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PI-23 婦女庇護所收容爭議 — 受暴空間之 sex-based vs gender identity

議題追溯鏈:倡議者 → 政府回應 → 結果評估 → 國際 CO 評估

軸別 ["4", "1"] 軸四等級 high 三方覆核 未審

📅 時間軸

  1. 2019-03-08
    [政策建議書] 🟠 反擴張派
    WHRC Declaration on Women's Sex-Based Rights 全球連署啟動
    發起者: WHRC 婦女人權運動(國際)
    sex-based rights 國際立場聲明,9 條對應 CEDAW + 婦女空間 + 體育 + 兒童醫療
  2. 2019-05-24
    [法案推動] 🔵 擴張派
    司法院釋字 748 號施行法 立法院三讀通過
    發起者: 台灣伴侶權益推動聯盟
    同婚合法化,改變家庭定義範圍
  3. 2021-09-23
    📜 [判決] 🔴 軸四擴張
    台北高等行政法院 北高行 109-訴-275 判決:免術換證
    機關: JY
    判定要求性別變更登記須提供性器官摘除證明違憲;個案層次免術換證
  4. 2022-11
    [影子報告提交] 🔵 擴張派
    同志諮詢熱線 第 4 次 CEDAW 平行報告
    發起者: 台灣同志諮詢熱線協會
    繼續推動 SOGIESC 入 CEDAW 詮釋
  5. 2024-08
    [訴訟] 🔵 擴張派
    台北高等行政法院判決:強制手術換證違反 CEDAW 與兩公約
    發起者: 台灣伴侶權益推動聯盟
    法院認定強制手術始可變更性別登記之要求違反 CEDAW + 兩公約意旨
  6. 2024-08-16
    [訴訟] 🔵 擴張派
    GHRA 跨性別免術換證 行政訴訟勝訴(台北高行)
    發起者: 台灣性別人權協會
    台北高等行政法院 113 年判決:強制手術換證違反 CEDAW、兩公約
  7. 2024-10
    [政策建議書] 🟠 反擴張派
    護家護兒聯盟 庇護所收容立場聲明
    發起者: 台灣全國媽媽護家護兒聯盟
    主張庇護所應保留生理女性專用,不應因性別認同入場
  8. 2024-11
    [公聽會發言] ❓ 不明
    立法院 性別認定法草案 跨黨派公聽會
    發起者: 立法院司法及法制委員會
    DPP 多數支持自我宣告、KMT 多數要求保留醫療要件、TPP 立場分散
  9. 2026-04
    [影子報告提交] 🟠 反擴張派
    台灣全國媽媽護家護兒聯盟 第 5 次 CEDAW 影子報告(本平台)
    發起者: 台灣全國媽媽護家護兒聯盟
    反對 CEDAW 詮釋擴張,主張婦女實質權益優先

👥 結果評估:誰受益 / 誰受害

❌ 受害 — 受暴婦女(庇護所空間 / 女子監所收容人 / 女運動員)

對應政策: 台北高等行政法院 北高行 109-訴-275 判決:免術換證

評估期間: 2021-2024

證據: 免術換證後,身分證性別欄位變更但生理未變;對單一性別空間(庇護所 PI-23 / 監所 PI-24 / 運動 PI-25)構成新風險;國際 UK Karen White 等案例引發類似擔憂

反事實 (若無此政策): 若維持須術後始可變更,單一性別空間之 sex-based 分流不會被挑戰

責任歸屬: 主要倡議者為跨性別個人權益團體;政府(司法院 / 內政部)未充分評估對婦女空間影響;受益為跨性別當事人之自我認同權,代價為受暴婦女空間之安全感與庇護所實務

🌐 國際 CEDAW 委員會評估

第 1 次審查 (2009) §sample-1

on sexual orientation and assistance for......

軸四: 第 1 次 sexual orientation 出現 2 處 — 在反歧視保護一般原則下

第 1 次審查 (2009) §3

The Republic of Korea has ratified the National Human Rights Commission Act and such act gives definition to discrimination against gender and other grounds. Nevertheless, such definition is not complete and in the last legislation the parliament attempted to introduce an overall anti-discrimination...

第 2 次審查 (2014) §22

The Review Committee is concerned about the lack of progress in the development of teaching materials at all levels on sexual orientation an d gender identities, as recommended by the International Group of Independent Experts on ICCPR and ICESCR. The Review Committee is also concerned that there is...

第 2 次審查 (2014) §33

The Review Com mittee is concerned at the lack of legal recognition of the diversity of families in the country and that only heterosexual marriages are recognized but not same sex unions or cohabiting partnerships. The Review Committee is also concerned about the lack o f statistical data on unregi...

第 2 次審查 (2014) §34

The Review Committee is concerned about the provisions of the 2008 Executive Order regulating the process of gender change and requiring inter alia, the surgical removal of reproductive organs before qualifying for registration. It is further concerned at the lack of statistical data on transgender ...

第 2 次審查 (2014) §6

The Review Committee is concerned that despite the guarantee of equality for all people in article 7 of the Constitution of Taiwan, there is no legal definition of discrimination against women. It is also concerned that there is no law addressing multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination aga...

第 3 次審查 (2018) §19

The IRC recommends that the Government: (a) improve indicators and conduct a broad study on the prevalence of stereotypes and wrongful application of law by pros ecutors and judges, as recommended in the second review ; (b) extend systematic and mandatory capacity-buildi ng on women’s human rights a...

第 3 次審查 (2018) §24

The IRC notes the existing, albeit rather limit ed, efforts to accelerate substantive equality of women and men by introducing various forms of te mporary special measures. The IRC also notes that the Executive Yuan sets “Gender Equ ality in Decision-Making of Public and Private Sectors” as an impor...

第 3 次審查 (2018) §29

The IRC recommends that the Government: (a) amend the Domestic Violence Prevention Act to s pecify gender based violence against women, in accordance with the CEDA W Committee’s General Recommendation No. 35 ; (b) raise awareness on online violence and develop measures against hate speech, which sho...

第 3 次審查 (2018) §46

The IRC is concerned that sexual harassment, as sault and bullying continue on school campuses, in particular against girls, students wit h disabilities, LBTI students and foreigners among others....

第 3 次審查 (2018) §47

The IRC urges the Government to step up its eff orts to prevent sexual harassment, 12 sexual assault and sexual bullying in schools, by providing strengthened policy measures and educational programs. The IRC recommends that s urveys are regularly conducted and analyzed, and proactive policy measure...

第 4 次審查 (2022) §46

The IRC recommends the Government to consider using temporary special measures in order to ensure at least one third of admissions for women, in highly segregated areas where they are underrepresented, and adopt action plans for combatting segregation and ensure continuation of integration and progr...

第 4 次審查 (2022) §64

The IRC recommends that the Government intensify its efforts to equip the hospitals and health clinics with the necessary equipment and facilities to meet the diverse health needs of women with disabilities. It furth er recommends the Government to provide women with disabilities with increased educ...

第 4 次審查 (2022) §77

The IRC recommends that in cases of divorc e that involves domestic violence, mediation should be prohibited. It further recommends that all mediation committee members undergo training on domestic violence and be instructed to refrain from pressing women into mediation under all circumstances. It a...

第 4 次審查 (2022) §78

The IRC appreciates that the 2019 Act for Implementation of Juridical Yuan Interpretation No. 748 allows same-sex marriages to be legally registered in Taiwan. It notes that Article 20 of the Act retains a distinction between same -sex marriage and heterosexual marriage, and that transnational same ...

第 4 次審查 (2022) §79

The IRC calls upon the Government to consider taking the necessary measures to eliminate all remaining discriminatory rules again same-sex couples. De-facto unions...

📚 方法論透明

本追溯鏈以「假設驗證」(hypothesis testing) 方法論建構 — 不預設結論,而是讓三種假設並列:

因果強度分 4 級:🟢 強(direct)/ 🟡 中(contributory)/ 🔴 弱(context)/ ❌ 反證

詳見 governance/accountability_tracing_sop.md

🌐 跨公約觀點 — 此議題與其他公約的交集

本議題在三公約共構分析中被識別為跨公約交織議題,建議參照其他公約的政府論述以避免單一視角盲點:

資料來源:三公約交織議題完整對照