聯合國文書
工商業與人權國家行動計畫的兒童權利
📑 目錄(164 個章節)
- 34_20240703164850_1433574.pdf
- 3.1
- 3.2.
- 3.3.
- 3.4.
- 3.5.
- 3.6.
- 3.7.
- 3.8.
- 3.9.
- 3.10.
- 1.1,
- 1.2,
- 2.2
- 1.1
- 1.2
- 1.5,
- 3.1,
- 3.2
- 1.4
- 2.2
- 1.4,
- 3.2,
- 3.3
- 3.2
- 3.4
- 3.3
- 1.1,
- 1.2,
- 2.2
- 3.1
- 8.1
- 10.1
- 3.4,
- 4.1,
- 4.2,
- 6.1
- 1.5,
- 3.1,
- 3.3,
- 5.1
- 1.5,
- 2.1,
- 3.1,
- 3.3,
- 3.4
- 3.2.
- 1.5,
- 1.6,
- 3.1,
- 9.1
- 1.5,
- 1.6,
- 3.1,
- 9.1
- 1.5,
- 1.6,
- 3.1,
- 9.1
- 1.5,
- 1.6,
- 3.1,
- 9.1
- 1.5,
- 1.6,
- 3.1,
- 9.1
- 1.5,
- 1.6,
- 3.1,
- 9.1
- 1.5,
- 1.6,
- 3.1,
- 9.1
- 3.3.
- 1.5,
- 1.6,
- 3.1,
- 9.1
來源 PDF: 34_20240703164850_1433574.pdf
Children’s
Rights
in
National
Action
Plans
(NAPs)
on
Business
and
Human
Rights
A
thematic
supplement
to
‘National
Action
Plans
on
Business
and
Human
Rights:
A
Toolkit
for
the
Development,
Implementation,
and
Review
of
State
Commitments
to
Business
and
Human
Rights
Frameworks’
The
Danish
Institute
for
Human
Rights
(DIHR)
is
Denmark’s
national
human
rights
institution.
Its
mandate
is
to
promote
and
protect
human
rights
and
equal
treatment
in
Denmark
and
abroad.
The
Human
Rights
and
Business
Department
is
a
specialized
unit
within
DIHR
focusing
on
the
role
of
the
private
sector
in
respecting
human
rights.
The
International
Corporate
Accountability
Roundtable
(ICAR)
is
a
coalition
of
human
rights,
environmental,
labor,
and
development
organizations
that
creates,
promotes,
and
defends
legal
frameworks
to
ensure
corporations
respect
human
rights
in
their
global
operations.
The
United
Nations
Children’s
Fund
–
UNICEF
–
works
in
more
than
190
countries
and
territories
to
help
children
survive
and
thrive,
from
early
childhood
through
adolescence.
UNICEF
is
guided
by
the
Convention
on
the
Rights
of
the
Child
and
strives
to
establish
children’s
rights
as
enduring
ethical
principles
and
international
standards
of
behaviour
towards
children.
Report Authors
Cathrine
Bloch
Poulsen-‐Hansen
Programme
Manager,
DIHR
cph@humanrights.dk
Sara
Blackwell
Legal
and
Policy
Coordinator,
ICAR
sara@accountabilityroundtable.org
Patrick
Geary
Corporate
Social
Responsibility
Specialist,
UNICEF
pgeary@unicef.org
Cover
Photo:
©
UNICEF/NYHQ2015-‐1785/Rich
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
........................................................................................................................
2
ABOUT
THIS
GUIDANCE
...........................................................................................................
3
I.
CHILDREN’S
RIGHTS
IN
NAP
PROCESSES
..............................................................................
4
Engaging
with
children’s
rights
stakeholders
........................................................................
4
Engaging
with
children
..........................................................................................................
4
Considering
children’s
rights
.................................................................................................
5
The
Children’s
Rights
NAP
Checklist
......................................................................................
6
II.
CHILDREN’S
RIGHTS
IN
NAP
CONTENT
................................................................................
7
1.
LEGAL
AND
POLICY
FRAMEWORK
....................................................................................
8
2.
INITIATIVES
AND
RESPONSES
ON
CHILDREN’S
RIGHTS
...................................................
9
3.
IMPLEMENTATION
AREAS
..............................................................................................
10
3.1
General
measures
.......................................................................................................
10
3.2.
Child
labour/young
workers
......................................................................................
11
3.3.
Decent
work
for
parents/caregivers
..........................................................................
12
3.4.
Trafficking
and
commercial
sexual
exploitation
........................................................
13
3.5.
Product
safety
............................................................................................................
14
3.6.
Marketing
and
advertising
.........................................................................................
14
3.7.
Media
.........................................................................................................................
16
3.8.
Security
......................................................................................................................
17
3.9.
Conflict
zones
and
situations
of
emergency
..............................................................
17
3.10.
Remedies
.................................................................................................................
18
4.
CONTEXT
.........................................................................................................................
19
ENDNOTES
..............................................................................................................................
20
INTRODUCTION
Children
are
one
third
of
the
world’s
population
and
play
a
significant
and
growing
role
in
the
global
economy.
Children
interact
with
businesses
every
day,
whether
as
workers
in
their
factories
and
fields,
consumers
of
their
goods
and
services,
members
of
communities
in
which
they
operate,
or
family
members
of
their
employees.
At
the
same
time,
childhood
is
marked
by
progressive
stages
of
development
that
leave
children
far
more
susceptible
to
negative
business
impact
than
adults.
Yet,
despite
this
vulnerability,
businesses
rarely
involve
or
seek
the
input
of
the
children
they
affect,
and
children
face
many
legal,
practical,
and
cultural
barriers
to
having
their
voices
heard.
Indeed,
in
the
words
of
the
former
Special
Representative
of
the
United
Nations
Secretary-‐General
on
Business
and
Human
Rights,
Professor
John
Ruggie,
“Children
are
among
the
most
marginalized
and
vulnerable
members
of
society
and
can
be
disproportionately,
severely,
and
permanently
impacted
by
business
activities,
operations,
and
relationships.”1
While
the
United
Nations
Guiding
Principles
on
Business
and
Human
Rights
(UNGPs)
are
not
structured
around
specific
human
rights,
industry
sectors,
types
of
impact,
or
categories
of
rights
holders,
they
explicitly
call
for
implementation
“in
a
non-‐discriminatory
manner,
with
particular
attention
to
the
rights
and
needs
of,
as
well
as
the
challenges
faced
by,
individuals
from
groups
or
populations
that
may
be
at
heightened
risk
of
becoming
vulnerable
or
marginalized.”2
Thus,
there
is
a
clear
imperative
for
National
Action
Plans
(NAPs)
on
business
and
human
rights
and
similar
policies
to
analyse
and
identify
the
relevance
and
application
of
the
UNGPs
to
children.
Children’s
rights
should
be
given
special
and
specific
consideration,
both
within
the
substantive
framework
of
a
NAP
and
in
the
process
through
which
the
NAP
is
developed.
Highlighting
issues
relevant
to
children
not
only
makes
NAPs
more
visible
to
all
sectors
of
society,
but
also
contributes
to
their
greater
accessibility,
legitimacy,
integrity,
and
overall
quality.
This
work
can
be
guided
by,
among
other
instruments,
the
Convention
on
the
Rights
of
the
Child
(CRC)
and
the
Committee
on
the
Rights
of
the
Child’s
General
Comment
No.
16
on
children’s
rights
and
business
(GC16).
The
CRC
enshrines
a
comprehensive
set
of
civil,
political,
economic,
and
social
rights
for
all
children,
and
GC16
sets
out
how
these
rights
are
relevant
to
the
business
sector.
Along
with
voluntary
initiatives
such
as
the
Children’s
Rights
and
Business
Principles,3
the
CRC
and
GC16
provide
a
broad
policy
base
for
the
incorporation
of
children’s
rights
into
NAPs
and
other
processes
to
implement
the
UNGPs.
2
ABOUT
THIS
GUIDANCE
This
report
provides
guidance
on
how
children’s
rights
can
be
addressed
in
NAPs
on
business
and
human
rights
and
other
similar
policies.
It
complements
the
existing
“NAPs
Toolkit”
by
the
International
Corporate
Accountability
Roundtable
(ICAR)
and
the
Danish
Institute
for
Human
Rights
(DIHR).4
Both
ICAR
and
DIHR
have
partnered
with
UNICEF
to
develop
this
guidance,
which
outlines
how
children’s
rights
should
be
considered
in
the
process
of
developing
NAPs
and
what
the
content
of
focus
should
be
when
setting
priorities
for
action
on
children’s
rights.
This
document
contains
two
application
tools:
Children’s
Rights
National
Children’s
Rights
NAP
Baseline
Assessment
Checklist
(NBA)
Template
For
the
content
of
NAPs,
this
guidance
provides
a
supplemental
'Children’s
Rights
This
guidance
provides
a
National
Baseline
Assessment
'Children’s
Rights
NAP
Checklist'
(NBA)
Template'
to
assess
the
to
assess
the
incorporation
of
status
of
children’s
rights
and
children’s
rights
into
the
process
business,
uncover
gaps
in
UNGPs
of
developing
a
NAP.
implementation
with
respect
to
children,
and
establish
priorities
for
action
on
children’s
rights.
The
Children’s
Rights
NAP
Checklist
and
Children’s
Rights
NBA
Template
are
to
be
used
in
conjunction
with
the
ICAR-‐DIHR
NAPs
Toolkit
to
develop,
evaluate,
and
revise
NAPs.
By
following
this
guidance,
greater
and
more
effective
implementation
of
the
UNGPs
with
respect
to
children
can
be
ensured.
3
I.
CHILDREN’S
RIGHTS
IN
NAP
PROCESSES
It
is
essential
that
States
involve
children’s
rights
stakeholders
in
the
development
of
NAPs
to
effectively
address
issues
and
concerns
relevant
to
children’s
rights
and
business.5
Many
children’s
rights
stakeholders
are
within
government,
often
as
children’s
ombudspersons
or
commissioners
and
in
ministries
for
youth,
family,
social
affairs,
heath,
or
education.
Children’s
rights
stakeholders
can
also
include
children’s
parliaments,
youth
organizations,
civil
society,
international
organizations,
academic
experts,
parents/caregivers,
labour
organizations,
community
leaders,
professionals
in
contact
with
children,
and
children
themselves.
Engaging
with
children’s
rights
stakeholders
Engaging
with
children’s
rights
stakeholders
not
only
helps
to
identify
specific
risks
and
opportunities,
but
also
gives
a
range
of
perspectives
on
broader
human
rights
and
business
issues.
Consulting
children’s
rights
stakeholders
enables
States
to:
• Listen
to
and
incorporate
children’s
opinions,
views,
experiences,
and
information
in
the
NAP
process;
• Understand
links
between
children’s
rights
and
the
wider
business
and
human
rights
context;
• Gain
insight
on
how
to
better
address
concerns
related
to
children’s
rights
and
business
in
the
NAP’s
content;
• Build
solid
foundations
for
ongoing
consultations
and
relationships
with
citizens
and
communities
during
NAP
implementation,
evaluation,
and
revision;
• Demonstrate
respect
for
children
as
stakeholders
and
show
commitment
to
taking
children’s
views
and
interests
seriously
in
the
NAP.
Engaging
with
children
States
should
consider
directly
engaging
children
in
the
NAP
process.
Under
the
CRC,
all
children
capable
of
forming
their
own
views
should
be
able
to
express
themselves
freely
and
have
their
views
taken
into
account
in
line
with
their
age
and
maturity.6
States
are
responsible
for
supporting
and
encouraging
children
to
express
their
views,
and
doing
so
promises
to
make
NAPs
more
relevant,
effective,
and
sustainable.7
Any
consultation
with
children
should
be:
• Ethical
–
undertaken
by
experts
with
an
understanding
of
child
rights
and
child
protection
issues;
• Sincere
–
following
a
clear,
articulated
vision
that
defines
the
objectives
of
and
benefits
to
government
and
children
alike;
• Complete
–
with
adequate
resources,
time,
and
organizational
capacity
devoted
to
ensuring
children’s
successful
involvement.
4
It
is
important
to
note
that,
much
like
adults,
children
are
not
homogenous.
Children
with
certain
characteristics
may
be
affected
differently
by
business
activity,
and
States
should
include
the
perspectives
of
groups
of
children
based
on
gender,
age,
socio-‐economic
status,
location
(urban
versus
rural),
disability,
nationality,
ethnicity,
religion,
language,
and
any
other
identifiable
groups
that
might
be
at
risk.
Considering
children’s
rights
Children’s
rights
stakeholders
must
be
involved
early
on
in
the
NBA
and
NAP
processes
and
remain
part
of
the
processes
until
completion.
This
provides
an
opportunity
for
stakeholders
and
the
government
to
jointly
identify
and
prioritize
key
action
issues
on
children’s
rights
and
business.
Consultation
findings
and
information
about
NBAs
and
NAPs
should
be
published
in
accessible,
user-‐friendly
ways
and
make
clear
how
the
input
of
children’s
rights
stakeholders
was
considered.
Children’s
rights
stakeholders
must
also
be
included
in
efforts
to
monitor
the
implementation
of
the
NAP
and
any
future
plans
to
revise
or
revisit
commitments
on
human
rights
and
business.
The
Children’s
Rights
NAP
Checklist
The
Children’s
Rights
NAP
Checklist
on
the
next
page
summarizes
how
States
can
ensure
that
children’s
concerns
and
opinions
are
adequately
taken
into
account
as
States
begin
the
process
of
developing,
evaluating,
or
revising
a
NAP.
It
is
designed
for
use
in
concert
with
the
NAP
Checklist
found
in
Annex
5
of
the
ICAR-‐DIHR
NAPs
Toolkit.
5
TABLE
1:
CHILDREN’S
RIGHTS
IN
NAPS
CHECKLIST
Governance
• Ensure
that
government
bodies
with
a
remit
addressing
children’s
rights
are
included
in
the
NAP
process.
Resources
• Allocate
adequate
resources
for
the
consultation
of
children’s
rights
stakeholders
and,
where
appropriate,
children.
Stakeholder
Mapping
• Seek
out
children’s
rights
stakeholders
as
part
of
a
wider
stakeholder
mapping.
Participation
• Facilitate
the
participation
of
children’s
rights
stakeholders,
including
those
who
represent
disempowered
or
at-‐risk
groups
of
children.
National
Baseline
Assessment
• Incorporate
and
address
children’s
rights
issues
in
the
NBA
by
fully
involving
children’s
rights
stakeholders
in
the
development
and
completion
of
the
NBA,
and
integrate
the
results
of
the
Children's
Rights
NBA
Template
included
in
this
guidance
into
the
overall
NBA
process.
Scope
• Address
international
and
regional
standards
on
children’s
rights,
including
the
Convention
on
the
Rights
of
the
Child.
Content
• Include
a
statement
of
commitment
to
implementing
the
UNGPs
with
respect
to
children,
and
ensure
that
all
commitments
relating
to
children's
rights
are
speciOic,
achievable,
measurable,
relevant,
and
time-‐
speciOic.
Priorities
• Prioritize
the
most
serious
business-‐related
children’s
rights
abuses
for
action.
Transparency
• Publish
information
about
the
NBA
and
NAP
in
an
accessible,
easy-‐to-‐understand
format,
ensuring
that
any
children
and/or
children’s
rights
stakeholders
consulted
understand
how
their
input
was
taken
into
account.
Follow-‐up
• Include
children’s
rights
stakeholders
in
the
framework
for
monitoring
and
reporting
on
implementation
of
the
NAP.
6
II.
CHILDREN’S
RIGHTS
IN
NAP
CONTENT
In
undertaking
NBAs
and
preparing
NAPs,
States
should
analyse
and
evaluate
specific
measures
to
guarantee
respect
for
children’s
rights
in
their
own
economic
dealings,
to
protect
children’s
rights
from
interference
by
business
enterprises,
and
to
ensure
that
children
have
access
to
effective
remedies
where
their
rights
have
been
violated.
States
can
do
this
within
the
framework
of
the
UNGPs
and
facilitate
the
meaningful
participation
of
children’s
rights
stakeholders
in
the
NAP
development
process.
In
this
context,
State
commitments
to
children’s
rights
must
be
holistic
and
universal,
looking
at
the
full
range
of
ways
in
which
children
are
affected
by
business
activities,
operations
and
relationships
as
set
out
in
the
CRC,
GC16,
the
Children’s
Rights
and
Business
Principles,8
and
other
relevant
international
standards
and
initiatives.
The
‘Children’s
Rights
National
Baseline
Assessment
(NBA)
Template’
can
be
used
to
determine
how
children’s
rights
are
considered
as
part
of
a
State’s
legal
and
policy
framework
on
business
and
human
rights
and
within
the
wider
national,
regional,
and
international
contexts.
It
is
designed
for
use
in
concert
with
the
full
NBA
Template
found
in
Annex
4
of
the
ICAR-‐DIHR
NAPs
Toolkit.
The
Children’s
Rights
NBA
Template
below
highlights
key
areas
of
implementation
for
children’s
rights
and
business,
drawing
out
issues
likely
to
be
of
particular
salience.
While
the
full
NBA
Template
endeavours
to
be
comprehensive
in
its
approach,
other
issues
will
undoubtedly
be
relevant
to
children’s
rights
and
business.
As
above,
children’s
rights
should
be
considered
separately
and
specifically
wherever
relevant
in
the
context
of
business
and
human
rights.
Overview
of
guidance
2.
INITIATIVES
AND
1.
LEGAL
AND
POLICY
RESPONSES
ON
3.
IMPLEMENTATION
FRAMEWORK
AREAS
4.
CONTEXT
CHILDREN’S
RIGHTS
•This
section
gathers
•This
section
gathers
•This
section
gathers
•This
section
gathers
information
on
the
information
on
information
on
key
information
on
the
extent
to
which
the
domestic
initiatives
areas
of
children's
local
context
through
government
has
in
and
responses
on
rights
international
and
local
place
a
legal
and
children's
rights
in
a
implementation.
This
sources.
governance
business
context.
includes
areas
such
as
framework
on
child
labour,
decent
children's
rights.
work
for
parents
and
caregivers,
product
safety
and
marketing,
and
security
and
conOlict.
7
TABLE
2:
CHILDREN’S
RIGHTS
NATIONAL
BASELINE
ASSESSMENT
(NBA)
TEMPLATE
1.
LEGAL
AND
POLICY
FRAMEWORK
INTERNATIONAL
Has
the
government
signed
and
ratified
relevant
international
children’s
rights
STANDARDS
legal
instruments,
such
as:
• Convention
on
the
Rights
of
the
Child
• Optional
Protocol
to
the
Convention
on
the
Rights
of
the
Child
on
the
involvement
of
children
in
armed
conflict
• Optional
Protocol
to
the
Convention
on
the
Rights
of
the
Child
on
the
sale
of
children,
child
prostitution
and
child
pornography
• Optional
Protocol
to
the
Convention
on
the
Rights
of
the
Child
on
a
communications
procedure
• International
Labour
Organization
(ILO)
Convention
No.
138
on
the
Minimum
Age
for
Admission
to
Employment
• ILO
Convention
No.
182
on
the
Worst
Forms
of
Child
Labour
Most
relevant
to
Sections
1.1,
1.2,
and
2.2
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
REGIONAL
STANDARDS
Has
the
government
signed
and
ratified
relevant
regional
human
rights
instruments,
such
as:
• African
Charter
on
the
Rights
and
Welfare
of
the
Child
• European
Convention
on
the
Exercise
of
Children’s
Rights
• Council
of
Europe
Convention
on
the
Protection
of
Children
against
Sexual
Exploitation
and
Sexual
Abuse
Most
relevant
to
Section
1.1
and
1.2
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
NATIONAL
STANDARDS
What,
if
any,
are
the
overarching
national
laws
and
policies
on
children’s
rights
(e.g.,
an
act
incorporating
the
CRC
into
national
law)?
Most
relevant
to
Sections
1.5,
3.1,
and
3.2
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
OTHER
STANDARDS
What
other
relevant
children’s
rights
standards
and
initiatives
has
the
government
signed,
engaged
with
or
otherwise
endorsed,
such
as:
• CRC
General
Comment
No.
16
on
children’s
rights
and
business
• Children’s
Rights
and
Business
Principles
• ILO
Decent
Work
Initiative
• United
Nations
Global
Compact
Principles
on
Child
Labour
• UNICEF/International
Telecommunications
Union
(ITU)
Child
Online
Protection
Guidelines
for
Industry
• Code
of
Conduct
for
the
Protection
of
Children
from
Sexual
Exploitation
in
Travel
and
Tourism
• International
Code
of
Marketing
Breast-‐milk
Substitutes
Most
relevant
to
Sections
1.4
and
2.2
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
8
2.
INITIATIVES
AND
RESPONSES
ON
CHILDREN’S
RIGHTS
PUBLIC
SECTOR
What
projects
and
programs
has
the
government
undertaken
to
foster
the
INITIATIVES
promotion
and
protection
of
children’s
rights
with
respect
to
the
business
sector?
Most
relevant
to
Sections
1.4,
3.2,
and
3.3
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
NATIONAL
PRIORITIES
What
priorities
has
the
government
identified
in
national
children’s
rights
strategies,
including
on
the
recommended
role
of
businesses
(if
any)?
Most
relevant
to
Sections
3.2
and
3.4
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
COMPANY
INITIATIVES
What
high-‐level
business-‐led
projects
and
programs
aim
to
contribute
to
the
promotion
and
protection
of
children’s
rights
(if
any)?
Most
relevant
to
Section
3.3
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
ENGAGEMENT
WITH
With
which
(if
any)
regional
and
international
initiatives
on
business
and
REGIONAL
AND
children’s
rights
has
the
government
engaged
(e.g.,
UNICEF,
Save
the
Children
and
INTERNATIONAL
UNGC
Children’s
Rights
and
Business
Principles,
ILO
Decent
Work
Initiative,
UNGC
Principles
on
child
labour,
UNICEF-‐ITU
Child
Online
Protection
Guidelines,
Code
of
INITIATIVES
Conduct
for
the
Protection
of
Children
from
Sexual
Exploitation
in
Travel
and
Tourism,
International
Code
of
Marketing
Breast-‐milk
Substitutes)?
Most
relevant
to
Sections
1.1,
1.2,
and
2.2
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
9
3.
IMPLEMENTATION
AREAS
3.1
General
measures
POLICY
COMMITMENT
Has
an
overall
policy
commitment
been
made
to
implementing
children’s
rights
with
respect
to
the
business
sector
by,
for
example,
endorsing
CRC
General
Comment
No.
16
and/or
the
Children’s
Rights
and
Business
Principles?
Most
relevant
to
Sections
8.1
and
10.1
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
DUE
DILIGENCE
To
what
extent
and
in
what
circumstances
are
businesses
required
or
expected
to
undertake
child
rights
due
diligence
or
to
consider
children’s
rights
as
part
of
wider
human
rights
due
diligence?
Most
relevant
to
Sections
3.4,
4.1,
4.2,
and
6.1
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
IMPACT
ASSESSMENTS
As
a
matter
of
law,
policy,
or
practice,
are
officials
and/or
lawmakers
required,
expected,
or
encouraged
to
conduct
child
rights
impact
assessments
or
otherwise
consider
children’s
rights
when
adopting
laws,
drafting
policies,
issuing
decrees
or
orders,
and/or
making
administrative
or
financial
decisions
that
relate
to
the
business
sector?
Most
relevant
to
Sections
1.5,
3.1,
3.3,
and
5.1
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
REPORTING
Are
companies
required
to
report
on
or
otherwise
disclose
information
about
their
impact
on
children’s
rights,
either
in
general
or
with
regard
to
certain
issues
or
contexts?
Most
relevant
to
Sections
1.5,
2.1,
3.1,
3.3,
and
3.4
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
PUBLIC
FINANCE/
What
requirements,
expectations,
or
guidelines
are
in
place
for
officials
to
PROCUREMENT/
consider
impact
on
children’s
rights
in
engaging
in
commercial
relations
or
PRIVATIZATION
supporting
or
investing
in
business
activity
with
public
funds
(e.g.,
public
procurement,
export
credit,
trade
missions,
and
State
pension/sovereign
wealth
funds)?
When
involving
the
private
sector
in
the
provision
of
essential
services
for
children
(e.g.,
health,
education,
and
alternative
care),
what
legal
and
administrative
frameworks
ensure
the
ongoing
accessibility,
affordability,
equity,
and
quality
of
services
provided?
Most
relevant
to
all
sections
under
Guiding
Principles
4,
5,
and
6
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
10
3.2.
Child
labour/young
workers
PROHIBITION
OF
CHILD
Is
there
a
clear
legal
prohibition
of
child
labour,
including
the
worst
forms?
LABOUR
Most
relevant
to
Sections
1.5,
1.6,
3.1,
and
9.1
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
EDUCATION
What
is
the
age
for
completion
of
compulsory
education,
if
any,
and
is
this
equal
to
the
minimum
age
for
admission
to
employment?
To
what
extent
is
a
free,
accessible,
and
quality
public
education
system
available
for
all
children?
Most
relevant
to
Sections
1.5,
1.6,
3.1,
and
9.1
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
BIRTH
REGISTRATION
What
are
the
requirements
and
expectations
on
birth
registration,
and
is
there
an
effective
registration
system
in
place
to
reach
all
children?
Most
relevant
to
Sections
1.5,
1.6,
3.1,
and
9.1
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
PROTECTION
OF
YOUNG
Are
there
clear
regulations
and
standards
on
working
conditions
for
the
lawful
WORKERS
employment
of
persons
under
age
18,
including
a
prohibition
on
the
use
of
any
form
of
violence,
including
physical
punishment?
Most
relevant
to
Sections
1.5,
1.6,
3.1,
and
9.1
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
SUPPLY
CHAINS
What
measures
are
businesses
required,
expected,
or
encouraged
to
undertake
to
ensure
the
absence
of
child
labour
in
their
global
supply
chains
(e.g.,
auditing,
disclosure)?
What
efforts
have
been
undertaken
to
raise
awareness
of
these
issues
within
the
business
community?
Most
relevant
to
Sections
1.5,
1.6,
3.1,
and
9.1
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
SECTORS/GROUPS
Which
sectors
of
the
economy
present
the
highest
risks
for
child
labour,
and
what
measures
have
been
taken
to
address
these
risks?
Are
particular
groups
of
children
(e.g.,
girls,
ethnic
minorities,
or
indigenous
children)
at
heightened
risk
of
exploitation?
What
measures
have
been
taken
to
address
child
labour
in
the
informal
economy?
Most
relevant
to
Sections
1.5,
1.6,
3.1,
and
9.1
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
11
MONITORING/
What
mechanisms
are
in
place
for
monitoring
child
labour
(e.g.,
inspectorates)?
ENFORCEMENT
How
can
children
raise
violations
of
their
right
to
be
protected
from
harmful
labour?
What
are
the
possible
sanctions,
including
criminal
penalties
that
can
be
imposed
on
businesses
found
to
be
using
child
labour?
What
services
are
available
to
assist
in
the
rehabilitation
and
reintegration
of
children
found
to
be
engaging
in
child
labour?
Most
relevant
to
Sections
1.5,
1.6,
3.1,
and
9.1
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
3.3.
Decent
work
for
parents/caregivers
LIVING
WAGE
What
is
the
lawful
minimum
wage,
if
any,
and
what
steps
have
been
taken
to
ensure
that
this
provides
a
living
wage
to
parents
and
caregivers?
Most
relevant
to
Sections
1.5,
1.6,
3.1,
and
9.1
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
FAMILY-‐FRIENDLY
How
are
the
needs
and
rights
of
parents
and
other
employees
with
childcare
EMPLOYMENT
responsibilities
contemplated
within
laws
and
policies
around
working
hours,
rest
periods,
and
holiday
entitlements?
Most
relevant
to
Sections
1.5,
1.6,
3.1,
and
9.1
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
BREASTFEEDING
What
accommodations
and
other
supportive
measures,
if
any,
must
employers
adopt
to
facilitate
breastfeeding
for
working
mothers?
Most
relevant
to
Sections
1.5,
1.6,
3.1,
and
9.1
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
PARENTAL
LEAVE
What
are
the
minimum
legal
entitlements
for
parental
leave,
both
paid
and
unpaid?
Most
relevant
to
Sections
1.5,
1.6,
3.1,
and
9.1
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
NON-‐DISCRIMINATION
Are
pregnant
women
and
nursing
mothers
explicitly
protected
against
discrimination
in
the
workplace?
Most
relevant
to
Sections
1.5,
1.6,
3.1,
and
9.1
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
12
ACCESS
TO
SERVICES
What
measures
are
taken
to
ensure
working
families’
access
to
appropriate,
affordable,
and
quality
childcare,
early
childhood
development
programmes,
and
other
relevant
community
services?
Most
relevant
to
Sections
1.5,
1.6,
3.1,
and
9.1
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
MONITORING/
What
mechanisms
are
in
place
for
monitoring
the
working
conditions
of
parents
ENFORCEMENT
and
caregivers
(e.g.,
inspectorates)?
How
can
parents
and
caregivers
raise
violations
of
their
rights?
Most
relevant
to
Sections
1.5,
1.6,
3.1,
and
9.1
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
3.4.
Trafficking
and
commercial
sexual
exploitation
PROHIBITION
Is
there
a
clear
criminal
prohibition
of
activities
related
to
child
trafficking,
the
sale
of
children,
the
use
of
children
in
prostitution
and
the
sale,
creation,
and
possession
of
child
pornography,
including
through
digital
and
online
media?
Does
criminal,
civil,
or
administrative
liability
for
these
actions
extend
to
legal
persons,
including
business
enterprises?
Most
relevant
to
Sections
1.5
and
7.4
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
EXTRATERRITORIALITY
Can
jurisdiction
be
asserted
over
offences
related
to
the
commercial
exploitation
of
children
committed
outside
territorial
boundaries
and,
if
so,
in
what
circumstances?
Most
relevant
to
Sections
1.5
and
2.1
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
NON-‐DISCRIMINATION
Do
laws,
policies
and
programs
related
to
child
trafficking
and
commercial
sexual
exploitation
apply
equally
to
girls
and
boys,
and
to
all
children
under
age
18?
Most
relevant
to
Section
1.6
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
PROTECTION
What
measures
are
taken
to
ensure
child
victims
of
trafficking
or
commercial
sexual
exploitation
are
not
viewed
or
treated
as
offenders?
Most
relevant
to
Section
1.6
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
13
REPARATIONS/
What
mechanisms
can
child
victims
of
sexual
exploitation
use
to
obtain
REHABILITATION
reparations
from
responsible
parties,
including
business
enterprises?
What
services
are
available
to
assist
in
the
rehabilitation
and
reintegration
of
child
victims
of
sexual
exploitation?
Most
relevant
to
Section
1.6
and
all
sections
under
Pillar
III
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
3.5.
Product
safety
PROTECTION
What
measures
(e.g.,
research
and
testing)
are
required
to
ensure
that
products
likely
to
be
used
or
consumed
by
children
do
not
pose
risks
to
children’s
health
or
safety?
To
what
extent
are
there
restrictions
on
children’s
access
to
harmful
products
on
the
public
marketplace,
recognizing
children’s
right
to
freedom
of
expression
and
information?
Most
relevant
to
Section
3.1
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
NON-‐DISCRIMINATION
What
protections
exist
to
prevent
discrimination
against
children
as
an
age
group
or
particular
groups
of
children
(e.g.,
ethnic
minorities
and
children
with
disabilities)
in
the
provision
of
products
and
services?
Most
relevant
to
Section
3.1
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
MONITORING/
What
body,
if
any,
is
responsible
for
ensuring
the
application
of
product
safety
ENFORCEMENT
and
liability
standards?
How
can
businesses
be
held
responsible
for
the
provision
of
unsafe
products?
To
what
extent
do
liability
standards
provide
children
and
their
families
with
effective
remedies
and
suitable
reparations
following
the
purchase
or
use
of
a
product
or
service
found
to
be
unsafe?
Most
relevant
to
Section
3.1
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
3.6.
Marketing
and
advertising
GENERAL
RESTRICTIONS
What,
if
any,
are
the
legal
restrictions
and
prohibitions
on
marketing
and
advertising
to
children?
Which
age
groups
are
addressed,
and
which
forms
of
marketing
and
advertising
are
covered?
Most
relevant
to
Section
3.1
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
14
HARMFUL
PRODUCTS
Have
targeted
measures
been
adopted
to
prohibit
or
restrict
the
marketing
and
advertising
of
harmful,
unhealthy
and
dangerous
products
and
services
to
children
(e.g.,
alcohol,
tobacco,
and
unhealthy
food/beverages)?
Are
there
clear
restrictions
on
the
marketing
of
breast-‐milk
substitute
to
the
general
public?
Most
relevant
to
Section
3.1
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
CHANNELS/LOCATIONS
Which
communication
channels,
including
digital
media,
and
physical
settings,
including
schools
and
other
places
where
children
are
likely
to
spend
time,
are
contemplated
in
restrictions
on
advertising
and
marketing
to
children?
Most
relevant
to
Section
3.1
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
TECHNIQUES
Are
there
restrictions
on
the
use
of
particular
techniques
that
may
appeal
to
children,
such
as
the
use
of
cartoon
characters?
Most
relevant
to
Section
3.1
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
CONSUMER
INFORMATION
Are
there
requirements
for
product
labelling
to
display
relevant
information
about
publicly
available
goods
and
services
in
a
clear,
truthful,
and
easy-‐to-‐understand
fashion
that
is
accessible
and
known
to
children
and
families?
Most
relevant
to
Section
3.1
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
USE
OF
CHILDREN
What
restrictions
and
protections
are
in
place
on
the
use
of
children
in
advertising
campaigns,
including
as
brand
ambassadors?
Most
relevant
to
Section
3.1
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
MONITORING/
What
body
is
responsible
for
monitoring
and
clearing
commercial
ENFORCEMENT
advertisements?
How
can
businesses
that
violate
advertising
and
marketing
standards
be
sanctioned?
Most
relevant
to
Section
3.1
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
15
3.7.
Media
PRIVACY
Do
children
have
a
recognized
right
to
privacy
under
the
law,
including
the
right
to
not
have
data
or
information
electronically
stored
or
made
publicly
available?
Are
media
outlets
prohibited
from
identifying
child
victims,
children
involved
in
court
proceedings,
or
children
in
otherwise
vulnerable
situations?
Most
relevant
to
Sections
1.5
and
3.1
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
ACCESS
What
measures
have
been
taken
to
ensure
that
all
children
have
access
to
digital
and
online
media
services
in
an
equitable,
non-‐discriminatory
manner?
Most
relevant
to
Sections
1.5
and
3.1
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
PROTECTION
Are
there
legal
frameworks
in
place
to
protect
children
from
exposure
to
material
that
is
harmful
to
their
well
being
while
recognizing
children’s
right
to
information
and
to
freedom
of
expression?
What
measures
have
been
taken
to
develop
and
promote
digital
literacy
for
children
and
families,
including
an
understanding
of
both
the
benefits
and
risks
of
online
activities?
Most
relevant
to
Sections
1.5
and
3.1
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
ONLINE
PROTECTION
What
legal
frameworks
exist,
including
under
criminal
law,
to
protect
children
from
online
exploitation
and
harassment?
What
mechanisms
are
available
for
reporting
and
removing
illegal
content
on
the
Internet?
How
have
safe
environments
on
the
Internet
for
children
been
cultivated
and
encouraged?
Most
relevant
to
Sections
1.5
and
3.1
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
16
3.8.
Security
RECRUITMENT
OF
Is
there
a
clear
prohibition
of
the
recruitment
and
use
of
children
by
public
and
CHILDREN
private
security
providers?
Most
relevant
to
Sections
1.4,
5.1,
and
7.2
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
SECURITY
To
what
extent
are
public
and
private
security
providers
required
to
consider
and
respect
children’s
rights
in
operations
and
activities
to
protect
business
interests?
Most
relevant
to
Sections
1.4,
5.1,
and
7.2
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
MONITORING/
What
sanctions
may
be
sought
against
businesses
that
use
or
recruit
children
in
ENFORCEMENT
the
provision
of
security?
Most
relevant
to
Sections
1.4,
5.1,
and
7.2
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
3.9.
Conflict
zones
and
situations
of
emergency
EMERGENCY
RESPONSE
When
businesses
are
invited
to
participate
in
emergency
response
efforts,
what
measures
are
undertaken
to
protect
against
violations
of
children’s
rights
including
forced
labour,
trafficking,
and
other
forms
of
exploitation?
Most
relevant
to
all
sections
under
Guiding
Principle
7
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
DUE
DILIGENCE
What,
if
any,
additional
measures
are
businesses
that
operate
in
conflict
zones,
emergencies
or
other
situations
of
high
risk
to
children’s
rights
required,
expected
or
encouraged
to
undertake
to
mitigate
potential
negative
impact?
Most
relevant
to
all
sections
under
Guiding
Principle
7
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
17
3.10.
Remedies
MECHANISMS
What
mechanisms
are
available
for
children
to
bring
complaints
about
business-‐related
violations
(e.g.,
courts,
national
human
rights
institutions
(NHRIs),
and
children’s
ombudspersons)?
Most
relevant
to
all
sections
under
Pillar
III
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
STANDING
Are
children
permitted
to
file
complaints
and
initiate
legal
proceedings
in
their
own
name
and
without
the
need
for
official
authorization
or
parental
approval?
Most
relevant
to
all
sections
under
Guiding
Principle
26
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
TIME
LIMITS
Are
deadlines
for
bringing
cases
related
to
rights
violations
that
occur
during
childhood
extended
so
that
time
periods
do
not
begin
running
until
children
reach
the
age
of
majority?
Most
relevant
to
Section
26.2
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
LEGAL
ASSISTANCE
To
what
extent
is
free
and
child-‐friendly
legal
advice
and
assistance
available
to
child
victims
of
business-‐related
violations
considering
remedial
options
or
wishing
to
pursue
a
complaint,
including
through
official
legal
aid
programs,
NHRIs,
NGOs,
university-‐based
legal
aid
clinics
and
pro
bono
arrangements?
Most
relevant
to
Sections
1.6
and
26.2
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
GROUP
LITIGATION
Are
collective
complaints,
class
action
lawsuits
and
other
forms
of
group
litigation
authorized
to
address
multiple
and
similar
violations
of
children’s
rights?
If
so,
does
this
require
the
identification
and
involvement
of
individual
children?
Most
relevant
to
all
sections
under
Guiding
Principle
26
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
RESOLUTION
To
what
extent
are
legal
proceedings
involving
children
prioritized
within
the
justice
system?
Most
relevant
to
all
sections
under
Guiding
Principle
26
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
18
4.
CONTEXT
For
this
section,
it
is
recommended
that
the
researcher
use:
• Country-‐specific
sources;
• The
children’s
rights
and
business
portal
on
the
Business
and
Human
Rights
Resource
Centre
website;
• Documentation,
reports
and
recommendations
of
the
Committee
on
the
Rights
of
the
Child
and
other
United
Nations
treaty
bodies;
• Information
provided
by
the
ILO
and
other
specialized
agencies;
• Universal
Periodic
Review
reports;
• International,
regional,
national
and
local
international
civil
society
reports;
• Media
reports.
INTERNATIONAL
What
recommendations
on
children’s
rights
and
business
have
the
Committee
MONITORING
on
the
Rights
of
the
Child,
other
United
Nations
treaty
bodies,
and
the
Universal
Periodic
Review
process
issued
to
the
government?
What
statistics,
information,
and
guidance
relevant
to
children’s
rights
and
business
in
the
national
context
have
been
produced
by
international
and
regional
organizations,
including
UNICEF
and
the
ILO?
Most
relevant
to
Sections
1.1,
1.2,
and
2.2
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
CIVIL
SOCIETY
What
campaigns
related
to
children’s
rights
and
business
in
the
national
context
have
been
launched?
What
relevant
information
has
been
published
by
local,
national,
regional,
and
international
civil
society
organizations
(e.g.,
Business
and
Human
Rights
Resource
Centre
–
Business
and
Children
Portal;
Child
Rights
International
Network)?
Most
relevant
to
Section
1.4
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
MEDIA
What
coverage
have
issues
relevant
to
children’s
rights
and
business
received
in
the
local,
national,
and
international
media?
Most
relevant
to
Section
1.3
of
the
full
NBA
Template.
Status/Gaps:
19
ENDNOTES
1
See
UNICEF,
SAVE
THE
CHILDREN,
AND
THE
UN
GLOBAL
COMPACT,
THE
CHILDREN’S
RIGHTS
AND
BUSINESS
PRINCIPLES
IN
TTCONTEXT
(2014),
available
at
http://childrenandbusiness.org/.
2
John
Ruggie,
Special
Representative
of
the
Secretary-‐General
on
the
Issue
of
Human
Rights
and
Transnational
Corporations
and
Other
Business
Enterprises,
Guiding
Principles
on
Business
and
Human
Rights:
Implementing
the
United
Nations
“Protect,
Respect
and
Remedy”
Framework,
General
Principles,
1,
U.N.
Doc.
A/HRC/17/31
(2011),
available
at
http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/GuidingPrinciplesBusinessHR_EN.pdf.
3
The
Children’s
Rights
and
Business
Principles
were
released
by
UNICEF,
Save
the
Children
and
the
United
Nations
Global
Compact
in
2012.
See
UNICEF,
endnote
1.
4
See
DANISH
INSTITUTE
FOR
HUMAN
RIGHTS
AND
INTERNATIONAL
CORPORATE
ACCOUNTABILITY
ROUNDTABLE,
NATIONAL
ACTION
PLANS
ON
BUSINESS
AND
HUMAN
RIGHTS:
A
TOOLKIT
FOR
THE
DEVELOPMENT,
IMPLEMENTATION
AND
REVIEW
OF
STATE
COMMITMENTS
TO
BUSINESS
AND
HUMAN
RIGHTS
FRAMEWORKS
(2014),
available
at
http://icar.ngo/wp-‐
content/uploads/2014/06/DIHR-‐ICAR-‐National-‐Action-‐Plans-‐NAPs-‐Report3.pdf.
5
Analogy
may
be
drawn
to
the
imperative
for
companies
to
engage
with
children’s
rights
stakeholders,
as
set
out
in
UNICEF,
ENGAGING
STAKEHOLDERS
ON
CHILDREN’S
RIGHTS:
A
TOOL
FOR
COMPANIES
(2014),
available
at
http://www.unicef.org/csr/css/Stakeholder_Engagement_on_Childrens_Rights_021014.pdf.
6
United
Nations,
Convention
on
the
Rights
of
the
Child,
art.
12,
G.A.
Res.
44/25
(Nov.
20,
1989),
available
at
http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/ProfessionalInterest/crc.pdf.
7
See
United
Nations,
Committee
on
the
Rights
of
the
Child,
General
Comment
No.
12
(2013)
on
the
right
of
the
child
to
be
heard,
U.N.
Doc.
CRC/C/GC/12
(July
1,
2009),
available
at
http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/docs/AdvanceVersions/CRC-‐C-‐GC-‐12.pdf.
8
The
Children’s
Rights
and
Business
Principles
show
how
businesses
can
respect
and
support
children’s
rights
in
the
workplace,
marketplace
and
community.
See
UNICEF,
endnote
20
來源 PDF: 7371-工商業與人權國家行動計畫中的兒童權利.pdf
工商業與人權國家行動計畫中
的兒童權利
一份開發、實施和檢視國家承諾對於商業和人權架構的工具包
丹麥人權研究所(DIHR)是丹麥的國家人權機構。其任務是在丹麥國內外促進和保護人
權平等待遇。人權和商業部是人權研究所內的一個專門單位, 其專注在私營部門於尊重
人權方面扮演的角色。
國際企業責任圓桌會議(ICAR)是一個由人權、環境、勞工和發展組織組成的聯盟, 旨在創
建、促進和捍衛法律框架, 以確保企業在其全球範圍內尊重人權。
聯合國兒童基金會 –unicef– 在190多個國家和地區開展工作,幫助兒童生存與成長茁壯，
照顧範圍從幼童到青少年。兒童基金會以《兒童權利公約》為指導, 努力將兒童權利確立
為對兒童行為的永久道德原則和國際標準。
專題編輯
Cathrine Bloch Poulsen-‐Hansen
專案主管, 丹麥人權研究所
cph@humanrights.dk
Sara Blackwell
法律和政策協調者, 國際企業責任圓桌會議
sara@accountabilityroundtable.org
Patrick Geary
企業社會責任專家, 聯合國 兒童 基金會
pgeary@unicef.org
封面照片: © UNICEF/NYHQ2015-‐1785/Rich
目錄
引言 ...................................................................................................... 2
關於此指導 .............................................................................................. 3
I. 兒童在國家行動計畫過程中的權利 ........................................................ ………..4
與兒童權利利益攸關方接觸 ........................................................................ 4
與孩子們接觸 ......................................................................................... 4
考慮到兒童權利 ...................................................................................... 5
兒童權利國家行動計畫清單 ........................................................................ 6
II. 兒童在國家行動計畫內容中的權利 ....................................................... ………..7
1. 法律和政策框架 ......................................................................... …………..8
2. 關於兒童權利的倡議和責任 ........................................................... …………..9
3. 執行領域................................................................................ …………..10
3.1 一般措施....................................................................................... 10
3.2. 童工/青年工人 .................................................................. …………….11
3.3. 父母的工作 ....................................................................... …………...12
3.4. 販運和商業性剝削 .............................................................. …………...13
3.5. 產品安全 ......................................................................... …………...14
3.6. 行銷和廣告 ....................................................................... …………….14
3.7. 媒體 ........................................................................ …………...16
3.8. 安全 ........................................................................ …………...17
3.9. 衝突地區和緊急情況 ........................................................... …………...17
3.10. 補救辦法 ................................................................. …………...18
4. 背景 ..................................................................................... …………..19
附註 ............................................................................................ 20
引言
兒童占世界人口的三分之一, 在全球經濟中發揮著重要和越來越大的作用。兒童每天
都在與企業互動, 無論是作為工廠和該領域的工作人員、商品和服務的消費者、經營
社區的成員, 還是雇員的家庭成員。同時, 因兒童其漸進發展的特點, 使兒童比成人更
容易受到不利的商業影響。
然而, 儘管存在這種脆弱性, 企業很少涉及或尋求他們所影響的孩子的投入, 且兒童面
對許多法律、實際和文化的障礙，讓他們的聲音難以被聽到。的確, 用聯合國前工商
業與人權問題秘書長特別代表約翰·魯格教授的話, "兒童是社會中最邊緣化和最脆弱的
成員, 而且可能不成比例,受商務活動、運營和關係的嚴重和永久影響。"1
雖然《聯合國工商企業與人權指導原則》(UNGPs)的結構並非圍繞具體的人權、行業
部門、影響類型或權利持有人的類別, 但它們明確要求 "以非歧視性的角度, 特別關注
更有可能成為弱勢或邊緣化風險人口或群體的個人權利和需要以及面臨的挑戰 "。2
因此, 關於工商業與人權國家行動計畫和類似政策顯然必須分析和確定《聯合國工商
企業與人權指導原則》對兒童的相關性和適用性。在國家行動計畫的實質框架內和制
定國家行動計畫的過程中, 都應特別和具體地考慮兒童權利。強調與兒童有關的問
題，不僅使社會各階層都能更清楚地看到國家行動計畫, 而且有助於提高國家行動計
畫的可及性、合法性、完整性和整體品質。
除其他文書外, 這項工作可以《兒童權利公約》和兒童權利委員會《關於兒童權利與
企業的第16號一般性意見》(GC16)為指導。《兒童權利公約》為所有兒童規定了一套
全面的公民、政治、經濟和社會權利, GC16規定了這些權利與工商部門的相關性。除
了《兒童權利與企業原則》3等自願舉措外, 《兒童權利公約》和 GC16 為兒童權利納
入國家行動計畫和執行《聯合國工商企業與人權指導原則》的其他進程提供了廣泛的
政策基礎。
2
關於此指導
本報告就關於商業與人權和其他類似政策的國家行動計畫中處理兒童權利問題提供了
指導。它補充了國際企業責任圓桌會議 (ICAR) 和丹麥人權研究所 (DIHR)所提的《國
家行動計畫工具包》 (NAPs Toolkit)4 。國際企業責任圓桌會議 (ICAR)和丹麥人權研
究所 (DIHR)與兒童基金會合作制定了這一指南, 概述了如何在制定國家行動計畫的過
程中考慮兒童權利, 以及在確定兒童權利行動的優先事項時, 重點內容應該是什麼。
本文檔包含兩個應用工具:
該指南提供了一個 "兒童權利國 關於國家行動計畫的內容, 本指
家行動計畫清單", 以評估將兒童 南提供了補充的 "兒童權利國家
權利納入國家行動計畫制定進 基準評估範本", 以評估兒童權利
程的情況 和商業狀況, 發現全政府組織在
執行兒童方面的差距, 並建立在
兒童權利方面採取行動的優先事
項。
兒童權利國家行動計畫清單 和 兒童權利國家基準評估範本，將與ICAR-DIHR《國家行
動計畫工具包》一起使用, 以制定、評價和修訂國家行動計畫。通過遵循這一指導, 可
以確保在兒童方面更多和更有效地執行《聯合國工商企業與人權指導原則》。
3
I. 兒童在國家行動計畫過程中的權利
至關重要的是, 各國應讓兒童權利利害關係方參與制定國家行動計畫, 以有效解決與兒童
權利和企業有關的問題和關切。許多兒童權利利益攸關方在政府內部 , 往往擔任兒童監
察員或專員, 並在青年、家庭、社會事務、衛生或教育部。
兒童權利利益攸關方還可包括兒童議會、青年組織、民間社會、國際組織、學術專家、
家長/照料者、勞工組織、社區領袖與兒童自己。
與兒童權利利益攸關方接觸
與兒童權利利益攸關方接觸, 不僅有助於確定具體的風險和機會, 而且還提供了對更廣泛
的人權和商業問題的一系列觀點。諮詢兒童權利利益攸關方, 使各國能夠:
在國家適應計畫進程中聽取兒童的意見、看法、經驗和資訊, 並將其納入其中;
瞭解兒童權利與更廣泛的工商業和人權背景之間的聯繫;
深入瞭解如何在國家行動計畫的內容中更好地解決與兒童權利和企業有關的問題;
為在國家行動計畫的執行、評價和修訂過程中與公民和社區不斷進行的協商和建
立關係奠定堅實的基礎;
表現出對兒童作為利害關係方的尊重, 並承諾在國家行動計畫中認真考慮兒童的
意見和利益。
與兒童接觸
各國應考慮讓兒童直接參與國家適應計畫進程。根據《兒童權利公約》, 所有能夠形
成自己意見的兒童都應能夠根據自己的年齡和生活水準自由表達, 並使自己的意見得
到考慮6。
各國有責任支援和鼓勵兒童發表意見, 承諾使國家行動計畫更具相關性、有效性和可持
續性。7與兒童的任何協商都應:
道德---由瞭解兒童權利和兒童保護問題的專家進行;
真誠---遵循明確的, 明確的願景, 確定政府和兒童的目標和利益;
完成---擁有充足的資源、時間和組織能力, 致力於確保兒童的成功參與。
4
需要注意的是,和成年人一樣,孩子也皆非同質的。具有某些特徵的兒童可能會受到不同的工作特性影響,各
國應包括基於性別、年齡、社會經濟地位、地點(城市與農村)、身障、國籍、種族、宗教、語言和任何其
他可能面臨風險的可識別群體。
考慮到兒童權利
兒童權利利益攸關方必須儘早參與國家基準評估和國家行動計畫進程, 並持續參與進程直
至完成。這為利益攸關方和政府提供機會，以共同識別兒童權利和企業的關鍵行動問題，
並確定其優先次序。關於國家基準評估和國家行動計畫的磋商結果和資訊應以友善使用者
的方式公佈, 並明定如何考慮兒童權利利益攸關方的投入。還必須讓兒童權利利益攸關方
參與監測國家行動計畫執行的情況, 以及此後修訂或重新審查關於人權和企業的承諾的任
何計畫。
兒童權利國家行動計畫清單
下一頁的《兒童權利國家行動計畫清單》概述了各國如何確保在開始制定、評價或修訂國
家行動計畫的進程時，充分考慮兒童的在乎處與意見。它是為與附件5 ICAR-DIHR《國家
行動計畫工具包》一起使用而設計的。
5
表 1: 國家行動計畫檢查清單中的兒童權利
治理
• 確保將負責處理兒童權利問題的政府機構納入國家行動計畫進程。
資源
• 諮詢兒童權利利益攸關方, 並酌情為兒童提供足夠的資源。
兒童權利利益攸關方媒合
• 尋找兒童權利利益攸關方, 作為更廣泛的利益攸關方媒合工作的一部分。
參與
• 促進兒童權利利益攸關方的參與, 包括那些代表被剝奪權力或正面臨風險的兒童群體。
國家基準評估
• 在國家基準評估中納入和解決兒童權利問題, 讓兒童權利利益攸關方充分參與國家基準評估的發展和
完成, 並將本指南中包含的兒童權利國家基準評估範本的結果納入整體國家基準評估進程。
範圍
• 制定關於兒童權利的國際和區域標準, 包括《兒童權利公約》。
內容
• 包括一份承諾聲明, 以執行與兒童有關的聯合國排雷行動, 並確保所有與兒童權利有關的承諾都是特殊的、可
實現的、可衡量的、相關的和特定的時間承諾。
優先次序
• 優先處理與企業有關的最嚴重侵犯兒童權利行為, 以便採取行動。
透明化
• 以易於獲取、易於理解的格式發佈有關國家基準評估和國家行動計畫的資訊, 確保所諮詢的任何兒童和兒
童權利利益攸關方瞭解如何考慮他們的意見。
追蹤事項
• 將兒童權利利害關係方納入國家行動計畫執行情況監測和報告框架。
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II. 兒童在行動計畫內容中的權利
在開展國家基準評估和編制國家行動計畫時, 各國應分析和評估具體措施, 以在本國
經濟交易中保障兒童權利, 保護兒童權利不受工商企業的干涉, 並確保:兒童在其權利
受到侵犯時可獲得有效補救。各國可以在聯合國全球行動計畫的框架內這樣做, 並促
進兒童權利利害關係方參與國家行動計畫的制定進程。
在這方面, 國家對兒童權利的承諾必須是全面和普遍的, 並考慮到兒童受到商業活
動、業務和關係影響的各種方式，如《兒童權利公約》、《兒童權利委員會關於兒童
權利與企業的第16號一般性意見》、《兒童權利與企業原則》和其他相關的國際標準
和舉措。
"兒童權利國家基準評估 (NBA) 範本" 可用於決定如何將兒童權利視為國家工商業與
人權法律和政策框架的一部分, 以及在更廣泛的國家、區域和國際背景下。它是為配
合ICAR-DIHR《國家行動計畫工具包》附件4中的完整 NBA 範本而設計的。
下面的《兒童權利NBA範本》強調了落實兒童權利和商業的關鍵領域, 提出了可能特
別突出的問題。雖然整個國家基準評估範本努力使其方法更加全面, 但仍會有其他廣
泛問題與兒童權利和商業有關。如上所述, 兒童權利應在與工商業與人權有關的情況
下單獨且具體審議。
指導概要
1. 法律和政策框架 2. 兒童權利的倡議和回應 3. 執行區域
4. 內容
• 本節收集關於政府 • 本節收集關於企業 • 本節收集關於落實兒 • 本節通過國際和當地
建立關於兒童權利 對兒童權利的倡議 童權利的關鍵領域資 來源收集有關當地情
的法律和治理框架 和對策的資料。 訊。包括童工、父母 況的資訊。
的資訊。 和照料者的工作、產
品安全和行銷以及安
全保障等領域。
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表 2: 兒童權利國家基準評估 (NBA) 範本
1. 法律和政策框架
國際標準 政府是否簽署和批准了相關的國際兒童權利法律文書, 例如:
《兒童權利公約》
《兒童權利公約關於兒童捲入武裝衝突問題的任擇議定書》
《兒童權利公約關於買賣兒童、兒童賣淫和兒童色情製品問題的任擇議
定書》
《兒童權利公約關於設定來文程序任擇議定書》
國際勞工組織 (勞工組織) 《關於准予就業最低年齡的第138號公約》
勞工組織《關於最有害的童工形式的第182號公約》
與NBA範本的第1.1、1.2 和2.2 節相關。
現狀/差距:
政府是否簽署和批准了相關的區域人權文書, 例如:
區域標準
《非洲兒童權利與福利憲章》
《歐洲行使兒童權利公約》
《歐洲委員會保護兒童免遭性剝削和性虐待公約》
與NBA範本的第1.1和1.2 節相關。
現狀/差距:
國家標準 關於兒童權利的總體國家法律和政策 (例如, 將《兒童權利公約》納入國家法
律的法案) 是什麼？
與NBA範本的第1.5、3.1 和3.2節相關。
現狀/差距:
其他標準 政府簽署、參與或以其他方式認可了哪些其他相關的兒童權利標準和舉措,
例如:
兒童權利委員會關於兒童權利和商業的第16號一般性意見
兒童權利和商業原則
勞工組織體面工作倡議
聯合國全球契約關於童工問題的原則
國際電信聯盟 (itu) 《兒童工業線上保護準則》
《保護兒童免受旅行和旅遊中的性剝削行為守則》
國際母乳代用品銷售守則
與NBA範本的第1.4和2.2 節相關。
現狀/差距:
8
2. 兒童權利的倡議和回應
公共部門倡議 政府開展了哪些專案和方案來促進和保護工商部門的兒童權利？
與NBA範本的第1.4、3.2 和3.3 節相關。
現狀/差距:
國家優先事項 政府在國家兒童權利戰略中確定了哪些優先事項, 包括企業的建議作用
(如果有的話)？
與NBA範本的第3.2 和3.4 節相關。
現狀/差距:
企業倡議 哪些由企業主導的專案和計畫旨在促進和保護兒童權利 (如果有的話)？
與NBA範本的第3.3節相關。
現狀/差距:
區域和國際倡議的參與 政府參與了哪些(如果有的話)關於商業與兒童權利的區域和國際倡議 (如兒童基
金會、拯救兒童聯盟和聯合國兒童權利和企業原則、勞工組織體面工作倡議、聯
合國兒童權利理事會關於兒童的原則)《兒童基金會-國際電聯兒童線上保護準
則》、《保護兒童免受旅行和旅遊中的性剝削行為守則》、《國際母乳代用品銷
售守則》)？
與NBA範本的第1.1、1.2和2.2 節相關。
現狀/差距:
9
3. 執行區域
3.1一般措施
政策承諾 是否通過批准《兒童權利公約第16號一般性意見》和/或《兒童權利與企業原
則》等方式, 對落實工商部門的兒童權利作出了總體政策承諾？
與NBA範本的第8.1、10.1節相關。
現狀/差距:
實質調查 企業在何種情況下會被要求或期望進行兒童權利實質調查, 或將兒童權利視為更廣
泛的人權實質調查的一部分？
與NBA範本的第 3.4, 4.1, 4.2、6.1節相關。
現狀/差距:
影響評估 作為法律、政策或慣例, 在通過法律、起草政策、頒佈法令或命令時,是否 要
求、期望或鼓勵官員和/或立法者進行兒童權利影響評估或以其他方式考慮兒童
權利, 以及作出與工商部門有關的行政或財務決定？
與NBA範本的第 1.5, 3.1, 3.3, 5.1節相關。
現狀/差距:
報告 是否要求公司以報告或其他方式披露其對兒童權利影響的資訊, 無論是一般情況還
是在某些問題或背景下？
與NBA範本的第 1.5, 2.1, 3.1, 3.3, 3.4節相關。
現狀/差距:
公共融資/採購/私營化 在哪些要求、預期、方針到位後，政府機構會考慮參與商業關係或利用公共資金支
投資於商務工作 (例如公共採購、出口信貸、貿易代表團和國家退休/主權財富基
金)對兒童權利的影響？在讓私營部門參與為兒童提供基本服務 (如衛生、教育和
替代照料) 時, 哪些法律和行政框架確保服務的持續可獲得性、可負擔性、公平性
和品質提供？
與整個NBA範本指導原則 4,5,6下的所有章節相關。
現狀/差距:
10
3.2. 童工/青年工人
禁止童工 法律是否明確禁止童工, 包括最惡劣形式的童工？
與NBA範本的第1.5, 1.6, 3.1, 9.1節相關。
現狀/差距:
教育 完成義務教育的年齡是多少 (如果有的話), 這是否等於最低就業年齡？在多大程度
上向所有兒童提供免費、可獲得和優質的公共教育系統？
與NBA範本的第1.5, 1.6, 3.1, 9.1節相關。
現狀/差距:
出生登記 出生登記的要求和期望是什麼, 是否有有效的登記制度來涵蓋所有兒童？
與NBA範本的第1.5, 1.6, 3.1, 9.1節相關。
現狀/差距:
年輕勞動力的保障 是否有關於合法雇用18歲以下者的工作條件的明確條例和標準, 包括禁止使用任
何形式的暴力, 包括體罰？
與NBA範本的第1.5, 1.6, 3.1, 9.1節相關。
現狀/差距:
供應鏈 要求、期望或鼓勵企業採取哪些措施, 確保其全球供應鏈中沒有童工 (例如審計、
披露)？為提高企業界對這些問題的認識作出了哪些努力？
與NBA範本的第1.5, 1.6, 3.1, 9.1節相關。
部門/群體 哪些經濟部門對童工的風險最高, 採取了哪些措施來應對這些風險？特定兒童群體
(如女童、少數民族或原住民兒童) 遭受剝削的風險是否增加？為解決非正規經濟
中的童工問題採取了哪些措施？
與NBA範本的第1.5, 1.6, 3.1, 9.1節相關。
現狀/差距:
11
監測/執行 已建立哪些機制來監測童工問題 (例如監察員)？兒童如何加劇對其免受有害勞動
的權利的侵犯？可能的制裁措施是什麼, 包括可對被發現使用童工的企業實施的刑
事處罰？有哪些服務可以説明被發現從事童工勞動的兒童康復和重新融入社會？
與NBA範本的第1.5, 1.6, 3.1, 9.1節相關。
現狀/差距:
3.3. 父母/照護者的工作
最低薪資 合法最低工資 (如果有的話) 是什麼, 採取了哪些步驟確保為父母和照料者提供
生活工資？
與NBA範本的第1.5, 1.6, 3.1, 9.1節相關。
現狀/差距:
家庭友善的雇傭環境 在法律和政策中, 圍繞工作時間、休息時間和假期權利, 父母和其他負有育兒責
任的雇員的需要和權利如何考慮？
與NBA範本的第1.5, 1.6, 3.1, 9.1節相關。
現狀/差距:
母乳餵養 雇主必須採取哪些便利和其他支助措施, 以便利工作母親的母乳餵養？
與NBA範本的第1.5, 1.6, 3.1, 9.1節相關。
現狀/差距:
育嬰假 帶薪和不帶薪育兒假的最低法定權利是什麼？
與NBA範本的第1.5, 1.6, 3.1, 9.1節相關。
現狀/差距:
免除不平等 孕婦和哺乳母親是否明確受到保護, 在工作場所不受歧視？
與NBA範本的第1.5, 1.6, 3.1, 9.1節相關。
現狀/差距:
12
獲得服務之管道 採取了哪些措施確保工作家庭有管道可獲得適當、可負擔和優質的兒童教育、幼
兒發展方案和其他相關社區服務？
與NBA範本的第1.5, 1.6, 3.1, 9.1節相關。
現狀/差距:
監測/執行 建立了哪些機制來監測父母和照料者的工作條件 (例如監察機構)？父母和照料
者如何提出侵犯其權利的行為？
與NBA範本的第1.5, 1.6, 3.1, 9.1節相關。
現狀/差距:
3.4. 販運和商業性剝削
禁止 是否明確禁止與販運兒童、買賣兒童、利用兒童賣淫以及買賣、製造和擁有兒童
色情製品有關的活動, 包括通過數位和網路媒體？這些行為的刑事、民事或行政
責任是否擴大到法人, 包括工商企業？
與NBA範本的第1.5, 7.4節相關。
現狀/差距:
治外法權 能否對在領土邊界以外對兒童進行商業剝削有關的罪行主張管轄權, 如果是, 在
什麼情況下？
與NBA範本的第1.5, 2.1節相關。
現狀/差距:
免除不平等 與販運兒童和商業性剝削有關的法律、政策和方案是否平等地適用於女孩和男
孩以及所有18歲以下的兒童？
與NBA範本的第1.6節相關
現狀/差距:
保護 採取了哪些措施確保販運或商業性剝削的兒童受害者不被視為罪犯或被視
為罪犯？
與NBA範本的第1.6節相關
現狀/差距:
13
REPARATIONS/ 性剝削的兒童受害者可以利用哪些機制從包括工商企業在內的責任方獲得
REHABILITATION
賠償？提供哪些服務, 協助性剝削的兒童受害者康復和重返社會？
Most relevant to Section 1.6 and all sections under Pillar III of the full NBA Template.
現狀/差距:
3.5. 產品安全
保護 需要採取哪些措施 (例如研究和檢測), 以確保可能被兒童使用的產品不對其健康
或安全構成威脅？在多大程度上限制兒童在公共市場上獲得有害產品, 承認兒童
的言論和資訊自由權？
與NBA範本的第3.1節相關
現狀/差距:
免除不平等 有哪些保護措施可防止產品和服務面特定年齡組或兒童群體 (例如少數民族和殘
疾兒童) 的歧視？
與NBA範本的第3.1節相關
現狀/差距:
監測/執行 有哪個機構 (如果有的話) 負責確保產品安全和責任標準的適用？企業如何對提
供不安全產品負責？責任標準在多大程度上為兒童及其家庭提供了在購買或使
用被認定不安全的產品或服務後的有效補救和適當賠償？
與NBA範本的第3.1節相關
現狀/差距:
3.6. 行銷和廣告
一般限制 對兒童行銷和廣告的法律限制和禁令是什麼 (如果有的話)？涉及哪些年齡
組, 涵蓋哪些形式的行銷和廣告？
與NBA範本的第3.1節相關
現狀/差距:
14
有危害的產品 是否採取了有針對性的措施, 禁止或限制向兒童推銷和宣傳有害、不健康和危險
的產品和服務 (例如酒精、煙草和不健康的食品飲料)？對向公眾推銷母乳替代
品是否有明確的限制？
與NBA範本的第3.1節相關
現狀/差距:
管道/位置 在限制兒童廣告和行銷時, 考慮了哪些溝通管道, 包括數位媒體, 以及物理設置,
包括學校和其他兒童可能花時間的地方？
與NBA範本的第3.1節相關
現狀/差距:
技術 是否有限制使用可能吸引兒童的特定技術, 如使用卡通人物？
與NBA範本的第3.1節相關
現狀/差距:
消費者資訊 是否有產品標籤的要求, 以清晰、真實的方式顯示有關公開商品和服務的
相關資訊, 以及易於理解的時尚, 是可訪問的, 並知道的兒童和家庭？
與NBA範本的第3.1節相關
現狀/差距:
兒童的利用 對在廣告活動中利用兒童, 包括擔任品牌大使, 有哪些限制和保護？
與NBA範本的第3.1節相關
現狀/差距:
監測/執行 由哪個機構負責監察及審理商業廣告？違反廣告和行銷標準的企業如何受
到制裁？
與NBA範本的第3.1節相關
現狀/差距:
15
3.7. 媒體
隱私權 根據法律, 兒童是否享有公認的隱私權, 包括不以電子方式儲存或公開資料或資
訊的權利？是否禁止媒體查明兒童受害者、參與法庭訴訟的兒童或處於其他弱
勢狀況的兒童？
與NBA範本的第1.5, 3.1節相關
現狀/差距:
管道 採取了哪些措施確保所有兒童都能以公平、不歧視的方式獲得數位和線上媒體
服務管道？
與NBA範本的第1.5, 3.1節相關
現狀/差距:
保護 是否有法律框架保護兒童不接觸有害其福祉的材料, 同時承認兒童的知情權和言
論自由？為發展和促進兒童和家庭的數位掃盲採取了哪些措施, 包括瞭解線上活
動的好處和風險？
與NBA範本的第1.5, 3.1節相關
現狀/差距:
網路保護 有哪些法律框架, 包括刑法規定的框架, 以保護兒童免遭網上剝削和騷擾？
有哪些機制可以報告和刪除網路上的非法內容？如何在網路上為兒童營造和
鼓勵安全的環境？
與NBA範本的第1.5, 3.1節相關
現狀/差距:
16
3.8. 安全性
招募兒童 是否明確禁止公共和私營保安供應商招募和使用兒童？
與NBA範本的第1.4, 5.1, 7.2節相關
現狀/差距:
安全性 公共和私營保安提供者在多大程度上需要於保護商業利益的業務和活動中考慮
和尊重兒童權利？
與NBA範本的第1.4, 5.1, 7.2節相關
現狀/差距:
監測/執行 對於使用或招募兒童的企業，可能會尋求哪些制裁或監測，來使企業對兒童提
供安全性？
與NBA範本的第1.4, 5.1, 7.2節相關
現狀/差距:
3.9. 衝突地區和緊急情況
緊急回應 當邀請企業參與應急工作時, 採取了哪些措施來保護兒童權利不受侵犯, 包括
強迫勞動、販運和其他形式的剝削？
與整個NBA範本指導原則 7下的所有章節相關。
現狀/差距:
實質調查 需要、預期或鼓勵在衝突地區、緊急情況或其他對兒童權利構成高度威脅的其他
局勢中經營的企業採取哪些額外措施, 以減輕潛在的負面影響？
與整個NBA範本指導原則 7下的所有章節相關。
現狀/差距:
17
3.10. 補救辦法
機制 兒童可利用哪些機制就與企業有關的侵權行為提出申訴 (例如法院、國家
人權機構和兒童監察員)？
與整個NBA範本第三支柱下的所有章節相關。
現狀/差距:
法律上的能力 是否允許兒童以自己的名義提出申訴和提起法律訴訟, 而不需要官方授權或父母
批准？
與整個NBA範本指導原則 26下的所有章節相關。
現狀/差距:
時間限制 是否提出延長兒童時期發生的侵犯權利行為案件的最後期限, 以便在兒童達到成
年年齡之前不開始工作？
與NBA範本的第26.2節相關
現狀/差距:
法律援助 在多大程度上，有免費和兒童友善的法律建議和援助可用於補救方案或提出申訴，
包括通過官方法律援助方案、國家人權機構、非政府組織、以大學為基礎的法律援
助診所和公益安排？
與NBA範本的第 1.6 , 26.2節相關
現狀/差距:
集體訴訟 集體投訴、集體訴訟和其他形式的集體訴訟是否有權處理多重和類似侵犯兒童
權利的行為？如果是, 這是否需要個別兒童的識別和參與？
與整個NBA範本指導原則 26下的所有章節相關。
現狀/差距:
決議 有關兒童的法律訴訟在司法系統中被列為優先事項的程度？
與整個NBA範本指導原則 26下的所有章節相關。
現狀/差距:
18
4. 內容
對於本節, 建議研究人員使用:
特定國家的來源;
商業和人權資源中心網站上的兒童權利和商業門戶;
兒童權利委員會和其他聯合國條約機構的檔、報告和建議;
勞工組織和其他專門機構提供的資料;
定期審查檢視報告;
國際、區域、國家和地方國際民間社會報告;
媒體報導
國際監測 向政府發佈了哪些關於兒童權利和商業的建議: 兒童權利委員會、其他聯合國
條約機構和普遍定期審議程式？包括兒童基金會和勞工組織在內的國際和區域
組織在國家範圍內編制了哪些與兒童權利和企業有關的統計資料、資訊和指
導？
與NBA範本的第1.1, 1.2, 2.2節相關
現狀/差距:
公民社會 在國家範圍內發起了哪些與兒童權利和商業有關的運動？地方、國家、區域和
國際民間社會組織 (如商業和人權資源中心----商業和兒童入口網站) 公佈了哪
些相關資訊;兒童權利國際網路)？
與NBA範本的第1.4節相關
現狀/差距:
媒體 地方、國家和國際媒體對哪些與兒童權利和企業有關的報導？
與NBA範本的第1.3節相關
現狀/差距:
19
附註
1 見聯合國兒童基金會, 拯救兒童和聯合國全球契約, 兒童的權利和商業原則TTCONTEXT (2014), 可點以下連結
http://childrenandbusiness.org/.
2 John Ruggie, 秘書長特別代表 : 人權與跨國公司和其他工商企業問題, 《工商業與人權指導原則: 執行聯合國 "保
護、尊重和尊重補救 "框架, 一般原則, 1, 聯合國檔. A/HRC/17/31 (2011), 可點以下連結
http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/GuidingPrinciplesBusinessHR_EN.pdf.
3
兒童基金會、拯救兒童組織和聯合國發佈了《兒童權利與企業原則》2012年《全球契約》。見兒童基金會, 附錄1。
4
見丹麥人權研究所和國際公司責任之路, 關於商業和人權的國家行動計畫: 國家發展、實施和審查的工具
商業和人權框架的承諾 (2014年), 可點以下連結
http://icar.ngo/wp-‐ content/uploads/2014/06/DIHR-‐ICAR-‐National-‐Action-‐Plans-‐NAPs-‐Report3.pdf.
5
類似的是, 公司必須按照規定與兒童權利利益攸關方接觸，聯合國兒童基金會, "兒童權利工作: 公司工具" (2014年), 可
點以下連結
http://www.unicef.org/csr/css/Stakeholder_Engagement_on_Childrens_Rights_021014.pdf.
6
聯合國, 《兒童權利公約》, 藝術, 12, G.A. Res. 44/25 (Nov. 20, 1989), 可點以下連結
http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/ProfessionalInterest/crc.pdf.
7
見聯合國, 兒童權利委員會, 關於兒童發表意見的權利的第12號一般性意見 (2013年), 聯合國 CRC/GC12
號檔 (2009年7月1日), 可點以下連結
http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/docs/AdvanceVersions/CRC-‐C-‐GC-‐12.pdf.
8
《兒童權利與企業原則》顯示了企業如何尊重和支援兒童權利在工作場所、市場和社區。見聯合國兒童基金會, 附錄
20
資料來源:CRC 兒童權利公約資訊網 · 轉換工具:pdftotext -layout -enc UTF-8 · doc_id: FF6682DA-5269-4429-BE4E-A24D1F871AC3