⚠️ BETA — This is a cross-covenant intersectional PI brief. Content draws from international GR/CO + adjacent data where domestic government documents are sparse. NGO contributions welcome.
PI-15: Indigenous Women — Triple Discrimination
Cross-covenant intersectional PI — gender × ethnicity × geography
1. Platform Evidence
| Platform | "Indigenous women" segment count |
|---|---|
| CEDAW gov't documents | 85 segments |
| CRC gov't documents | 9 segments (children-related) |
| CRPD gov't documents | 0 segments |
→ CEDAW has baseline discourse; CRC and CRPD nearly silent.
Indigenous women's intersectional rights are women's-rights-only-discourse.
2. International Evidence
CEDAW GR-39 (Indigenous Women, 2022)
The first dedicated General Recommendation on indigenous women — comprehensive treatment including:
- §54-58: Indigenous disabled women (overlap with PI-19)
- Sections on land rights, traditional knowledge, free prior informed consent
- Rural/remote service access
CEDAW Article 14 (Rural Women)
Direct relevance — Taiwan's 16 indigenous tribes are largely rural / remote.
Convention 169 (ILO) + UNDRIP
International framework for indigenous women's collective + individual rights.
International benchmarks
- Australia "Closing the Gap" 2020: Indigenous women face DV at 35× rate of non-indigenous women in some regions; Aboriginal hospitalization for assault is 34×
- Canada NIMMIWG (National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls, 2019): 231 calls for justice
- New Zealand "He Korowai Oranga": Māori women health strategy
3. Taiwan Domestic Issues
- Out-migration for employment: women in indigenous townships face 2-3× higher commute distance to factory work
- Land inheritance: customary law often patrilineal, women excluded from collective ownership
- Cultural identity: marriage to non-indigenous spouse can affect status of children
- DV reporting: many tribes have no formal DV center within 30 km
4. Four-dimensional action plan
📊 Data sources to collect
- CIP "Indigenous status × gender × age" cross-tabulation 2017-2024
- MOHW DV reports — indigenous status disaggregation
- MOL women's labor statistics — indigenous subgroup
- NHIA mental health utilization in 32 indigenous townships
- Indigenous women community leaders (in-language interviewers, 5-10 across tribes)
- Tribal social workers
- CIP Department of Social Development
- Indigenous women legal aid (e.g., Wild Lily of Taiwan / Atayal Women's Network)
- CIP — full indigenous female demographics with cross-cuts
- MOHW — protective service cases by indigenous status (2017-2024)
- NHIA — health insurance utilization gaps in indigenous townships
- CEDAW GR-39 (2022) — Indigenous Women (foundational)
- CEDAW Article 14 — Rural Women
- CEDAW GR-30 — Conflict and post-conflict (relevant where land disputes exist)
- UNDRIP §21-23 — health, education, employment for indigenous peoples
- ILO Convention 169 — tribal peoples
- CRPD PI-19 (disabled indigenous) — overlap on indigenous disabled women
- CRC PI-13 (migrant children) — indigenous children in cross-border families
- Chinese version: PI-15.html
- Cross-covenant intersectional: intersectional-topics-en.html
- Disabled indigenous (PI-19): PI-19-en.html
👥 Interviews to conduct
📨 Freedom-of-information requests
🌐 Relevant international CO / GR
5. Cross-covenant joint advocacy entry point
Cross-references with: