司、醫事
及在各種場合如何使兒少意見被聽取； children and how their views might be best heard on those issues in 司、照護司、保護
（2）針對父母、教師、社工、法官及其他從事兒少 all settings; 司））
工作者，辦理教育訓練及認知提升活動，以 (b) undertake training programmes and awareness-raising activities with
有效促進兒少在家庭、學校及社區的參與； parents, teachers, social workers, judges and others working with or
（3）建立並加強國家層級的兒少參與機制，使兒少 for children, to promote the meaningful and empowered participation
意見得於法制及決策階段被聽取； of all children within the family, schools and community;
(c) strengthen the participation of children at the national level by
（4）採取措施以確保法規履行，確保兒少享有於相
establishing a mechanism that will allow for the views of children to
關行政及法律程序表示意見之權利，包括確 be heard in the legislative and policy making process; and
保兒少被告知其享有權利，且支持兒少行使 (d) take measures to ensure the effective implementation of legislation,
其權利。 recognizing the right of the child to be heard in relevant
administrative and legal proceedings, including by ensuring that
children are informed of their right to be heard and are supported to
exercise it meaningfully.
四、公民權與自由 D. Civil rights and freedoms
取得國籍權（第 7 條第 1 項） The right to acquire a nationality (art. 7, para.1)
33 委員會樂見政府作出努力，讓更多未被收養的無國 The Review Committee welcomes the efforts of the government to enable 1. 內政部
籍兒童取得中華民國（臺灣）國籍。委員會關注到 more stateless children who are not adopted to acquire the nationality of 2. 教育部
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在特定報告中，提及生父不詳且外籍生母已返回原 the Republic of China/Taiwan. The Review Committee has noted in 3. 勞動部
屬國之兒少的權利及身分問題，並建議政府採取適 particular reports of problems associated with the entitlements and status 4. 衛 福 部 （ 國 健
當措施，確保這些兒少不會淪為無國籍或無法取得 of children born to migrant mothers and unknown fathers when the
mother returns to her home country without the child. The Review 署、健保署、疾
與臺灣兒童相同的服務及福利。
Committee recommends that the Government take all appropriate 管署、社家署）
measures to ensure that these children are not left stateless or deprived of
any services and benefits to which other children in Taiwan are entitled.
表現自由（第 13 條） The right to freedom of expression (art. 13)
34 委員會關注部分報告提及表現自由實際上可能受 The Review Committee is concerned at reports that exercise of the right 教育部
到限制，尤其在校園中，因為成人對此抱持負面態 to freedom of expression may be restricted in practice, particularly in
度以及兒少害怕受到懲罰。委員會建議政府確保兒 schools, due to negative attitudes on the part of adults and the children’s
fear of punishment. It recommends that the Government ensure that
少在所有環境下都能享有表現自由的權利，並促進
children can enjoy their right to freedom of expression in all settings, and
且支持校報、學生刊物或其他出版品在校內、外的 promote and support e.g. the production and distribution of student
發行及流通。 newspapers or bulletins or other publications in and outside schools.
The right to freedom of association and to freedom of
集會結社及和平集會自由（第 15 條）
peaceful assembly (art.15)
35 委員會關切未滿 20 歲的兒少及青年無法自行成立 The Review Committee notes with concern that children and young 內政部
團體，只能在父母或監護人同意下加入既定團體。 people below the age of 20 cannot establish their own association and can
這種情況不符合兒少的結社自由，亦不尊重兒少逐 only become a member of an existing association if they have the （協辦：教育部）
permission of their parents or guardians. This position is not consistent
漸發展的能力。
with the child’s right to freedom of association and fails to respect the
evolving capacities of the child.
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36 委員會建議政府採取必要的立法及其他措施，確保 The Review Committee recommends that the Government take the
兒少依據其年齡、成熟度及逐漸發展的能力，能夠 necessary legislative and other measures to ensure that children, in
不受任何歧視、完全享有集會結社及和平集會自由 accordance with their age, maturity and evolving capacities, can fully
enjoy, without any discrimination, their right to freedom of association
的權利，包括和平抗議的權利。
and to freedom of peaceful assembly, including the right to peaceful
protest
第 37 點至第 98 點於 107 年 2 月 5 日「推動兒童權利公約施行法」第 15 次諮詢會議（結論性意見分工研商會議）討論
隱私權（第 16 條） The right to privacy (art. 16)
37 委員會關切部分報告提及老師基於非法律規範的 The Review Committee notes with concern reports that teachers have 教育部
理由，搜查學生個人物品，並洩漏學生的秘密資 carried out searches of students’ personal belongings for reasons other
訊。委員會建議政府採取一切必要措施，避免學生 than those stipulated by law, and have released children’s confidential
information. The Review Committee recommends that the Government
隱私受到非法、恣意的侵犯。老師須了解相關法令
take all necessary measures to protect children from such unlawful and
規範，並於違反法令時，接受懲處。 arbitrary interference with their right to privacy. Teachers should be
informed of the relevant regulations and be subject to disciplinary
proceedings when they violate these regulations.
不受酷刑或其他形式殘忍、不人道或有辱人
The right not to be subjected to torture or other cruel,
格待遇或處罰之權利（第 37 條第 1 項（a）
inhuman and degrading treatment (art. 37 (a))
款）
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38 委員會亦關切在矯正機構及其他住宿設施中，使用 The Review Committee also expresses concern about the use of solitary 1. 法務部
單獨監禁和身體約束措施，並建議政府確保使用單 confinement and restraints in correctional and other residential facilities. 2. 教育部
獨監禁的法令及其實施條件，符合公約第 37 條及 It recommends that the Government ensure that the regulations governing
the use of solitary confinement and the conditions under which it is 3. 衛 福 部 （ 社 家
《聯合國保護被剝奪自由少年規則》（《哈瓦那規
carried out are in full conformity with article 37 of the Convention and 署）
則》） （第 67 段）
，並採取一切必要措施保證遵守這 the UN Rules on the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of Liberty
些規範。此外，委員會建議政府審查使用身體約束 (‘Havana Rules’) (para 67) and to take all necessary measures to
措施的相關法令，以確保符合《哈瓦那規則》（第 guarantee respect for those regulations. Furthermore, it recommends that
63 段和第 64 段）的標準。 the Government review the regulations governing use of restraints to
ensure that they correspond to standards set out in the Havana Rules
(paras 63 & 64).
五、家庭環境與替代性照顧(第 5 條、第 9
至第 11 條、第 18 條第 1 及 2 項、第 20 E. Family environment and alternative care (arts. 5, 9 – 11,
條、第 21 條、第 25 條及第 27 條第 4 18, para 1 and 2. 20, 21, 25 and 27 b, para 6)
項)
家庭支持 Family support
39 委 員 會 樂 見有各種支持父母履行 扶養責任的措 While welcoming the various measures in place to support parents in their 1. 衛 福 部 （ 社 家
施，包括經濟及其他面向的支持，但也注意到報告 childrearing responsibilities, financially and otherwise, the Review 署）
指出，單親家庭（包括離婚後）和一些低收入、高 Committee notes reports that single-parent households (including
following a divorce) and some low-income, high-risk households may not 2. 衛 福 部 （ 社 工
風險家庭可能無法獲得足夠支持。委員會敦促政府
be able to access adequate support. The Review Committee urges the 司）
採取一切可行措施，擴大這些家庭取得適當和必要 Government to take all feasible measures to widen access to appropriate
支持服務的管道。 and necessary support to include all such households.
非法移轉兒少或使其無法返國返家（第 11
Illicit transfer and non-return (art. 11)
條）
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40 委 員 會 指 出關於非法移轉兒 少 的通報並 非強制
The Review Committee notes the information that reporting of illicit 衛福部（社家署）
性，且通報數量可能只反映非法移轉受害兒少的一 transfer of a child is not mandatory and that the number of reports may
部分。此外，現行相關法條似乎不足以防止這種移 reflect only part of the number of children who are victims of illicit
transfer. Furthermore, the legislative provisions seem insufficient for （協辦：司法院、
轉。
preventing such transfers. 內政部、法務部）
41 委員會建議臺灣政府接受 1980 年《國際兒童略誘 The Review Committee recommends that Taiwan adopt The Hague
公約》，作為處理非法移轉和（不）返回兒少案件 Convention on Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction (1980) as a
的約束性文件。 binding document for dealing with cases of illicit transfer and (non-)
return of children.
無法在家庭環境中成長的兒少及替代性照 Children deprived of family environment and alternative
顧（第 9 條第 1 項及第 20 條） care (art. 9, para.1 and 20)
42 委員會對於機構安置的使用及其組織方式表達關 The Review Committee is concerned about the use of residential care and 1. 衛 福 部 （ 社 家
切，並注意到政府已採取措施，降低需與父母/家人 the way it is organised. It notes that measures have been taken by the 署）
分開，被安置在機構之人數。委員會同時注意到， Government to reduce the placement in residential care facilities of 2. 衛 福 部 （ 保 護
children who are or have to be separated from their parents/family. It also
雖然安置在公立機構的人數繼續增長，但接受機構 司）
notes that the number of children in residential care is not falling
安置的兒少人數並沒有顯著下降。委員會擔心，根 significantly while the number of non-State residential care providers
據目前的設立許可、查核及評鑑制度，可能無法有 continues to grow. The Review Committee is concerned that quality
效保障服務品質。委員會了解目前提供給私立機構 assurance may not be effectively carried out under the present system of
的資源，可能無法使其招聘和保留足夠數量的合格 authorisation, inspection and audits. The Review Committee understands
工作人員。委員會擔心，機構數過多可能會促使兒 that resources currently made available to private facilities may not
少安置在機構，而不是以家庭為基礎的照顧。委員 enable the latter to recruit and retain qualified staff in adequate numbers.
會建議政府檢視其原因，並確保資源有效分配，並 The Review Committee is concerned that overcapacity may create an
incentive to place children in residential care facilities instead of family
依據《聯合國兒童替代性照顧準則》，給予需要替
based care. The Review Committee recommends that the Government
代性照顧之兒少最適當的安置。 examine the reasons for this overcapacity and allocate resources in ways
that ensure the most appropriate placement of children in need of
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alternative care, consistent with the UN Guidelines for the Alternative
Care of Children.
43 委員會樂見政府設定目標，提高兒少接受正式親屬 The Review Committee welcomes the Government’s target of increasing
照顧之比率。委員會建議政府評估能否透過放寬親 the proportion of children in formal kinship care. The Review Committee
屬照顧者的申請資格及補助門檻，促進親屬照顧持 suggests that the Government examine the extent to which an ongoing
increase in kinship care can be facilitated by alleviating certain onerous
續增加。
requirements regarding eligibility and access to subsidies for potential
kinship carers.
44 委員會樂見政府促進寄養的政策，包括對有特殊需 The Review Committee also welcomes the Government’s policy to 衛福部（社家署）
求兒少的照顧，以及對寄養家庭的培訓和支持，並 promote foster care, including in relation to caring for children with
建議政府持續及加強這項政策。 special needs and the increased training and support for foster carers that
this implies. The Review Committee recommends that the Government
continue and strengthen this policy.
45 委員會建議政府依據《聯合國兒童替代性照顧準 The Review Committee recommends that, in line with the UN Guidelines 衛福部（社家署）
則》，制定全面且具成本效益的策略，透過支持及 for the Alternative Care of Children, the Government draw up a
強化家庭功能，避免安置需求產生，並為兒少推動 comprehensive and costed strategy to deinstitutionalise the alternative
care system by, among other things, supporting and strengthening
及提倡以家庭環境為主的替代性照顧，特別是親屬
families in order to prevent the need for placements, and promoting and
照顧，以將替代性照顧去機構化。 facilitating the use of family-based alternative care, in particular kinship
care, for these children.
46 委員會並建議政府採取必要的立法措施，確保所有 Furthermore, the Review Committee recommends that the Government 衛福部（社家署）
替代性照顧的兒少安置，均係依據家事法庭的裁 take the necessary legislative measures to ensure that all placements of
定，此種安置期限是由法律規範，且延長安置應由 children in alternative care are based on a decision of the family court,
that the term of such placement is set by law and that extending the
法院裁定並符合法定標準。委員會特別關注父母可
duration of the placement should be a decision of the court and meet
自行委託政府或機構安置子女，而不需法院介入評 criteria set by law. A particular concern of the Review Committee is that
估此種安置是否必要及是否符合兒少最佳利益。 parents can arrange the placement of their children without any
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involvement of the court in assessing whether the placement is necessary
and in the best interests of the child.
47 委員會指出，受到不當對待、立即面臨嚴重風險的 The Review Committee notes that children who are maltreated and face 衛福部（保護司）
兒少可以進行長達 72 小時的保護安置，且可經法 imminent and serious risk can be put in protective placement for up to 72
院裁定，重複延長 3 個月。委員會也關切主管機關 hours, and that this placement can be extended repeatedly for 3 months by
a decision of the court. The Review Committee is concerned that only
只有在兒少於緊急安置機構停留 2 年仍無法返家
after a stay of 2 years in an emergency residential facility are the
時，才會制訂長期處遇計畫。 authorities required to make a long-term treatment plan if the child cannot
return to her/his family.
48 委員會建議政府依據《CRC》第 25 條及《聯合國 The Review Committee recommends the Government establish an 1. 衛 福 部 （ 社 家
兒童替代性照顧準則》，建立有效體系，定期審查 effective system of regular review of all placements of children in 署）
所有替代性照顧之兒少安置。應該特別注意對緊急 alternative care in accordance with article 25 of the CRC and the UN
Guidelines for the Alternative Care for Children. Special attention should 2. 衛 福 部 （ 保 護
安置和機構安置情況進行評估，至少每年以兒少最
be given to the review of placements in emergency centres and residential 司）
佳利益為考量，評估兒少是否仍有安置需求，及/ facilities by assessing, at least every year, whether the placement is still
或能否將兒少安置於以家庭環境為主的替代性照 necessary in the best interests of the child and/or whether the child can be
顧。政府也應採取必要措施，防止兒少頻繁轉換安 placed in a family-based form of alternative care. The Government should
置處所。 also take the necessary measures to prevent the frequent moving of
children from one alternative care setting to another.
49 最後，依據《聯合國兒童替代性照顧準則》，委員 Finally, in line with the UN Guidelines for the Alternative Care of 1. 衛 福 部 （ 社 家
會強調為離開替代性照顧系統的兒少制定有效且 Children, the Review Committee emphasises the importance of having in 署）
適當的政策及方案至關重要，協助兒少做好準備 place an effective and suitable policy and programme for children leaving 2. 衛 福 部 （ 保 護
the alternative care system, preparing them (and, where applicable, their
（適當情況下，包含家屬），且在兒少離開後，為 司）
families) for the leaving care process and providing all necessary
其在一定及適當的期間內提供所有必要的支持性 after-care support for an appropriate period.
服務。
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國內及跨國境收養（第 21 條） Domestic and intercountry adoption (art. 21)
50 委員會指出，每年國內收養兒少人數低於海外收養 The Review Committee notes that the annual number of domestic 衛福部（社家署）
臺灣兒少之人數，但也關切近親及繼親收養終止收 adoptions is lower than that of adoptions of Taiwanese children abroad,
養比率偏高。委員會建議政府分析上述終止收養的 but notes with concern the high rate of terminations of intra-familial and
step-parent adoptions. The Review Committee recommends that the
原因，以採取補救措施降低其比率，並作出一切必
causes of these terminations be analysed, that remedial action be taken so
要的努力，確保所有相關兒少獲得適當照顧。委員 as to reduce their rate, and that all necessary efforts be made to ensure
會瞭解國內收養人通常可能較不願意收養有特殊 appropriate care for any child involved. While the Review Committee
需要的兒少（包括身心障礙兒少和年齡較大的兒 recognises that domestic adopters may often be unwilling to take
少），跨國境收養可能因而被視為唯一的解決之 responsibility for children with special needs (including those with
道，但敦促政府提升社會大眾意識，促進國內收養 disabilities and older children) and that intercountry adoption may
特殊需求兒少。 therefore be seen as the only solution for the latter, it urges the
Government to raise awareness and promote the adoption of these
children domestically.
51 委員會關切政府監督跨國境收養程序的層級及成 The Review Committee is concerned about the level and effectiveness of
效，包括對私立收出養媒合服務機構的授權和監 the Government’s oversight of the intercountry adoption procedure,
督。委員會建議臺灣採用《跨國收養方面保護兒童 including the authorisation and monitoring of private adoption agencies.
It recommends that Taiwan adopt The Hague Convention on Protection of
及合作公約》（1993 年）作為具法律效力之文件，
Children and Cooperation in Intercountry Adoption (1993) as a binding
以處理臺灣跨國境收養案件。 document for dealing with cases of intercountry adoption from and into
Taiwan.
六、暴力侵害兒童（第 19 條，第 24 條第 3
F. Violence against children (art. 19, 24, para. 3, 28 para. 2,
項，第 28 條第 2 項，第 34 條，第 37
34, 37 (a) and 39)
條（a）項和第 39 條）
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52 委員會樂見政府為防範對兒少施暴採取的各種措 The Review Committee welcomes the various actions taken by the 衛福部（保護司）
施，特別是針對體罰和霸凌的相關措施，以及提供 Government to address violence against children, in particular related to
給高風險兒少及 6 歲以下弱勢兒童之服務方案。 corporal punishment and bullying, and the programmes providing service
to high-risk children and youth and to disadvantaged children aged 6 or
under.
53 委員會建議政府： The Review Committee recommends that the Government:
（1）參考聯合國兒童權利委員會在其第 13 號一般 (a) continue and strengthen these and other activities and develop and
implement, taking into account the guidance and recommendations
性意見（2011 年）中提出的意見和建議，繼
of the CRC Committee in its General Comment No 13 (2011), a
續加強現行及其他措施，並制定及施行多年 multi-year comprehensive national plan of action for the prevention
國家行動綜合計畫，以預防及保護兒少在所 of and the protection of children against all forms of violence in all
有環境（包含家庭）均免遭一切形式暴力； settings, including the family; and
（2）為執行上開行動計畫（包含國家、地方及 NGO (b) provide the necessary human and financial resources for the
採取之行動）提供必要的人力和財力資源， implementation of this plan of action which include national and
以在 2030 年前結束對兒少一切形式的暴力侵 local and NGO activities that contribute to ending all forms of
violence against children by 2030, a goal of the Sustainable
害行為，這也是聯合國永續發展目標（目標
Development Goals (target 16.2.).
16.2）之一。
54 委員會樂見政府施行《校園霸凌防制準則》，但對 The Review Committee welcomes the Guidelines for Prevention of 教育部
於缺乏其實施情形的具體資訊、受害者或其他人的 Bullying on Campus, however it is concerned at the lack of concrete
通報成效不彰及後續處理機制感到關切。委員會建 information about their implementation and the ineffective reporting by
victims or others and follow-up mechanisms. The Review Committee
議政府：
recommends that the Government:
（1）徵詢兒少意見，檢視監督機制和通報程序， (a) review its monitoring and reporting processes in consultation with
確保其成效； children to ensure they are effective;
（2）提高師生對「霸凌對受害兒少及學校社區之 (b) enhance the understanding and awareness of both teachers and
負面影響」的認識和意識； students of the negative impact of bullying on the child victim and
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（3）加強教師能力，以打造安全教室，鼓勵被害 the school community;
人和證人通報霸凌案件； (c) reinforce teachers’ ability to create safe classrooms and encourage
victims and witnesses to report incidents of bullying; and
（4）為霸凌案件的被害人、加害人及其他受霸凌 (d) provide effective counselling and restorative practices for children
影響的兒少，提供輔導和修復的有效做法。 who are victims, perpetrators, and other children who may be
affected by bullying.
55 在網路霸凌方面，委員會建議政府應督促平台供應 In relation to cyberbullying the Review Committee recommends that the 通傳會
商發展及強化合宜的服務及機制，以預防及處理網 Government urge platform operators to develop and strengthen
路霸凌之申訴。 appropriate services and mechanisms for handling prevention and
cyberbullying complaints.
56 委員會樂見法律禁止學校和機構體罰兒少，然而家 The Review Committee welcomes the information that corporal 1. 法務部
內體罰並未被禁止，且學校仍持續使用體罰。 punishment has been prohibited by law in schools and institutions. 2. 教育部
However corporal punishment in the family setting has not been
prohibited and the use of corporal punishment in schools continues. 3. 衛 福 部 （ 社 家
57 委員會建議政府： The Review Committee recommends that the Government: 署）
（1）依據《CRC》第 8 號一般性意見，明確禁止 (a) adopt an explicit prohibition on corporal punishment in the home, 4. 衛 福 部 （ 保 護
consistent with the CRC Committee’s General Comment No 8;
家內體罰； 司）
(b) conduct awareness-raising and educational campaigns on the
（2）針對體罰和其他形式有辱人格待遇的負面影 negative impact of corporal punishment and other forms of degrading
響，規劃宣傳和教育活動，並提供替代方法 and humiliating treatment and provide information on alternative
之資訊，以提倡正向行為； methods for promoting positive behaviour;
（3）採取一切適當措施，確保公私立學校及機構 (c) take all appropriate measures to ensure that all people working in
所有的工作人員不使用體罰； public and private schools and institutions refrain from the use of
corporal punishment; and
（4）教育所有從事兒少服務的專業人員，使其了 (d) educate all professionals working with or for children on the
解向主管機關通報疑似對兒少施暴案件的重 importance of reporting all suspected incidents of violence against
要性。 children to the appropriate authorities.
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七、身心障礙、基本健康與福利（第 6 條、
第 18 條第 3 項、第 23 條、第 24 條、 G. Disability, basic health and welfare (arts. 6, 18, para.3,
第 26 條、第 27 條第 1 至第 3 項和第 23, 24, 26, 27, paras. 1-3 and 33)
33 條）
身心障礙兒少權利（第 23 條） The rights of children with a disability (art.23)
58 委員會敦促政府執行《身心障礙者權利公約》審查 The Review Committee urges the Government to implement the 衛福部（社家署）
委員會的建議。並進一步建議政府確保蒐集身心障 recommendations of the Review Committee for the Convention on the
礙兒少的準確分類資訊，並採取適當措施使身心障 Rights of Persons with a Disability. It further recommends that the
Government ensure the collection of accurate disaggregated data on （協辦：教育部、
礙兒少：
children with a disability and take appropriate measures to ensure that 勞動部）
（1）可在鄉村獲得適當的教育； such children:
（2）完成學業後從事有意義的工作； (a) can access appropriate schooling in rural areas;
（3）有機會享受有意義的玩樂、休閒和娛樂，如 (b) transition into meaningful employment after the completion of their
建造共融遊樂場； schooling;
(c) enjoy access to meaningful play, leisure and recreation opportunities
（4）為自己及家人接受適當的支持服務。 by, for example, the development of all-abilities playgrounds; and
(d) receive appropriate support services for themselves and their
families.
59 委員會對有多數的身心障礙兒少住在機構感到關 The Review Committee is concerned at the high number of children with 1. 衛 福 部 （ 社 家
切。委員會樂見政府採取 5 年策略（計畫），增加 disabilities living in residential facilities. It welcomes the fact that the 署）
身心障礙兒少在社區生活的人數，並提供身心障礙 Government has adopted a 5 year strategy to increase the number of 2. 教育部
children with disabilities living in community based settings and having
兒少進入主流學校接受融合教育的機會。
access to mainstream inclusive schools.
健康權（第 24 條） The right to health (art 24)
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60 委員會關切所有兒少不論能力，均須徵得父母同意 The Review Committee is concerned that all children must obtain the 衛福部（醫事司）
才能接受醫療。此與聯合國兒童權利委員會的觀點 consent of their parents in order to receive medical treatment, irrespective
不一致。依據兒童權利委員會說明，具備充分理解 of their capacity. This position is inconsistent with the view of the
Committee on the Rights of the Child which has explained that a child of
能力之兒少，可在父母不同意的情況下自主同意接
sufficient understanding is capable of providing consent to medical
受醫療。 treatment including in circumstances where her/his parents are unwilling
to provide consent.
61 委員會建議政府修改相關法律，以確保兒少接受醫 The Review Committee recommends that the Government amend the
療所需同意符合《CRC》 ，特別是第 5 條和第 12 條。 relevant laws to ensure that the consent required for medical treatment of
亦建議政府落實聯合國兒童權利委員會第 12 號一 a child is consistent with the CRC, especially articles 5 and 12. It also
recommends that the Government consider the implementation of the
般性意見（第 102 段）
，立法規定達一定年齡的兒
recommendation of the CRC Committee in its General Comment No 12
少可有同意權。 (para 102) that states adopt legislation which provides for a fixed age at
which the right to consent transfers to the child.
62 委員會樂見政府努力為兒少提供專業的心理健康 The Review Committee welcomes efforts by the Government to provide 衛福部（心口司）
服務，包括為兒少提供社區心理健康門診、心理健 specialist mental health services for children, including the provision of
康專科和熱線服務。不過，委員會關切兒少心理健 community mental health clinics, specialist mental health professionals
and hotlines for children. However, the Committee is concerned about the
康問題，特別是高自殺率及提供服務的成效。
incidence of children experiencing problems with their mental health,
especially the high suicide rate and the effectiveness of the services
provided.
63 委員會建議政府： The Review Committee recommends that the Government:
（1）持續蒐集有關兒少心理健康情況和少年自殺 (a) continue to collect data on children with mental health conditions and
youth suicide which, where possible and appropriate, is
的數據，在可行且適切的前提下，根據性質、
disaggregated according to the nature of the condition, age, gender,
年齡、性別、城鄉分布、原住民身分和性傾 rural/urban location, indigenous status, and sexual orientation;
向等項目分類； (b) monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of the services provided to
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（2）監測和評估提供兒少服務的成效，包括以熱 children, including data on the referral rate and outcomes of children
線求助的兒少轉診率和結果等數據； who access helplines;
(c) ensure mental health services, including child-friendly preventative
（3）確保心理健康服務（包含友善兒少之預防性 services, are available, accessible, acceptable and of appropriate
服務）的可近性、可用性及可接受性，且服 quality consistent with General Comment No 15 on the Right to
務品質符合聯合國兒童權利委員會有關健康 Health of the CRC Committee; and
權利的第 15 號一般性意見； (d) actively seek the views of children, consistent with article 12 of the
（4）根據《CRC》第 12 條，積極徵詢兒少意見， CRC, to assist with the development, implementation and monitoring
以協助發展、實施及監測兒少心理健康服務。 of mental health services for children.
64 委員會樂見政府為解決兒童肥胖問題採取的一系 The Review Committee welcomes the range of initiatives adopted by the 1. 衛 福 部 （ 國 健
列措施，但建議： Government to address the issue of childhood obesity. However, it 署）
recommends that:
（1）政府評估及監測這些措施的成效；
(a) the Government evaluate and monitor the effectiveness of such 2. 教育部
（2）在學校量測兒童體重時應審慎進行，確保過 initiatives; and
程保護兒童隱私且不會使兒童受到羞辱。 (b) exercise caution when weighing children in schools, to ensure that
this process is undertaken in a way that protects a child’s right to
privacy and does not subject a child to humiliation.
65 委員會指出，政府自 2011 年起採行進步的兒少性 The Review Committee notes that, since 2011, the Government has 教育部
教育及生育保健教材。委員會亦指出，多個 NGO adopted a progressive programme to deliver education on sexual and
對該教材成效及合宜性表達強烈關切，性傳染病發 reproductive health to children. It also notes that significant concerns are
生率仍高、部分疾病發生率正在增加，且仍有相當 held by various groups with respect to the effectiveness and
appropriateness of this programme; that the incidence of sexually
比例的少女懷孕。 transmitted diseases remains high and is increasing for some diseases and
that there are still a significant number of teenage pregnancies.
66 委員會建議政府檢討現行課程內容，評估是否需修 The Review Committee recommends that the Government review the
訂以改善其成效及確保其合宜性。檢討過程應諮詢 current programme to evaluate whether any amendments are required to
improve its effectiveness and ensure its appropriateness. This review
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所有利害關係人，包括兒少、家長團體、衛生專業 should consult all interested parties including children and adolescents,
人員和教育工作者。 parent groups, health professionals and educators.
67 委員會進一步建議審查評估現行性健康和生育保 The Review Committee further recommends that the review assess
健課程是否： whether the current sexual and reproductive health programme:
(a) is consistent with the recommendations of the Committee on
（1）與經濟社會和文化權利委員會第 22 號一般性
Economic Social and Cultural Rights regarding adolescents in its
意見（關於少年性健康與生育保健） 、聯合國 General Comment 22 on Sexual and Reproductive Health and the
兒童權利委員會第 4 號一般性意見（關於少 recommendations of the CRC Committee in its General Comments
年健康與發展）及第 20 號一般性意見（關於 on Adolescent Health and Development (GC 4) and the Rights of
兒少權利）的內容一致； Adolescents (GC 20);
（2）適齡具實證基礎； (b) is age appropriate and evidence based;
(c) is designed to protect the right to sexual and reproductive health of
（3）旨在保護所有兒少的性健康和生育保健權， all children, including children who identify as LGBTI and children
包括 LGBTI 兒少及身心障礙兒少； with a disability;
（4）符合《CRC》第 12 條規定，於方案設計、實 (d) accommodates the views of children in the design, delivery and
施及評估時納入兒少意見； evaluation of the programme, consistent with article 12 of the CRC;
（5）提供兒少親密關係應互相尊重等相關資訊， (e) includes information on respectful relationships and measures to
empower children before they engage in sexual activity;
並培養兒少對於性行為的正確觀念；
(f) provides appropriate information and support services to a girl who
（6）為懷孕少女提供適當的資訊及支持服務； becomes pregnant; and
（7）教導父母瞭解兒少的性健康及生育保健相關 (g) educates parents to understand a child’s right to sexual and
權利。 reproductive health.
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68 委員會聽到兒少代表對環境品質可能損害其健康 The Review Committee heard concerns from children with respect to the 行政院環保署
的擔憂，並建議政府採取措施監測環境對兒少健康 quality of the environment and the potential for this to harm their health,
的影響。委員會也建議政府建立相關制度或流程， and recommends that the Government take measures to monitor the
impact of the environment on children’s health. The Review Committee
使兒少得以向政府表達對環境或其他兒少健康議
also recommends that the Government develop systems or processes that
題之關切，並參考 2016 年聯合國兒童權利委員會 enable children to express their concerns to the Government regarding the
繼關於兒少權利與環境之一般性討論日後所提建 environment or other matters relevant to children’s health, and address
議，透過適當的立法或其他行動來處理上開問題。 these concerns with adequate legislative and other actions, taking into
account the recommendations of the UN CRC Committee following its
2016 Day of General Discussion on Children’s Rights and the
Environment.
八、教育休閒與文化活動（第 28 條至第 31
H. Education, leisure and cultural activities (art. 28 – 31)
條）
教育權（第 28 條、第 29 條） The right to education (art 28-29)
改善就學負擔差距 Closing the gap
69 委員會樂見 6 至 15 歲的義務教育免收學費。然而， The Review Committee welcomes the fact that compulsory education 教育部
委員會關切越來越多私立高中職學生須申請貸款 between the ages of 6 and 15 is free of tuition fees. Nevertheless, the
才能負擔學費、其他學習費用及生活開支。 Review Committee is concerned with the growing need of students at
private vocational and senior high schools to apply for loans to pay
tuition and other learning costs and living expenses.
70 委 員 會 建 議教育部全面檢視私立高中職 收費情 The Review Committee recommends that the Ministry of Education
形，並建立審查機制，以保護經濟弱勢學生免受私 (‘MOE’) undertake an overall review of the tuition rates of private
立學校過度收費。委員會進一步建議政府推行適當 vocational and senior high schools, and establish a review system in this
計劃，協助無力償還貸款的學生。 regard to protect economically disadvantaged students from being
charged excessively by private schools. The Review Committee further
recommends that the Government introduce appropriate programmes to
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assist students who experience difficulties in the repayment of their debt.
學前教育 Preschools
71 委員會對於公立和非營利幼兒園不足、就讀私立幼 The Review Committee is concerned at the shortage of public and 教育部
兒園帶給家長的沉重經濟負擔表達關切。委員會亦 non-profit preschools and the high financial burden for parents enrolling
關切地方主管機關需要額外的人力和經費，才能落 their children in private preschools. The Committee is also concerned
by the need of local authorities for additional human and financial
實《幼兒教育及照顧法》第 7 條。
resources to enable them to comply with Article 7 of the Early Childhood
Education and Care Act.
72 委員會樂見《擴大幼兒教保公共化計畫（2017 年至 The Review Committee welcomes the Maximizing the Public Education
2020 年）》的實施，協助地方政府增設更多公立幼 and Care Services Project (2017-2020) to assist local governments to
兒園，為更多家長提供平價優質的教保服務。 establish more public preschools enabling more parents to access
high-quality education and care for their children at a fair cost.
73 委員會鼓勵政府根據以下項目評估實施前述計畫 The Review Committee encourages the Government to evaluate the
的成效：公立幼兒園數量增加、受過專業訓練的幼 effectiveness of the implementation of this project with regard to the
教老師等比增加，並修訂工資以改善高流動率。委 increase in the number of public preschools and the proportional increase
in the number of trained preschool teachers, and to revise their wages to
員會建議政府以公立幼兒園免學費、私立幼兒園收
address the high staff turnover rate. The Review Committee recommends
費可負擔為目標。 that the Government aim to achieve free tuition for public preschools and
affordable tuition for private preschools.
偏鄉地區教育經費分配 Budget allocation for education in remote and rural areas
74 委員會肯定政府為偏鄉兒少分配更多教育資源的 The Review Committee acknowledges that the Government is committed 教育部
決心。然而，委員會仍然關切目前分配資源尚不足 to allocating additional resources to the education of children in remote
以確保偏鄉兒少的教育品質。委員會建議政府持續 and rural areas. However, the Review Committee remains concerned that
the allocation of these resources may not always be sufficient to ensure a
為偏鄉教育提供額外資源，並採取措施以監測偏鄉
quality education for children in these areas. The Review Committee
兒少享有《CRC》第 28 條和第 29 條所訂教育權的
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程度。 recommends that the Government continue to provide additional
resources for rural and remote education and adopt measures to monitor
the extent to which children enjoy their right to education, consistent with
articles 28 and 29 of the CRC.
兒童權利與公民教育 Children’s rights and civic education
75 委員會建議無論何種形式或層級的教育課程（包含 The Review Committee recommends that human rights and, in particular, 教育部
國民教育），均須納入人權（尤其是兒童權利）教 the rights of the child be made a mandatory part of the curriculum in all
育。委員會進一步建議，應為各年齡層和不同能力 forms and at all levels of education, including the National Curriculum.
The Review Committee further recommends that accessible materials be
的兒少製作適宜教材，教師亦須接受兒童權利的知
produced for all ages and abilities of children, and that knowledge and
識和培訓。委員會另建議，教育部應支持公民教育 training in children’s rights be a prerequisite for teachers. The Review
中培力兒少的相關活動。 Committee further recommends that the MOE support activities
concerning children’s empowerment in civic and citizenship education.
學生參與校務 Student representation in school affairs
76 委員會肯定《高級中等教育法》催生學生自治組織 The Review Committee acknowledges that the High School Education 教育部
的貢獻，但關切該法未被有效落實。委員會建議教 Act provides for the creation of self-governing students organizations, but
育部監督所有學校（包括私立學校）的學生自治組 it is concerned that the Act is not effectively implemented. The Review
Committee recommends that the MOE monitor the establishment of
織，確保沒有學校人員介入該組織的選舉或功能行
self-governing student organizations in all schools, including private
使。委員會進一步建議，學生自治組織應有效參與 schools, without the intervention of school personnel in their elections or
學校所有處理校務及攸關學生受教利益的委員會。 functions. The Review Committee further recommends that
self-governing organizations be effectively represented in all school
committees dealing with school affairs and students’ educational interests.
課綱改革 Reform of the curricula guidelines
77 委員會關注考試導向、過分強調學業表現造成學生 The Review Committee is concerned about the stress caused to students 教育部
壓力，加上課程缺乏彈性，學生難以追求個人的學 as a result of the pressure for high academic attainment, where a strong
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習興趣。委員會樂見教育部正在進行課綱審查，期 emphasis is placed on examinations and the curriculum lacks flexibility,
使課綱更具彈性，更符合學生興趣並減輕學生壓 leaving students with limited scope to pursue their own educational
力。委員會鼓勵教育部在學生的有效參與下繼續審 interests. The Review Committee welcomes the ongoing review by the
MOE of the curricula with a view to making it more flexible, more
查課綱。
compatible with students’ interests and less stressful for students. The
Review Committee encourages the MOE to continue this review process
with the effective participation of students.
中輟生 Dropout students
78 委員會擔心協助中輟生的相關服務未經整合，建議 The Review Committee is concerned that not all services for students 教育部
政府整合所有服務，確保中輟生得以分配到足夠資 who drop out of school are integrated. The Review Committee
源。 recommends that the Government integrate these services and ensure the
sufficient allocation of resources to support such students.
懲處措施 Disciplinary measures
79 委員會擔心各校自行制定學生懲處規定，可能使兒 The Review Committee notes that schools can draw up their own 教育部
少遭受連坐罰等不當和違法的懲罰。委員會建議政 guidelines for the discipline of students and is concerned that this could
府公開並提供學校相關指引，明列合乎兒童權利的 expose children to arbitrary and unlawful disciplinary measures such as
collective punishment. The Review Committee recommends that the
懲處措施。
Government provide and publicise a directive to schools which outlines
those disciplinary measures which are compatible with children’s rights.
80 委員會關切並建議軍訓教官應盡快全面退出校園。 The Review Committee is concerned at the employment of military 教育部
training officers in schools and recommends that this practice be phased
out as expeditiously as possible.
體罰 Corporal punishment
81 委員會關切校園禁止體罰之規定未獲徹底執行，亦 The Review Committee is concerned that the ban on corporal punishment 教育部
未經妥適監督。委員會建議教育部採取一切必要措 in schools is not adequately monitored and enforced. It recommends that
施，確保有效執行禁令，並適當懲戒使用體罰的教 all necessary measures be taken by the MOE to ensure the effective
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師。 implementation of the ban, and that teachers who use this measure be
appropriately sanctioned.
申訴機制 Mechanism of appeals
82 委員會關注現行申訴程序處理學生申訴的成效，並 The Review Committee is concerned with the effectiveness of the 1. 教育部
建議政府建立一套獨立、保密且安全的申訴通報機 existing appeal procedures for students’ complaints. It recommends that 2. 法務部
制，個別處理針對各類學校不當行政決策或措施的 the Government set up an independent mechanism providing a
confidential and safe reporting process to address individual appeals on
申訴案件，包括私立學校、輔育院、矯正學校及中
wrongful administrative decisions or measures taken by all schools,
途學校。學生應有權在此種申訴評議委員會中陳述 including private, reform, correctional, and transition schools. Students
意見，並獲得包括非政府組織在內的獨立代表。 should be entitled to be heard in such hearings and receive independent
representation. including from NGOs.
兒少休息、遊戲、休閒權（第 31 條） The child’s right to rest, play, leisure (art. 31)
83 委員會十分關切兒少在學校或在校外的其他正式 The Review Committee is deeply concerned about the very long hours 教育部
教育機構的時間極長，也注意到政府已對國家考試 that children spend at school or in other formal educational settings
制度進行改革，希望可以減輕兒少的學業壓力。 outside school. It notes that the Government has reformed the state
examination system in the hope that this may reduce the pressure on
children in relation to academic attainment.
84 委員會建議政府檢視學生在校日的時間安排並加 The Review Committee recommends that the Government review and
以規範，確保學校提供兒少適當且規律的休閒時 regulate the structure of the school day in order to ensure that schools
間。此外，建議政府教育家長和老師，睡眠、遊戲 provide children with adequate and regular periods of free time.
及休閒時間不足，對兒少的學習、發展及身心健康 Furthermore, it recommends that the Government undertake measures to
educate parents and teachers about the harmful effects of a lack of
均有不良影響。 adequate sleep and of access to play and leisure on children’s learning
and development and physical and mental health.
85 委員會讚賞政府努力提供兒少安全的遊樂場所，增 The Review Committee commends the Government’s efforts to increase 1. 文化部
加都市兒少的遊樂場域，並強調政府應確保包括身 children’s access to play space in urban environments through the 2. 內政部
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心障礙兒少在內的所有兒少都能參與遊戲，且均有 provision of safe playgrounds. It stresses that the Government should 3. 衛 福 部 （ 社 家
享受自然環境的權利。參考第 17 號一般性意見ensure that all children, including children with disabilities, have access 署）
to play and that children should be able to enjoy that right in the natural
（2013，兒少享有休息和休閒、從事遊戲和娛樂活
environment. With reference to General Comment No. 17 (2013) on the
動、參加文化生活和藝術活動的權利），委員會建
right of the child to rest, leisure, play, recreational activities, cultural life
議政府（含地方政府）採取措施以確保兒少享有休 and the arts, the Review Committee recommends that the Government, as
息、休閒與參與適齡遊戲及娛樂活動之權利，包括 well as local authorities, implement measures to guarantee the right of the
持續投入充足資源，推行遊戲與休閒相關政策。委 child to rest and leisure and to engage in play and recreational activities
員會建議政府在規劃、設計及監督社區、地方、國 appropriate to the age of the child, including by adopting and
家層級的遊戲與休閒相關政策和活動執行時，應讓 implementing play and leisure policies with sufficient and sustainable
兒少充分參與。 resources. The Review Committee recommends that Government fully
involve children in planning, designing and monitoring the
implementation of play policies and activities relevant to play and leisure,
at the community, local and national levels.
86 委員會注意到政府在確保所有兒少都能學習多元 The Review Committee notes the existing efforts to ensure that all 教育部
文化（包括原住民文化和語言）上所做的努力，並 children can learn about diverse cultures, including indigenous cultures
鼓勵政府諮詢兒少、家長和少數群體，以檢討成效 and languages. It encourages the Government to review and extend these
activities in consultation with children, their families and minority
並擴大推廣相關活動。
communities.
九、特別保護措施（第 22 條、第 30 條、第
32 條、第 33 條、第 35 條、第 36 條、 I. Special protection measures (arts. 22, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35,
第 37 條(b)至(d)項、第 38 條和第 38 至 36, 37 (b), (d) and 38 – 40)
第 40 條）
原住民兒少（第 30 條） Indigenous children (art. 30)
87 委員會樂見政府為保護原住民兒少權利採取的許 The Review Committee welcomes the numerous measures taken by the 原民會
Government to protect the rights of indigenous children and the important
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多措施，以及原住民族委員會扮演的重要角色。 role played by the National Council of Indigenous Peoples.
88 委員會建議政府持續與原住民族（包括兒少）合 The Review Committee recommends that the Government continue to
作，共同執行、監督和評估原住民兒少權利特別保 implement, monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of special measures to
護措施的成效。委員會並建議政府應： protect the rights of indigenous children in collaboration with indigenous
communities including children from such communities. The Review
（1）推動降低原住民嬰兒死亡率的措施； Committee further recommends that the Government pay special
（2）提供合格師資教授原住民兒少原住民語言； attention to:
（3）提供原住民兒少從偏鄉至都市求學所需的協 (a) measures to reduce the infant mortality rate among indigenous
助； children;
(b) the ability of indigenous children to receive instruction in their
（4）與部落合作創辦幼兒園，包括適切分配資源 indigenous language by appropriately qualified teachers;
以及讓原住民參與幼兒園的建設、人力配置 (c) the assistance provided to indigenous children when they move from
與營運； rural to urban areas to undertake education;
（5）在原住民社區安排符合文化慣習的替代性照 (d) measures to support the development of preschools by tribal
顧； co-operatives, including the allocation of adequate resources and the
involvement of indigenous community members in the development,
（6）提供符合原住民文化的親職教育和支持服
staffing and operation of such preschools;
務。 (e) supporting customary alternative care arrangements in indigenous
communities; and
(f) the provision of culturally appropriate parenting education and
support services.
童工（第 32 條） Child labour (art. 32)
89 委員會注意到部分報告指出，兒少（包含幼童）經 The Review Committee notes with concern reports that children, 勞動部
常長時間工作，且/或處於可能對其健康與發展有害 including younger children, are working in conditions that often involve
的工作環境。委員會建議政府： long hours and/or may be harmful to their health and development. The
Review Committee recommends that the Government:
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（1）調查從事勞動的兒少人數，並依據工作性 (a) collect data on the number of children working, disaggregated
質、年齡、性別、是否具原住民身分及城鄉 according to the nature of the work, age, gender and whether the
child comes from an indigenous, rural or urban background; and
背景分類統計；
(b) take appropriate measures to protect the rights of such children.
（2）採取適當措施以保護這些兒少的權利。
藥物濫用（第 33 條） Drug abuse (art. 33)
90 委 員 會 樂 見 政府已 採取各種防止藥物濫用的措 The Review Committee welcomes the various measures taken to prevent 1. 法務部
施，例如地方政府設立毒品危害防制中心、辦理反 drug abuse, such as the establishment of local Abuse Prevention Centres 2. 教育部
毒健康小學堂題庫教學計畫，並指定醫療機構治療 and the project “say-no-to-drugs”, and the designation of medical
treatment institutions for the treatment of children addicted to drugs. 3. 衛 福 部 （ 心 口
吸毒兒少。然而，委員會關切目前缺乏數據證明這
However, the Review Committee is concerned at the lack of information 司）
些措施的成效。 on the effectiveness of these measures.
91 委 員 會 建 議政府定期評估這些措施是否有效落 The Review Committee recommends that the Government regularly
實，並讓吸毒兒少參與，以便在必要時調整或加強 conduct evaluations of the implementation of these measures and their
措施力度。此外，委員會建議政府視使用毒品為健 effectiveness with the involvement of child and adolescent drug users, in
order to adjust or strengthen these measures where necessary. In addition,
康問題而非犯罪。
the Review Committee recommends that the Government treat the use of
drugs as a health problem and not as a crime.
性剝削及性虐待（第 34 條） Sexual exploitation and sexual abuse (art. 34)
92 委員會樂見 2015 年通過《兒童及少年性剝削防制 The Review Committee welcomes the adoption in 2015 of the Child and 衛福部（保護司）
條例》
（2017 年 1 月 1 日生效）
，以及防制兒少性交 Youth Sexual Exploitation Prevention Act, which entered into force on 1
易與強化性犯罪調查的相關計畫。不過，委員會擔 January 2017, and the related plans for the prevention of sex trade
involving children and for the reinforcement of sex crimes investigations. （協辦：司法院、
心，針對性剝削或性虐待受害兒少的緊急安置可以
However, the Review Committee is concerned that an emergency 內政部、法務部）
延長很長一段時間，但不清楚延長的理由是什麼。 placement of a child victim of sexual exploitation or sexual abuse can be
此外，委員會關切在性虐待受害兒少作證指控犯罪 extended for a long period of time while it is not clear what the grounds
嫌疑人的司法（刑事）程序中，相關保護措施並不 for the extension are. Furthermore, the Review Committee is concerned
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總是完全符合國際人權標準及建議。 that the protection of a child victim of sexual abuse as a witness in a
judicial (criminal) proceedings against the alleged perpetrator is not
always in full compliance with international human rights standards and
recommendations.
93 委員會建議政府以法律明定延長性剝削或性虐待 The Review Committee recommends that the Government specify by law
受害兒少緊急安置的理由，並於必要時審查及修正 the grounds for the extension of an emergency placement of a child
保護受害兒少於司法程序作證的現行規定，以符合 victim of sexual exploitation or sexual abuse, and that it review and
amend, where necessary, the existing provisions on the protection of child
《關於買賣兒童、兒童賣淫和兒童色情問題任擇議
victims as witnesses in judicial proceedings in order to comply with the
定書》第 8 條及聯合國經濟及社會理事會關於兒童 rules set in article 8 Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child
被害人兼證人之司法問題的第 2005/20 號決議。 Prostitution and Child Pornography and the recommendations in
Resolution 2005/20 of the UN Economic and Social Council on Justice in
Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime.
拘留條件（第 37 條） Conditions of detention (art. 37)
94 委員會對被剝奪自由的兒少遭受不當對待的報告 The Review Committee is concerned by reports of the mistreatment of 1. 法務部
感到關切，並建議政府採取有效措施，以確保： children while deprived of their liberty and recommends that the 2. 內政部
Government take effective measures to ensure:
（1）完全遵守公約第 37 條和《聯合國保護被剝奪
(a) full compliance with article 37 of the Convention and the UN Rules
自由少年規則》（
《哈瓦那規則》）； on the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty;
（2）教育所有與被剝奪自由兒少工作者是類兒少 (b) that all staff working with children deprived of their liberty are
應有的權利；以及 informed about the rights of such children; and
（3）充分調查所有被剝奪自由兒少遭受不當對待 (c) that all allegations of mistreatment of children deprived of their
之指控。 liberty are fully investigated.
少年司法（第 40 條） Juvenile justice (art. 40)
95 委員會表達讚賞並注意到政府為防止少年犯罪所 The Review Committee notes with appreciation the measures taken by 司法院
採取的措施，並根據《少年事件處理法》建立結構 the Government to prevent juvenile delinquency and the establishment,
32
點 結論性意見內容(中文參考翻譯，請確認)
權責機關
次
中文 英文
良好的少年司法體系。然而委員會關切的是： based on the Juvenile Delinquency Act, of a well-structured juvenile
（1）《少年事件處理法》使用不同的年齡限制和 justice system. However, the Review Committee is concerned with:
(a) the use of different age limits and categories in the Juvenile
類別，導致少年（犯罪）司法統計數據出現
Delinquency Act which lead to the appearance of children aged 7 to
7-12 歲 的 兒 童 ， 且 因 最 低 刑 事 責 任 年 齡 12 in the juvenile (criminal) justice statistics, and the lack of clarity
（MACR）為 14 歲，使 12 歲和 13 歲的少年 regarding children aged 12 and 13 due to the fact that the minimum
不明確； age of criminal responsibility (MACR) is set at 14;
（2）將兒少偏差行為視為犯罪，使其在刑法中成 (b) criminalizing problematic behaviour of children by including such
為虞犯，並且； behaviour in the criminal law as status offences; and
(c) the de facto lack of legal or other assistance to children and juveniles
（3）事實上，在整個少年司法程序中缺乏對違法 in conflict with the criminal law throughout the juvenile justice
兒少的法律或其他協助，因為在大多數情況 proceedings, due to the fact that legal assistance has to be paid for in
下都需要支付法律扶助費用。 most instances.
96 根據聯合國兒童權利委員會第 10 號一般性意見， In light of the CRC Committee’s General Comment No 10 on Children’s 1. 司法院
有關司法兒少之權利，委員會建議政府將少年司法 Rights in Juvenile Justice, the Review Committee recommends that the 2. 衛 福 部 （ 保 護
系統與《CRC》及其他相關標準充分一致。委員會 Government bring the juvenile justice system fully into line with the CRC
and other relevant standards. In particular, the Review Committee 司）
特別建議政府：
recommends that the Government:
（1）依《兒童及少年福利與權益保障法》 、而非《少 (a) deal with children below the age of 14 who have been alleged as,
年事件處理法》處理 14 歲以下遭控觸犯刑法 accused of or recognized as having infringed the criminal law, under
的兒少，並通過必要的立法程序讓其生效； the Protection of Children and Youth Welfare and Rights Act and not
（2）廢除虞犯，並透過《兒童及少年福利與權益 under the Juvenile Delinquency Act, and undertake the necessary
保障法》提供有偏差行為之兒童必要的支持 legislative and other measures to that effect;
(b) abolish status offences and provide children with problematic
與保護；
behaviour with the necessary support and protection in the context of
（3）確保觸犯刑法之兒少自一開始並於所有法律 the Protection of Children and Youth Welfare and Rights Act;
程序中，均獲得合格和獨立的法律扶助； (c) ensure the provision of qualified and independent legal aid to
33
點 結論性意見內容(中文參考翻譯，請確認)
權責機關
次
中文 英文
（4）依法律規定，由法院/法官定期檢視審前拘 children in conflict with the criminal law from the beginning, and
留，頻率以兩週一次為佳，以確保審前拘留 throughout the legal proceedings;
(d) require by law that pre-trial detention is reviewed regularly by a
不會超過必要時間；
court/judge, preferably every two weeks, in order to ensure that
（5）確保剝奪自由之刑罰為最後手段。 pre-trial detention does not last any longer than is strictly necessary;
and
(e) ensure that sentences involving deprivation of liberty are a measure
of last resort.
97 委 員 會 注 意到少年司法 體 系缺乏 修復式正義機 The Review Committee notes that no restorative justice mechanism is in 司法院
制，且轉向措施有限。委員會建議政府探討引進修 place within the juvenile justice system and there are limited diversionary
復式正義措施的可能性，並於法庭訴訟前落實轉向 measures. The Review Committee recommends that the Government
explore the possibility of introducing restorative justice measures and
措施。
promote genuine diversionary measures which occur before court
proceedings.
十、宣傳 J. Dissemination
98 委員會建議以國內各種語言廣為宣傳首次國家報 The Review Committee recommends that the initial report, the written 衛福部（社家署）
告、問題清單書面回應及本結論性意見。 replies to the list of issues and the present concluding observations be
made widely available in the languages of the country.
34
附件 2
優先檢視法規辦理進度說明
《兒童權利公約施行法》於 103 年 11 月 20 日施行，依該法第 9 條規定略以，
各級政府機關應依公約規定之內容，就其所主管之法規及行政措施於施行後一年
內提出優先檢視清單，有不符公約規定者，應於施行後三年內完成法規之增修或
廢止及行政措施之改進。
政府業於 104 年 11 月 18 日召開記者會發布 CRC 優先檢視法規清單
（7 類/13
部/18 條），其中《廣播電視法》第 21 條擴大保護對象至少年，及《十二年國民
基本教育課程審議會組成及運作要點》第 7 點納入兒少代表參與審議之規定，已
完成修法；陳報行政院審查案件其餘法規進度說明如下表。
本部規劃於今（107）年上半年召開諮詢會議，針對尚未完成之 16 條法規逐
條審議，審議結果將結果提報行政院兒童及少年福利與權益推動小組審查確認，
並於下半年辦理成果發表會。
1
序號 法規名稱及條次 涉《CRC》條文 主管機關 進度 說明
民事類
法務部於 100 年擬具修正草案，將男女最低訂、結婚年齡分別修
1 《民法》第 973 條 正為 17 歲及 18 歲，惟於審查時因委員有不同意見，暫時不審。
第 1 條、第 2 條 法務部 暫不修正 法務部復於 103 年召開研修會議，因本案涉及民法親屬編有關結
婚效力之規定，並應一併考量刑法妨害性自主罪之年齡規定，涉
2 《民法》第 980 條
及層面甚廣，為求審慎，暫不提出修正草案。
刑事類
司法院已彙整各法院及民間團體意見，完成部分條文修正草案初
3 《少年事件處理法》第 3 條 第 40 條 司法院 修法作業中 稿，並於 106 年 9 月 30 日函請行政院表示意見。
第 1 條、第 3 條、 法務部業召開會議研商，與會之學者專家及機關代表認本案無修法
4 《刑法》第 286 條 法務部 暫不修正
第 6 條、第 19 條 必要，於凝聚共識前，暫不提出修正草案。
國籍類
5 《入出國及移民法》第 23 條
有關《入出國及移民法》部分條文修正草案，內政部業於 107 年
6 《入出國及移民法》第 24 條 1 月 11 日奉行政院指示，將移民政策與入出境管理脫鉤處理並單
7 《入出國及移民法》第 31 條 內政部 修法作業中 獨立法，後續將配合政策指示辦理修法事宜。
第9條 另有關《入出國及移民法》第 24 條及 32 條研修事宜，俟配合指
8 《入出國及移民法》第 32 條
示，納入後續新增修正條文。
9 《入出國及移民法》第 33 條
《外國護照簽證條例施行細
10 外交部 不予修正 經外交部研議，認無違反聯合國兒童權利公約之虞。
則》第 13 條第 1 項
兩岸類
《臺灣地區與大陸地區人民 第 2 條、第 3 條、 行 政 院 大 案經行政院於 105 年 11 月 17 日召開會議審查通過，已於 105 年 11
11 修法作業中 月 18 日函送立法院審議，目前已交付內政委員會審查中。
關係條例》第 65 條 第 9 條、第 21 條 陸委員會
內政部初步研議，有關未取得在臺灣地區設有戶籍之未成年子女
《大陸地區人民在臺灣地區
第 3 條、第 9 條、 權利義務之行使或負擔之大陸地區人民，於離婚後如果要入境探
依親居留長期居留或定居許
12 第 12 條、第 18 內政部 研議中 視子女，可以探親方式入境，並未阻隔其家庭團聚或行使會面交
可辦法》第 14 條第 2 項及第 3
條 往權。另居留須有條件，和入境權利亦未必等同。
項
惟為配合落實推動兒童權利施行法，內政部將邀集相關單位及人
2
序號 法規名稱及條次 涉《CRC》條文 主管機關 進度 說明
員研議修正相涉法規。
傳播類
業於 105 年 1 月 6 日發布《廣播電視法》第 21 條修正：
廣播、電視節目內容，不得有下列情形之一：
13 《廣播電視法》第 21 條 完成修法 一、違反法律強制或禁止規定。
國家通訊 二、妨害兒童或少年身心健康。
第 1 條、第 17 條 傳 播 委 員 三、妨害公共秩序或善良風俗。
《廣播電視法》修正草案第 34 不予修正 國家通訊傳播委員會認為本案對於兒童與少年自大眾傳播媒體獲得
14 會
條之 1 適當資訊之權益保障已屬周全，建議維持原條文內容。
《衛星廣播電視法》修正草案 不予修正 國家通訊傳播委員會認為《電視節目分級處理辦法》已充分保障未
15 第 28 條 滿 18 歲少年與兒童之視聽權益，建議維持原條文內容。
社福類
課程綱要雖涉及學生權益，惟課程綱要之研訂及規劃係屬高度課
程及學科專業性事項，爰仍暫不宜於課程綱要擬訂單位研議課程
綱要階段即納入學生代表；惟為重視學生表意權，教育部業修正
教育部（目 發布《高級中等以下學校課程審議會組成及運作辦法》，將具學
《兒童及少年福利與權益保 第 12 條、第 31
16 的 事 業 主 修法作業中 生代表者納入高級中等以下學校課程審議會之委員。
障法》第 41 條 條
管機關） 衛生福利部（社會及家庭署）業於 106 年 5 月 22 日召開修法研
商會議，決議修正《兒童及少年福利與權益保障法》第 41 條，
將高級中等以下學校學生每週學習及輔導課節數、課程綱要審議
應有學生代表參與等事宜納入規範，續將辦理修法作業。
教育類
教育部業於 105 年 6 月 1 日修正公布《高級中等教育法》，第 43
條之 1 明定教育部為審議課程綱要須設課程審議會（以下簡稱課
《十二年國民基本教育課程 審會），課審會分審議大會及分組審議會。審議大會之具非政府
17 審議會組成及運作要點》第 7 第 12 條 教育部 完成修法 機關代表身分之委員包括學生代表。
點 為進一步具體落實上開《高級中等教育法》所定課審會納入學生
代表之立法意旨及精神，教育部隨即進行《高級中等以下學校課
程審議會組成及運作辦法》（以下簡稱課審會辦法）之研修，並
3
序號 法規名稱及條次 涉《CRC》條文 主管機關 進度 說明
於 105 年 7 月 20 日完成修正發布，自 105 年 7 月 15 日施行。根
據前開課審會辦法規定，各分組審議會之組成成員亦均納入學生
代表各 3 人至 2 人。
教育部業委託國立臺北教育大學於 106 年 5 月至 107 年 1 月辦理「修
《校園霸凌防制準則》第 12 正校園霸凌防制準則暨研擬校園霸凌防制條例」計畫，其中「校園
18 第 19 條 修法作業中
條 霸凌防制準則修正（草案）」規劃於 107 年 1 月底完成後，依行政機
關法制作業程序，提交教育部法規會審查。
4
資料來源:CRC 兒童權利公約資訊網 · 轉換工具:pdftotext -layout -enc UTF-8 · doc_id: E2A6AF87-1AEC-47FF-90FC-7B289D3B0234