快速離開

PI-10 婦癌篩檢 — 子宮頸發生率 7 成下降但篩檢覆蓋率停滯

議題追溯鏈:倡議者 → 政府回應 → 結果評估 → 國際 CO 評估

軸別 ["1", "3"] 軸四等級 low 三方覆核 —

📅 時間軸

  1. 2018-04
    [政策建議書] 🔵 擴張派
    勵馨基金會 + 多 NGO 孕產婦死亡率倒退報告
    發起者: 勵馨基金會
    指出台灣孕產婦死亡率自 2014-2024 倒退 +211%
  2. 2022-06
    [法案推動] 🔵 擴張派
    台灣同志家庭權益促進會 同志/單身女性人工生殖法草案
    發起者: 台灣同志家庭權益促進會
    推動人工生殖法擴及單身女性、女女伴侶

🌐 國際 CEDAW 委員會評估

第 2 次審查 (2014) §27

While noting the efforts to improve conditions of female migrant workers, including the setting up of a foreign workers hotline in 2009, and the submission of the draft Domestic Workers Protection Act to the Executive Yuan, the Review Committee expresses its concern over the lack of legal protection...

第 2 次審查 (2014) §28

While the Review Committee commends the government for the adoption of a Women’s Health Policy in 2008, it is concerned that there is no action plan and budgetary allocations for the implementation of this policy. It is also concerned that although the health insurance coverage is extensive, there i...

第 2 次審查 (2014) §29

The Review Committee is concerned that the government has a restrictive policy relating to HIV -positive aliens, most of whom are women, including mandatory HIV testing and the requirement that all HIV -positive aliens, including spouses of nationals of Taiwan, lea ve the country. The Review Committ...

第 3 次審查 (2018) §15

The IRC requests the Government to adopt and im plement a comprehensive program for making the CEDAW Convention, CEDAW Comm ittee’s general recommendations and its jurisprudence largely known among the Judicial Yuan, the Legislative Yuan, the Executive Yuan, the Control Y uan and the Examination Yua...

第 3 次審查 (2018) §38

While the stateless children are entitled to su pport services and the local government provides them foster homes or other care facilities, the IRC is concerned with the information that social welfare and healthcare departments do not consistently provide help, especially for children of non-natio...

第 3 次審查 (2018) §39

The IRC recommends the Government to ensure tha t the stateless children receive the necessary support in their upbringing, includin g healthcare, education, family and other needs in a consistent manner, in particular c hildren of non-national mothers. The IRC further recommends that the Government...

第 3 次審查 (2018) §43

The IRC recommends that the Government study th e reason for the very low enrollment of girls with disabilities in schools an d take measures that all girls with disabilities are provided with education. The IRC f urther recommends that the data collection on education includes enrollment rates a nd...

第 3 次審查 (2018) §44

The IRC is deeply concerned that there is no co mprehensive education on sexual and reproductive health and rights provided in school c urriculum, which is age appropriate, scientifically accurate and up-to-date, considering the evolving capacities of children, adolescents and youths. The IRC is als...

第 3 次審查 (2018) §58

The IRC recognizes the Government’s efforts to improve women’s health, such as the training of the majority of healthcare professional s on gender issues and the creation of integrated outpatient clinics fostering a women-fri endly healthcare environment. Nevertheless, the IRC is concerned with the ...

第 3 次審查 (2018) §59

The IRC recommends the Government to increase t he human, technical and financial resources for the implementation of the n ational action plan for women’s health policy and establish monitoring mechanisms, including measureable indicators, to ensure that it functions in practice. Sterilization and ...

第 3 次審查 (2018) §60

The IRC is concerned about the lack of reliable and sufficient information on sterilization and abortion cases in the Government report and rep ly to the list of issues, as well as about the difficulties to access safe abortion and post-a bortion care services, including psychological support for wo...

第 3 次審查 (2018) §61

The IRC strongly recommends that the Government undertake a study on cases of sterilization and abortion, disaggregated by age, a rea, nationality, mental health or disability. Also, the IRC recommends the Government to provide everyone age- appropriate education on sexual and reproductive he alth a...

第 3 次審查 (2018) §62

The IRC is concerned with the lack of accessibi lity to health services, including mental health, for women with disabilities. It received al ternative information about numerous 15 situations of Government’s failure to comply with t he obligation to respect, protect and fulfil the rights of women w...

第 3 次審查 (2018) §63

The IRC recommends that healthcare services sho uld be responsive and sensitive to women and girls with disabilities and include timel y and comprehensive mental, sexual and reproductive health services, including contrac eption and prophylaxis against HIV . The Government should provide specialized...

第 3 次審查 (2018) §66

The IRC commends the Government for the measure s taken to enhance the equal 16 participation of women in the management of rural a nd fisheries activities as well as to promote women’s participation in the decision-makin g in the rural institutions and associations. In particular, it welcomes the a...

第 4 次審查 (2022) §25

While the IRC recognizes the efforts made by the Government regarding budgeting for gender needs and its implementation across sectors, it is concerned that the two highest budget allocations for gender matters were only 16.5% and 4.5% for education and health and welfare respectively. The IRC is al...

第 4 次審查 (2022) §59

The IRC commends the adoption of Women’s Health Action Plan in 2018 as recommended in the Third CEDAW Review and which includes many components of women’s health needs. It is nonetheless concerned that the Action Plan lacks a life-cycle approach encompassing all and changing health needs of girls an...

第 4 次審查 (2022) §61

The IRC is concerned that abortion is a criminal offence and women can be punished under the Criminal Code, although the Genetic Health Act allows legal abortions in some circumstances. The IRC is also concerned that abortion requires consent from the spouse, or in case of young women under 20 years...

第 4 次審查 (2022) §62

The IRC recommends that: (a) abortion by pregnant girls and women is decriminalized; (b) the requirement for consent from the spouse, parent or guardian is removed from the Genetic Health Act to ensure autonomy and integrity of women; (c) the government ensure that sex education at all levels provid...

第 4 次審查 (2022) §63

While acknowledging the good efforts to provide incentives to h ospitals and improve the medical facilities to meet the diverse health needs of women with different forms of disabilities, the IRC remains concerned that many hospitals and clinics are still not equipped with needed facilities and heal...

第 4 次審查 (2022) §64

The IRC recommends that the Government intensify its efforts to equip the hospitals and health clinics with the necessary equipment and facilities to meet the diverse health needs of women with disabilities. It furth er recommends the Government to provide women with disabilities with increased educ...

📜 政府 / 官網文件原文證據(共 6 段)

由本平台從 cedaw.org.tw / gec.ey.gov.tw 等官網爬取 + 智慧抽取(Wave 93-98)。每段標註來源文件、機構、年份。

🔍 命中關鍵詞:婦女健康 · 婦女權益促進發展基金會 / CEDAW 資訊網 · 2015
25.  締約國應預防和消除對農村婦女和女童的一切形式暴力,並按照第19號和第33號一般性建議:  (a)  提高農村婦女和男子、女童和男童,以及地方、宗教和社區領袖對農村婦女和女童權利的認識,目的是消除歧視性社會態度和做法,特別是那些寬恕性別暴力的態度和做法;  (b)  採取有效措施,旨在預防、調查、起訴和懲治暴力侵害農村婦女和女童(包括移徙農村婦女和女童)的行為,不論施害者是國家還是非國家行為者或個人;  (c)  確保生活在農村地區的受害者有效獲得司法救助,包括法律援助,以及獲得賠償和其他形式矯正或賠償,並確保農村地區各級當局(包括司法機關、司法行政人員和公務員)具備應對暴力侵害農村婦女和女童行為和保護舉報暴行的農村婦女和女童免遭報復所需的資源和政治意願;  (d)  確保農村婦女和女童獲得受害者綜合服務,包括應急收容所和綜合保健服務…
出處:1. 消除對婦女歧視委員會確認農村婦女做出了重要貢獻,且確認迫切需要更好地承認和保護其人權。委員會通過先前的結論性意見和一般性建議確定農村婦女仍在以各種方式面臨歧視。在本一般性建議中,委員會澄清,締約國有義務確保農村婦女的權利,重點是《消除
🔍 命中關鍵詞:婦女健康 · 行政院性別平等處 (GEC) · 2013
2012年第56屆CSW會議主題為:「鄉村女性在消除貧窮和饑餓、 鄉村發展與當前挑戰中的角色及培力」,我國由本院性別平等處及外 交部共同補助財團法人婦女權益促進發展基金會,結合政府及民間團 體代表共計31人與會,其中16人於10場周邊會議中擔任與談人或主持 人。會議期間,財團法人婦女權益促進發展基金會分別與聯合國系統 學術理事會(Academic Council of the United Nations System, 簡稱ACUNS)、國際法律專業女性協會(International Federation of Women in Legal Careers,簡稱FIFCJ)共同舉辦「增進鄉村地區 婦女健康」論壇及「美國平權行動方案」工作坊,並同步於紐約外館 舉辦「臺灣鄉村婦女生活印記及發展最佳範例」特展,推廣成…
出處:一、根植「黃金十年」政策目標納入「國家發展計畫」. ............ 006
🔍 命中關鍵詞:婦女健康 · 行政院性別平等處 (GEC) · 2011
面對來自人口老化、家庭功能萎縮、社會價值變遷、城鄉差距及跨國婚姻的挑戰, 復加上氣候變遷、環境汙染與安全等健康風險曝露的升高,追求健康平均餘命非醫藥科 技能辦到。所有公共衛生政策、研究與介入方案,皆需以健康促進與疾病預防為優先, 且融入性別分析觀點,釐清與性別有關之社會經濟和文化因素造成之健康不平等,以及 性別角色與性別權力關係是否導致健康機會、資源和健康服務利用之不公平。婦女健康 問題上急需全方位改善規劃政策、協調機構並統整資源,建構以人為本且具安全、效 率、效益及公平之健康照顧體系。
出處:邁向共治、共享、共贏的永續社會
🔍 命中關鍵詞:婦女健康 · 行政院性別平等處 (GEC) · 2011
生殖之外的女性健康照顧仍有待加強,忽略女性心理支持與其他醫療保健需求,如 女性更年期被簡化和醫療化為性荷爾蒙不足、青少女之避孕與其他健康需求、婦女心血 管疾病照顧、代謝症候群等問題未獲重視,目前少數醫院已設置更年期門診、婦女健康 門診/中心與青少年門診,但未有推廣政策及輔導與認證之鼓勵機制及經費支援。
出處:邁向共治、共享、共贏的永續社會
🔍 命中關鍵詞:乳癌 · UN OHCHR / 學術社群 · 2022
12 2017年至2020年男性死亡人數多高於女性,男性、女性前二大死因均為「惡性腫瘤」、 「心臟疾病」;2019年「慢性肝病及肝硬化」為男性前十大死因之一,但未列於女性 前十大死因之中,「血管性及未明示之癡呆症」則反之;2020年前5大癌症死亡數及死 亡率如表16。 表 16 2020前 5 大癌症死亡數及死亡率 單位:人;人/10 萬人 男性 女性 部位 死亡數 粗死亡率 標準化 死亡率 部位 死亡數 粗死亡率 標準化 死亡率 肺癌 6,037 51.6 29.7 肺癌 3,592 30.2 15.1 肝癌 5,296 45.3 26.8 大腸癌 2,853 24.0 11.8 大腸癌 3,636 31.1 17.9 乳癌 2,655 22.3 12.8 口腔癌 3,137 26.8 16.8 肝癌 2,477 20.8 10.0 食道癌 1,8…
出處:2022_CEDAW-4th-Common-Core-Document_TC.pdf
🔍 命中關鍵詞:乳癌 · 中華民國政府(行政院性平處) · 2014
12.10 2012 年女性癌症標準化死亡率(每十萬人 95.1 人)與 2009 年相 同,前五大主要癌症死因為氣管支氣管和肺癌、肝和肝內膽管 癌、結腸直腸和肛門癌、乳癌、胃癌(表 12-6)。 12.11 為降低癌症死亡率,2003 年實施 「癌症防治法」 。子宮頸癌、 乳癌、大腸癌及口腔癌發生人數占所有癌症人數的三分之一, 免費提供 30 歲以上婦女子宮頸抹片篩檢、 45-69 歲婦女及 40-44 歲具 2 等親以內罹患乳癌婦女乳房攝影篩檢、50-69 歲 民眾糞便濳血篩檢及 18 歲以上吸菸或嚼檳榔民眾口腔黏膜篩 檢。女性子宮頸癌標準化死亡率已從 2002 每十萬人 7.1 人降 至 2012 年 3.9 人,下降 45%。 12.12 女性前四大死因中,心臟疾病、腦血管疾病及糖尿病 與高血 壓、高血糖及高血脂極為相關,免費提供 40 至 …
出處:2014_2014-CEDAW-State-Reports_CH.pdf

📚 方法論透明

本追溯鏈以「假設驗證」(hypothesis testing) 方法論建構 — 不預設結論,而是讓三種假設並列:

因果強度分 4 級:🟢 強(direct)/ 🟡 中(contributory)/ 🔴 弱(context)/ ❌ 反證

詳見 governance/accountability_tracing_sop.md